WEATHERHEAD CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

1737 CAMBRIDGE STREET

CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 phone (617) 495-4420 fax (617) 495-8292 http://data.fas.harvard.edu/cfia

Annual Report WEATHERHEAD CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS HARVARD UNIVERSITY 1999•2000

HARVARD UNIVERSITY TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION 3 People 4 Research Activities 5 Weatherhead Initiative in International Affairs 10 Library 10 Finances 10 RESEARCH AND SEMINAR PROGRAMS 13 Africa 13 Asia 13 Canada and U.S.-Canada Relations 14 Communist and Postcommunist Countries 18 Comparative Politics 18 Director’s Seminar 19 Ethics and International Relations 19 Ethnicity and Nationalism 20 Europe 20 Fellows Program 21 Global Communications and International Relations 30 International and Area Studies 31 International Conflict Analysis and Resolution 35 International Environmental Affairs 38 Japan and U.S.-Japan Relations 38 Middle East 44 Nonviolent Sanctions and Cultural Survival 46 Performance of Democracy 48 Political Economy 51 Project on Justice in Times of Transition 55 South Asia 60 Strategic Studies 61 Student Programs 66 Transnational Security 71 U.S. Foreign Policy 73 SPECIAL CONFERENCES, LECTURES, 75 AND SEMINARS PUBLICATIONS 80 ADMINISTRATION 93 Visiting Committee 93 Executive Committee 93 International Advisory Committee 94 Staff 95

CONTENTS 1999/2000 1

WEATHERHEAD CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

1999-2000 THE CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS WAS FOUNDED IN 1958. In the spring of 1998 it was renamed the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs in gratitude for the magnificent endowment established by Albert and Celia Weatherhead and the Weatherhead Foundation. The Center is the largest international research center within Harvard University’s Faculty of Arts and Sciences. The core interests of the Weatherhead Center are broadly defined to encompass research on international, transnational, and comparative topics (both contemp- orary and historical) and include rigorous policy analysis as well as the study of specific countries and regions besides the United States. The Center is structured to encourage the highest practical level of personal and intellectual interaction among a diverse community of scholars and practitioners. It is distinctive in its recognition that knowledge is a product not only of individual academic research, but also of vigorous, sustained intellectual dialogue among scholars and nonacademic experts. To stimulate this dialogue, the Center sponsors a wide array of seminars, research programs, workshops, and conferences. These activities encourage interaction among resident affiliates and involve a wide variety of scholars, government and military officials, corporate executives and practitioners from around the world. The Weatherhead Center is composed of diverse research communities, including faculty from all ranks, graduate and undergraduate students principally at the dissertation or senior thesis stages, visiting scholars, and nonacademic Fellows. The faculty and students come from many departments and nearly all schools of the University. It is part of the Center’s mission to support and connect work conducted throughout the University on the affairs of other countries and cultures. Faculty research defines the fundamental activities of the Center and orients its priorities. The specific research activities and programs of the Center respond to faculty initiative, and they change as the faculty is renovated and as research priorities shift. The Center is structured, therefore, to maximize a capacity for responding flexibly and swiftly to scholarly initiative. The Weatherhead Center also supports the research of graduate students from various schools of the University. The Center houses and helps finance the work of dozens of graduate students every year. The Center awards many grants to under-graduates to conduct field research for their senior theses in various countries. The results of Center research are made available to the public policy community through books, working papers, articles, reports, seminars and lectures, as well as through the personal participation of Center members in policy planning and decision-making in governments and institutions outside the University. The Center is headed by a faculty director who is assisted by an executive director. An executive committee, primarily composed of senior Harvard faculty involved in Center- sponsored programs, provides guidance on matters of substance and policy. Professor Jorge I. Domínguez, Clarence Dillon Professor of International Affairs, continued as director of the Center. James A. Cooney continued as executive director. The Center’s offices are located in Coolidge Hall, on the Harvard University campus in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 3 PEOPLE research interests with the benefits of The most important resource at the Center is interaction with other Center members and to the diverse group of people affiliated with it. have access to the extensive library system and In addition to the small permanent staff, 237 other resources of Harvard University. faculty members, visiting scholars, practitioners, Postdoctoral Fellows and students were associated with the Center for the 1999-2000 academic year, representing The Center provides research affiliations for approximately 35 nationalities. recent doctoral degree recipients pursuing research in areas relevant to Weatherhead Faculty Center programs. For the 1999-2000 academic Senior and junior members of the Harvard year, postdoctoral fellowships went to scholars faculty form the intellectual core of the Center. conducting research on strategic and national In addition to its fifteen resident faculty security studies, international and area studies, members, the Center has a broad network of transnational security, a comparison of U.S. faculty from many disciplines and schools and Japanese electronics industries, and U.S.- within Harvard who regularly contribute to Japan trade policy. the development and administration of Associates research programs and activities. The Center is also the locus of endowed professorships in Center associates include individuals from international affairs, international economics, outside Harvard who are active in WCFIA national security and military affairs, and research programs and seminars. Canadian studies. The Center’s faculty Graduate Students associates, numbering 99 for 1999-2000, may apply for Center research funds and fellowships. The Center annually supports selected doctoral candidates writing research dissertations by Fellows providing them with office space, computer Each year, the Center’s Fellows Program invites support, modest funding for travel, and access approximately twenty senior diplomats, military to the Center’s programs and activities. officers, journalists, politicians, and other Harvard students participate through the nonacademic professionals active in the field Graduate Student Associate Program. In 1999- of international affairs to spend a year at the 2000, the Center supported graduate student Center in advanced study, research, and associates from the Departments of Sociology, writing. This group, which is typically drawn Government, History, Economics, Public from some fifteen countries, constitutes an Policy, and Anthropology, as well as the important and direct link with the contemp- Committee on Political Economy and orary realities of global politics and provides Government. Students from other institutions the Center with the unique perspectives of also received Weatherhead Center-sponsored nonacademic practitioners. research fellowships for work in strategic and national security studies, international and Visiting Scholars area studies, and transnational security. In The Center provides research affiliations for addition, the Center received grants from the academics on leave from institutions outside of Mellon and MacArthur foundations to support Harvard, enabling them to pursue their the work of several doctoral candidates. Undergraduate Students INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS The Center supports the activities of the Ethics and International Relations. A seminar Weatherhead Center Student Council, which on ethics and international relations meets works to bridge the Center and the Harvard regularly to discuss philosophical issues in undergraduate community. The Center also international affairs. offers travel grants to undergraduates doing Global Communications and International research for their senior honors theses. In Relations. Co-sponsored by the Program on 1999-2000, fifteen undergraduates received Information Resources Policy at Harvard this support. University, this seminar explores the impact of communication and information technology Staff on global security and economic, political, and The Weatherhead Center staff includes 35 cultural relations. individuals. A core administrative staff Globalization and Culture. Participants in oversees financial matters, publications, the Globalization and Culture Seminar are an conference organization, personnel, and other interdisciplinary group of faculty, research administrative issues. In addition, professional associates, and graduate students. Seminars and support staff manage the administrative address issues related to the apparent emergence affairs of each Weatherhead Center program. of global cultures. RESEARCH ACTIVITIES International Environmental Affairs. This is an interdisciplinary joint research seminar Weatherhead Center research is conducted with the Belfer Center for Science and Inter- through a wide range of activities. In addition national Affairs at Harvard’s Kennedy School to the six programs at the Center, numerous of Government. topical and regional seminar series and working groups meet throughout the year. The Center National Security and Strategic Studies. also sponsors and co-sponsors many conferences, Much of the work on national security at the most of which take place at Harvard. The Center is conducted under the auspices of the Center’s Annual Talloires Conference takes John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies, place at the Tufts Conference Center in which was created as an entity within the Talloires, France. The Center also awards Center in July 1989 with funds from the John faculty research grants for travel and activities M. Olin Foundation, the Lynde and Harry in connection with individual projects. An Bradley Foundation, and Steve Forbes. This overview of the 1999-2000 research activities program conducts basic research on crucial follows. topics of security and strategy with a view to illuminating the security problems facing the Research Activities, Programs, and United States and its allies. Regular seminars Seminar Series are held on national security and strategy and The Center’s current research programs fall arms control; smaller seminar series are held into four broad categories—international on economics and national security, the relations, regional studies, prospects for Middle East, and civil-military relations. domestic peace and democracy, and political Transnational Security. Created in 1995, the economy. In addition, research is conducted MacArthur Transnational Security Project is within the Fellows Program and the various jointly run by the Weatherhead Center and the student programs.

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 5 Center for International Studies at MIT and discussion has focused on Japan’s expanding focuses on the theme of personal and group international role in the fields of development, security and transnational society. Working environmental protection, energy, and security. Group I (Violence, Religion, and The Center also sponsors seminar series on Reconciliation) meets monthly and sponsors several regions and countries: Africa, Canada two predoctoral fellows. and U.S.-Canada relations, the Middle East, U.S. Foreign Policy. The Center hosts a U.S. and South Asia. foreign policy seminar that has been meeting continuously since 1974. Although not PROSPECTS FOR DOMESTIC PEACE organized into a formal research program, AND DEMOCRACY each year many scholars at the Center examine Communist and Postcommunist Countries. issues concerning U.S. foreign policy and its This faculty seminar examines how communist implications. In addition, the Global and postcommunist countries have responded Communications and International Relations to a set of similar challenges to their political Seminar (mentioned above) often touches on legitimacy. issues concerning communication technologies Ethnicity and Nationalism. The faculty in foreign policy. working group is a university-wide, cross- disciplinary effort that brings together REGIONAL STUDIES anthropologists, historians, political scientists, Europe. The Weatherhead Center has placed sociologists, social psychologists and scholars increasing emphasis on European activities, of law and religion. It is also interregional, ranging from undergraduate study groups, to including specialists on Europe, Asia, the conferences, to the ongoing European Union Middle East and Africa, as well as the Americas. seminar series. The Center is an active The issue areas covered in the seminar have participant in Harvard’s European Union included explorations of ethnic and national Center, and it works closely with the Kennedy identities, forms of citizenship and membership, School of Government, the Law School, and and international migration and globalization. the Center for European Studies to coordinate International Conflict Analysis and Europe-related events. Resolution. The Program on International International and Area Studies. The Center Conflict Analysis and Resolution works to administers the Harvard Academy for advance the understanding of international International and Area Studies. The Academy and interethnic conflicts and to develop provides significant fellowship support to a problem-solving processes. small group of exceptional young scholars who Nonviolent Sanctions and Cultural Survival. are able to combine disciplinary excellence in The Program on Nonviolent Sanctions and the social sciences with a strong regional focus Cultural Survival studies situations of conflict of application. in order to better understand their nature and U.S.-Japan. The primary purpose of the the capabilities of nonviolent actions in Program on U.S.-Japan Relations is to bring support of human rights and civil liberties. Japanese and U.S. researchers together to work Performance of Democracy. The Research on critical issues in relations between these two Workshop on the Performance of Democracy countries. In the 1990s, much research and focuses on both the challenges and problems of existing democracies and the transition to Research Workshop on Positive democracy. Several faculty members work Political Economy. This year-long graduate directly with Harvard graduate students, and seminar encourages cross-disciplinary research the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences and excellence in graduate training. Political provides funding. economy is a research tradition that explores Project on Justice in Times of Transition. The how political and economic outcomes reflect Project is an interfaculty program of Harvard choices constrained by institutions, as well as University under the auspices of the Law the way in which specific institutions affect School, the John F. Kennedy School of change more generally. Government, and the Faculty of Arts and Seminar on International Economics. The Sciences (as represented by the Weatherhead seminar on International Economics covers a Center for International Affairs). The Seminar broad spectrum of very recent theoretical and examines the specific challenges and issues in empirical research on international trade, post-conflict countries implementing recent capital markets, and monetary arrangements. peace agreements. Examples of recent topics include the benefits of a common currency, new open-economy POLITICAL ECONOMY macroeconomics, the political economy of Five groups worked in the area of political trade and income distribution, political budget economy during the 1999-2000 academic year: cycles in open-economy economies, financial an informal faculty discussion group on crises, and direct foreign investment in China. political economy; the MacArthur Working Transnational Security. Created in 1995, the Group on International Economic Security; MacArthur Transnational Security Project is the Research Group on the Political Economy jointly run by the Weatherhead Center and of International Finance; the Research the Center for International Studies at MIT Workshop on Positive Political Economy; and and focuses on the theme of personal and the Seminar on International Economics. group security and transnational society. Faculty Discussion Group on Political Working Group II (International Economic Economy. This group convenes weekly to Security) meets monthly and sponsors two discuss a previously distributed paper on a predoctoral fellows. wide range of subjects related to political economy. Faculty from the Department of Conferences Government, Economics, the Harvard Law Twelve conferences were sponsored or School, the Kennedy School of Government, co-sponsored by the Weatherhead Center and from other Boston area academic during the 1999-2000 academic year. institutions attend the discussions. “Allied Force or Forced Allies? Alliance Politics Research Group on the Political Economy of in Canada and Europe from the End of the International Finance. The Research Group Cold War to Kosovo” (see Canada Seminar on the Political Economy of International section). Finance (PEIF) is a joint activity of the “Fellows’ Alumni Conference and Reunion” Weatherhead Center and the Center for (see Fellows Program section). German and European Studies (CGES) of the University of California.

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 7 “Conference on Global Perspectives on Civil An author workshop for a manuscript entitled Society in Japan” (see U.S.-Japan Problems of Decentralized Cooperation in Relations section). Contemporary Policymaking. “Institutional Design, Dispute Settlement, and –Pepper Culpepper International Trade” (see Special A research survey on “Attitudes towards Conferences, Lectures, and Seminars International Relations in Beijing.” section). –Iain Johnston “Korea: Its International and Comparative Research on “Soviet Use of Military Force in Contexts” (see Special Conferences, International Crises.” Lectures, and Seminars section). –Celeste Wallander “Labor Protest and Other Collective Strategies Book indexing and graduate student support. of Worker Resistance in the Age of Neo- –Grzegorz Ekiert Liberalism” (see Special Conferences, Indexing and proofreading for forthcoming Lectures, and Seminars section). book, Democratic Commitments: “Making Big Choices: Individual Opinion Legislatures and International Cooperation. Formation and Societal Choices” (see –Lisa Martin Canada Seminar section). Research on “The Politics of Bad Government “PICAR: Adventures in Track II Diplomacy” Around the World.” (see Special Conferences, Lectures, and –Florencio Lopez de Silanes Seminars section). Publication of a presentation on “Policy “Political Economy of International Finance Consequences of Officials’ Misconduct (PEIF) Meeting” (see Political Economy in Office.” section). –Susan Pharr “PONSACS: Indigenous/Tribal Sovereignty Editing assistance for a Trilateral Democracies and Plural Ethnic States” (see Special Project publication. Conferences, Lectures, and Seminars –Robert Putnam section). A seminar series on international economics. “Talloires–European Security: Where is the –Kenneth Rogoff Threat?” (see Special Conferences, A preliminary conference as a planning session Lectures, and Seminars section). for a conference and an edited volume on “Relations between Indigenous Peoples and Interwar Strategic Planning. States in Contemporary Latin America” (see –Monica Toft and the John M. Olin Institute Special Conferences, Lectures, and for Strategic Studies Seminars section). Research for a book manuscript entitled The Other African Americans. Travel and Research Grants –J. Lorand Matory Fourteen faculty members received Weatherhead Weatherhead Initiative Planning Grant for Center travel or individual research grants for: initial session on “Ethnic and Religious Conflict: Paths to Peace.” –David Little A dinner series held in conjunction with a one-semester Faculty Research Fellowship for a seminar series on “Reform of the the academic year 1999-2000 with which he Welfare State.” completed research on transnational advocacy –Janos Kornai alliances lobbying the multilateral develop- Author workshop for a manuscript entitled ment banks and international dam-building Politics in Time: Exploring the Temporal consortia on behalf of people adversely Dimensions of Political Processes. affected by the building of high dams. –Paul Pierson Focusing on the campaign against high dams is a way of understanding both the potential Faculty Research Leaves and the limitations to some of the new and Marc Busch, faculty associate and associate expanding lines of communication and professor of government and of social studies, political influence that have evolved over the received a one-semester Faculty Research past decade. This focus also examines the Fellowship for the academic year 1999-2000 importance of the campaign against high dams with which he completed a book draft on the in a changing world order and considers their study of dispute resolution in international effects on local lives. The results of this research trade. This book sheds light on the “forum- were published in an article on transnational shopping” trend, which is all but ignored in advocacy networks and their role in the international institutions literature. Forum- formation and work of the World Commission shopping is the practice of picking the “right” on Dams. court before which to plead a case; the Lisa Martin, faculty associate and professor motivation being that differences in code or in of government, received a one-semester jury pools, for example, may give plaintiffs an Faculty Research Fellowship for the academic edge in one jurisdiction over another. At the year 1999-2000 with which she conducted international level there are many options for empirical research on the effects of inter- dispute resolution institutions. national institutions on state behavior. This Paul Pierson, faculty associate and professor of project will extend and redirect research on government, received a one-semester Faculty international institutions, developing a more Research Fellowship for the academic year concrete sense of the mechanisms by which 1999-2000 with which he completed a they influence state behavior, a procedure for manuscript on issues at the intersection measuring their effects, and a new framework of history and the social sciences and for understanding their overall impact on concerns central to scholars in the fields patterns of institutional politics. The conceptual of international relations and comparative politics. The manuscript is entitled Politics in shift is from empirical studies that have Time: Path Dependence, Sequences and Time concentrated on the impact of international Horizons in Political Life, and it demonstrates institutions on cooperation among states to the significance of a range of temporal considering what conditions lead to processes in politics and improves the ways convergence or divergence of state behavior. in which social scientists investigate them. William Fisher, faculty associate and associate professor of anthropology, received

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 9 WEATHERHEAD INITIATIVE IN to Harvard's High Speed Data Network or INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS the Internet. During the 1999-2000 academic year, the The Weatherhead Center Library facilitates Weatherhead Center launched the access to the Internet for the Center's research Weatherhead Initiative in International Affairs, community. The Center’s homepage one of the most exciting and creative (http://data.fas.harvard.edu/cfia) includes links programs resulting from the Weatherhead to programs within the Weatherhead Center family’s generous gift in 1998. The first and other centers in Coolidge Hall, as well as recipients are Professors Gary King from the links to resources throughout Harvard, the Government Department and Chris Murray United States, and the world that are of from the School of Public Health for their interest to the international relations research proposal, “Military Conflict as a Public Health community. In addition, the Web site makes Problem.” The project links the fields available the Center's weekly calendar and of public health, international relations, and abstracts of Weatherhead Center working statistical methodology as it examines the papers. Lastly, the library Web page offers tips benefits of treating military conflict as a public on searching, library policy information, and health problem. The Weatherhead Initiative schedule and hours, as well as electronic book Selection Committee, chaired by former renewal for Weatherhead Center Library Harvard President Derek Bok, described the books. proposal as “a large and venturesome project The Weatherhead Center Library is located that seeks to redefine academic fields and is in the basement of Coolidge Hall along with genuinely interdisciplinary.” the libraries of the Center for Middle Eastern Studies, the Fairbank Center for East Asian LIBRARY Research, the Documentation Center for The Library at the Weatherhead Center for Contemporary Japan, and the Davis Center International Affairs supports the Center's for Russian Research. current research needs, primarily through the library's journal collection, but also as an FINANCES entrance to the vast Harvard library system. The Weatherhead Center librarian works to Contributors direct patrons to the most appropriate The Center wishes to acknowledge the support collections of the more than ninety libraries of all contributors. In addition to those listed at Harvard, as well as to libraries not a part below, there are several donors who wish to of Harvard. remain anonymous. Records for the Weatherhead Center Akiyama Aiseikan library's 6,000 volumes and 80-plus journals Foundation for Better Corporate Citizenship are available on HOLLIS (Harvard's online public catalog), which contains records for Frank Boas most of Harvard's libraries, providing access Fondation Bogette to millions of titles. Access to the database is Robert Bosch Foundation available via the many HOLLIS terminals located throughout the library system, or BP Amoco from any home or office computer linked Bradley Foundation Carnegie Corporation Norwottock Charitable Trust Carthage Foundation John M. Olin Foundation Dillon Fund Sir Michael Palliser Center of Excellence in Disaster Management Eduardo Quintero and Humanitarian Assistance Adele Simmons Luise Druke Smith Richardson Foundation Robert S. Drysdale Julian M. Sobin Carl Duisberg Society State Street Global Advisors Myron and Stefanie Erkiletian Dr. John Tanton Irene D. Field John Templeton Foundation Fleet Bank Templeton Foundation Forbes Inc. Fritz Thyssen Foundation Ford Foundation United States Dept. of Defense Richard S. and Linda N. Friedman United States Institute of Peace Sadio Garavini Virtual Research Associates, Inc. Hewlett Foundation Weatherhead Foundation Diego Hidalgo Japan Foundation Center for Global Partnership Japan-US Friendship Commission Graham F. Kear Sidney R. Knafel Ira Kukin Herbert Levin Ambassador Michael Libal Laura M. Lipetz John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Mellon Foundation Foundation for Middle East Peace Monitor Co., Inc. Norfolk Foundation North Shore Foundation Northrop Grumman Corp. Government of Norway

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 11 FINANCIAL SUMMARY

INCOME Endowments $1,739,282 Research Programs Gifts, Fees, and Grants $2,187,753 Workshops, Corporate Associates, Seminars $ 86,658 Government Grants and Contracts $ 134,216 Other Fees and Support from FAS $ 15,167 Interest and Transfers from Reserves $ 0 Total Income $ 4,163,076

