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Greco Eval III Rep 2008 6E Final Norway PF Public
DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND LEGAL AFFAIRS DIRECTORATE OF MONITORING Strasbourg, 19 February 2009 Public Greco Eval III Rep (2008) 6E Theme II Third Evaluation Round Evaluation Report on Norway on Transparency of party funding (Theme II) Adopted by GRECO at its 41 st Plenary Meeting (Strasbourg, 16-19 February 2009) Secrétariat du GRECO GRECO Secretariat www.coe.int/greco Conseil de l’Europe Council of Europe F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex +33 3 88 41 20 00 Fax +33 3 88 41 39 55 I. INTRODUCTION 1. Norway joined GRECO in 2001. GRECO adopted the First Round Evaluation Report (Greco Eval I Rep (2002) 3E) in respect of Norway at its 10 th Plenary Meeting (12 July 2002) and the Second Round Evaluation Report (Greco Eval II Rep (2004) 3E) at its 20 th Plenary Meeting (30 September 2004). The aforementioned Evaluation Reports, as well as their corresponding Compliance Reports, are available on GRECO’s homepage ( http://www.coe.int/greco ). 2. GRECO’s current Third Evaluation Round (launched on 1 January 2007) deals with the following themes: - Theme I – Incriminations: Articles 1a and 1b, 2-12, 15-17, 19 paragraph 1 of the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption (ETS 173) 1, Articles 1-6 of its Additional Protocol 2 (ETS 191) and Guiding Principle 2 (criminalisation of corruption). - Theme II – Transparency of party funding: Articles 8, 11, 12, 13b, 14 and 16 of Recommendation Rec(2003)4 on Common Rules against Corruption in the Funding of Political Parties and Electoral Campaigns, and - more generally - Guiding Principle 15 (financing of political parties and election campaigns). -
Bomb Target Norway
Bomb target Norway About Norwegian political history in a tragic background, the background to the Norwegian fascism. Militarism and na- tionalism are the prerequisites for fas- cism. By Holger Terpi Norway is a rich complex country with a small wealthy militarist and nationalist upper class, a relatively large middle class and a working class. The little known Norwegian militarism has always been problematic. It would censorship, war with Sweden, occupy half of Greenland1, was opponent of a Nordic defense cooperation, garden Norway into NATO2 and EEC, would have plutonium and nuclear weapons3, as well as, monitor and controlling political opponents, in- cluding the radical wing of the labor movement, pacifists and conscientious objectors. And they got it pretty much as they wanted it. One example is the emergency law or emergency laws, a common term for five laws adopted by the Storting in 1950, which introduced stricter measures for acts that are defined as treacherous in war, and also different measures in peacetime, such as censorship of letters, phone monitoring etc.4 1 Legal Status of Eastern Greenland (Den. v. Nor.), 1933 P.C.I.J. (ser. A/B) No. 53 (Apr. 5) Publications of the Per- manent Court of International Justice Series A./B. No. 53; Collection of Judgments, Orders and Advisory Opinions A.W. Sijthoff’s Publishing Company, Leyden, 1933. 2 Lundestad , Geir: America, Scandinavia, and the Cold War 1945-1949. Oslo, University Press, 1980. - 434 pp. Paradoxically, according to Lundestad, the U.S. preferred socialist governments in Scandinavia rather than conservative, the reason was that they were perceived as "the strongest bulwark" against communism 3 Forland, Astrid: Norway’s nuclear odyssey: from optimistic proponent to nonproliferator. -
September 2007
EU-25/27 WATCH No. 5 ISSN 1610-6458 Issued in September 2007 Edited by the Institute for European Politics (IEP), Berlin in collaboration with the Austrian Institute of International Affairs, Vienna Groupe d’Etudes Politiques Européennes, Brussels Bulgarian European Community Studies Association, Institute for International Relations, Zagreb Sofia Institute for World Economics of the Hungarian Center for European Studies / Middle East Technical Academy of Sciences, Budapest University, Ankara Institute for Strategic and International Studies, Centre européen de Sciences Po, Paris Lisbon Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches Européennes Institute of European Affairs, Dublin Robert Schuman, Luxembourg Institute of International Relations, Prague Centre of International Relations, Ljubljana Institute of International Relations and Political Cyprus Institute for Mediterranean, European and Science, Vilnius University International Studies, Nicosia Istituto Affari Internazionali, Rome Danish Institute for International Studies, Latvian Institute of International Affairs, Copenhagen Riga Elcano Royal Institute and UNED University, Madrid Mediterranean Academy of Diplomatic Studies, EuroCollege, University of Tartu University of Malta European Institute of Romania, Bucharest Netherlands Institute of International Relations Federal Trust for Education and Research, London ‘Clingendael’, The Hague Finnish Institute of International Affairs, Helsinki Slovak Foreign Policy Association, Bratislava Foundation for European Studies, European Institute, Swedish -
Supporting Political Party Systems – Experiences and Challenges
