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Your Unpublished Thesis, Submitted for a Degree at Williams College and Administered by the Williams College Libraries, Will Be Made Available for Research Use WILLIAMS COLLEGE LIBRARIES COPYRIGHT ASSIGNMENT AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR A STUDENT THESIS Your unpublished thesis, submitted for a degree at Williams College and administered by the Williams College Libraries, will be made available for research use. You may, through this form, provide instructions regarding copyright, access, dissemination and reproduction of your thesis. The College has the right in all cases to maintain and preserve theses both in hardcopy and electronic format, and to make such copies as the Libraries require for their research and archival functions. _ The faculty advisor/s to the student writing the thesis claims joint authorship in this work. _ !/we have included in this thesis copyrighted material for which !/we have not received permission from the copyright holder/s. If you do not secure copyright permissions by the time your thesis is submitted, you will still be allowed to submit. However, if the necessary copyright permissions are not received, e-posting of your thesis may be affected. Copyrighted material may include images (tables, drawings, photographs, figures,maps, graphs, etc.), sound files, video material, data sets, and large portions of text. I. COPYRIGHT An author by law owns the copyright to his/her work, whether or not a copyright symbol and date are placed on the piece. Please choose one of the options below with respect to the copyright in your thesis. I/we choose not to retain the copyright to the thesis, and hereby assign the copyright to Williams College. Selecting this option will assign copyright to the College. If the author/s wishes later to publish the work, he/she/they will need to obtain permission to do so from the Libraries, which will be granted except in unusual circumstances. The Libraries will be free in this case to also grant permission to another researcher to publish some or all of the thesis. If you have chosen this option, you do not need to complete the next section and can proceed to the signature line. v{;we choose to retain the copyright to the thesis for a period of lOO years, or until my/our deathls, whichever is the earlier, at which time the copyright shall be assigned to Williams College without need of further action by me/us or by my/our heirs, successors, or representatives of my/our estate/s. Selecting this option allows the author/s the flexibility of retaining his/her/their copyright for a period of years or for life. II. ACCESS AND COPYING If you have chosen in section I, above, to retain the copyright in your thesis for some period of time, please choose one of the following options with respect to access to, and copying of, the thesis. LUwe grant pennission to Williams College to provide access to (and therefore copying of) the thesis in electronic fonnat via the Internet or other means of electronic transmission, in addition to pennittingaccess to and copying of the thesis in hardcopy fonnat. Selecting this option allows the Libraries totransmit the thesis in electronic format via the Internet. This option will therefore permit worldwide access to the thesis and, because the Libraries cannot control the uses of an electronic version once it has been transmitted, this option also permits copying of the electronic version. _ I/we grant pennission to Williams College to maintain and provide access to the thesis in hardcopy fonnat. In addition, I/we grant pennission to Williams College to provide access to (and therefore copying of) the thesis in electronic fonnat via the Internet or other means of electronic transmission after a period of __ years. Selecting this option allows the Libraries to transmit the thesis in electronic format via the Internet after a period of years. Once the restriction period has ended, this option permits worldwide access to the thesis, and copying of the electronic and hardcopy versions. _ I/we grant pennission to Williams College to maintain, provide access to, and provide copies of the thesis in hardcopy fonnat only, for as long as I/we retain copyright. Selectingthis option allows access to your work only from the hardcopy you submit for as long as you retain copyright in the work. Such access pertains to the entirety of your work, including any media that it incorporates. Selecting this option allows the Libraries to provide copies of the thesis to researchers in hardcopy form only, not in electronic format. _ Uwe grant pennission to Williams College to maintain andto provide access to the thesis in hardcopy fonnat only, for as long as Uwe retain copyright. Selecting this option allows access to your work only from the hardcopy you submit for as long as you retain