EXPENSES Fellows Program $ 246,785 Program on Nonviolent Sanctions and Cultural Survival $ 263,780 Program on U.S.-Japan Relations $ 269,471 Olin Institute $ 753,597 Program on International Conflict Analysis and Resolution $ 137,389 Canada Program $ 67,125 MacArthur Transnational Security Program $ 98,175 Thyssen, Bosch, and Mellon Fellowships $ 57,654 Academy Scholars Program and Conferences $ 497,616 Student Programs $ 140,071 Library $ 64,610 Publications $ 119,236 Visiting Scholars/Associates $ 2,932 Information Technology $ 180,746 Administration Personnel $ 463,765 Space, Maintenance, Infrastructure $ 71,585 Center Functions, Travel, Consultants, Phones, Supplies, Misc. $ 93,791 Sponsored Research Programs $ 176,532 Support for Faculty Research, Conferences, Workshops & Seminars $ 386,737 Total Expenses $4,091,597 BALANCE $ 71,479 RESEARCH AND SEMINAR PROGRAMS AFRICA March 23 The Weatherhead Center fosters research on “Political Business Cycles, Democratization, Africa through its co-sponsorship with the and Economic Reform: The Case of Africa,” Harvard Institute for International Development Steve Block, consultant to the World Bank of the WCFIA/HIID Joint Seminar on Africa. and USAID; associate professor of The seminar brings scholars of Africa to international economics, Fletcher School Harvard to present papers on contemporary of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University. developments in the region’s economic and political affairs. Meeting monthly, the seminar April 18 attracts faculty, students, and others interested in “South Africa Today: The End of the Africa from Harvard and the larger Boston area. Rainbow?” Irina Filatova, professor of WCFIA/HIID Joint Seminar on Africa history at the University of Durban- Westville, South Africa; former professor Chairs: Robert Bates (fall), Malcolm of African history, Moscow State McPherson (spring) University; and R.W. Johnson, director October 14 of the Helen Suzman Foundation, “Impact of Improved Water-Supply Johannesburg, South Africa; emeritus Systems on Small Enterprises: Evidence Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. from Uganda,” Jeffry Vincent,lecturer on economics and public policy, Harvard ASIA University; program director, Harvard Institute for International Development. Asia Food Security Seminar November 18 In 1999-2000, the Weatherhead Center and Harvard Asia Center co-hosted three seminars “The Impact of Institutions on Growth in on topics related to food security in Asia. This Africa,” Karen Ferree and Smita Singh, seminar was chaired by Weatherhead Associate Ph.D. Candidates, Department of Rob Paarlberg and funded by a grant from the Government, Harvard University. Rockefeller Foundation. February 17 October 19 “The Big 4—Malaria, Pneumonia, “Do Multinational Companies Help Fix Diarrhea, and HIV/AIDS: The ARCH Food Problems in Asia?” Carl E. Pray, Project's Research Program in Africa,” professor of agricultural economics, Jonathan Simon, director of the Health, Rutgers University. Education and Social Development Group, Harvard Institute for International December 9 Development. “NGOs as Innovators in Asian and African Food Security,” Norman Uphoff, March 2 professor of government; director of “Human Rights, Oil, and West Africa: An Cornell International Institute for Food Emphasis on Chad,” Peter Rosenblum, and Agricultural Development. lecturer on law; project director, the Human Rights Program, Harvard Law School. ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 13 May 4 October 4 “Normal Trade With China: Implications “Constitutional Renewal and Canadian for Food Security in Asia and for Federalism: Myths and Reality,” Daniel Agriculture in the United States,” August Turp, Bloc Québeçois opposition critic Schumacher, Jr., United States under for Intergovernmental Affairs, Canadian secretary of Agriculture. House of Commons. October 13 CANADA AND “Federalism: A Question of Leadership,” U.S.-CANADA RELATIONS Hon. Jean Charest, leader of the official In 1999-2000 the Mackenzie King Visiting opposition in the Québec National Associate Professor of Canadian Studies was Assembly and leader of the Québec Pierre Martin, who also held an appointment Liberal Party. as Visiting Associate Professor in the October 25 Government Department. Pierre Martin is “Designed to Fail: The Institutional Associate Professor of Political Science at the Politics of Constitutional Renewal in Université de Montréal. In the fall term, the Canada,” Christopher Manfredi, Canada Seminar explored the theme of professor of political science, McGill constitutional renewal in Canada, while University. (Co-sponsored by the Center various issues were addressed during the for Basic Research in the Social Sciences.) spring term. In addition to the seminar, the Mackenzie King Chair sponsored a conference November 8 on NATO alliance politics in the fall term and “Achieving the Impossible: A a conference on opinion formation and major Multinational Canada,” Kenneth political choices in the spring term. McRoberts, professor of political science Canada Seminar and principal of Glendon College, York University, Toronto; president-elect of the The Harvard Canada Seminar examines Canadian Political Science Association. Canadian economic, social, cultural and political issues, both in their domestic and February 7 international dimensions. Presentations are “Globalization and Cultural Diversity: made by public figures, scholars, artists, and by What Does Québec Want?” Louise experts in various fields. The Canada Seminar Beaudoin, minister of International provides the Harvard faculty and students, as Relations and minister responsible for the well as the broader community, with a window implementation of the Charter of the on Canadian scholarly and public life. It seeks French Language, Québec. (Co-sponsored to enhance the understanding of the closest by the Globalization and Culture Seminar, ally and largest trading partner of the United Weatherhead Center.) States, and to provide a forum for a lively exchange of ideas on a wide range of issues. February 28 “Did the ‘Best’ Party Win? Party Positions and the Vote in the 1997 Canadian Election,” André Blais, professor of political science, Université de Montréal; September 30 principal investigator, 1997 Canadian Welcome and Introductory Remarks by Pierre Election Study. (Co-sponsored by the Martin, Harvard University; and Jorge I. Center for Basic Research in the Social Domínguez, director, Weatherhead Center Sciences.) Introductory Session: Lessons from the Kosovo March 6 Crisis “The Future of Hockey,” Ken Dryden, Chair: Pierre Martin,Harvard University president, Toronto Maple Leafs Hockey Speaker: The Honourable Art Eggleton, Club; member of the Hockey Hall of Fame. minister of National Defence, Canada, September 30-October 1, 1999 “Canadian Lessons from the Kosovo Crisis.” Allied Force or Forced Allies? Alliance Politics Discussants: David Haglund, Queen's in Canada and Europe from the End of the University; and Stanley Hoffmann, Cold War to Kosovo Harvard University Sponsored by the Weatherhead Center for Session I: The U.S. and its Allies in the Midst of International Affairs; Research Group in Crisis International Security (REGIS), Université de Montréal and McGill University; and the Chair: James A. Cooney, executive director, European Union Center, Harvard University. We ath erhead Cente r Chairs: Pierre Martin, Mackenzie King Speaker: Charles Kupchan, Georgetown Visiting Associate Professor of Canadian University; director of European Studies, Studies, Harvard University; associate Council on Foreign Relations, “U.S. Foreign professor of political science, Université de Policy Towards the Alliance.” Montréal; and Mark Brawley, professor of Speaker: David Haglund, Queen's University, political science; director, Research Group “Allied Force or Forced Allies? The Allies’ in International Security, McGill University. Perspective.” This conference brought together academic Discussant: Daniel Bon, director general of specialists and policymakers to reflect on the Policy Planning, Department of National significance of the Kosovo crisis from the point Defence, Canada of view of alliance politics in NATO. The crisis October 1 over Kosovo brings to the fore important Session II: Alliance Politics, Security Institutions issues for Canadian and European foreign and the Nature of New Threats to Euro- policies. What range of autonomy does U.S. Atlantic Security leadership leave for allied countries? What may Chair: Lawrence Broz, Harvard University be the lessons of the crisis over Kosovo from the point of view of "alliance followers"? What Speaker: Stephen Walt, Kennedy School of are the lessons to be drawn from the crisis Government, Harvard University, “NATO’s about the articulation of the various Future (In Theory).” components of the so-called architecture of Speaker: S. Neil MacFarlane, Oxford University, European security? Participants discussed these “Challenges to Euro-Atlantic Security.” questions from the often neglected perspective Speaker: Alan Henrikson, Fletcher School of of alliance followers. Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, “The

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 15 Legal and Institutional Framework of Euro- Commons; Université de Montréal; and Atlantic Security.” Neil MacFarlane, Oxford University Discussant: Jonathan Day, Weatherhead Center General Discussion and Closing Remarks by Fellow; former director of Defence Policy, Pierre Martin, Harvard University; and Ministry of Defence, United Kingdom Mark Brawley, McGill University Session III: Case Studies in Alliance Politics I May 25-26, 2000 Chair: Mark Brawley, McGill University Making Big Choices: Individual Opinion Speaker: Anne Deighton, Oxford University, Formation and Societal Choices “The European Union and Kosovo: Towards Sponsored by the Weatherhead Center for the Glass Ceiling?” International Affairs, and the Center for Basic Research in the Social Sciences, Harvard Speaker: Alexander MacLeod, Université du University. Québec à Montréal, “Redefining European Security: France and the Kosovo Crisis.” Chairs: Pierre Martin, Mackenzie King Visiting Associate Professor of Canadian Speaker: Peter Rudolf, Stiftung Wissenschaft Studies, Harvard University; associate und Politik, Ebenhausen and Berlin, professor of political science, Université de “Germany and the Kosovo Conflict.” Montréal; and Richard Nadeau, professor Discussants: George Ross, Brandeis University; of political science, Université de Montréal director of the European Union Center, This conference was about how ordinary Center for European Studies, Harvard people make extraordinary political choices University (France and EU); and David that have the potential to transform a society Haglund, Queen’s University (Germany) in a fundamental way. The cases that exemplify Session IV: Case Studies in Alliance Politics II this kind of decision include: the choice faced Chair: Marc Busch, Harvard University by the citizens of Québec to vote, or take an explicit stand, for or against sovereignty; Speaker: Louise Richardson, Harvard citizen support for European integration and University, “United Kingdom.” monetary unification; voting in the Speaker: Kim Richard Nossal, McMaster referendum on devolution in Scotland; University; and Stéphane Roussel, support for independence in Scotland and Université de Montréal, “Canada.” Catalonia; the May 1998 referendum on the Good Friday peace accord in Ireland; the Speaker: Milada Vachudova, Harvard referendum on independence in East Timor; University; Fellow, EU Center of New York, the decision by Canadians to support or Columbia University, “The Atlantic Alliance oppose free trade with the United States in and The Kosovo Crisis: The Impact of 1988. This list is not exhaustive and could Enlargement and the Behavior of New Allies.” broadly include any choice that is real, Speaker: Maurizio Cremasco, Istituto Affari fundamental, and salient. Unlike routine Internazionali, Rome, “Italy and the electoral choices in which voters have to Management of International Crises” choose among candidates who campaign on a (Maurizio Cremasco was not present; a range of issues for temporary office, “big summary of the paper was read). political choices” are very salient, broadly encompassing and practically irreversible. As Discussants: Daniel Turp, Canadian House of such, they often involve a stark distinction between the relative security and predictability May 26 of the status quo and the uncertainties of Panel Three: Economic and Cultural major change, as well as deep conflicts of Approaches to Political Choice values or identities, and major disagreements Chair: Yoshiko Herrera, Harvard University as to the consequences of alternative futures. Speakers: Christopher Anderson and Yuliya May 25 Tverdova, State University of New York, Introduction Binghamton, “Choosing the West: Opinion Chair: Jeffry Frieden, Harvard University Formation in Eastern Europe on Joining the Word of Welcome by James Cooney, executive European Union.” director, Weatherhead Center Speaker: Laurence McFalls, University of “When Ordinary People Make Extraordinary Montréal, “Revolution, Referenda, and the Choices,” Pierre Martin, Harvard University; Ambiguity of Fundamental Political Choice: and Richard Nadeau, University of Montréal. A Comparison of German Unification and Panel One: Models of Individual Opinion Québec Separatism.” Formation and Choice Discussant: Hudson Meadwell, McGill University Speaker: Dennis Chong, Northwestern Panel Four: Big Choices on Economic University, “A Model of Incentives, Integration and Political Union Dispositions, and Choice.” Chair: Marc Busch, Harvard University Speaker: Donald Green, Yale University, Speaker: Richard Johnston, University of “Habits and Dispositions in Choices Big Pennsylvania and University of British and Small.” Columbia, “Ordinary Politics and Speaker: Arthur Lupia, Stanford University Extraordinary Choices: Evidence from and University of California, San Diego, Canada, 1988 and 1992.” “What We Should Know: The Case for Speaker: David Sanders, Essex, “British Public Voter Competence.” Opinion and the Single European Discussants: James Alt, Harvard University; Currency: A Study of Reluctant Europeans.” and Richard Zeckhauser, Kennedy School Discussant: Elisabeth Gidengil, McGill of Government, Harvard University University; Kennedy School of Panel Two: Elite-Mass Interactions and Big Government, Harvard University Political Choices Panel Five: Devolution and Independence Chair: Lisa Martin, Harvard University Speaker: David McCrone, University of Speakers: Jennifer Jerit, James Kuklinski, and Edinburgh, “Delivering Home Rule: The Paul Quirk, University of Illinois, “When 1997 Devolution Referendum in Scotland.” Political Rhetoric Meets Human Nature.” Speakers: Pierre Martin and Richard Nadeau, Speakers: Orit Kedar and Kenneth Shepsle, “Choosing a Nation: The 1995 Referendum Harvard University, “The Heresthetic of on Sovereignty in Québec.” Big Choices.” Discussant: Hudson Meadwell, McGill Univeristy Discussant: Stephen Ansolabehere, Discussion: Where Do We Go From Here? Massachusetts Institute of Technology

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 17 COMMUNIST AND POSTCOMMUNIST October 5 COUNTRIES “Elite Politics in Cuba and China in the late 1960s and in the late 1980s and early Communist and Postcommunist 1990s,” Roderick MacFarquhar and Jorge Countries Seminar Domínguez. From the 1970s to the 1990s, the countries of the world that had communist political November 17 systems faced certain similar challenges and “The Role of Nongovernmental responded to them in remarkably different Organizations and Their International ways. In the 1980s, all Communist Party Funders in China and Russia,” Anthony leaderships confronted challenges to the Saich and Valerie Sperling. political legitimacy of their rule; by the March 1 beginning of the 1990s, communist regimes survived only in Cuba and East Asia. In “The Political Economy of Regional and the 1990s, nearly every communist and Provincial Variation in China and Russia,” postcommunist country confronted crises of Yasheng Huang and Yoshiko Herrera. identity as well as political economy. The communist and postcommunist worlds, in COMPARATIVE POLITICS turn, pose challenges for the redesign of the international system. China is growing as a Comparative Politics Seminar major power, and Russia is groping for a new Harvard University hosts a great many international role. professors with interests in comparative politics. Harvard University has a stellar cast of Some study specific countries or issues, others faculty who work on nearly every communist focus on key themes such as political economy, and postcommunist country as well as on and several emphasize work on formal models virtually all the issues just noted. These of politics. For the most part, these scholars professors are associated with various have interacted little with other. Thus, the departments and several research centers principal purpose of the Comparative Politics and institutes. Though many knew each seminar was to facilitate discussions among other casually, they rarely had the opportunity professors whose approach to the study of the to exchange views on scholarly matters of subject differs. To advance this objective, we common concern. Thus, an all-faculty seminar emphasized the prior distribution and reading on communist and postcommunist countries of papers; there were few, if any, oral remarks was founded in 1997-98, and it has continued at the meetings themselves. The purpose of the ever since under the Weatherhead Center’s meetings was discussion, commentary, sponsorship. Each session is deliberately criticism, and suggestions. The subject matter comparative, seeking to engage these scholars was quite open. Professors Devesh Kapur and in thinking about themes that cut across Jorge Domínguez chaired the seminar during various countries. In this fashion, the seminar 1999-2000. harnessed the scholarly depth of the study of November 16 specific areas through comparative analysis. “Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional The seminar is co-chaired by Professors Foundations of Comparative Advantage,” Timothy Colton, Jorge Domínguez, and Peter Hall. Elizabeth Perry. It met three times during 1999-2000. January 19 March 9 “Ethnicity, Capital Formation, and “Supranationalism Today: Is State Conflict,” Robert Bates. Sovereignty a Vanishing Asset?” Luz Lajous, Peter Sutherland, and Herbert March 9 Ungerer, Weatherhead Center Fellows. “A Nation of Organizers: The Institutional Origins of Civic Voluntarism in the April 10 United States,” Theda Skocpol. “Up the Learning Curve or Down a Slippery Slope? U.S. Foreign Policy in the DIRECTOR'S SEMINAR Clinton Administration,” Alan Goulty, Sumio Kusaka, and Pramathesh Rath, Jorge I. Domínguez, the director of the Weatherhead Center Fellows. Weatherhead Center, led these monthly sessions on subjects of current importance in international affairs. A Center tradition, these ETHICS AND informal roundtable discussions are initiated INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS by Fellows of the Center, who use their At the Weatherhead Center, the Seminar on professional experience as points of departure Ethics and International Affairs continued to contribute their thoughts on the issues at under the faculty leadership of Professors hand. The seminars are of benefit to all Stanley Hoffmann and J. Bryan Hehir. Kira members of the Center and to other interested Foerster, a graduate student in the individuals from the University community. Department of Government, and David November 17 Bosco, a student at Harvard Law School, co- directed the seminar series. This seminar “Ethnic Conflict in the Balkans and the brings together students and faculty from a Caucauses: Lessons for the Future,” variety of fields—from within and outside Michael Libal, German ambassador to Harvard, from academia and the policy Kazakhstan, and CFIA Fellow 1995-96. world—for stimulating and informative Discussants: Garnik Nanagoulian, former discussions. Presentations in 1999-2000 minister of Industry and Trade, Republic included: of Armenia, and Weatherhead Center October 20 Fellow 1999-2000; and Luise Drüke, “War Crimes Tribunals: Successes and former head of UN High Commission for Failures,” Theodor Meron, New York Refugees in Portugal and Kazakhstan, and University Law School. CFIA Fellow 1987-88. November 17 December 6 "Critical Perspectives on the New Version “How Domestic Politics Influences of Rawls' Law of Peoples: A Dialogue," Foreign Policy,” Regina Brown, Guillermo Stanley Hoffmann and Nancy Kokaz, Marín, and Andreas Papaconstantinou, Harvard University. Weatherhead Center Fellows. November 30 February 10 “Rogue States And Sovereignty,” “No Way Out? Colombia's Current Ambassador Richard Butler, diplomat in Crises,” Jon Day, Garnik Nanagoulian, residence, Council on Foreign Relations; and Steve Wolborsky, Weatherhead former head of UNSCOM. Center Fellows. ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 19 December 15 November 10 "Paradoxes in Humanitarian Intervention," "Bi-Lingual Be-Longings: A Scandal, A Martha Finnemore, George Washington Joke, a Promise," Doris Sommer, professor University. of romance languages, Harvard University. February 18 December 14 “Power, Justice, and War Crimes Tribunals,” "Sequoyah's Syllabary and the Cherokee Gary Bass, Princeton University. Nation," Jill Lapore, Visiting Fellow, Bunting Institute. March 14 February 22 “Ethics and International Boundaries,” Andrew Hurrell, Oxford University. "Indonesia: Reflections on a Trip to a Troubled Land," Clifford Geertz, Institute April 6 for Advanced Studies, School of Social "Intervention and Civilization: Some Sciences. Unhappy Lessons of the Kosovo War," March 14 David Luban, Georgetown University Law Center and Department of Philosophy. "Trust and Worth: The Politics of People Building," Rogers Smith, Yale University. May 10 April 22 “The Means Dilemma of the Humanitarian Impulse,” Sarah Sewall, "Nativism and Its Negation: The Dialectics project director, Carr Center for Human of Immigration Politics," Ari Zolberg, The Rights Policy, Kennedy School of New School. Government. EUROPE Ethnicity and Nationalism The Weatherhead Center has placed increasing ETHNICITY AND NATIONALISM emphasis on European activities, ranging from SEMINAR undergraduate study groups, to conferences, to the ongoing European Union seminar series. Chaired by Michael Jones-Correa, Mary The Center is an active participant in Steedly and Mary Waters, the faculty Working Harvard’s European Union Center, and it Group on Ethnicity and Nationalism is a works closely with the Kennedy School of university-wide, cross-disciplinary effort that Government, the Law School, and the Center brings together anthropologists, historians, for European Studies to coordinate Europe- political scientists, sociologists, social related events. psychologists and scholars of law and religion. It is also interregional, including specialists on Vision of European Europe, Asia, the Middle East and Africa, as Governance Seminar well as the Americas. The issue areas covered A seminar series created and organized by in the seminar have included explorations of Renée Haferkamp, CFIA Fellow 1993-94, to ethnic and national identities, forms of explore current issues of concern for the future citizenship and membership, and international of the European Union. migration and globalization. The Ethnicity and Nationalism Seminar met five times in 1999-2000. Chairs: Steven B. Bloomfield, Renée Frederik Bolkestein, Dutch member of Haferkamp, and George Ross the European Commission in charge of Co-sponsors: Minda de Gunzburg Center for the Internal Market, Taxation and European Studies, the John F. Kennedy Customs Union. School of Government, the Jean Monnet May 2 Program of Harvard Law School, and the “The Moment of Truth for Integration: Weatherhead Center for International Affairs. Rethinking the EU on the Eve of September 23 Enlargement,” Richard Corbett, member, “Security and Stability in Europe: How European Parliament, and member, Will the Europeans Get Their Act European Parliamentary Committee on Together?” Gunnar Riberholdt, Constitutional Affairs. ambassador of the Danish delegation to With the support of Frank Boas, the Center NATO, former Danish permanent also organizes the annual Spaak Lecture on representative to the EU, and Danish EU questions. Foreign Minister George member of the IGC for Maastricht. Papandreou of Greece was the guest speaker October 28 in 1999. Secretary General of NATO The “Enlargement and Institutional Reform: Right Honorable Lord George Robertson Two Existential Challenges to the EU,” also spoke at the Center. Manfred R. Scheich, permanent representative of Austria to the European FELLOWS PROGRAM Union. The class of 1999-2000 Fellows was one of the largest groups of Fellows at the Weatherhead November 17 Center in recent times. Composed of thirteen “Does ‘Europe’ Exist in the UN?” André diplomats, four business and government Adam, permanent representative of officials, three military officers, two civil Belgium to the United Nations, and servants and one journalist, the 23 Fellows Stewart Eldon, deputy permanent contributed to the ongoing intellectual work representative of the United Kingdom to of the Center and the University and, as the United Nations. practitioners, engaged the academic community March 23 over various issues of policymaking and implementation. The wide professional and “Can the New NATO live with the New geographic diversity of the class fostered a Europe?” Jonathan Faull, head of Press similarly broad approach to the research and Communication Service, and deputy interests of the class. Areas explored by the spokesman for the European Fellows included the effectiveness of Western Commission; and Jamie Shea, spokesman diplomacy in the Middle East and, more of NATO, and deputy director of specifically, alternatives to the use of force, the Information and Press, NATO efficacy of sanctions, and other techniques for Headquarters. influencing governments perceived as hostile; April 27 suggestions for structural reform within the “Financial Integration after the Euro,” Mexican presidency to enhance communication