MAY 2005 • DIVISION FOR DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE Supporting Political Party Systems – Experiences and Challenges Content Introduction ................................................................................................3 Political Party Aid: Summary of Discussion ............................................4 Are parties the same everywhere? ........................................................4 Advantages of Party Aid .......................................................................4 Advantages of Party System Aid .........................................................5 The Role of Party Internationals ..........................................................5 The Role of Foundations ......................................................................6 Party system Restructuring in Malawi in the 2004 Election: Can and Should International Party Assistance Play a Role? ...................... 6 Political Marginalization and Democratic Capacity Building ............7 Concluding Remarks ............................................................................9 Political Party Aid: Issues for Reflection and Discussion – by Tom Carothers ...........................................................................10 I. Party Troubles .............................................................................10 II. Aid for Political Parties ................................................................12 III. Issues for Discussion ....................................................................15 IV. The Challenge -
List of Political Parties
Manifesto Project Dataset Political Parties in the Manifesto Project Dataset [email protected] Website: https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/ Version 2015a from May 22, 2015 Manifesto Project Dataset Political Parties in the Manifesto Project Dataset Version 2015a 1 Coverage of the Dataset including Party Splits and Merges The following list documents the parties that were coded at a specific election. The list includes the party’s or alliance’s name in the original language and in English, the party/alliance abbreviation as well as the corresponding party identification number. In case of an alliance, it also documents the member parties. Within the list of alliance members, parties are represented only by their id and abbreviation if they are also part of the general party list by themselves. If the composition of an alliance changed between different elections, this change is covered as well. Furthermore, the list records renames of parties and alliances. It shows whether a party was a split from another party or a merger of a number of other parties and indicates the name (and if existing the id) of this split or merger parties. In the past there have been a few cases where an alliance manifesto was coded instead of a party manifesto but without assigning the alliance a new party id. Instead, the alliance manifesto appeared under the party id of the main party within that alliance. In such cases the list displays the information for which election an alliance manifesto was coded as well as the name and members of this alliance. 1.1 Albania ID Covering Abbrev Parties No. -
Manifesto Project Dataset List of Political Parties
Manifesto Project Dataset List of Political Parties [email protected] Website: https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/ Version 2020b from December 23, 2020 Manifesto Project Dataset - List of Political Parties Version 2020b 1 Coverage of the Dataset including Party Splits and Merges The following list documents the parties that were coded at a specific election. The list includes the name of the party or alliance in the original language and in English, the party/alliance abbreviation as well as the corresponding party identification number. In the case of an alliance, it also documents the member parties it comprises. Within the list of alliance members, parties are represented only by their id and abbreviation if they are also part of the general party list. If the composition of an alliance has changed between elections this change is reported as well. Furthermore, the list records renames of parties and alliances. It shows whether a party has split from another party or a number of parties has merged and indicates the name (and if existing the id) of this split or merger parties. In the past there have been a few cases where an alliance manifesto was coded instead of a party manifesto but without assigning the alliance a new party id. Instead, the alliance manifesto appeared under the party id of the main party within that alliance. In such cases the list displays the information for which election an alliance manifesto was coded as well as the name and members of this alliance. 2 Albania ID Covering Abbrev Parties No. Elections -
Political Parties in Central America, Panama and the Dominican Republic