copyright in the work. Such access pertains to the entirety of your work, including any media that it incorporates. This option does NOT permit the Libraries to provide copies of the thesis to researchers. Signed (student author). Signed (faculty advisor) Signed (2d advisor, if applicable) ------------------ Thesis title cR.: o+er..s;, 61 Heroes I Vi<.:+1M>,J Date >'"/I 0 J r ' ).oI� RIOTERS, VICTIMS, OR HEROES: TRANSFORMING NARRATIVES ABOUT THE GWANGJU UPRISING by SUNGIKYANG Professor Eiko Maruko Siniawer, Advisor A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts with Honors in History WILLIAMS COLLEGE Williamstown, Massachusetts April 15, 2013 I I Table of Contents Acknowledgements i Introduction 1 I. Calling Murder by Some Other Name: Official Narratives of Gwangju Pre-Democratization 19 II. Victims and Resistance: Unofficial Narratives About the Gwangju Uprising Before 1987 55 III. Vanguishing the Past: Official Narratives About the Gwangju Uprising After 1987 89 IV. The Gwangju Spirit: Unofficial Narratives After 1987 122 Conclusion 169 Bibliography 175 I I I I I Acknowledgements I have aspired since childhood to write papers on topics few people really care about. With this thesis, I am one step closer to achieving that dream. Without the following people, however, I would never have made it even this far. First, I cannot thank my advisor ProfessorEiko Maruko Siniawer enough for her guidance throughout this entire process. Her endless patience in dealing with my procrastination, my perplexing word choice, and my repetitive and redundant and unnecessarily wordy writing style has been awe-inspiring. Her incisive comments have always kept me on my toes and forced me to dig deeper in my analyses. She has taught me more about history and the writing of it than anyone else fromthe day I timidly walked into her class on U.S.-Japanese relations during my freshman fall, and I will always be indebted to her. I would like to thank other professors for their input and overall guidance.Professor Tom Kohut used his droll wit and optimism to provide a very relaxing atmospherefor the thesis seminar and was instrumental in easing the pressure on us. Professor Alexandra Garbarini cheerfully answered whatever questions I had about the topic of collective memory, and her tutorial on Holocaust memory was incredibly helpful in preparing me for this thesis. I would also like to thank Professor Jim Mahon, Professor Sam Crane, and the other members of the incredible faculty of Williams for indelibly shaping my intellectual growth. I would also like to thank my friends for their kindness, humor, and sympathy, which never wavered throughout this ordeal. I have been burdensome with my complaints, terrible jokes, and conversation tangents, yet they have always been there for me. But I also have bad news for them: I will never stop rambling on about Korean history and how they should all read up on it. (It's a fascinating subject!) Finally, I thank my family for their love and support my entire life. My sister and mother have always found a way to overcome challenges and enjoy life to the fullest, and I hope that I can follow their example someday. I would like to give a special thanks to my father. Although he disapproved of my thesis topic at first, since then, he has constantly supported me and helped me as I wrote the thesis. Without the many sources he found and sent to me, I would have been at a loss to continue the project. Thank you for believing in me and encouraging me to pursue my dreams, Dad. ii Introduction I would like to start with a personal story of mine regarding this project. I had been keenly interested in Korean history for most of my life, an interest my father fully supported. It was a given that my thesis project would thus be about some aspect of Korean history. It took me a long time for me to decide upon Gwangju, but when I did, I dutifully emailed my father, in English, about wanting to research and write about the 1 "Gwangju Massacre." The next day, he called me and told me he had reservations about my project. I asked him why, and he said just by looking at the email title - "Gwangju Massacre" - he could tell that I had been influenced by biased sources and that perhaps I should not tackle such a controversial topic until I had read more Korean history. Why not write about a more benign topic which might actually benefit Korea in the future­ say, German reunification? Being the stubborn mule that I am, his disapproval only made me want to write about Gwangju even more (a decision I do not regret). Nevertheless, this episode brought home to me just how the topic of the Gwangju Uprising is, over thirty years later, still enormously contentious and emotionally charged, and how even one word can make all the difference in letting people know what you think of it.
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