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 21 with the Mexican legislative branch; the effect One of the newest activities for the Fellows of technology on U.S. foreign policy and this year were study groups organized by the military strategy since World War II; the Student Council of the Weatherhead Center politics and practice of international trade and for International Affairs during the fall and investment, as well as the political economy of spring semester. These four-session encounters Southeast Asia; European defense and provided a highly participatory forum for transatlantic relations; and telecommunications undergraduates to discuss issues of and Internet markets in the context of EU international affairs with Fellows and other regulations and anti-trust laws. guest speakers. Jon Day and Alan Goulty led As active participants on campus, the the initial fall groups on European defense Fellows engaged the Harvard community and the Middle East, respectively, while Nicola in various and productive ways: speaking at Clase (international security) and Klaus seminars, providing guest lectures in courses Rupprecht (East Asia) continued this effort of instruction, serving as informal thesis and through the spring semester. Under their dissertation advisers, and conducting their guidance, many other Fellows had the chance own research. In addition, they both benefited to share their expertise and opinions on these from and contributed to informal interactions matters as well. with faculty, students, and other extra-academic Another opportunity for interaction with practitioners and involved themselves in the students came by way of the Undergraduate work of such Harvard institutions as the Asia Research Assistant initiative, now in its second Center, the Belfer Center for Science and year. The program enables Harvard College International Affairs, the David Rockefeller students to help the Fellows with their Center for Latin American Studies, the Davis particular research needs by alerting them to Center for Russian Research, the Fairbank intellectual opportunities in the Harvard Center for East Asian Research, the Institute environment, finding appropriate source of Politics of the John F. Kennedy School of materials held by the Harvard College Library, Government, and the Minda de Gunzburg analyzing and summarizing research materials, Center for European Studies. assisting Fellows with their orientation to and Various conferences throughout the year interaction with various electronic resources, attracted the Fellows as speakers and compiling bibliographies, and helping to edit participants. Among them were the Women and proofread written work. Association with Waging Peace Conference sponsored by the the Fellows provides the undergraduates with Women and Public Policy Program at the the unique educational benefit of developing Kennedy School of Government; the Internet partnerships with highly accomplished and Society 2000 Conference, Harvard's third international affairs practitioners, and, biennial conference on the Internet and whenever possible, the program works hard to society; a week-long workshop on Civil- match the academic goals and interests of each Military Cooperation during Complex Crises, student with those of each Fellow. Of course, sponsored by the Conflict Management Group the Fellows gain a great deal from these and the John F. Kennedy School of Government; interactions as well, and they appreciate the and the Great Decisions Institute 2000, chance to become acquainted with these sponsored by the New Hampshire Council on students in a meaningful and fruitful way. For World Affairs. 1999-2000, the program hired eleven students as undergraduate research assistants and it will expand this initiative in the near future. academy administrators, and cadets offered The Fellows also accepted numerous insight into the philosophy, values, and ethos invitations to address audiences at other area underpinning this institution. institutions, including Bentley College, This year's study tours covered a broad Brandeis University, Boston College, the swath of the Americas, including the annual Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts Canadian study tour in August, a five-day trip University, and the Massachusetts Institute of to Cartagena, Colombia in January, and a ten- Technology. The organizers of the New day trip in May through three cities in the Hampshire Council of World Affairs hosted a southern and western U.S. The most salient number of Fellows in a year-long seminar issues that arose from these visits were the series they run for their membership, as did nature of Canadian federalism and Canada's their sister institution in Rhode Island. particular voice in international affairs; the Moreover, with 2000 being a U.S. presidential Colombian peace process, the country’s efforts election year, the New Hampshire Council to curb drug production and distribution, as once again led the full corps of Fellows on a well as the Colombian government's intense tour of the Manchester-based New Hampshire interactions with the U.S. foreign affairs primary headquarters of some of the establishment; and current U.S. political, presidential hopefuls, with a view toward economic, and social reality in the contexts of introducing to them the reality of "retail race relations, immigration, urban politics" for which the New Hampshire development, and high-tech corporate growth. primary is most well known. While the Fellows Program typically enjoys The Boston Globe headquarters, the MIT visits from former Fellows throughout the Media Lab, and the U.S. Military Academy year, in November of 1999, on the occasion of (USMA) in West Point, New York, were some a Fellows alumni conference and reunion, the of the other off-campus destinations for the program was pleased to welcome back many group this year. The Globe provided the friends to Harvard to renew these important Fellows with a tour of its extensive facilities in connections and engage in vigorous debate Boston, as well as a chance to meet with some over various issues of international concern. of the paper's editors and discuss issues More than 70 former Fellows, representing concerning the current state and future of classes dating back to 1961-62, attended the print journalism. At MIT's famed Media Lab, two and a half day event held primarily at the physicist Neil Gershenfeld, head of the Physics American Academy of Arts and Sciences in and Media Group, director of the Things That Cambridge. Setting the intellectual tone for the Think research consortium, and author of conference were many of Harvard's most When Things Start To Think, introduced the esteemed faculty members, including Jorge Fellows to his fascinating work on artificial Domínguez, Jeffrey Frankel, J. Bryan Hehir, intelligence and quantum computing. A two- Stanley Hoffmann, Samuel Huntington, day trip to West Point gave the group a first- Joseph Nye, Roger Porter, Robert Putnam, hand look at the operations of a military Celeste Wallander, and Steven Walt. The academy and the opportunity to observe a cultural highlight of the days' events was the á different academic setting than the one with capella performance of the Harvard-Radcliffe which they had grown most familiar with this Collegium Musicum at the Fogg Art Museum. year. Interactions with faculty members, Numerous seminars throughout the year

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 23 exposed the Fellows to a range of intriguing Party; professor of political science, individuals including André Adam, permanent Northeastern University, Boston; and representative of Belgium to the United visiting professor at the School of Public Nations; Frederik Bolkestein, Dutch member Policy and Social Research, UCLA. of the European Commission in charge of the October 8 Internal Market, Taxation and Customs Union; Noam Chomsky, Institute Professor and “The Republican Party and the Campaign professor of linguistics at MIT; former Fellow for President,” Mickey Edwards, lecturer Stewart Eldon, deputy permanent in public policy, Kennedy School of representative of the United Kingdom to the Government; former Republican United Nations; Jonathan Faull, deputy Congressman from Oklahoma; former spokesman for the European Commission; national chairman of the American Harvard professor emeritus David Landes; Conservative Union and the Conservative U.S. Congressman James McGovern; Gunnar Political Action Conference. Riberholdt, ambassador of the Danish October 15 delegation to NATO; Manfred Scheich, “The Future of Affirmative Action,” permanent representative of Austria to the Nathan Glazer, professor emeritus of European Union; Jamie Shea, spokesman education and social structure, Harvard of NATO; Alan Simpson, former director, Graduate School of Education; author of Institute of Politics, Kennedy School of We are All Multiculturalists Now. Government, and former U.S. Senator from Wyoming 1978-94; Jim Sleeper, political October 22 columnist for the Daily News (New York); “Contemporary Russia,” Richard Pipes, and Benjamin Zander, founder and conductor Frank B. Baird, Jr. Professor of History of the Boston Philharmonic Orchestra. In Emeritus, Harvard University; and author conjunction with the Olin Institute for of Property and Freedom, Survival Is Not Strategic Studies, the Fellows Program was Enough: Soviet Realities and America's pleased to welcome the Right Honorable Lord Future, and U.S. Soviet Relations in the George Robertson, secretary general of NATO, Era of Detente: A Tragedy of Errors. to address a gathering of Fellows and faculty members in April, and the program also November 5 welcomed back former Fellow and Foreign “The American National Identity: Is It Minister George Papandreou of Greece, as the Changing?” Samuel Huntington, Albert J. Paul-Henri Spaak Lecturer of 1999. Weatherhead III University Professor; director, Olin Institute for Strategic Friday Lunch Seminars Studies; chairman, Harvard Academy for Chair: Steven B. Bloomfield International and Area Studies; and October 1 author of The Clash of Civilizations. “Current Issues facing the Democratic November 12 Party in the United States,” Michael “Writing the Research Paper,” Donald Dukakis, former Governor of Halstead, Fellows Program Consulting Massachusetts; former Presidential Editor. Candidate (1988) of the Democratic December 3 March 3 “The State of China,” Lucian Pye, “Adventures in National Identity: What professor of political science emeritus, Kind of Expectations Can We Have on MIT; and author of Asian Power and Americans Today?” Jim Sleeper, Fellow, Politics: The Cultural Dimensions and Shorenstein Center for Press, Politics, and Authority, Chinese Negotiating Style, Public Policy; former political columnist and The Spirit of Chinese Politics. for the Daily News (New York); author of The Closest of Strangers, and Liberal December 10 Racism. “Religion, Nationalism, and Peace,” David March 10 Little, T.J. Dermot Dunphy Professor of the Practice of Religion, Ethnicity, and “The American Constitution and Its International Conflict, Harvard Divinity Legacy,” Bernard Bailyn, James Duncan School; former senior scholar in Religion, Phillips Professor of Early American Ethics, and Human Rights, United States History; director, International Seminar Institute of Peace, Washington, D.C.; and on the History of the Atlantic World; author of Ukraine: The Legacy of Intolerance, author of Faces of Revolution: Personalities and Sri Lanka: The Invention of Enmity. and Themes in the Struggle for American Independence, and The Ideological Origins February 11 of the American Revolution. “Campaign 2000: The Trail Ahead,” Alan March 17 Simpson, director, Institute of Politics, “Taking Culture Seriously: Afro-American Kennedy School of Government; former Illustrations,” Orlando Patterson, John U.S. Senator (Republican) representing Cowles Professor of Sociology, Harvard Wyoming 1978-94; author of Right in the University; author of Rituals of Blood: Old Gazoo: A Lifetime of Scrapping With Consequences of Slavery in Two American the Press. Centuries, and The Ordeal of Integration: February 18 Progress and Resentment in America's “The Myth of GATT: Law and Politics 'Racial' Crisis. after Seattle,” Marc Busch, associate March 24 professor of government and social “Ruling the Net: Lessons from the Radio studies, Harvard University, and author Industry,” Debora Spar, associate of Trade Warriors: States, Firms, and professor of business, government & the Strategic-Trade Policy in High-Technology international economy, Harvard Business Competition. School; author of Attracting High February 25 Technology Investment: Intel's Costa Rican “The Art of the Possible,” Benjamin Plant, and The Cooperative Edge: The Zander, founder/conductor, Boston Internal Politics of International Cartels. Philharmonic Orchestra; conductor, April 21 New England Conservatory’s Youth “U.S. Foreign Policy and Colombia,” Philharmonic Orchestra; regular guest Noam Chomsky, Institute Professor and conductor, Philharmonia Orchestra professor of linguistics, MIT; author of (London). Profit Over People: Neoliberalism & Global

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 25 Order, and Powers and Prospects: January 26–28 Reflections on Human Nature and the “Korean Futures Project: International Social Order; editor of The Cold War and Conflict Simulation.” Sponsored by Naval the University: Toward an Intellectual War College. History of the Postwar Years. February 3–4 April 28 Program on International Conflict “North vs. South: Europe and the Analysis and Resolution Workshop. Americas,” David S. Landes, Coolidge Leader: Donna Hicks, deputy director, Professor of History and professor of PICAR, and Herbert Kelman, director, economics; author of The Wealth and PICAR. Poverty of Nations: Why Some Are So April 5 Rich and Some So Poor, and The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and “Russia and NATO,” Right Honorable Industrial Development in Western Europe Lord George Robertson, secretary general from 1750 to the Present. of NATO. (Co-sponsored with the Olin Institute for Strategic Studies.) May 5 April 6 “China and Kosovo,” Pramathesh Rath, 1999-2000 Fellow, Weatherhead Center for “When Things Start to Think,” Neil International Affairs; former Indian Gershenfeld, head of the Physics and Media ambassador to Colombia. Group, MIT Media Lab; director of the Things That Think research consortium; May 12 author of When Things Start To Think, “What Role for Labor Standards in the and The Nature of Mathematical Modeling. Global Economy?” Richard Freeman, April 11 Ascherman Chair of Economics, Harvard University; director, Labor Studies Program, “The Art of the Possible,” Rosamund National Bureau of Economic Research; Zander, counselor, and co-author of The director, Program for Discontinuous Art of Possibility. Economics, London School of Economics. April 13–14 Fellows’ Special Seminars and Visits Visit to U.S. Military Academy, West Point, New York. Led by Colonel Tim Hoffman, October 18 1999-2000 Fellow, Weatherhead Center for Visit to the headquarters of The Boston International Affairs. Globe. Hosted by H.D.S. Greenway, editor, April 27 Boston Globe Editorial Page. “The United States and Cuba: U.S. Policy January 16 Alternatives,”Congressman James Visit to the New Hampshire Presidential McGovern (D-MA, Third District) and Primary Campaign Headquarters. Led by Jorge Domínguez, director, Weatherhead the New Hampshire Council on World Center for International Affairs. (Co- Affairs, Manchester, New Hampshire. sponsored with the U.S. Foreign Policy Seminar.) November 18–20, 1999 Moderator: Monteagle Stearns, CFIA Fellow, Fellows’ Alumni Conference and 1972-73 Reunion “American Government and the American “International Affairs at the Crossroads of Presidency” History: Lessons of this Century for the Moderator: Roger Porter, IBM Professor of Well-Being of the Next” Business and Government, Harvard University Harvard University and The American “Technology, Trade, and the Global Projection Academy of Arts and Sciences of American Society and Culture” Chair: Steven B. Bloomfield Moderator: Jim Cooney, executive director, November 18 Weatherhead Center for International Affairs Harvard Faculty Club “What's Happened to Civic Engagement in Session I: The Role of International-Relations America, and How Can We Fix It?” Scholarship in International Affairs Speaker: Robert Putnam, Peter and Isabel Speakers: Jorge I. Domínguez, director, Malkin Professor of Public Policy of the Weatherhead Center for International Kennedy School of Government, Harvard Affairs; and Joseph S. Nye, dean, Kennedy University School of Government, Harvard University Session III: Challenges to International Security Business meeting: The Weatherhead Plenary Panel endowment, The Knafel building, and Celeste Wallander, associate professor of the Fellows government, Harvard University; and Stephen Speakers: Steven B. Bloomfield, director, Walt, Evron and Jeane Kirkpatrick Professor Weatherhead Center Fellows Program; Jim of International Affairs, Kennedy School of Cooney, executive director, Weatherhead Government, Harvard University Center for International Affairs, and Jorge Discussion Sessions I. Domínguez, director, Weatherhead “Europe and Russia” Center for International Affairs Moderator: Celeste Wallander, associate November 19 professor of government, Harvard University American Academy of Arts and Sciences “East Asia, South Asia, and the World” Moderator: Kamalesh Sharma, permanent Session II: The “American Century” and Its representative of India to the UN Aftermath “The Middle East” Plenary Panel Moderator: Herbert Kelman, Cabot Research “Evolutions in American Government and Professor of Social Ethics, Harvard University America’s Role in the World” November 20 Samuel Huntington, director, Olin Institute for Strategic Studies, Harvard University; and American Academy of Arts and Sciences Roger Porter, director, Center for Business and Session IV: The Future of Multilateralism and Government, Kennedy School of Government, Ethics in International Relations Harvard University Plenary Panel Discussion Sessions J. Bryan Hehir, chairman of the Executive “American Foreign Policy” Committee, Harvard Divinity School; and

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 27 Stanley H. Hoffmann, Paul and Catherine January 21 Buttenwieser University Professor, Harvard Tour of “La Mina,” Colombia’s largest open University coal-mining site. “The Future of the UN as an Institution” Presentations by Mr. M. Tressler, vice Moderator: Alan Henrikson, Fletcher School president for Operations, Intercor, and Mr. N. of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University Amaya, president, CARBOCOL, S.A. “Regionalism vs. Globalism” Tour of the industrial port of Puerto Bolivar Moderator: Leslie Manley, CFIA Fellow, 1994-95 January 22 “Human Rights and International Legal Norms” “Colombia’s International Vision” Moderator: Maurice Copithorne, CFIA Luis Alberto Moreno, Colombian Fellow, 1974-75 ambassador to the United States Session V: The Global Economy “Visions of Colombia’s Foreign Trade” Plenary Marta Lucía Ramírez, Colombian “What Can We Learn From the Recent minister of foreign trade, and CFIA Economic Performance of the U.S.?” Fellow 1996-97 Jeffrey Frankel, Kennedy School of “Vision of Colombia’s Economy” Government, Harvard University Mauricio Cárdenas, director of the National Closing Remarks Planning Department January 20–22, 2000 “Vision of Colombia’s Peace Process” Victor G. Ricardo, high commissioner for Prospects for Colombia’s Future Peace Affairs Cartagena, Colombia “Plan Colombia” Sponsored by the Presidency of the Jaime Ruiz, high counselor for Government Government of Colombia Affairs Introduction and Welcome by Andrés Pastrana, president of the Republic of Colombia, and Fellows and their Research Papers CFIA Fellow 1990-91 The following list comprises the 1999-2000 “A Historian’s Vision” Fellows, their countries of origin, the positions Gustavo Bell, vice president of the Republic they held prior to their fellowship year, and the of Colombia titles of their research papers. “A Journalist’s Vision” Regina Brown (United States); managing Rafael Pardo, former Colombian minister director, CAMAC Holdings, Inc., of defense, and CFIA Fellow 1994-95 Washington, D.C. “An Entrepreneur’s Vision” “Clinton and Africa: U.S. Policies in Andrés Obregón, president, Bavaria Group Transition” “An Academic’s Vision” Nicola Clase (Sweden); first secretary, Carlos Angulo Galvis, rector, Universidad Department for European Security, de los Andes Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Stockholm “An Entrepreneur’s Vision “U.S. Logic of Ambiguity toward ” Jacky Goldstein, president, Sanford Group European Security and Defence” Gonzalo Córdoba (Colombia); editor-in-chief, Cromos magazine, Santafé de Bogotá “The Historical Correspondence of a 19th of Foreign Affairs, Paris Century General: Plus Ça Change...” “Euro-Defense—A French Insight into Its Jon Day (United Kingdom); director of Defence Implications on Transatlantic Relations: Is Policy, Ministry of Defence, London the EU Challenging America, NATO, or Daine Eisold (United States); chief of staff, Just Itself?” Navy International Programs Office, Frederic Maerkle (United States); consul Arlington, VA general, U.S. Consulate General, Osaka “NATO Enlargement-Poland’s Response: Are “Preparing for the Unexpected: How Trade We Getting What We Bargained For?” Can Support the Perry’s Report Path toward Feng Jianwu (China); consultant, National U.S. Peace with North Korea” Resources Defense Council, Guillermo Marín Gorbea (Spain); deputy Washington, D.C. director, Office of Human Rights, Ministry "China's Relationship with the U.S. and the of Foreign Affairs, Madrid EU in the 21st Century" “The Future of Diplomacy” Mansour Gharavi (Iran); senior expert, Office Garnik Nanagoulian (Armenia); minister of of American and European Affairs, Ministry Industry and Trade, Yerevan of Foreign Affairs, Tehran “Security Dilemmas in Post-Cold War “An Introduction to Liberalism and Transcaucasus" Individualism” Andreas Papaconstantinou (Greece); program Alan Goulty (United Kingdom); ambassador manager and country coordinator, Defense to Sudan, British Embassy, Khartoum Planning and Operations, NATO Head- “Who Is Looking? The Sudanese Tragedy quarters, Brussels and the Way Forward” “Battles after the War: Understanding Tim Hoffman (United States); director, Staff Peace-Building in Kosovo” Group, Chief of Staff of the Army, Pramathesh Rath (India); ambassador, Indian Washington, D.C. Embassy, Santafé de Bogotá, Colombia “The International Ecosystem: Adapting on “China and Kosovo: Worries about a New the Edge of Chaos” World Order” Sumio Kusaka (Japan); executive secretary to Klaus Rupprecht (Germany); director, East the Chief Cabinet Secretary (Ministry of Asian Department, Ministry of Foreign State), Office of the Prime Minister, Tokyo Affairs, Bonn “Security Problems in Northeast Asia: “European and American Approaches Prospect for a More Stable and Lasting Peace” toward China as an Emerging Power” Luz Lajous Vargas (Mexico); founder and Peter Sutherland (Canada); director-general, managing director, Russell Reynolds Trade, Planning, and Operations Bureau, Associates, Inc., Mexico City Department of Foreign Affairs and “Presidente y Congreso Propuesta para International Trade, Ottawa un Mejor Entendimiento” “Is Free Trade Fair: Has It Gone Too Far?” Bertrand Lavezzari (France); head of Defense Herbert Ungerer (Germany); head of unit for Cooperation Division, Department of Telecommunications, Postal Service, and Military and Defense Cooperation, Ministry the Information Society, directorate-