A CHALLENGE FOR DEMOCRACY Political Parties in Central America, Panama and the Dominican Republic Diego Achard - Luis E. González With the collaboration of Edelberto Torres-Rivas Ricardo Córdova Macías Kevin Casas Daniel Zovatto Published by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), the Organization of American States (OAS) and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) 2005 © Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) 1300 New York Avenue, NW Washington, D.C. 20577 © International IDEA © Organization of American States (OAS) © United Nations Development Program (UNDP) First Edition (in Spanish), May 2004 This publication can be requested from: IDB Bookstore 1300 New York Avenue, NW Washington, D.C. 20577 United States of America Tel. (202) 623-1753, Fax (202) 623-1709 1-877-782-7432 [email protected] www.iadb.org/pub The opinions expressed in this book are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Inter-American Development Bank, the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, the United Nations Development Program or the Organization of American States. ISBN: Printed by Compañía ABC Ediciones del Sur S.A. San José, Costa Rica, August 2005 2 A challenge for democracy Contents Introduction . 5 I. Bringing All Voices Together: The state of and prospects for political parties in Central America, Panama and the Dominican Republic Diego Achard and Luis E. González . 9 Foreword . 11 Executive summary . 13 Chapter 1 Introduction: Central American Political Parties . 19 Chapter 2. Party systems in the region . 27 Chapter 3. Institutional self-portraits . 45 Chapter 4. -
CSESII Parties and Leaders Original CSES Text Plus CCNER Additions (Highlighted)
CSESII Parties and Leaders Original CSES text plus CCNER additions (highlighted) =========================================================================== ))) APPENDIX I: PARTIES AND LEADERS =========================================================================== | NOTES: PARTIES AND LEADERS | | This appendix identifies parties active during a polity's | election and (where available) their leaders. | | Provided are the party labels for the codes used in the micro | data variables. Parties A through F are the six most popular | parties, listed in descending order according to their share of | the popular vote in the "lowest" level election held (i.e., | wherever possible, the first segment of the lower house). | | Note that in countries represented with more than a single | election study the order of parties may change between the two | elections. | | Leaders A through F are the corresponding party leaders or | presidential candidates referred to in the micro data items. | This appendix reports these names and party affiliations. | | Parties G, H, and I are supplemental parties and leaders | voluntarily provided by some election studies. However, these | are in no particular order. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- >>> PARTIES AND LEADERS: ALBANIA (2005) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 02. Party A PD Democratic Party Sali Berisha 01. Party B PS Socialist Party Fatos Nano 04. Party C PR Republican Party Fatmir Mediu 05. Party D PSD Social Democratic Party Skender Gjinushi 03. Party E LSI Socialist Movement for Integration Ilir Meta 10. Party F PDR New Democratic Party Genc Pollo 09. Party G PAA Agrarian Party Lufter Xhuveli 08. Party H PAD Democratic Alliance Party Neritan Ceka 07. Party I PDK Christian Democratic Party Nikolle Lesi 06. LZhK Movement of Leka Zogu I Leka Zogu 11. PBDNj Human Rights Union Party 12. Union for Victory (Partia Demokratike+ PR+PLL+PBK+PBL) 89. -
Globalising Democracy
1111 2 Globalising Democracy 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 2 3111 Globalising Democracy brings together expert contributors to explore the 4 intersection of two major contemporary themes: globalisation and the 5 contribution that both domestic party politics and international party aid, 6 in particular, make to democratisation. 7 This new volume clearly shows what globalisation means for domestic 8 and international efforts to build effective political parties and competi- 9 tive party systems in new and emerging democracies. Contrasting 20111 perspectives are presented through fresh case studies of European post- 1 communist countries, together with Turkey, which at first glance seem to 2 tell a positive story, and of sub-Saharan Africa, where the problems and 3 the challenges are more complex. The reader is clearly shown how inter- 4 national party assistance is one manifestation and vehicle of globalisation, 5 understood in the political sense: as the global convergence of a distinc- 6 tive set of (Western-derived) political values and institutions takes place. 7 This book also shows how globalisation assessed in terms of global 8 economic integration, the growth of global communications and the devel- 9 opment of multilevel (or polycentric) governance poses serious implications 30111 for party politics almost everywhere. Such themes are highly relevant to 1 how new and emerging democracies can find a set of party politics fit for 2 the purpose of improving and consolidating their respective systems. 3 This book will be of great interest to all students of globalisation, 4 governance, international relations and politics. 35 6 Peter Burnell is a Professor in the Department of Politics and International 7 Studies at the University of Warwick, UK. -
Beyond Dutch Borders: Transnational Politics Among Colonial Migrants, Guest Workers and the Second Generation Mügge, Liza