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 29 general for Competition, European science, technology, and information from Commission, Brussels the centers to the peripheries of power. On “Access Issues under EU Regulations and the other, they are imposing a new cultural Antitrust Law—The Case of Telecommun- hegemony through the soft power of global ications and Internet Markets” news, entertainment, and advertising. Globalizing the local and localizing the global Alvaro Villegas (Colombia); president, are twin forces blurring traditional national Colombian Coffee Federation, Inc., New York boundaries. Information and communications "The Expansion of the Coffee Business in resources available to nonstate actors have North America, 2000-2005" undermined the conduct of foreign relations Vu Dang Dzung (Vietnam); deputy director, through traditional diplomatic channels. The Department of Asia II (Southeast Asia, emergence of a global civil society in the form South Asian, and South Pacific Affairs) of thousands of nongovernmental Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Hanoi organizations, alongside more than 200 state “A New Balance of Power in Asia-Pacific actors, as well as intergovernmental and Implications for ASEAN’s Posture” organizations and transnational corporations, has added to the complexity of the world Stephen Wolborsky (United States); system. The availability of technologies such Commander, 37th Bomber Squadron, as video recorders, faxes, personal computers, Ellsworth Air Force Base, South Dakota internets, electronic mail, and direct broadcast “Swords into Stilettos: The Battle between satellites is having a profound affect on the Transformers and Hedgers for the Soul of world—changing economic infrastructure, the Department of Defense” competitiveness, trade relations, as well as internal and external politics of states. Equally GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS AND important is the impact on those nations INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS where the technologies are lagging or completely lacking. The crises in the Persian Seminar on Global Communications Gulf, Bosnia, and Kosovo provide a glimpse of and International Relations what future wars may look like. The emergence Co-sponsored by the Weatherhead Center for of an international politics of cultural identity International Affairs and the Program on organized around religious, ethnic, or racial Information Resources Policy at Harvard fetishism suggests what future issues may be. University, this seminar series explores the Chairs: Yesha Sivan, and Lt. Col. Michael impact of global communications on Cartney, USAF, National Defense Fellow, both international relations. It focuses particularly of the Program on Information Resources on the impact of communications and Policy, Harvard University information technologies on the struggles for power, peace, development, and democracy in December 2 four arenas: global security, economic, “The International Telecommunications political, and cultural relations. Union and Regulatory Balancing in the Accelerating technological advances in Era of Privatization,” Herbert Marks, Esq. telecommunications and their worldwide Squire, Sanders & Dempsey, Washington, dissemination are profoundly changing the D.C. nature of international relations. On the one December 9 hand, they are facilitating the transfers of “European Telecommunications: Perspectives for a European Cyberspace,” Those selected as Academy Scholars work for Herbert Ungerer, Weatherhead Fellow, two years conducting either dissertation or advisor to the European Commission, postdoctoral research in their chosen fields Brussels. and regions. They are provided with time, guidance, financial assistance, and access to February 28 Harvard's facilities to help them achieve their “International Telecommunications academic potential. During the course of the Policy: Prospects for the Future,” Richard fellowship, each Academy Scholar presents his C. Beaird, deputy U.S. coordinator for or her work to colleagues, Senior Scholars, and International Communications and other interested faculty, and participates in the Information Policy, U.S. Department Academy's monthly seminar series on of State, Washington, D.C. globalization and culture. The deadline for March 13 applications to the Harvard Academy is “Regional Information Strategies in October 15, 2000. China: Shanghai Infoport and Its Second, building on its area expertise, the Emulators,” Kathleen Hartford, professor Academy also sponsors a variety of activities of political science, University of to promote understanding of the similarities, Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts. differences, and interactions among different cultures and civilizations. In this connection, it April 24 has sponsored three major conferences during “Telecommunications in Israel in the Era the past two years and a faculty seminar on of Peace,” Bosmat Chelouche, advisor, globalization and culture, which will continue chief counselor, General Counsel, Bezeq— during 2000-2001. Culture Matters: How Values The Israeli Telecommunication Corp. Ltd. Shape Human Progress, edited by Lawrence May 8 Harrison and Samuel Huntington, and the product of an Academy conference in April “The Internationalization of Internet 1999, was published in May 2000. Portals,” John M. Hotchkiss, vice president of Engineering, Lycos, Inc., Initially endowed by a gift from Dr. Ira Waltham, Massachusetts. Kukin, the Academy has also received major supporting grants from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the INTERNATIONAL AND AREA Pew Charitable Trusts, the Andrew Mellon STUDIES Foundation, the Weatherhead Foundation, the John Templeton Foundation, and the Monitor Harvard Academy for International and Area Studies Company. Samuel P.Huntington was chairman of the Academy in 1999-2000, and Founded in 1986, the Harvard Academy for Chester D. Haskell was executive secretary. International and Area Studies has two major programs. First, it provides significant Academy Senior Scholars fellowship support to a small group of young The Senior Scholars, a distinguished group of scholars who combine excellence in a social senior members of Harvard's faculty, act as science discipline with a strong regional focus the Academy's oversight committee, select of application. The Academy's premise is that new Academy Scholars, and serve as mentors society needs individuals who combine of the Academy Scholars. thorough disciplinary and area specializations.

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 31 Robert H. Bates, Eaton Professor of the on his book manuscript, Border Games: Science of Government Policing the U.S.-Mexico Divide, which will John Coatsworth, Monroe Gutman Professor be published by Cornell University Press in of Latin American Affairs; director, Rockefeller August 2000. With Tim Snyder, he has also Center for Latin American Studies finished putting together an edited volume, The Wall Around the West: State Borders and Timothy J. Colton, Morris and Anna Feldberg Immigration Controls in North America and Professor of Government and Russian Studies; Europe, which will be published by Rowman director, Davis Center for Russian Studies & Littlefield in October 2000. During the Grzegorz Ekiert, professor of government academic year, Andreas also presented papers Samuel P.Huntington, Albert J. Weatherhead at the American Political Science Association, III University Professor the International Studies Association, and Roderick MacFarquhar, Leroy B. Williams the Latin American Studies Association. In Professor of History and Political Science; addition, he was invited to participate in chairman, Department of Government workshops and seminars at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, the Edward Roger Owen, A.J. Meyer Professor University of Minnesota, Oxford University, of Middle East History; director, Center for and Harvard University. This fall he will be Middle Eastern Studies an assistant professor of political science at Dwight Perkins, Harold Hitchings Burbank Reed College in Portland, Oregon. Professor of Political Economy Christopher Boyer: Christopher Boyer has Susan Pharr, Edwin O. Reischauer Professor spent most of 1999-2000 preparing a manuscript of Japanese Politics; director, Program on U.S.- and various articles for publication. In the fall, Japan Relations, WCFIA he revised and submitted three articles on Mexican peasant and labor movements, all of Research Affiliate which have been accepted for publication. Lawrence Harrison They will be published in The American Historical Review, Estudios Michoacanos, and Academy Scholars an edited volume on Mexican environmental Peter Andreas history to be brought out by Duke University Christopher Boyer Press. Since December he has been revising his Kanchan Chandra dissertation for publication. The revised manuscript, entitled The Fields of Revolution: Anna Grzymala-Busse Citizenship, Class, and Agrarismo in Michoacán, Saba Mahmood Mexico, 1920-1935, will be sent to a major Smita Singh university press for review in early June. Chris Timothy Snyder also gave a total of four scholarly presentations this year. He presented papers on post- Nader Sohrabi revolutionary Mexican peasant movements Jason Wittenberg to the American Historical Association, The Latin American Studies Association, and the Academy Scholar Research Topics Harvard Academy for International and Area and Activities Studies. He also gave a lecture on the Peter Andreas: In 1999-2000 Peter Andreas environmental history of Mexican forests at completed the revisions and production work the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. This summer he will travel to Mexico for were presented at the Center for European research, and next year he intends to spend Studies Conference in October 1999 at the bulk of his time beginning a major new Harvard, and at the Europeanists' Conference research project on Mexican forests. in April 2000 in Chicago, respectively. Anna Kanchan Chandra: During the year 1999- finished additional research for the book 2000, Kanchan Chandra completed her manuscript and began preliminary research dissertation entitled “Why Ethnic Parties for her next project with a short trip to Poland Succeed,” and has begun revising it for a book and Germany. In addition, she is currently manuscript. She published two articles, one, writing an article tracing the development of "The Transformation of Ethnic Politics in political party systems in East Central Europe, India," in the Journal of Asian Studies; and to be presented at the Annual Meeting of the another, "Post-Congress Politics in Uttar American Political Science Association, in Pradesh: The Ethnification of the Party Washington D.C. System and its Consequences," in an edited Saba Mahmood: Saba Mahmood joined the volume published by Sage. A third article, Academy Scholars Program in April 2000. She "Elite Incorporation in Multi-Ethnic Societies," is currently working on a book entitled Pious has been accepted for publication in Asian Transgressions: Embodied Disciplines of the Survey. She also presented papers or reviews at Islamic Revival (forthcoming Princeton the following venues: The American Political University Press). Her work focuses on issues of Science Association in Atlanta; India and the modernity, religious revival, gender, the body, Developing World, a conference in honor of and Islam in the Middle East and South Asia. Myron Weiner at the University of Notre Smita Singh: Smita Singh is writing her Dame; the Faculty Colloquium at Dartmouth dissertation on the politics of macroeconomic College; the SPURS program at the policymaking in Indonesia and Nigeria. In Massachusetts Institute of Technology; addition, she has also finished a co-authored Experiments in Empowered Deliberative article on institutional change and economic Democracy, a conference at the University of growth in sub-Saharan Africa. Works in Wisconsin-Madison; at the first meeting of the progress include articles on: violence and the Laboratory on Comparative Ethnic Processes protection of property rights (co-authored at Duke University (in absentia); and Ethnic with Robert Bates and Avner Greif), electoral Conflict and Civic Life, a review symposium changes in sub-Saharan Africa, and electoral at the University of Texas at Austin. She also competition and political business cycles in spoke at the Weatherhead Center for sub-Saharan Africa. International Affairs roundtable on 1999 Timothy Snyder: Timothy Snyder, along with Indian Elections. She is currently preparing Peter Andreas, completed the editing of a for a field trip to Sri Lanka as part of her volume on state power and border controls in postdoctoral research on ethnic politics and Europe and North America, The Wall Around democratic stability. the West, which will appear in October 2000 Anna Grzymala-Busse: During the academic from Rowman & Littlefield. He also published year 1999-2000, Anna Grzymala-Busse revised professional articles in the journals Polin, the her dissertation into a book manuscript, Journal of Cold War Studies, and Revue des currently under review for publication. She Etudes Slaves. He presented papers in Warsaw, wrote two articles—one on the role of Poland; Chisinau, Moldova; and at Colombia communist legacies, the other on the University, Stanford University, the University regeneration of communist parties—which

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 33 of California at Berkeley, Georgetown two lectures on the paradox of social upheaval University, the University of Virginia, the and political continuity. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and at five Harvard fora (both Russian history Globalization and Culture Seminar seminars, the Communist and Postcommunist Chairs: Samuel Huntington, Weatherhead Countries Seminar, the Globalization and Center, and Peter Berger, Boston University Culture Seminar, and the Harvard Academy). In the past several years there has been Nader Sohrabi: Nader Sohrabi wrote an article, much talk about and some evidence of the "Waves and Repertoires from Global to Local: emergence of what might be called global or What the Young Turks Knew About Other universal cultures. First is the "Davos culture," Revolutions and Why it Mattered," that was ideas concerning market capitalism, liberal accepted for publication in Comparative Studies democracy, private property, the rule of law, in Society and History. He also worked on and economic development widely shared by revising his book, Constitutionalism, Revolution, government ministers and bureaucrats, and State: the Ottoman Empire and Iran, 1906- corporate executives, academics, and officials 1909. This included, for the most part, analysis of international agencies in countries and writing on Ottoman and Persian archival throughout the world. This is the culture of documents that he had gathered during a much of the world's elite. Second, there is previous Academy-sponsored research trip. In globalized popular culture—from rock music addition, he worked on the 1909-1910 Ottoman to jeans to fast food—“carried” by the media, parliamentary debates at Widener Library, and advertising, and imitative consumer habits. continued to study Russian by taking Russian This is not just a matter of behavior: many of language classes at Harvard and meeting with these items involve values and beliefs. Third, a language tutor. Nader also presented papers there also appears also to be emerging what at two conferences and three universities. might be termed a global "humanitarian While in residence, in August 1999 his article culture," supporting human rights and "Revolution and State Culture: The Circle of equality for women, opposing ethnic cleansing Justice and Constitutionalism in 1906 Iran," and racial discrimination, and promoting the was published in State/Culture: New Approaches responsibility of governments and to State in Social Sciences (edited by George international agencies to mitigate human Steinmetz, Cornell University Press). This suffering anywhere on the planet. This culture article was partially the result of his first year is disseminated through academic and of residence at the Harvard Academy. intellectual networks, foundations, NGOs, Jason Wittenberg: Jason Wittenberg went on some international agencies, and the media. the job market and accepted a position at the How do these three Western-generated University of Wisconsin, Madison. He worked emerging global cultures interact with non- on a book manuscript, Did Communism Western indigenous cultures? Matter: Explaining Political Continuity and The Globalization and Culture Seminar Discontinuity, and began preparing an article, sought to address these and related issues with “Do Pre-Communist Legacies Matter?” Jason participants including faculty, research also began data analysis for a new article about associates, and graduate students from popular support for communist parties during Harvard and the larger Boston-Cambridge the interwar period in Eastern Europe. Jason area. Participants came from a variety of also did approximately one month of disciplines, including history, sociology, fieldwork in Hungary, during which he gave political science, economics, anthropology, law, and social psychology; people specializing in Committee of the Harvard Divinity School; the world's major cultural areas, as well as Professor of the Practice of Religion and those people who work on the transmission, Society, Harvard University. dissemination, and assimilation of ideas, technology, and customs. The seminar met six INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT times for discussions over dinner at the Faculty ANALYSIS AND RESOLUTION Club. The topics discussed at seminar meetings in 1999-2000 included: Program on International Conflict October 5 Analysis and Resolution “Is There a Universal Progress Culture?” The Program on International Conflict Analysis Lawrence Harrison, research affiliate, and Resolution (PICAR) works to advance the Harvard Academy for International and understanding of international and interethnic Area Studies. conflicts, and to develop interactive, problem- solving processes that can be effective in November 2 managing or resolving such conflicts. Using a “Conservative Evangelicalism: One of the view of international conflict as an intersocietal Global Cultural Options?” Professor as well as an intergovernmental process, and a David Martin, emeritus professor of corresponding view of diplomacy as a creative sociology, London School of Economics. integration of official and unofficial efforts, December 9 PICAR members research how democratization, pluralism, and the building of civil society in “The Wall Around the West: Border multiethnic states will be enhanced if Controls in the Era of Globalization,” underlying sources of conflict are discussed and Peter Andreas and Timothy Snyder, addressed, both in current conflict resolution postdoctoral scholars of the Harvard efforts and in setting up systems for managing Academy for International and Area conflicts in the future. PICAR is supported by Studies. a grant from the William and Flora Hewlett February 1 Foundation. “The Interaction Between Global and Program members in 1999-2000 included Local Cultures,” Peter Berger, director, faculty members and doctoral students, all of Institute for the Study of Economic whom are scholar-practitioners combining Culture, Boston University. research and theory building with the practice of third-party facilitation. In addition, PICAR March 7 maintained active contact with a growing “Autonomy as a Solution to All the network of former members whose professional World’s Problems!” Hurst Hannum, work has taken them to a variety of academic professor of international law, Fletcher institutions and governmental or School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts nongovernmental organizations in the University. United States and abroad. April 4 The primary area of practice for many program members has been the Middle East. “Catholicism and Globalization: Issues However, several other initiatives have been of Theory, Structure, and Policy,” developed by PICAR members, including J. Bryan Hehir, chairman of the Executive projects in Sri Lanka, the Balkans, Cyprus,

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 35 Northern Ireland, Colombia, and U.S.-Cuban Refugee Problem and the Right of Return”.A relations. third paper, “The Future Israeli-Palestinian Program members were involved in a variety Relations,” was published in January 2000. This of continuing research projects, falling into project continues to provide a model for the three main categories: (1)evaluation of the combination of scholarship with practice, of effectiveness of conflict resolution interventions intervention methodology with policy analysis, in protracted conflicts and comparative study of and of the skills of the conflict generalist with different conflict resolution models; (2) the role the insights of the regional specialist. The of different theoretical variables such as Israeli-Palestinian working group was collective identity, power asymmetry, leadership, supported by grants from the Hewlett religion, resource distribution, the teaching of Foundation and the Carnegie Corporation. history, decision-making structures, issue Supported by a grant from the United States framing, perspective taking, developmental Institute of Peace, PICAR’s Sri Lanka project, capacities, and forgiveness in the generation, co-directed by program members Donna Hicks perpetuation, and resolution of conflict; and and William Weisberg, has entered its fourth (3) the interface between conflict resolution year. In December 1999, Donna Hicks, William efforts and human rights activities, as well as Weisberg, and Rhoda Margesson convened a the more traditional governmental activities of meeting in the Maldives with influential peacekeeping and peacemaking. members of the two political parties from the Practice is at the core of PICAR activities. It Sinhalese community. The goal was to try to involves the design and implementation of foster consensus between the two parties on problem-solving workshops in which members how to resolve the seventeen-year war with of communities in conflict meet together for an the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. intensive three-to-four day period to engage in The program hosted a seminar series on the “joint thinking” about solutions to the problems theory and practice of international conflict that divide them. Such joint thinking is resolution. In addition, a number of research promoted by the careful choice of participants, seminars for scholar-practitioners in the field by a well-developed set of ground rules, and were held over the course of the academic year. by bringing the basic human needs of identity Program members also conducted a one and a and security into the foreground of the half day seminar for the WCFIA Fellows political discussion. Program, focusing on the theory and practice PICAR workshops of 1999-2000 included of interactive problem-solving as an unofficial the Middle East project, co-chaired by PICAR approach to conflict analysis and resolution. Director Herbert Kelman and Professor Nadim PICAR members were also involved in teaching, Rouhana, which was a joint Israeli-Palestinian curriculum development and training activities, working group composed of influential both locally and internationally. Finally, Donna members of both communities. They met in Hicks and her colleague William Weisberg Ramallah, West Bank in July 1999 to resume taught a week-long course on conflict resolution discussion of the joint concept papers on the for the International Institute for Political and future relationship envisaged for the two Economic Studies in Athens, Greece. communities and the issue of Israeli PICAR’s Director is Herbert C. Kelman, settlements. The group published two papers in Donna Hicks is the deputy director, and 1999: “General Principles for the Final Israeli- Ursula Leitzmann is the staff assistant. Palestinian Agreement,” and “The Palestinian Seminar on International Conflict February 24 Analysis and Resolution “Human Rights and Ethnic Conflict: Chairs: Nadim Rouhana and Donna Hicks The Case of Kosovo,” Jennifer Leaning, September 24 professor of international health, Harvard School of Public Health; assistant professor “Adventures in Track II Diplomacy,” a day- of medicine, Harvard Medical School. long symposium on the occasion of Herbert C. Kelman’s retirement, 9:00 March 20 a.m.–6:30 p.m. Harvard Faculty Club. “Addressing Dehumanization in Struggles October 4 for Coexistence,” Martha Minow, professor of law, Harvard Law School; member, “Dealing with National Identity and Independent Commission on Kosovo. Power Relationships in the Process of Inter-Group Dialogue: The Case of April 17 Palestinian-Israeli Groups,” Ariella “History, Teaching, and Conflict Friedman, professor of social psychology, Resolution: The Case of Northern Department of Psychology and Social Ireland,” Margaret Smith, assistant Work, Tel-Aviv University, Israel. professor of peace and conflict resolution, October 25 American University, Washington, D.C. “Religion, Nationalism, and Human May 1 Rights,” David Little, T.J. Dermot “How South Africa Made Its Peace: The Dunphy Professor of the Practice in Role of Reconciliation and Healing in Religion, Ethnicity and International South Africa’s Transition to Democracy,” Conflict, Harvard Divinity School. Susan Collin Marks, executive vice November 22 president, Search for Common Ground, Washington, D.C. “Psychocultural Dramas: Culture and Identity Dynamics in Ethnic Conflict,” PICAR Members Marc Howard Ross, William F. Kenan, Jr. Herbert C. Kelman, director, PICAR; Richard Professor, Department of Political Science, Clarke Cabot Research Professor of Social Bryn Mawr College. Ethics, Harvard University December 6 Donna Hicks, Ph.D., deputy director, PICAR “A Journey from the Laboratory to the Camilo Azcarate, Massachusetts Office of Field: Insights on Resolving Differences Dispute Resolution, Boston through Negotiations,” Daniel Druckman, Institute for Conflict Analysis and Eileen Babbitt, professor of conflict resolution, Resolution (ICAR), George Mason Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, University, Fairfax, Virginia. Tufts University February 7 Susan Korper “Peace in Sudan: Two Approaches,” Alan Rhoda Margesson, Fletcher School of Law Goulty, ambassador to Sudan (1995- and Diplomacy, Tufts University 1999), Weatherhead Center Fellow; and Nadim Rouhana, professor of psychology, Craig Harris. University of Massachusetts, Boston

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 37 Jeff Seul, J.D., lecturer, Harvard Law School inception and has included a full range of Pamela Steiner, Ed. D. issues in bilateral relations, domestic problems that bear on Japan’s international behavior, Rebecca Wolfe, Department of Psychology, and Japan’s relations with the rest of the world. Harvard University In the 1990s, much research and discussion focused on Japan’s expanding international INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL role in the fields of development, energy, AFFAIRS environmental protection, and security. International Environmental Each year, the program hosts academics, Affairs Seminar government officials, business people and journalists, and awards several advanced Together with the Belfer Center for Science and research fellowships to scholarly applicants with International Affairs, the Weatherhead Center outstanding research credentials. While in sponsored a periodic dinner seminar series, residence at Harvard for the academic year, designed to promote interaction among faculty associates take part in the seminars, roundtables, and advanced graduate students working in and other functions of the program; attend fields related to international and comparative classes and other activities in the Harvard environmental policies, politics, and institutions. community; present the results of their research The seminars were by invitation, including a in public panels; and prepare research reports core group of participants along with those that are published as the Occasional Papers of with specific interests in the topics of the the Program on U.S.–Japan Relations and seminar. Speakers included Jane Lubchenco, distributed to policymakers and research chair of the National Science Board’s report on organizations around the world. Although most environmental research for the 21st century, associates are from Japan and the United States, Robert Corell, former chair of the international the program has also included individuals from governmental consortium for funding a variety of East Asian and European countries. multilateral environmental science endeavors, and others. During the academic year, the program invites leading commentators on issues in U.S.- JAPAN AND U.S.-JAPAN RELATIONS Japan relations and related topics to speak at a weekly luncheon seminar series that is open to The Program on U.S.-Japan Relations the public. The seminars are typically attended The Program on U.S.–Japan Relations enables by 30 to 60 faculty members, researchers, outstanding scholars and practitioners to come graduate students, and undergraduates from together at Harvard to conduct independent Harvard University, MIT, the Fletcher School, research on topics in contemporary bilateral and other neighboring institutions, as well as relations and to participate in an ongoing interested members of the wider community. dialogue on those topics with other members In 1999-2000, the seminar series featured a of the Harvard University and greater number of prominent individuals, including: Cambridge and Boston communities. The Ronald Dore, a senior research fellow at the program was founded in 1980 on the belief London School of Economics; Chalmers that the United States and Japan have become Johnson, professor emeritus at the University of so interdependent that the problems they face California; Jeffrey Sachs, director of Harvard’s urgently require cooperation. The program’s Center for International Development; and intellectual mandate has been broad since its Shunji Yanai, Japanese Ambassador to the United States. The program annually honors a Distinguished (1996-98), and representative, Japanese Visitor, who spends several days at Harvard to House of Representatives (co-sponsored offer a luncheon seminar, speaks at a dinner held by the Edwin O. Reischauer Institute for in his or her honor, and meets with students. In Japanese Studies). 1999-2000, the program honored Ryutaro October 19 Hashimoto, former prime minister of Japan (1996-98) and a representative in the Diet. Prime “What Happened to Foreign Policy? The Minister Hashimoto spoke on the course taken Missing Issue in American Politics,” William by Japanese politics and policy in the 1990s. Schneider, senior political analyst, CNN. Susan J. Pharr, Edwin O. Reischauer October 26 Professor of Japanese Politics, continues to “The Essence of the Toyota Production serve as director of the Program on U.S.-Japan System: Five Rules-in-Use for Managing Relations. Frank Schwartz, the program’s Complex Organizations,” Steven Spear, associate director, was ably assisted by program assistant professor, Harvard Business School. coordinator Jana Van der Veer and staff assistant Ken Marden. November 4 “A Transnational Industrial Policy? Public U.S.-Japan Seminar Series Financing of Japanese Foreign Direct Chair: Susan Pharr Investment,” Mireya Solis, assistant September 21 professor, Department of Politics, “The Asian Crisis: What Did We Learn?” Brandeis University. Jeffrey Sachs, director, Center for November 9 International Development, Kennedy School of Government. “Grey Power? Age and Party Choice in Japan, 1983-98,” Paul Talcott, advanced research September 28 fellow, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations. “The Japanese Economy and Corporate November 18 Reform: What Path to Sustainable Prosperity?” William Lazonick, visiting “U.S.-Japan Relations and APEC,” Ellis scholar, The European Institute of Krauss, professor of Japanese politics, Business Administration (INSEAD); Graduate School of International University Professor, University of Relations and Pacific Studies (IRPS), Massachusetts at Lowell. University of California at San Diego. October 5 November 30 “The End of Japanese Capitalism?” Ronald “Internationalization of the Yen: Prospects Dore, senior research fellow, Centre for for Japan’s Power in Asia,” William Economic Performance, London School of Grimes, visiting professor, Department of Economics (co-sponsored by the Edwin O. Government, Harvard University; assistant Reischauer Institute for Japanese Studies). professor, Department of International Relations, Boston University. October 12 December 7 Distinguished Visitor Lecture: “U.S.-Japan Relations in the World Today,” Ryutaro “Japan’s New Information Disclosure Law: Hashimoto, former prime minister A Sign of Change?” Patricia Maclachlan,

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 39 assistant professor of Asian studies; “Building Global Civil Society from the adjunct professor of government, Outside In? Japanese International University of Texas at Austin. Development NGOs, the State, and International Norms,” Kim Reimann, December 16 doctoral fellow, Hauser Center for “Security Trends in Northeast Asia: Is War Nonprofit Organizations, Harvard Obsolete?” Michael Green, Olin Senior University. Fellow for Asian Security; Council on Discussant: Andrew Gordon, professor, Foreign Relations; acting director, Department of History; director, Reischauer Center for East Asian Studies, Reischauer Institute of Japanese Studies, Nitze School of Advanced International Harvard University. Studies (SAIS). February 29 February 8 “Trade Associations, Self-Regulation, and “U.S.-Japan Relations: Looking Toward the Antimonopoly Law in Japan,” Ulrike the Next Millennium,” Shunji Yanai, Schaede, visiting associate professor, Japanese Ambassador to the United States. Harvard Business School; associate February 10 professor, School of International Relations and Pacific Studies, University of California “The Future of the Japanese Manufacturing at San Diego (co-sponsored by East Asian System,” Takahiro Fujimoto, associate Legal Studies, Harvard Law School). professor of economics, University of Tokyo. March 9 February 17 “Japan and the World Bank in Vietnam,” “In Search of an Alternative World Order: Naoko Ishii, program coordinator for The Role of International Nongovern- Vietnam, World Bank. mental Organizations,” Akira Iriye, professor of history, Harvard University March 16 (co-sponsored by the Hauser Center for “Grassroots Activism: Japan and America Nonprofit Organizations, Kennedy School Compared,” Richard Forrest, coordinator, of Government). U.S.-Japan Common Agenda Public- February 24 Private Partnership Initiative; former Eastern Asia representative, National Civil Society in Japan in Comparative Wildlife Federation (co-sponsored by Perspective the Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations, Kennedy School of Panel: Government). “Uncommon Blooms? Civil Society in Japan and the Asia-Pacific,” Susan Pharr, March 23 director, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations, “The Legitimacy of International Norms: Harvard University. The U.S.-Japan Confrontation at the UN “Civil Society in Japan,” Robert over Fishing,” Isao Miyaoka, research Pekkanen, Academy Scholar, Harvard fellow, Institute of Social Science, Academy for International and Area University of Tokyo; academic associate, Studies. Program on U.S.-Japan Relations (co- sponsored by the Seminar on Ethics and International Affairs). April 6 “Managing the Sustainable Development “Nationalism and the Debate over of Japan’s Regions,” Nobuo Ino, Constitutional Revision in Japan,” Yukio Development Bank of Japan. Matsuyama, honorary chair, Editorial “The Future of the Japanese and Board, Asahi Shinbun. American Labor Markets,” Koki April 11 Hayakawa, Tokyo Gas Company. “Blowback: The Costs and Consequences “Human Resource Management in an Age of American Empire,” Chalmers Johnson, of Independent Individuals,” Tatsuya president, Japan Policy Research Institute; Oishi, Idemitsu Kosan Company. professor emeritus, University of California Discussant: Margarita Estevez-Abe, assistant (co-sponsored by the Reischauer Institute professor of political science, University of of Japanese Studies). Minnesota. April 13 April 25 “The Security Implications of Japan’s Managing the New Economy Foreign Direct Investment in East Asia,” Panel: Patricia Nelson, advanced research fellow, “What Can Japanese Banks Learn from Program on U.S.-Japan Relations. American Financial Institutions?” Osamu April 18 Hoshi, Mitsubishi Trust and Banking Company. Japan’s Evolving Foreign Economic Policy Panel: “Managing the Internet,” Hidekazu “Reforming Japan’s Official Development Tanaka, Ministry of Posts and Tele- Assistance,” Kuninori Kuroishi, Japan communications, Japan. Bank for International Cooperation. “Intellectual Property Rights Policy in “Choosing an Exchange-Rate Regime for Japan and the United States,” Tomoyoshi Asia,” Yasuhiro Maki, Ministry of Finance, Yahag i, Ministry of International Trade Japan. and Industry, Japan. Discussant: Henry Laurence, assistant professor Discussant: William Grimes, visiting professor of government and Asian studies, Bowdoin of government, Harvard University; assistant College. professor of international relations, Boston University. April 27 “Losing Faith in Government: Japan and April 20 America Compared,” Russell Dalton, Reviving and Reforming the Japanese professor of political science; director, Economy Research Program on Democratization, Panel: Center for the Study of Democracy, “Industrial Clusters and Regional University of California at Irvine. Competitiveness in the United States and Japan,” Kazumasa Higashi, May 2 Yomiuri Shinbun. “Macroeconomic and Structural Perspectives on the Japanese Crisis,” David Weinstein, professor of economics, Columbia University. ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 41 May 4 Discussant: Margarita Estévez-Abe, University of Minnesota Defending Japanese Security “Japan’s Civil Society Organizations in Panel: Comparative Perspective,” Yutaka Tsujinaka, “The Evolution of Japan’s Politico-Security Tsukuba University. Role in the Asia-Pacific,” Seiichiro Otsuka, Discussant: Hagen Koo, University of Hawaii Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan. at Manoa “Japan’s Future Security Strategy and the January 14 Role of the Self-Defense Forces,” Junichi Session Three Araki, Air Self-Defense Force, Japan. Moderator: Muthiah Alagappa, East-West “Japan’s Energy Supply Security,” Center Hirofumi Nishimura, Tokyo Electric “Voluntary Civil Associations as Company, Japan. Administrative Partners: Parallel Cases Discussant: Sheila Smith, assistant professor of of Gyokai Dantai and Shimin Dantai,” international relations, Boston University. Margarita Estévez-Abe, University of January 12-15, 2000 Minnesota. Global Perspectives on Civil Society in Japan Discussant: Andrew Gordon, Harvard Co-sponsored by the Program on U.S.- University Japan Relations and the East-West Center “Redefining the Conservative Coalition: East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii Agriculture and Small Business in 1990s Japan,” Robert Bullock, Cornell University. January 12 Discussant: Patricia Maclachlan, University of Welcome by Susan Pharr, Harvard Texas at Austin University Session Four January 13 Moderator: Andrew Gordon, Harvard Session One University Moderator: Susan Pharr, Harvard University “The Decline of Associational Functions of “What Is Civil Society?” Frank Schwartz, Labor Unions in Postwar Japan,” Akira Harvard University. Suzuki, Hosei University. Discussants: Helmut Anheier, London School Discussant: Sheldon Garon, Princeton of Economics; Susan Pharr, Harvard University University “A Tale of Two Systems: Prosecuting “Civil Society in Japan,” Robert Corruption in Japan and Italy,” David Pekkanen, Harvard University. Johnson, University of Hawaii at Manoa. Discussants: Patricia Steinhoff, University of Discussant: Susan Pharr, Harvard Hawaii at Manoa; Toshio Yamagishi, Universi Hokkaido University Session Two January 15 Moderator: Yasunori Sone, Keio University Session Five “From Meiji to Heisei: The State and Civil Moderator: Yutaka Tsujinaka, Tsukuba Society in Japan,” Sheldon Garon, University Princeton University. “The Effects of Electoral Reform,” Nobuhiro Hirofumi Nishimura, Tokyo Electric Hiwatari, University Power Company of Tokyo. Tatsuya Oishi, Idemitsu Kosan Company Discussant: Robert Bullock, Cornell University Seiichiro Otsuka, Ministry of Foreign Affairs “The Struggle for an Independent Paul Talcott, Harvard University Consumer Society: Consumer Activism and the State’s Response in Postwar Japan,” Hidekazu Tanaka, Ministry of Posts and Patricia Maclachlan, University Telecommunications of Texas at Austin. Tomoyoshi Yahagi, Ministry of International Discussant: Yasunori Sone, Keio University Trade and Industry Session Six Occasional Paper Series Moderator: Helmut Anheier, London School Junichi Araki of Economics “Japan’s Security Strategy and the Relevance “Trust and Social Intelligence in Japan,” and Difficulties of New Roles for the Japan Toshio Yamagishi, Hokkaido University. Self-Defense Force” Discussant: Patricia Steinhoff, University of Hawaii at Manoa Koki Hayakawa “Building Global Civil Society from the “The Future Employment System: Comparing Outside In? Japanese International the Japanese and U.S. Labor Markets” Development NGOs, the State, and Kazumasa Higashi International Norms,” Kim Reimann, “High-Tech Clusters in the United States and Harvard University. Japan” Discussants: Yutaka Tsujinaka, Tsukuba University; Muthiah Alagappa, East-West Osamu Hoshi Center. “The Malaise of Japanese Banks: What They Must Do To Revive” Associates of the Program on U.S.- Japan Relations Nobuo Ino Junichi Araki, Air Self-Defense Force “Management Methods for Sustainable Koki Hayakawa, Tokyo Gas Company Development in Regional Governments” Kazumasa Higashi, Yomiuri Shinbun Takashi Kageyama Osamu Hoshi, Mitsubishi Trust and Banking “U.S. vs. Japanese Styles of Negotiation: A Corporation Case Study of the 1997 Negotiations on Nobuo Ino, Development Bank of Japan Global Climate Change” Takashi Kageyama, Ministry of Agriculture, Kuninori Kuroishi Forestry, and Fisheries “Japan’s ODA” Kuninori Kuroishi, Japan Bank for International Cooperation Yasuhiro Maki Yasuhiro Maki, Ministry of Finance “Toward a More Desirable System of Foreign Exchange Management in Asia: Possible Roles Isao Miyaoka, University of Tokyo for Japan and the United States” Patricia Nelson, University of Warwick

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 43 Isao Miyaoka term of 2000, the seminar was devoted to a “Global Environmental Politics and Japan” special series of eight presentations on "The Middle East Peace Process and Its Vicissitudes." Patricia Nelson The series culminated in a day-long symposium “The Security Implications of Japan’s Foreign on the same topic, held on May 4, 2000, which Direct Investment in East Asia” included six speakers and two discussants. The special series and the symposium celebrated the Hirofumi Nishimura 25th anniversary of the founding of the seminar “Japan’s Energy Supply Security” and the 22 years of Professor Kelman's leadership of it. The papers presented in this Tatsuya Oishi series, including the symposium, will be “Human Resource Management in an Age of published as a unit. Individualism” The seminar was funded by the Weatherhead Seiichiro Otsuka Center and the Center for Middle Eastern “The Evolution of Japan’s Politico-Security Studies. Additional funds for the May 4 Role in the Asia-Pacific Region: An Insider’s symposium were gratefully received from Linda View” and Richard Friedman of New Orleans. September 30 Paul Talcott “The Experience of the Iraqi Opposition “Healthcare Reform in Japan and Implications since the Gulf War,” Kanan Makiya, writer for U.S.-Japan Trade Issues” on Iraqi Affairs; author of The Republic of Hidekazu Tanaka Fear; adjunct professor at Brandeis “The Management of Internet Domain University. Names” October 14 Tomoyoshi Yahagi “Post Earthquake Politics in Turkey,” “A Comparative Study of Patent Policy in the Cengiz Çandar, columnist, Sabah; senior United States and Japan” fellow, United States Institute of Peace. October 28 MIDDLE EAST “Courting Liberty: High Courts and Middle East Seminar Religious Extremism in Egypt and Israel,” The Center’s Middle East Seminar is co- Eva Bellin, associate professor of sponsored by the Center for Middle Eastern government, Harvard University. Studies. The seminar has been chaired since November 18 1978 by Herbert Kelman; since 1996 it has “The Politics of Donor Aid in the West been chaired by Lenore G. Martin and Sara Roy, jointly with Professor Kelman. Bank and Gaza: A Re-Evaluation,” Chinmaya R. Gharekhan, under- In the fall of 1999, seminar sessions focused secretary-general, United Nations; special on a variety of political and sociocultural issues coordinator in the Occupied Territories; in Iraq, Turkey, Egypt, Israel, the Palestinian Authority, and Syria. Starting with the representative of the Secretary-General to December 9 session and throughout the spring the Multilateral Talks on the Middle East Peace Process. December 2 April 6 “Looking at You, Looking at Us: A Note “Hamas and the Transformation of on Islam, Secularism and the West,” Political Islam in Palestine,” Sara Roy, Sadik Al-Azm, professor of philosophy, associate at the Center for Middle Eastern University of Damascus. Studies; co-chair, WCFIA/CMES Middle December 9 East Seminar. “Conflict Resolution and the Middle East April 13 Peace Process,” Tahseen Basheer, former “A Preliminary Approach to a Framework Ambassador of Egypt to Canada; former for Security for Israel and a Palestinian spokesman for President Anwar Al-Sadat State,” Lenore Martin, professor and February 17 chair of political science, Emmanuel “Inter-Civilizational Dialogue as a Variety College; co-chair, WCFIA/CMES Middle of Interactive Conflict Resolution: The East Seminar. Case of Islam and the Middle East,” April 27 Bassam Tibi, Georgia Augusta Professor of International Relations, University of “U.S. Policy on Jerusalem,” Walid Khalidi, Göttingen; Busch Fellow, Weatherhead historian, professor, and founder, Institute Center for International Affairs. for Palestine Studies, Washington, Beirut, Paris. March 2 “Missed Opportunities for Peace?” Moshe May 4 Ma'oz, professor of Middle Eastern The Middle East Peace Process and Its studies; former director of the Harry S. Vicissitudes Truman Research Institute for Peace, the Presentations: Hebrew University of Jerusalem. “The Impact of an Israeli-Palestinian Peace March 16 Agreement on the Palestinians in Jordan,” “Israeli Intelligence and the Peace Adnan Abu Odeh, former Ambassador of Process,” Shlomo Gazit, former head Jordan to the United Nations. of Israeli Military Intelligence; former “Binationalism in Israel and Historic president of Ben-Gurion University of Palestine: Dilemmas of Political Realities the Negev. and National Consciousness,” Nadim March 23 Rouhana, associate professor in the Graduate Program in Dispute Resolution “The Multi-Level Peace Process in the at the University of Massachusetts-Boston; Middle East,” Harold Saunders, director associate at the Weatherhead Center for of international affairs, Kettering International Affairs. Foundation; former assistant secretary of state for Near Eastern and South “The Middle East Peace Process: Red Lines Asian Affairs. and Security Arrangements,” Ze'ev Schiff, defense correspondent for Ha'aretz daily newspaper.

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 45 “Peace of the Brave? Personal Reflections These two strands of research work to identify on What Went Wrong,” Suad Amiry, conflict regions before they erupt into violence director of Riwaq Centre; Palestinian and to actively promote nonviolent alternatives negotiator to the Washington Peace Talks, to armed conflict. 1992-93. Program research, analysis, and direct “Dialogue and Its Relationship to the interventions focus largely on conflicts Peace Process,” Naomi Chazan, deputy between culturally distinct groups in situations speaker of the Knesset (Meretz); professor of sharp structural asymmetry with emphasis of political science, Hebrew University of on disputes over land and natural resources Jerusalem. and indigenous rights. Program affiliates are currently involved in research on Colombia, “Requirements for a Historic Compromise,” Ecuador, the Galapagos Islands, Guatemala, Herbert C. Kelman, Cabot Research the Upper Amazon, and Nicaragua, as well as Professor of Social Ethics at Harvard social movements in Africa and Asia. University. PONSACS also hosts the Oil in Fragile Discussants: Everett Mendelsohn, professor Environments Dialogues, bringing together of the history of science and chair of the oil companies, indigenous organizations, and department, Harvard University; Landrum environmental NGOs to discuss the social and Bolling, senior advisor, Conflict environmental impact of oil exploration in Management Group Latin America. The dialogues are facilitated by Ted Macdonald. PONSACS hosted two NONVIOLENT SANCTIONS AND dialogues during the 1999-2000 year. CULTURAL SURVIVAL The PANDA Project, headed by Doug Bond, Program on Nonviolent Sanctions is designed to illuminate the rich domain of and Cultural Survival (PONSACS) conflict interactions where physical and coercive force is not employed, even as accommodative The Program on Nonviolent Sanctions and exchanges are ruled out. Such nonviolent direct Cultural Survival (PONSACS) studies action is no less intense than violent direct situations of conflict, principally those within action; and, like violence, nonviolent direct rather than between countries, in order to action does not offer any promise of success understand their nature and the capabilities in the service of its diverse causes. We suggest, of nonviolent actions in support of human however, that by monitoring and examining rights and civil liberties. The program’s interaction events with a “data lens” that is rationale is based on the simple premise that sensitive to nonviolent direct action (such as political power is rooted in and continually the PANDA protocol), we can track and dependent upon cooperation and obedience, compare the evolution of conflict manifest in and that each can be withdrawn. both violent and nonviolent behaviors. PONSACS combines the quantitative Ultimately, we seek to empirically assess the approach of the PANDA (Protocol for the potential and limits of nonviolent direct action Assessment of Nonviolent Direct Action) as a functional substitute for the use of physical Project, an automated early warning system, force or violence in conflict interactions. with the anthropological insights provided by on-the-ground research in conflict regions. PONSACS Affiliates means. Speakers come from diverse S. James Anaya, Program Affiliate backgrounds and have included prominent anthropologists, politicians, physicians, and Douglas Bond, Associate Director academics. Topics have included ethnic identity Joseph Bond, Program Affiliate and conflict in Europe, managing humanitarian Lucia Clark, Program Graduate Student Affiliate emergencies, and indigenous rights and the David Edeli, Program Student Affiliate environment in Latin America. Amanda Flohr, Program Coordinator Throughout the year, several talks were held in collaboration with the David Rockefeller Bret Gustafson, Weatherhead Center Graduate Center for Latin American Studies, Harvard Student Associate Law School, the Department of Anthropology, Pippa Heylings, Program Affiliate Cultural Survival, Inc., and OXFAM-America. Llewellyn D. Howell, Weatherhead Center November 4 Associate “Human Rights and the Peace Process in Theodore Macdonald, Associate Director Colombia: An Indigenous View,” Senator Ian MacIntosh, Program Affiliate Francisco Rojas Birry, Embera-Katío David Maybury-Lewis, Director Indian; representative of Colombia's indigenous people in the Colombian Churl Oh, Program Affiliate National Senate. Peter Poole, Program Affiliate February 16 Jennifer Schirmer, Weatherhead Center Associate “What is Political Risk? The Integration of Political and Economic Development,” Kurt Schock, Weatherhead Center Associate Llewellyn D. Howell, Ponsacs associate Seminar on Ethnicity, Culture, and 1999-2000; professor, Thunderbird–The Change American Graduate School of International Management. Chair: David Maybury-Lewis During the academic year 1999-2000, the February 23 Program on Nonviolent Sanctions and “Race, Culture, and Malaysian Foreign Cultural Survival hosted a seminar series titled, Policy,” Llewellyn D. Howell, Ponsacs “Seminars on Ethnicity, Culture, and Change.” associate 1999-2000; professor, The series reflects the program’s ongoing Thunderbird–The American Graduate research and other activities into specific or School of International Management. anticipated conflicts. The seminar provides an opportunity to publicly review and critique April 20 some of PONSACS’ current activities and “Mining in Peru: Grassroots Strategies research initiatives. of Andean Indigenous Communities,” The seminar focuses on the relationship Miguel Palacín Quispe, president of the between ethnicity, specifically in situations National Federation of Communities where ethnic groups stand in sharp asymmetry; Effected by Mining; and José de Echave, conflict, particularly where natural resources are economist and deputy director for in dispute; and change, understood as local Program for Cooperacción, a Peruvian efforts to alter asymmetry through nonviolent Environmental NGO.