www.ssoar.info Beyond Dutch borders: transnational politics among colonial migrants, guest workers and the second generation Mügge, Liza Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Monographie / monograph Zur Verfügung gestellt in Kooperation mit / provided in cooperation with: OAPEN (Open Access Publishing in European Networks) Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Mügge, L. (2011). Beyond Dutch borders: transnational politics among colonial migrants, guest workers and the second generation. (IMISCoe Research). Amsterdam: Amsterdam Univ. Press. https://nbn-resolving.org/ urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-273603 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-NC-ND Lizenz This document is made available under a CC BY-NC-ND Licence (Namensnennung-Nicht-kommerziell-Keine Bearbeitung) zur (Attribution-Non Comercial-NoDerivatives). For more Information Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de IMISCOE RESEARCH Beyond Dutch Borders Transnational Politics among Colonial Migrants, Guest Workers and the Second Generation liza mgge A msterdam University Press Beyond Dutch Borders IMISCOE International Migration, Integration and Social Cohesion in Europe The IMISCOE Research Network unites researchers from, at present, 28 institutes specialising in studies of international migration, integration and social cohesion in Europe. What began in 2004 as a Network of Excellence sponsored by the Sixth Framework Programme of the European Commission has become, as of April 2009, an independent self-funding endeavour open to qualified researchers and research institutes worldwide. From the start, IMISCOE has promoted integrated, multidisciplinary and globally comparative research led by scholars from various branches of the economic and social sciences, the humanities and law. -
Electoral Reform and Parliamentary Debates
Electoral Reform and Parliamentary Debates Bjørn Høyland and Martin G. Søyland Department of Political Science University of Oslo November 12, 2015 Abstract Electoral rules matter for politics inside legislatures. In this paper, we investigate how parliamentary debates are affected by a change of the electoral system. More specifically, we investigate an electoral reform from a two-round plurality voting single member district system to a multimember proportional system, altered the composition of topics under discussion. We collected the complete record of minutes from the parliament 20 years before and after the reform. Using a structural topic model that group similar debates together into topics, we are able to investigate the causal effect of the electoral reform on the prevalence of topics debated in the parliament. We find that topics that gave individual MPs credit claiming opportunities were reduced as a result of the reform, while topics that distinguished between parties figured more prominently in the debates. 1 Introduction [P]olitical institutions affect legislative behavior because of the incentives they create for party leaders and backbenchers with regard to partisan dissent (Proksch and Slapin, 2015, 25). Since the seminal work of Cox (1987) on the development of cohesive legisla- tive parties in England, where he emphasize the increasing value of the party as an informational que for the electorate, political scientist have investigated how variation in the instittuional setting matters for legislative politics. Oftentimes, it is a series of minor institutional changes inside the legislature, in combination with a clearer party label the generate cohesive and effective parliamentary groups (Godbout and Høyland, forthcoming). -
International Party Assistance – What Do We Know About the Effects?
International party assistance – what do we know about the effects? Lars Svåsand University of Bergen Rapport 2014:03 till Expertgruppen för biståndsanalys (EBA) Acknowledgements: I thank the members of the reference group: Eva Lindström, Stefan Eriksson, Johan Norqvist, Helena Bjuremalm, Fredrik Uggla and Anne Mette Kjær, and the EBA secretariat staff members Sonja Daltung and Emma Öståker, for valuable comments on earlier drafts. The opinions expressed in the manuscript and any errors or mistakes are those of the author. “Building effective party structures is an endless task. Healthy organizations can and will adapt to changing circumstances” National Democratic Institute on twitter (accessed 07.10.14) This report can be downloaded free of charge at www.eba.se This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. ISBN: 978-91-88143-00-6 Printed by Elanders Sverige AB Stockholm 2014 Cover design by Julia Demchenko Table of contents Preface ............................................................................... 1 Sammanfattning .................................................................. 3 Summary ............................................................................ 6 1. Introduction .................................................................... 9 1.1 Democracy assistance and party assistance ............................... 10 1.2 Method, material and limitations ..............................................