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 47 May 18 Occasionally, other scholars are invited to Indigenous Tribal Sovereignty and present their research. Over the past few years, Pluri-Ethnic States Presented jointly such presenters have included Torben Iversen, by PONSACS, the Department of Sid Verba, Robert Bates, Thomas Ertman, and Anthropology, Harvard Law School, Ronald Inglehart. and Cultural Survival, Inc. September 29 “Subsistence and Sovereignty in Alaska,” One Way to Approach Proposal Writing Professor Rosita Worl, Sealaska Heritage “SSRC Proposal: Courting Liberty,” Eva Foundation, Juneau, Alaska. Bellin. “Indigenous Peoples and International Discussant: Mala Htun Law,” Professor S. James Anaya, James Rodgers College of Law, University of October 6 Arizona. “A Macro-Institutional Approach to Immigrant Political Incorporation,” PERFORMANCE OF DEMOCRACY Irene Bloemraad. Discussants: Eva Bellin and Harumi Furuya Research Workshop on the Performance of Democracy October 13 The Performance of Democracy Workshop, “A Nation of Organizers: The Institutional now in its seventh year, is a year-long research Origins of Civic Voluntarism in the workshop for Harvard doctoral students in the United States,” Theda Skocpol. social sciences (although students from other Discussants: Irene Bloemraad and area schools also participate if space permits). Cristina Rojas Papers presented in the workshop deal with October 20 issues covering the challenges of democracy “Bowling Alone” (Chapter Title: “Thinking and democratization. The workshop was led about Social Change in America”), Robert this year by Robert Putnam, Susan Pharr, Putnam. Theda Skocpol, and Eva Bellin. Discussants: Mathias Dufour and Lily Tsai Supported initially by a grant from the Mellon Foundation, the seminar was developed October 27 under the leadership of Robert Putnam when “Are Citizens Cynical or Lax? Corruption he was director of the Center. It is overseen by Tolerance and One-Party Dominance,” an executive committee consisting of Jorge Susan Pharr. Domínguez, Grzegorz Ekiert, Samuel Discussants: Victor Shih and Ted Miguel Huntington, Susan Pharr, Robert Putnam, Michael Sandel, and Theda Skocpol. November 3 The workshop provides a venue for graduate “Rewriting the Rules: Left Party Strategies students in comparative and American politics of Constitutional Reform,” Alan Jacobs. to present draft dissertation prospectuses and Discussant: Rieko Kage chapters, while other workshop participants serve as discussants. Faculty leading the “Is Sector Irrelevant in Cross-Sector workshop also present research in progress, Organizations? The Case of Develop- allowing graduate students to engage with mental Venture Capital,” Julia Rubin. research that is “not yet ready for prime time.” Discussant: Robert Putnam November 10 February 2 “Gender Rights in Argentina, Brazil, and “Incentives can Move Mountains: When Chile,” Mala Htun. and How Can International Institutions Discussants: Alan Jacobs and Julia Rubin Influence State Behavior? The Case of European Integration and Policies on November 17 Ethnic Minorities in Latvia and Estonia,” “Ethnic Diversity and School Funding in Judith Kelley. Kenya,” Ted Miguel. Discussant: Paula Frederick Discussant: Quinn Mecham February 9 “Why Does China Subsidize State-Owned “Tibetans and the Politics of Democracy Enterprises?” Victor Shih. and Exile Government,” Lobsang Sangay. Discussant: Ethan Scheiner Discussant: Alan Jacobs December 1 February 16 “Representation, Violence, and the Uneven “Democracy Without Competition: Development of Capitalism,” Cristina Rojas. Opposition Failure in Post-LDP Split Discussant: Mala Htun Japan,” Ethan Scheiner. “New Politics in Advanced Industrialized Discussant: Susan Pharr Societies: A Review Article,” Rieko Kage. February 23 Discussant: Paula Fredericks “Patriotic Partnerships: Voluntarism and December 8 the U.S. States from the Civil to Global “Participatory Institutions and Local War,” Theda Skocpol. Governance,” Lily Tsai. Discussant: Christian Brunelli Discussant: Lobsang Sangay March 1 “Explaining Immigration Policymaking “Citizenship and Immigration,” Irene in France and Germany, 1971 to Present: Bloemraad. A Cultural-Institutionalist Approach,” Discussant: Bonnie Meguid Harumi Furuya. March 8 Discussant: Judith Kelley “Social Embeddedness, Political December 15 Autonomy, and the Explanation of Police “The Regulation of Prostitution: Performance: A Historical and Comparative Isomorphic Responses to Venereal Disease Perspective,” Christian Brunelli. in the Military in 19th Century Britain Discussant: Theda Skocpol and Netherlands,” Paula Frederick. March 15 Discussant: Susan Pharr “Citizens and Government in Rural “Does Political Liberty Affect China,” Lily Tsai. Development? Assessing the Performance Discussant: Ted Miguel of the New African Democracies,” Quinn Mecham. Discussant: Theda Skocpol

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 49 March 22 List of Participants “International Women’s Movement and Faculty National Gender Politics,” Dongxiao Liu. Robert Putnam, Stanford Professor of Inter- Discussant: Lobsang Sangay national Peace, Department of Government April 5 Susan Pharr, Edwin O. Reischauer “Private Associations, Public Functions: Professor of Japanese Politics, Department Environmental Associations in Japan, the of Government U.S. and France,” Rieko Kage. Theda Skocpol, Professor of Government Discussant: Ethan Scheiner and Sociology Eva Bellin, Associate Professor, Department “The Politics of Lending,” Victor Shih. of Government Discussant: Dongxiao Liu Graduate Students and Other Participating April 12 Faculty “Certified Capital Companies: The Irene Bloemraad, Department of Sociology Latest Wave in State-Assisted Venture Christian Brunelli, Department of Capital Companies,” Julia Rubin. Government Discussant: Victor Shih Mathias Dufour, Special Student “Understanding Policy Failure: The Paula Fredericks, Department of Sociology Overlooked Role of Ethnic Credibility Harumi Furuya, Department of in Party Strategies,” Bonnie Meguid. Government Discussant: Rieko Kage Mala Htun, Department of Government April 19 Alan Jacobs, Department of Government Professionalization: Q&A Presentation by Rieko Kage, Department of Government Faculty Judith Kelley, Kennedy School of “Why is Participation Lower in Diverse Government Communities? Evidence from Kenya,” Ted Miguel. Dongxiao Liu, Department of Sociology Discussant: Lily Tsai Quinn Mecham, Department of Government, Stanford University April 26 Bonnie Meguid, Department of “Origins of Islamic Political Mobilization,” Government Quinn Mecham. Ted Miguel, Department of Economics Discussant: Eva Bellin Christina Rojas, Visiting Scholar, DRCLAS “Government in Exile and Democracy,” Julia Rubin, Organizational Behavior, Lobsang Sangay. Harvard Business School Discussant: Susan Pharr Lobsang Sangay, Law School May 3 Ethan Scheiner, Department of “Governing for the Long Term: Government, Duke University Democratic Politics and Policy Victor Shih, Department of Government Investment,” Alan Jacobs. Lily Tsai, Department of Government Discussant: Quinn Mecham POLITICAL ECONOMY International Financial and Monetary Agreements,” Barbara Koremenos, University Faculty Discussion Group on Political of California at Los Angeles. Economy This group, begun by Jeffry Frieden in 1995, PEIF Participants continued to meet weekly throughout the year, Paul Bergen, Economics, University of drawing faculty from Harvard’s Departments California at Davis of Government and Economics, the Harvard Lawrence Broz, Government, Harvard Law School, the Kennedy School of University Government, and from other Boston-area Michele Chang, Political Science, Colgate academic institutions. Each week the group University discussed a previously distributed paper to help foster an atmosphere of scholarly Benjamin Cohen, University of California at interchange on a wide range of subjects related Santa Barbara to political economy. Michael Dooley, Economics, University of California at Santa Clara Research Group on the Political Economy of International Finance Barry Eichengreen, Economics, University of (PEIF) California at Berkeley Michelle Fratianni, Business Economics and The Research Group on the Political Economy Public Policy, University of Indiana of International Finance (PEIF) is a joint activity of the Weatherhead Center and the Jeffry Frieden, Government, Harvard University Center for German and European Studies John Freeman, Political Science, University of (CGES) of the University of California. One Minnesota meeting was held this year on February 25, Giulio Gallarotti, Government, Wesleyan 1999 in Cambridge. Additional meetings are University planned for 2000-01. Geoffry Garrett, Political Science, Yale Organizers: Jeffry Frieden, Andrew Rose, and University Barry Eichengreen Richard Grossman, Economics, Wesleyan February 25, 1999 University Cambridge, Massachusetts Mark Hallerberg, Political Science, University “International Bailouts, Domestic Institutions of Pittsburgh and Moral Hazard,” Olivier Jeanne, IMF Olivier Jeanne, International Monetary Fund Research Department; Jeromin Zettelmeyer, Research Department IMF Research Department. Miles Kahler, Economics, University of “The Political Economy of Capital Account California at San Diego Liberalization Around the World,” Geoffrey Devesh Kapur, Government, Harvard Garrett, Yale University. University “The Role of the BIS in Reconciling Global Ken Kletzer, Economics, University of Markets and National Regulations,” Michele California at Santa Cruz Fratianni, Indiana University; John Pattison, Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce. Barbara Koremenos, Political Science, University of California at Los Angeles “Bending But Not Breaking: Flexibility in

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 51 David Leblang, Political Science, University of 2000 were James Alt, Robert Bates, Yoshiko Northern Texas Herrera, Sylvia Maxfield, Ed Schwartz, and Lisa Martin, Government, Harvard University Kenneth Shepsle. Helen Milner, Politicial Science, Columbia The workshop held both internal and University external (public) seminars and meetings. At the internal meetings, approximately ten Maury Obstfeld, Economics, University of a semester, graduate students and faculty California at Berkeley presented their work to each other. At the John Parttison, Canadian Imperial Bank of external meetings, one or two a semester, we Commerce invited leading scholars in political economy Richard Portes, Haas School of Business, to Harvard to present their work to the University of California at Berkeley workshop and to others that attended the public Dennis Quinn, Business, Georgetown seminars. Funding from the Weatherhead University Center supported travel, lodging, and other expenses associated with these public seminars. Andrew Rose, Haas School of Business, University of California at Berkeley September 29 Beth Simmons, Political Science, University of "Comparing Tax Expenditures and Direct California at Berkeley Subsidies: the Role of Legislative Committee Thomas Willett, Economics, Claremont Structure," Dhammika Dharmapala. McKenna College Discussant: Jeff Milyo Jeromin Zettelmeyer, International Monetary October 6 Fund Research Department Brainstorming Session Research Workshop on Positive "Proposed Research on Fiscal Policy Political Economy Decision Making," David Skilling. The Research Workshop on Positive Political "Legislators' Personal Policy Preferences Economy is a year-long graduate seminar and Partisan Legislative Organization," aimed at encouraging cross-disciplinary Robert Van Houweling. research and excellence in graduate training. Political economy is a research tradition that October 13 explores how political and economic outcomes "Ambiguity in Election Games," reflect choices constrained by institutions, as Enriqueta Aragones. well as the way in which specific institutions Discussant: Eric Dickson affect change more generally. October 20 The workshop emphasizes the development of dissertation proposals and offers a Practice Job Talk constructive venue within which graduate "Casting Votes in the Global Economy: students can present their research to an Public Opinion and Voting Behavior in audience of committed and informed peers. Open Economies," Kenneth Scheve. It is open to graduate students from a variety October 27 of disciplines (e.g., government, economics, the Program in Political Economy and Government). "Political Institutions and Economic Growth in Africa, 1970-1995, Faculty members participating in 1999- " Karen Ferree and Smita Singh. "Issues, Economics, and Minor Parties: Discussant: Sylvia Maxfield Evidence for Strategic Behavior from the 19th Century," Shigeo Hirano. November 3 February 2 Practice Job Talk "Coordination, Moderation and "Sovereign Debt and International Institutional Balancing in American Cooperation: Reputational Reasons for House Elections at Midterm," Jas Sekhon. Lending and Repayment," Michael Tomz. February 9 November 10 "Bad Politicians," Francesco Casselli. Practice Job Talk Discussant: Scott Ashworth "Political Institutions and Monetary Policy," Lucy Goodhart. February 16 November 17 "Party Platforms with Endogenous Party Membership," Panu Poutvaara. Brainstorming Session Discussant: Lucy Goodhart "The Evolution of Cooperation and the Topology of Social Interaction," Eric February 23 Dickson. " "Double Jeopardy and Lesser Included “Preference Reversal: Choice Set Effects Offenses: Complements, Substitutes, or and the Arrowian Paradox," Orit Kedar. Neither?" Edward Schwartz. Discussant: Dhammika Dharmapala December 1 March 1 "Why Invest in Your Neighbor? Social Contract on Educational Investment," Brainstorming Session Panu Poutvaara. "Legislative Behavior in Latin America," Discussant: Edward Schwartz Sylvia Maxfield. "A Model of Institutional Change in the "The Political Economy of Infrastructure Electricity Industry," Carlos Rufin. Investments in Nigeria," Melvin Ayogu. Discussant: Robert Bates March 8 December 8 "Why Do Resource-Dependent Countries Brainstorming Session Have Authoritarian Governments?" Leonard Wantchekon. "The Politics of the Soft Budget Constraint," Rory MacFarquhar. Discussant: Karen Ferree "The Economics of Conflict," Jeremy March 15 Weinstein. "Campaign Rhetoric," Enriqueta Aragones. Discussant: Orit Kedar December 15 Brainstorming Session March 22 "Reluctant Liberalization: Negotiations on "The Debt of Nations," David Skilling Japanese and European Agriculture Trade and Richard Zeckhauser. Policy," Christina Davis. Discussant: Ken Scheve

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 53 "Organizing Violence," Avner Greif, SEMINAR ON INTERNATIONAL Robert Bates, and Smita Singh. ECONOMICS Discussant: Jeremy Weinstein The Seminar on International Economics covers a broad spectrum of very recent April 5 theoretical and empirical research on "Specifying and Testing Models of international trade, capital markets, and Congressional-Executive Relations," monetary arrangements. Examples of recent Pat Brandt. topics include the benefits of a common Discussant: David Skilling currency, new open-economy macroeconomics, the political economy of trade and income "Race and Turnout in South Africa," distribution, political budget cycles in open- Karen Ferree. economy economies, financial crises, and direct Discussant: Barry Burden foreign investment in China. The seminar is April 12 chaired by Professors Richard N. Cooper, Ehanan Helpman, Dani Rodrik, Kenneth "Bargaining in Legislatures with Rogoff, and Marc Melitz. Overlapping Generations of Politicians," Ken Shepsle, Eric Dickson, and Rob van February 2 Houweling. "The Impact of International Trade on Discussant: David Lassen Industry, Productivity, Dynamics and Welfare When Producers Are April 19 Heterogeneous," Marc Melitz, University Brainstorming Session of Michigan. "Legislative Bargaining and 'Incremental' February 16 Budgeting," Dhammika Dharmapala. "Identification through Heteroskedasticity: "The Economics of Secession," Yoshiko Measuring 'Contagion' Effects between Herrera. Argentinean and Mexican Sovereign Bonds," Roberto Rigobon, MIT. April 26 "Political Accountability and the Size of February 23 Government," David Dreyer Lassen. "Optimal Monetary Policy and Exchange Discussant: James Alt Rate Volatility in a Small Open Economy,” Tommaso Monacelli, Boston College. "Taking the Stock Market Seriously: Political Business Cycles and the Stock March 8 Market," Lucy Goodhart. "How Did the United States Become a Net Discussant: Yoshiko Herrera Exporter of Manufactured Goods?" Douglas Irwin, Dartmouth College. May 3 Brainstorming Session March 15 "Forum Shopping: U.S. Interests and the "Political Business Cycles in Developed Choice of Negotiation Strategy," Christina and Developing Countries," Min Shi, Davis. Harvard University. "Measuring the Economic Impact of Civil War," Jeremy Weinstein (with Kosuke Imai). April 5 program of Harvard University under the “Optimal Monetary Policy in a Currency auspices of the Law School, the John F. Kennedy Area,” Pierpaolo Benigno, Princeton School of Government, and the Faculty of Arts University. and Sciences (as represented by the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs). April 12 The Project was formally transferred to Harvard “Exchange Rate Dynamics, Learning from the Foundation for a Civil Society, a New and Misperceptions," Pierre-Olivier York-based nonprofit organization that Gourinchas, Princeton University. launched the Project. The Project was inaugurated in 1992 with an international April 19 conference in Salzburg, Austria, which “Exchange Rate Choices,” Richard represented the first occasion in which key Cooper, Harvard University. leaders and high-level decision-makers from April 26 throughout postcommunist Europe came together with their counterparts from "The Role of Factor Inputs in Technological Argentina, Chile, Germany and Spain to discuss Progress," Florence Jaumotte, Harvard. their experiences in confronting past repression and building political tolerance. This initial PROJECT ON JUSTICE IN TIMES OF cross-cultural, comparative approach proved TRANSITION successful and has remained the blueprint for Chair: Professor Philip Heymann, Harvard all the Project’s subsequent initiatives. Since Law School 1992, the Project has broadened its thematic Program coordinator: Sara Zucker and geographic scope to address the challenges The Project on Justice in Times of Transition of facing legacies of the past, fostering brings together individuals from a broad reconciliation, and building peace in countries spectrum of countries to share experiences in emerging from civil conflict. While each ending conflict, establishing peace, and building country has its own particular complications civil society. In demand-driven, practical that are unique to its respective history, the initiatives it acts as a neutral facilitator to bring Project has seen time and time again that it is leaders and decision-makers from states useful to present examples of other countries undergoing transition together with their that have encountered similar challenges and, in counterparts from other countries that have some cases, identified solutions or strategies to experienced similar transitions. The Project’s address these challenges. comparative approach enables individuals to: In December 1999 the Project developed and engage in dialogue across national, ethnic, implemented “The Challenge of Strengthening religious and ideological boundaries; forge ties the Peace,” a conference in Guatemala. This and build trust that can facilitate effective program brought together over 400 negotiations and political and social Guatemalans representing a broad cross-section cooperation; share information and ideas with of society with twenty prominent world leaders their counterparts in other societies; and to engage in serious analysis of the challenges develop their own relevant strategies for facing Guatemala three years after the signing reconciliation and transformation. of the peace accord. As a follow-on to the In September 1999, the Project on Justice in December 1999 conference in Guatemala, the Times of Transition became an interfaculty Project held a “Round Table Discussion on

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 55 Reform of Intelligence and Security Services in April 26 Guatemala” at Harvard Law School from March “Celebrating Six Years of Democracy 31 to April 2, 2000. The Project developed this in South Africa,” Sheila Sisulu, South workshop at the request of the new Guatemalan African Ambassador to the United States, government and brought together four and Albie Sachs, justice of the South Guatemalan ministers with individuals with African Constitutional Court. (Co- relevant expertise from other countries for an sponsored by the Carr Center for Human open exchange of relevant information and Rights Policy and South Africa Partners.) consideration of possible ways to reorganize Guatemala's intelligence and security apparatus. Conferences In December 1999, the Project and the November 30–December Northern Ireland Voluntary Trust organized The Challenge of Strengthening the Peace “Community and Governance in a Time of Guatemala City, Guatemala Transition” for 250 political and community leaders. This conference in Northern Ireland November 30 provided the first forum for representatives of Introduction and Welcome by Philip both groups to meet in an effort to bridge the Heymann, Harvard Law School gap and develop a common agenda for action. Opening address by Guatemalan Discussions were augmented by the President Alvaro Arzú participation of six individuals from other countries who shared their experiences with December 1 comparable challenges. First Panel: Transforming an Intractable On June 25 and 26 in Gaza, the Project Conflict into a Durable Peace held “Fortifying the Foundations of a Nation: Strengthening Governance in the Palestinian Moderator: James LeMoyne, chief political National Authority,” a conference that brought advisor, United Nations Development together distinguished leaders from around the Programme, Latin America. world to share their experiences with over 300 Presentations made by Roelf Meyer, Palestinian government officials, civil servants, member of Parliament, former chief and community actors, representing a broad negotiator for the De Klerk government, cross-section of leaders from Palestinian society. former minister of Constitutional Development, South Africa; Hasan Abdel Seminars and Roundtable Sessions at Rahman, Palestinian National Authority Harvard University chief representative in the United States; January 18 Ana Guadalupe Martinez, former vice “The Pinochet Case and its Implications president, National Assembly of El Salvador, for International Justice,” José Zalaquett, former FMLN leader. professor of human rights, University of Guatemalan respondents: Raquel Zelaya, Chile, Santiago. secretary of the peace of the president of the February 22 Republic of Guatemala; and Hector Mauricio Lopez Bonilla, columnist. “Recent Developments in Northern Ireland,” David Trimble, Nobel laureate and first minister of Northern Ireland. Second Panel: Memory, Acknowledgement and Respondents: Lars Franklin, resident Overcoming Divisions coordinator for the United Nations; and Colonel Moderator: Linn Hammergren, World Bank. Mario Antonio Ardon Aguilar of Guatemala. Presentations made by Luis Moreno Ocampo, Fifth Panel: Bridging the Gap Between former public prosecutor and district Communities attorney of Buenos Aires, Argentina; Paul Moderator: Beatriz Manz, University of Arthur, professor of politics, University of California, Berkeley. Ulster, Northern Ireland. Presentations made by Robert Conway, Guatemalan respondents: General Edgar chair, Peace and Reconstruction Leonel Godoy Samayoa and Fermina Lopez. Foundation, South Africa; and Branka Third Panel: The Role of Civil Society in Kaselj, director, Centre for Peace, Non- Countries in Transition Violence and Human Rights, Croatia. Moderator: Wendy Luers, president, Foundation Guatemalan respondents: Carlos Chocoj, for a Civil Society. Rigoberta Menchú Tum Foundation; and Presentations made by Shulamit Aloni, Renzo Rosal, secretary general of Rafael former member of Parliament and Landivar University. government minister, founder of the Civil Sixth Panel: Guatemala in the Global Context Rights and Peace Movement in Israel; Moderator: James LeMoyne, chief political Konstanty Gebert, former dissident and advisor, United Nations Development editor-in-chief of Midrasz magazine, Programme, Latin America. Poland; Silvia Rueda de Uranga, president, Presentations made by Eduardo Stein, foreign Conciencia Association, Argentina. minister of Guatemala; José Roberto Lopez, Guatemalan respondents: Rigoberto Quemé, World Bank; and Robert Hutchings, Woodrow mayor of Quetzaltenango, Guatemala; and Wilson School, Princeton University. Gustavo Porras, private secretary to the President of Guatemala. December 9-10 Community and Governance in a Time of December 2 Transition Special Presentation: Developing a Vision Co-sponsored by the Project on Justice in for the Future: Leadership and Overcoming Times of Transition and the Northern Obstacles Ireland Voluntary Trust Lech Walesa, Nobel laureate and former Northern Ireland president of Poland. December 9 Fourth Panel: Creating the Institutions Necessary for Political and Economic Stability Welcome by Sammy Douglas, chair, Moderator: Susan Kaufman Purcell, vice Northern Ireland Voluntary Trust president, Americas Society. Introduction by Dermot Nesbit, member Presentations made by John Biehl, former of Northern Ireland Assembly chief of staff for the government of Chile, “Risks and Opportunities: Managing the former ambassador to the United States; Transition of Peace-Building,” Roelf Jan Krysztof Bielecki, former prime Meyer, member of South African minister of Poland. Parliament.

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 57 Roundtable Discussion Groups: What are the Saul Suster, co-owner of Omnisport, main issues currently facing Northern Ireland El Salvador. society and the constituencies within it? What Northern Ireland respondents: Chris Gibson, are the fears and challenges that are related to Confederation of British Industry; Inez these issues? What are the hopes and aspirations McCormack, Irish Congress of Trade that people hold? Unions; Seamus McAleavey, Northern Introduction to afternoon session by Ireland Council for Voluntary Action. Wendy Luers, Foundation for a Civil Plenary Discussion and Comments Society Introduction by Dr. Maurice Hayes, member “Bridging the Gap Between Community of the Irish Senate and Political Leaders,” Naomi Chazan, deputy speaker of the Israeli Parliament. “Acknowledging Differences, Overcoming Divisions,” Kim Campbell, former prime Roundtable Discussion Groups: What minister of Canada. mechanisms can be developed to facilitate Plenary Questions and Discussion communities, social partners and politicians to work on a cooperative basis? What issues Conference Conclusion by Hugh Frazer, can be prioritized for collaborative work? conference rapporteur Report-back to Plenary Session from March 31–April 2 Discussion Group Rapporteurs: Paul Roundtable Discussion on Reform of Arthur, University of Ulster; Avila Intelligence and Security Services in Guatemala Kilmurray, Northern Ireland Harvard Law School Voluntary Trust. Chair: Philip Heymann, James Barr Ames Plenary Discussion Concluding Comments Professor of Law, Harvard University by Chair Participants: December 10 Sandy Africa, general manager of the South Introduction African Intelligence Academy, South Africa; Chair: Paul Arthur, University of Ulster César Balguerias, analyst of political and strategic affairs for Latin America, Higher “Managing Change and Building Peace: A Center of Defense Information, Spain; Oldrich European Perspective,” Jim Dougal, Cerny, executive director of Forum 2000 European Commission Office. Foundation; former director general of Czech “The Challenge of Embedding Peace,” Foreign Intelligence Service; former national Brandon Hamber, project coordinator, security advisor to President Havel, Czech Center for the Study of Violence and Republic; Vaughn Collins, detective chief Reconciliation, South Africa. superintendent, Canada; Michael DeFeo, director of Office of Professional “Developing Strategies for Social Change,” Responsibility, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Marek Kapusta, project coordinator, Rock United States; Edgar Gutierrez, minister of Volieb Export, Slovakia. Strategic Analysis, Guatemala; Manuel de “Developing a Strategy for Economic Jesus Flores Hernandez, vice minister of Development and Restructuring,” Governance, Guatemala; Ricardo Marroquin, minister of Administrative and Security Affairs representative for Poland, Bulgaria and for the President, Guatemala; Kate Martin, Albania, European Bank for Reconstruction director of the Center for National Security and Development, and former prime Studies, United States; Ernest May, Charles minister of Poland; David Trimble, Nobel Warren Professor of History, Harvard laureate and first minister of Northern University; Siyabulela Mlombile, general Ireland. manager of support services at the National Palestinian respondents: Nabeel Sha’ath, Intelligence Coordinating Committee, South minister of Planning and International Africa; Morris Panner, deputy chief of the Cooperation, Palestinian National Authority; narcotics section of the Criminal Division of and Mustafa Barghouthi, director, Health the Department of Justice, United States; Policy Development Institute. Elizabeth Rindskopf Parker, former general counsel of the Central Intelligence Agency, Second Panel: Managing Expectations and United States; Alfredo Rabbé, vice minister of Building Support for Institutions of Governance National Defense, Guatemala; Dario Richarte, Moderator: Sara Zucker, director, Project on vice minister of Intelligence, Argentina; Anna Justice in Times of Transition, Harvard Maria Salazar, deputy assistant secretary of University. defense for Drug Enforcement Policy and Presentations made by Jamil Mahuad, Support, United States. Fellow, Institute of Politics, Harvard June 25-26, 2000 University, and former president of Ecuador; Monica McWilliams, member Fortifying the Foundations of a Nation: of National Assembly, Northern Ireland, Strengthening Governance in the Palestinian and founder of Northern Ireland Women’s National Authority Coalition; Roelf Meyer, Civil Society Gaza, Palestinian National Authority Initiative, and former minister of June 25 Constitutional Development, South Africa. Introduction and Welcome Palestinian respondent: Mohammed El- Nabeel Sha’ath, minister of Planning and Samhouri, general secretary, Higher International Cooperation, Palestinian National Committee for Institutional National Authority Development, Palestinian National Authority. Mohammad Nashashibi, minister of Finance, Palestinian National Authority Third Panel: Constructing Mechanisms for Economic Development and Sustainability Philip Heymann, Harvard Law School Moderator: Tim Phillips, co-founder, Project on Justice in Times of Transition. First Panel: Creating and Strengthening Institutions of Governance Presentations made by John Biehl, senior Moderator: Peter Zimmerman, associate dean, executive, International IDEA; former chief Kennedy School of Government, Harvard of staff for Government of Chile; Jerzy University. Osiatynski, member of Polish Parliament; former minister of Finance and minister of Presentations made by Maria Eugenia Economic Planning, Poland; Ivan Pilip, Brizuela de Avila, foreign minister of member of Parliament, Czech Republic. El Salvador; Jan Krzysztof Bielecki,

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 59 Palestinian respondents: Mohammed Ombudsperson, Bosnia-Herzegovina; Ana Nashashibi, minister of Finance, Guadalupe Martinez, president, Institute for Palestinian National Authority; and Fouad a New El Salvador (INELSA); former FMLN Beseiso, governor, Palestinian Monetary leader; former vice president of the National Authority. Assembly, El Salvador. June 26 Palestinian respondents: Eyad El Sarraj, chairman, Gaza Community Mental Health Fourth Panel: Building and Maintaining Rule Programme; Zahira Kamal, general director, of Law Gender Planning and Development Moderator: Philip Heymann, Harvard Law Directorate, Palestinian National Authority. School Closing Remarks Presentations made by David Ervine, member of National Assembly, Northern Ireland; Samuel del Villar Kretchmar, SOUTH ASIA district attorney of Mexico City, Mexico; South Asia Seminar Albie Sachs, justice of the South African Constitutional Court. Chairs: Devesh Kapur and Pratap Mehta Palestinian respondents: Raji Sourani, director, Established in 1989, the South Asia Seminar Palestinian Centre for Human Rights, completed its eleventh year in 1999-2000. Palestinian National Authority; and Camille Since its inception, the seminar has had an Mansour, director, Institute of Law, Bir Zeit interdisciplinary orientation and has focused University. principally on three sets of issues: ethnic and religious conflicts, economic reform, and Fifth Panel: Managing a Pluralistic Civil South Asian security. Scholars from the United Society States, Europe, and South Asia, along with Moderator: Wendy Luers, president, Foundation leading journalists, have presented their work for a Civil Society. at the seminar. In addition, dignitaries have Presentations by Konstanty Gebert, editor-in- also addressed the seminar periodically. Since chief, Midrasz magazine, Poland; Rigoberto 1993-94, graduate students completing Quemé Chay, mayor of Quetzaltenango, dissertation research on South Asia have also Guatemala; Branka Kaselj, director, Centre for presented their work at the South Asia Peace, Non-Violence and Human Rights, Croatia. Seminar. Palestinian respondent: Saud Aburamadan, The South Asia Seminar was funded by the freelance journalist. Weatherhead Center for International Affairs and the Asia Center. Sixth Panel: Developing the Basic Infrastructure of a Nation: People and Resources September 24 Moderator: Paul Arthur, University of Ulster, “Performance and Capability Building in Northern Ireland. Indian Manufacturing After Liberalization,” Presentations made by John Biehl, senior Pankaj Chandra, chair, Operations & executive, International IDEA; former Technology Group, Indian Institute of chief of staff for the Government of Chile; Management, Ahmedabad. Mehmed Halilovic, Office of the September 29 December 10 “India in Asia: Perspectives and “Decentralized Conflict: Contending Prospects,” The Honorable Jaswant Property Rights in Mumbai,” Bish Sanyal, Singh, minister of External Affairs, India. department chair and professor of urban planning, MIT. October 15 “From Rigveda to Asoka: A Brief History March 3 of Dharma,” Patrick Olivelle, professor of “Group Size and Collective Action: religion; director of the Asian Studies Third Party Monitoring in Common Center, University of Texas, Austin. Pool Resources,” Arun Agrawal, assistant professor of political science, October 29 Yale University. “Carrots, Sticks and Ethnic Conflict: Development Institutions in South Asia,” April 21 Ronald Herring, director of the Mario “The Partition of India Revisited,” Einaudi Center for International Studies; Mushirul Hasan, visiting professor at John S. Knight Professor of International the University of Virginia; professor Relations and Professor of Government, of history; director of the Third World Cornell University. Academy, Jamia Millia University, New Delhi. November 1 “Liberalization of Capital Markets in April 28 India,” D.R. Mehta, chairman, Securities “Literacy in the Eye of the Conversion and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). Storm,” Gauri Viswanathan, professor of English and comparative literature, November 5 Columbia University. Roundtable Discussion on Indian Elections Devesh Kapur, assistant professor of May 3 government; Pratap Mehta, associate “The Politics of Institutional and Policy professor of government and of social Reform in India,” Arun Shourie, minister studies; Kanchan Chandra, Harvard of state for Planning, Program Imple- Academy Scholar, Weatherhead Center. mentation, Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances, Government of India. December 3 “Economic Reforms in India’s Maturing STRATEGIC STUDIES Economy,” Vijay Kelkar, executive JOHN M. OLIN INSTITUTE FOR director, IMF; former finance secretary, STRATEGIC STUDIES Government of India; Narendra Jadhav, The John M. Olin Institute for Strategic advisor, IMF; former director, Research Studies, founded July 1, 1989 as an Reserve Bank of India. autonomous entity within the Weatherhead Discussant: Jeffrey Sachs, Galen L. Stone Center for International Affairs, was the result Professor of International Trade; director, of an expansion and institutionalization of the Center for International Development, Center’s program in national security studies Harvard University. made possible by the initiative and expanded

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 61 support of the John M. Olin Foundation. The members also actively participated in the dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences in work of the Institute. In 1999-2000, two consultation with the director of the Center books and thirty-eight articles were accepted appoints the director of the Olin Institute. for publication by authors associated with In its first ten years, 1989-1999, the Institute the Institute. sponsored research by eighteen professors and The central administration of the Olin visiting scholars and over one hundred John Institute in 1999-2000 included Samuel P. M. Olin pre- and postdoctoral Fellows in Huntington, director until he stepped down National Security. The goal of the Olin in January 2000; Stephen Peter Rosen, Institute, after the cold war, has been to play a associate director, and then director; Monica leading role in understanding the changes in Duffy Toft, assistant director; Ann Townes, the nature of the security challenges to the program coordinator; and John Stephenson, United States and to countries around the research assistant. In 1999-2000, Aaron Lobel world. Completed Institute research projects chaired the National Security Studies Group. have dealt with the changing role of Congress The John M. Olin Foundation provides the in the formulation of U.S. foreign and defense core funding for the Institute and its activities. policy; Russian and American approaches to In 1999-2000, the Lynde and Harry Bradley the post-cold war world; the decline of Foundation and the Smith Richardson multinational continental empires; the Foundation, Inc., supported Professor economic balance of power; the politics of Huntington’s work on American national civilizations in the post-cold war world; the identity and national interest. The Smith changing security environment and American Richardson Foundation also supported the national interests; and the U.S. military in post- Project on American National Security after cold war American society. Activities of the the Cold War, and the Bradley Foundation Olin Institute have also included the Program continued to fund the Bradley Fellowship in Economics and National Security and the program. The Office of the Secretary of Harvard Russian Institute of International Defense provided funding for a research Affairs in Moscow. Topics of current research program investigating issues related to projects include the new strategic dynamics military and strategic planning during in Asia; the investigation of the biological bases interwar periods, and for a conference to of cognition, in order to better understand study the internal changes in China that will individual and group decision-making in affect national security. Steve Forbes provided international relations; American national funding for the Forbes seminars on post-cold identity and national interests; and the war U.S. national interests. The Northrop problem of internal and interstate wars, and Corporation provided funding for research ethnic violence. The Institute also sponsors travel and meetings. several national security conferences and seminars and involves other scholars in its Faculty Members activities as Olin Associates. During the 1999-2000 academic year, three During the 1999-2000 academic year, the faculty members from the Department of Institute hosted two predoctoral fellows, six Government at Harvard and two from the postdoctoral fellows, one Bradley Fellow, one Kennedy School of Government were involved Air Force National Defense Fellow, and one in the work of the Olin Institute through active Navy Federal Executive Fellow. Five faculty and regular participation in its seminars, study groups, and research projects. Fellow has accepted a fellowship for an The Beton Michael Kaneb Professorship of additional predoctoral year at the Brookings National Security and Military Affairs is an Institution, and the two dissertation fellows endowed chair made possible by the generosity will continue their research at Columbia. of Mr. John Kaneb. The Olin Institute CONFERENCES AND SEMINARS administers the chair and provides support to its incumbent, Stephen Peter Rosen, who National Security Studies Group teaches in the Government Department, For over a decade the Olin Institute and its conducts his own research at the Institute, and predecessor program have sponsored the serves as the director of the Institute. National Security Studies Group, a weekly The Olin Institute supports a joint position, seminar for WCFIA affiliates with an interest the holder of which is the assistant director of in strategic studies. The seminar series gives the Institute and an assistant or associate speakers the opportunity to present published professor in either the Harvard Department of and unpublished papers, as well as works in Government or the John F. Kennedy School of progress. During the 1999-2000 academic year, Government. Monica Duffy Toft, appointed to Aaron Lobel chaired the seminar group. The the position in 1999, teaches in the area of schedule for the year was as follows: strategy and national security at the Kennedy September 27 School, conducts research at the Institute, and “Stability and Justice for All: The helps direct its activities. Dilemma of Intervention in Civil Wars,” John M. Olin Fellows in National Monica Duffy Toft, Kennedy School of Security Government and Olin Institute. For nineteen years the Olin Institute and its October 4 predecessor program have appointed pre- and “The NATO-Serbia War: Did the Serbs postdoctoral Fellows in National Security. Have a Strategy and How Well Did it Eight national security fellows and one Bradley Work?” Barry Posen, MIT. Fellow were appointed for the 1999-2000 fellowship program. In addition, the Olin October 18 Institute hosted a colonel in the U.S. Air Force “How David Beats Goliath: Strategic and a commander in the U.S. Navy. Of the Interaction and Unexpected Conflict postdoctoral fellows, one was from Princeton, Outcomes,” Ivan Toft, Belfer Center for one from Yale, one from Oxford University, Science and International Affairs, Harvard one from Duke, and two were on leave from University. teaching positions at Cornell University. Two of the dissertation fellows were from Columbia October 25 University, and one was from Harvard “Explaining the Gap: Assessing Alternative University. Following their year at Olin, three Theories of the Divergence of Civilian of the postdoctoral fellows have accepted and Military Cultures,” Michael Desch, teaching positions: one at George Mason University of Kentucky. University, one at Tufts University, and one at November 1 Laval University, Québec City, Canada. The two Cornell faculty members are returning to “The Myth of Airpower in the Persian Gulf teach at their home institutions, the Bradley War,” Daryl Press, Dartmouth University.

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 63 November 8 March 13 “Information Flow and the Limits of “Space Commerce and American Power: Hitler and Foreign Policy Security,” Col. Michael Rampino, Olin Decision-Making, 1933-39,” Zachary Institute. Shore, Olin Institute. March 20 November 15 “Trading Order for Justice? The Politics of “Kosovo: A New American Way of War?” International War Crime Tribunals,” Eliot Cohen, School for Advanced Leslie Vinjamuri, Olin Institute. International Studies, Johns Hopkins April 3 University. “A School for the Nation? Military November 22 Institutions and the Boundaries of “Tocqueville’s Paradox: Total War, Nationality,” Ronald Krebs, Olin Institute. Democratic Institutions and Tax April 10 Smoothing,” Shinju Fujihira,Olin Institute. “Is Sino-U.S. Conflict Inevitable?” Aaron Friedberg, Princeton University. November 29 April 17 “Workin’ on the Railroad: Army Engineers and the Military Approach to Technology, “The Transformation of the Navy,” 1827-1838,” Robert Angevine, Olin Commander Howie Hein, Olin Institute. Institute. April 24 December 6 “A New Approach to War Termination: “The Paris Connection: Britain, France Domestic Coalitions in the Endings of and the Making of the Anglo-French Wars,” Elizabeth Stanley, Harvard Alliance, 1938-39,” Talbot Imlay, Olin University. Institute. May 1 February 7 “Sick and Tired: JFK and the Vienna “When Do Arms Races Make War Conference,” Rose McDermott, Olin Unnecessarily Likely?” Charles Glaser, Institute. University of Chicago. May 8 February 14 “U.S.-Mexican International Security “Money, Distribution and Power: How Relations,” Jorge Domínguez, Harvard Financial Interests Shape Grand Strategy,” University. Jonathan Kirshner, Olin Institute. May 15 February 28 “Status Competition and the Stability of “CIA Estimates of the Soviet Nuclear the Pax Americana,” William Wohlforth, Threat: The Team B Experiment and the Georgetown University. Window of Vulnerability,” Aaron Lobel, Olin Institute. March 6 “Stress, Distress and War Termination,” Stephen Peter Rosen, Olin Institute. Other Meetings and Seminars of The Lexus and the Olive Tree and November 15 columnist for The New York Times; Ethan B. Kapstein, Harold Stassen “The Security Environment in Asia: What Professor of International Peace, Next?” Ashton Carter; Kennedy School University of Minnesota. of Government, Victor Cha; Georgetown University, Tom Christensen; MIT, and Norfolk, Virginia Excursion Sumio Kusaka, Office of the Prime April 24-28, 2000 Minister, Japan. Organizer: A. Howard Hein, Commander, February 17 United States Navy “The Internet as a Research Tool for The excursion to Norfolk, Virginia introduced Strategic Studies,” William M. Arkin, the Olin Fellows to NATO, joint and individual independent political analyst. service issues, capabilities, and future challenges. Highlights included a tour of the aircraft carrier March 14 USS George Washington (CVN-73), briefings “Transforming America’s Armed Forces,” and equipment demonstrations by Navy Special Admiral Harold W. Gehman, Jr., United Warfare Group 2 (Navy “SEALS”), and a States Navy, Supreme Allied Commander, demonstration by the Air Force’s F-15C fighter. Atlantic; and Commander in Chief, China Forum United States Joint Forces Command. May 10-12, 2000 May 2 With the support of the United States “Civilian Hawks and Military Doves: The Department of Defense, the Olin Institute Civil-Military Gap and the American Use sponsored the first of a series of meetings with of Force, 1816-1992,” Peter Feaver and the Party School of the Central Committee of Richard Kohn, Duke University. the Communist Party of China. The purpose of the forum was to investigate ways in which Forbes Seminar Series the development of the economic infrastructure of China, in the areas of transportation, As the result of a generous gift from Mr. communication, education, energy, and other Steve Forbes, the Institute was able to major functions, could increase the rate of hold seminars on two issues affecting economic growth in China, sustain the post-cold war U.S. national interests. development of a middle class in China, October 25 increase Chinese national power, and change the way in which China interacted with rest “What are the Legitimate Uses of of the world. The vice president of the Party American Military Force Abroad?” School attended, as did American and Chinese Anthony Lewis, The New York Times; business executives. The forum was successful, Barry Posen, professor of political and the Party School and the Olin Institute are science, MIT. working to establish an ongoing relationship in February 14 which Olin Institute fellows and Party School scholars exchange visits. Stephen Rosen, “Globalization: Good or Bad for the director of the Olin Institute, will visit the Party United States?” Thomas Friedman, author School in Beijing in November 2000 to begin

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 65 planning for a conference to be held to explore Talbot Imlay American and Chinese strategic thinking. This Jonathan Kirshner relationship will build on the earlier work done Ronald Krebs by the Olin Institute in Asian security issues and will institutionalize the study of Chinese Aaron Lobel strategic behavior at the Olin Institute. Rose McDermott Conference on Interwar Strategic and Michael Rampino Military Planning Zachary Shore February 25, 2000 and June 2-3, 2000 Leslie Vinjamuri With the support of the Weatherhead Center Olin Institute Faculty Affiliates for International Affairs and the United States Department of Defense, the Olin Institute, Samuel Huntington under the direction of Monica Toft, is leading a A. Iain Johnston research program investigating issues related to Monica Duffy Toft military and strategic planning during interwar Stephen Peter Rosen periods. Two conferences were held in the spring of 2000. These conferences brought Stephen Walt together historians and political scientists who Olin Institute Associates drafted essays on past interwar periods, stretching from 1815 until today. The objective Robert Art of this research program is to derive lessons Thomas Christensen from historical cases as a way to understand the Charles Cogan constraints and opportunities presented today. The program will culminate in 2000 with the Eliot Cohen publication of an edited volume entitled The Michael Desch Fog of Peace: Military and Strategic Planning Andrew Erdmann under Uncertainty. Daryl Press Olin Institute Program Members Richard Wilcox Samuel P.Huntington, Director STUDENT PROGRAMS (until January 2000) GRADUATE STUDENT ASSOCIATES Stephen Peter Rosen, Associate Director (until January 2000); Director In 1999-2000, the Center selected 21 graduate students from the Departments of Monica Duffy Toft, Assistant Director Anthropology, Economics, Government, Public Ann Townes, Program Coordinator Policy, History, Sociology, and Middle Eastern John Stephenson, Research Assistant studies to be graduate student associates (GSAs). Their dissertation topics included, National Security Fellows among others, a comparative analysis of Robert Angevine immigrant political incorporation in Canada Shinju Fujihira and the United States; international environmental politics; the cultural and political A. Howard Hein mobilization of indigenous people in Bolivia; nuclear proliferation and inter-national security Clare Putnam, serves as coordinator of the around the world; the role of European program. institutions in minority policies in candidate countries; sport diplomacy in the 1930s in GSA Luncheon Series Germany, the United States, and the Soviet Chairs: Karl Gerth and Lucia Volk Union; and political and fiscal decentral-ization October 8 of government in Latin America and the nature “Interest Rate Differentials and Capital of Latin American political parties. GSAs met at Flows in Emerging Markets,” Vladimir least once monthly over lunch to present and Kliouev, Committee on Political Economy discuss their dissertation research topics. and Government. In addition, “professionalization” talks by two Harvard professors of government were October 22 arranged specifically for graduate student “Elsa Aireyu, Indigenous Guarani Woman, associates: in late November, Gary King gave a Runs for Town Council: A Micro- talk on publishing the dissertation as a book Ethnography of Decentralization and or articles; in May, Jeffry Frieden spoke to GSAs Multi-Ethnic Politics in Bolivia,” Bret about making the transition from graduate Gustafson, Department of Anthropology. student to junior faculty. The GSA Program November 5 also hosted its first GSA Alumni Presentation on November 12, which featured former GSA “A Sensitive Text: Lebanon’s History in (1995-98), Christina Sevilla, current director the Remaking,” Lucia Volk, Department for Intergovernmental Affairs, United States of Anthropology. Trade Representative, speaking on “Bringing November 12 the WTO Ministerial and Agenda to America: “Order in the Streets, Control over the An Insider's View.” Future: State Campaigns to Eliminate Petty Funds were made available by the Traders in Socialist and Post-Socialist Weatherhead Center to graduate student Vietnam,” Ann Marie Leshkowich, associates on a competitive basis for short-term Department of Anthropology. travel for dissertation research and for partic- ipation in conference presentations. In 1999- December 3 2000, graduate student associates were “International Negotiations and the supported by Weatherhead Center funds to Domestic Politics of Agriculture present papers at the annual meetings of the Liberalization,” Christina Davis, American Political Science Association, the Department of Government. Middle East Studies Association, and the Asian December 17 Studies Association. Graduate student associates also supported the Center’s undergraduate “If Globalization Equals Americanization, associates by serving as mentors to thesis- Why Doesn't the World Play American writing seniors and by attending their thesis Sports?” Barbara Keys, Department of presentations in the spring. History. The Graduate Student Associate Program is January 21 directed by Marc Busch, associate professor of “Mechanisms of International Influences government and of social studies. Staff assistant, in Transition Countries: Refugee and

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 67 Citizenship Policies in Postcommunist information asymmetries between Indonesian Countries and the Role of International banks and foreign lenders to Indonesia; and the Organizations,” Oxana Shevel, political movements to change reproductive Department of Government. rights legislation in Argentina during Menem’s presidency. February 23 In the spring the students presented their “A Proposed Approach for Measuring findings in a Weatherhead Center-sponsored National Identity,” Jacques Hymans, public seminar series. These seminars were Department of Government. chaired by graduate student associates of the April 3 Center who served as mentors to the “International Commitments and Air undergraduates throughout the academic year. Pollution Reform in the Czech Republic,” Undergraduate Student Programs were Liliana Botcheva-Andonova, Department directed by Peggy Levitt, assistant professor of of Government. sociology at Wellesley College. Clare Putnam serves as coordinator of the program. April 14 “States, International Secretariats and the Summer Travel Grant Recipient Politics of Institutional Design,” Larry Presentations Hamlet, Department of Government. February 14 April 28 “An Investigation of British Conservatism “The Transitional Trinity: Elections, in Light of European Integration and Its Economics, and Institutions,” Joshua Effect on the ‘Tory Revival,’” Nathaniel Tucker, Department of Government. Lalone (Government).

UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT PROGRAMS “An Examination of the Policies to Legalize Immigrants in European Countries, Travel Grants Focusing on Greece, Italy, Spain and Weatherhead Center Summer Travel Grants are Portugal,” Katerina Linos (Government). awarded to Harvard undergraduates to support “Bound to the Periphery? An Analysis of senior thesis research in international affairs. the Reasons Impeding Turkish Fifteen students, representing the Membership within a Framework of Departments of Applied Math, Economics, European Union Enlargement,” Zeynep Government, History, Social Studies, and East Postalcioglu (Social Studies). Asian studies, received travel grants and were named undergraduate associates of the Center. February 16 Their research topics included archival research “Revolution from Within: The Renovation on Soviet participants in the Spanish Civil War; of Brazilian and Chilean Lefts,” Jerry a study of ideological renovation in the Socialist Nunes (Government). and Communist Parties of Brazil and Chile “Cuba in Transition: An Ethnography during the period of military rule; the policies of Change in a Cuban Market,” Emma to legalize immigrants in European countries, Phillips (Social Anthropology). focusing on Greece, Italy, Spain and Portugal; the reasons underlying the position of the European Community with regard to Turkish membership; the various incentives of and “Democracy and Sexual Rights: Undergraduate Initiatives Grants to Changing Legislation and Women's Student Groups Movements in Argentina,” Vanessa For the first time, in 1999-2000 the Weatherhead Schlueter (Government). Center offered undergraduates at the University February 22 financial resources to organize programs on their own that address their interests relating “Birdcage Managers: Corporate to international affairs. Grants up to $1,000 Governance in Chinese State Firms” were awarded to Harvard student groups on a Jeffrey Lau (Social Studies). competitive basis. Awards could be used to “The Indonesian Banking Crisis,” Jasmin support speaker series; study groups; special Sethi (Applied Math and Economics). seminars with faculty, fellows or visiting scholars; conferences with an explicit undergraduate “Taxing the Charitable: Philanthropy in focus; event-related publications or supplies; Japan,” Chinwe Linda Onyeagoro or any number of ideas proposed by students (East Asian studies and Economics). that will benefit the Harvard undergraduate February 24 community. “The Quitman Expedition: Cuban The Center gave a grant of $330 to the Annexation and International Class Woodbridge Society to sponsor a talk on Partnership in the 1850s” Robert Ortiz December 8 by Dr. Shashi Tharoor, author (History). and executive assistant to the General Secretary of the United Nations. “The Soviet Eclipse: Ideology and the Evolution of the USSR’s Domination in The Center gave a grant of $750 to the Spain, 1936-37,” Daniel Hopkins group Harvard Students against Sweatshops (Social Studies). for an April 21 series of debates on international labor standards, led by Harvard faculty Richard “Postwar Perspectives and Unrealized Freeman, Archon Fung, Devesh Kapur, J. Goals: U.S.-Cuban Relations, 1944-1952,” Russell Muirhead, and Jeffrey Sachs. Micah Myers (History). The Center awarded a grant of $750 to February 28 two Harvard student groups, Exploring Policy “Five Fingers to a Fist: Mobilization and in Health Care and the Harvard Project for ‘Empowerment’ in a Low-Income Bombay International Health and Development, for Community,” Nisha Agarwal a panel titled “The Response of Political (Social Studies). Institutions to Questions of International Health,” which the two groups jointly ran “Resistance and the Post-Colonial State: on April 28. Panel speakers were Marsha The Case of White Zimbabwean Farmers,” Coleman-Adebayo, director, International Michael Passaportis (Social Studies). African AIDS Network and former executive “Are Europeans Good Citizens? How Well secretary for the Gore/Mbeki Binational Do Citizens of European Countries Live Commission; Myron Essex, chairman, Up to Expectations of EU-Established Harvard AIDS Institute, and chairman, ‘Ideal’ European Citizenship?” Marjolein Department of Immunology and Infectious Wijnen (Social Studies). Diseases, HSPH; Jim Y. Kim, co-founder, Partners in Health, and editor, Dying for

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 69 Growth: Global Inequality and the Health of the undergraduate houses. Limited to a small Poor; Geeta Singh, researcher, Harvard number of students, the talks drew on the Institute for International Development; personal experiences of the Fellows and Harold Varmus, former director, National allowed students to discuss important and Institute of Health and winner of the Nobel topical issues in international affairs closely Prize in Medicine, 1989; and moderator with individuals who often have a first-hand Arthur Kleinman, chairman, Department of knowledge of current events. During 1999- Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School. 2000, Fellows dinners focused on topics ranging from the future of the military to Undergraduate Research Workshop issues in the Korean peninsula. During the academic year, the Weatherhead The Regional Studies Committee organized Center offers workshops led by Center faculty panels that focused on a particular region of associates to Harvard College juniors who are the world and were meant for a broad planning to conduct senior thesis research in audience. This subcommittee is also the international affairs. On December 6, Jorge I. outreach arm of the Student Council and Domínguez, Clarence Dillon Professor of frequently co-sponsors events with student International Affairs and director of the groups ranging from Harvard African Students Weatherhead Center, spoke to undergraduates Association (HASA) to the Harvard about selecting a research topic and a thesis Vietnamese Association. During 1999-2000, advisor, writing a successful proposal, and the committee held several panels. In the fall, some of the challenges of field research. panel topics included China-Taiwan relations Approximately 60 to 70 undergraduates and the United Nations Security Council. In participated in the well-attended workshop. the spring, panels explored the future of the state and the role of religion in international Student Council relations. The Weatherhead Center Student Council, In 1999-2000 the Special Events Committee an organization of Harvard undergraduates, focused on beginning a series of study groups. serves as a liaison between the Weatherhead The Committee hosted two study groups each Center community and the undergraduate semester, with topics on East Asia, European student body. Its goal is to provide a variety of security, European politics, and Middle Eastern meaningful opportunities for undergraduates peace. Each four-week group was chaired by to learn about international affairs by working one Fellow, with guest speakers joining each closely with Center affiliates. The Weatherhead week to present their particular area of Center Open House for undergraduates on specialization October 6 was co-sponsored by the Student Council and served to expose undergraduates The 1999-2000 Weatherhead Student to the affiliates and activities of the Center. Council, with over 300 undergraduate The Student Council is divided into three members on its electronic mailing list, was led committees: Fellows, Regional Studies, and by a board consisting of Steve Kruczek '01 and Special Events, all aiming to increase student Erica Westenberg '02, co-presidents; Shuko exposure to current topics in international Ogawa '03, treasurer; Leonid Peisakhin '03, affairs. Fellows Committee chair; Celeste Fine '02, Regional Studies Committee co-chair; Matt The Fellows Committee worked with the Rojanksy '02, Special Events Committee co- Weatherhead Center Fellows in sponsoring a chair; and Gautam Mukunda '01, webmaster. biweekly series of dinner talks in the Graduate Student Associates Jasmin Sethi Irene Bloemraad Vanessa Schlueter Liliana Botcheva-Andonova Marjolein Wijnen Christina Davis TRANSNATIONAL SECURITY Andrew Erdmann Bret Gustafson The MacArthur Transnational Karl Gerth Security Project Lawrence Hamlet The MacArthur Transnational Security Project, funded by the John D. and Catherine T. Tracey Heatherington MacArthur Foundation, is a joint program of Jacques Hymans the Weatherhead Center and the Center for Judith Kelley International Studies at the Massachusetts Barbara Keys Institute of Technology. The focus of the program has been on the theme of “personal Vladimir Kliouev and group security and transnational society,” Ann Marie Leshkowich which connotes that either the source of the Hugh McNeal perceived or actual threat is abroad, or that the Kathleen O'Neill solution to the threats would involve trans- national networks or organizations. The Kenneth Scheve MacArthur project has provided funding for Oxana Shevel a Harvard-MIT interdisciplinary seminar as Naunihal Singh well as for two working groups, each focusing Michael Tomz on specific transnational security issues. Two predoctoral fellowships were awarded Joshua Tucker to graduate students. Funds for mentorships Lucia Volk were made available to core faculty members of the program, enabling them to work closely Undergraduate Associates with a graduate student in exchange for Nisha Agarwal research support. Daniel Hopkins Working Group I Nathaniel Lalone Violence, Religion, and Reconciliation Jeffrey Lau Working Group I of the MacArthur project Katerina Linos explored the relationship between religion and Micah Myers war, as well as the challenge of achieving social Jerry Nunes reconciliation after great bloodshed. The Chinwe Onyeagoro group, which met six times, consisted of faculty and graduate students from Harvard, Robert Ortiz MIT, and other universities in the Boston area. Michael Passaportis Participants discussed the religious and ethnic Emma Phillips roots of conflict in the Middle East, Africa, Zeynep Postalcioglu South Asia, and the former Yugoslavia, and

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 71 they evaluated proposals to foster peace in April 10 these and other troubled areas. "Communal Conflict and Civic Life: Hindus and Muslims in India," Ashutosh Core Faculty Varshney, University of Notre Dame. Harvard University May 22 William Fisher "Religion, Ethnicity, and Peace in Sri J. Bryan Hehir Lanka," David Little, Harvard Divinity Stanley Hoffmann School. Michael Jones-Correa Louise Richardson Working Group II Anne-Marie Slaughter International Economic Security Henry Steiner This year the MacArthur Seminar Working Group II discussed various aspects of Massachusetts Institute of globalization. The seminar attracted a large Technology number of faculty and students from Harvard Kenneth Oye University and MIT, as well as the general public. The speakers represented a wide range Barry Posen of disciplines. While the effects of globalization Judith Tendler received substantial attention, the focus of the Stephen Van Evera seminar was on the responses by governments Myron Weiner and various groups in developed and developing nation. Conflicting pressures on Group I Seminar Meetings international organizations and the extent to October 18 which international institutions undermine national sovereignty were also considered. “The Role of Religion in Justifying and Restraining War: The Just War and Jihad Core Faculty Doctrines,” James Turner Johnson, Harvard University Rutgers University. Jeffrey Frankel November 22 Devesh Kapur “Violence as a Sacred Duty: Patterns of Dani Rodrik Religious Extremism,” Scott Appleby, University of Notre Dame. Massachusetts Institute of Technology December 10 Peter Evans “Between Vengeance and Forgiveness: William Keller Facing History after Genocide and Mass Kenneth Oye Violence,” Martha Minow, Harvard Law School. Group II Seminar Meetings March 6 October 11 "The Kosovo Conflict: Serbia's Political- “Globalization, Tax Competition, and the Military Strategy,” Barry Posen, Fiscal Crisis of the Welfare State,” Reuven Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Avi-Yonah, Harvard Law School. November 29 Weatherhead Center. “Sovereign Debt and International September 28 Cooperation: Reputational Reasons for "Redefining the U.S. National Interest," Lending and Repayment,” Michael Tomz, Joseph S. Nye, dean, Kennedy School of Department of Government, Harvard Government. University. October 20 December 20 "Kosovo Crossing: American Ideals Meet “WTO’s Efforts to Manage National Reality in the Balkan Battlefields," David Sanitary and Phytosanitary Policies,” Fromkin, professor of history, Boston David Victor, Council on Foreign University. Relations. October 25 March 13 "Pax Democratica: A U.S. Foreign Policy “The Standardization of Law and Its Strategy for the 21st Century,” James R. Impact on Developing Economies,” Huntley, former president, Atlantic Katharina Pistor, Kennedy School Council. of Government, Harvard University. November 2 April 10 "Burden Sharing with Allies: Lessons from “Meeting the International Competition: Kosovo and Iraq," Kenneth I. Juster, Conflict and Cooperation in Export senior partner, Arnold and Porter. Financing,” Peter Evans and Kenneth Oye, Center for International Studies, November 9 MIT. "Explaining U.S. Foreign Policy," James P. May 11 Rubin, United States Assistant Secretary of State. “Globalization, the WTO, the IMF, and the Syndrome of Undifferentiated Criticism,” February 8 Jeffrey Frankel, Kennedy School of "Iran: The Last Great Revolution," Robin Government, Harvard University. Wright, Los Angeles Times. March 21 U.S. FOREIGN POLICY "How the Great Powers Shape the World," U.S. Foreign Policy Seminar Robert Pastor, Emory University; and In 1999-2000 Weatherhead Center Associate Stanley Hoffmann, Harvard University. Rob Paarlberg again chaired the U.S. Foreign April 27 Policy Seminar, which has been meeting "The United States and Cuba: U.S. Policy continuously since 1974. Featured among this Alternatives," Rep. Jim McGovern, year's seminar guests were several authors of member of Congress; and Jorge I. prominent books recently published on U.S. Domínguez, director, Weatherhead Center. foreign policy, a member of Congress, two currently serving senior U.S. officials, and both the dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government and the director of the

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 73 May 2 "Alternative Global Futures: 2000-2015," Enid B. Schoettle, consultant, National Intelligence Council. May 4 "Normal Trade with China: Implications for Food Security in Asia and for Agriculture in the United States," August Schumacher, Jr., United States Under- Secretary of Agriculture. SPECIAL CONFERENCES, LECTURES, AND SEMINARS

THE WEATHERHEAD CENTER SPONSORS OR CO-SPONSORS additional conferences, lectures, and seminars, ranging from narrowly focused academic meetings designed for specialists to broad, open discussions of contemporary issues for government officials, representatives of the private sector, and other practitioners. In each case, these events are designed to disseminate information and ideas and to stimulate informed discussions. Events took place at Harvard University, unless otherwise noted. September 24, 1999 Panel I PICAR: Adventures in Track II Speaker: Eric Reinhardt, Emory University, Diplomacy “Adjudication without Enforcement in Chair: Donna Hicks GATT Disputes.” Panel I Speakers: James Smith, George Washington University, and Geoffrey Garrett, Yale Speakers: Roger D. Fisher, Howard Raiffa, and University, “The Politics of WTO Dispute Lawrence E. Susskind, “The Role of the Settlement.” Scholar-Practitioner in Conflict Resolution.” Discussant: Judith Goldstein, Stanford Panel II University Speakers: Steven P.Cohen, Ronald J. Fisher, Panel II and Christopher R. Mitchell, “The Evolution of Interactive Conflict Resolution.” Speaker: Marc Busch, Harvard University, “Democracy, Consultation, and the Panel III Paneling of Disputes Under GATT.” Speakers: Cynthia J. Chataway, Tamra Pearson Speaker: B. Peter Rosendorff, Georgetown d’Estree, and Nadim N. Rouhana, “The University, “Stability and Rigidity: The Future of Interactive Problem Solving.” Dispute Settlement Procedure of the WTO.” Remarks by Herbert C. Kelman; General Discussant: Kenneth Abbot, Northwestern Discussion University September 30 and October 1, 1999 Panel III Allied Force or Forced Allies? Alliance Speaker: Robert Howse, University of Politics in Canada and Europe from Michigan, “Choosing Between WTO and the End of the Cold War to Kosovo NAFTA: A Legal Perspective on Forum (For details on this event, please refer to the Shopping by NAFTA Parties.” Canada and U.S.-Canada section.) Speaker: Caglar Ozden, Emory University, October 15, 1999 “Implementation of Trade Agreements Under Asymmetric Information and Institutional Design, Dispute Welfare Gains from a Multilateral Regime.” Settlement, and International Trade Discussant: Lisa Martin, Harvard University Chair: Marc Busch Welcome and Introduction by Marc Busch

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 75 Roundtable and Discussion Minister of Foreign Affairs. In 1996, he was Alan Alexandroff, LECG and University of elected Member of the Executive Office and Toronto the Political Bureau of the Panhellenic Socialist Petros C. Mavroidis, Columbia University and Movement (PASOK) and Member of Neuchâtel University Parliament for the First District of Athens, two Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann, University of positions he still holds. Geneva Following his lecture to an overflow Amelia Porges, Office of the United States audience in the Boylston Hall auditorium, Trade Representative Minister Papandreou was the guest of honor at Moderator: Joel Trachtman, Fletcher School a cocktail reception and dinner at the of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University Adolphus Busch Hall in the Center for European Studies. November 4, 1999 November 13, 1999 The Seventeenth Paul-Henri Spaak Lecture Labor Protest and Other Collective Established in 1981 to honor one of the great Strategies of Worker Resistance in statesmen of postwar Europe, the Paul-Henri the Age of Neo-Liberalism Spaak Lecture Series has brought to the Center Chair: Elizabeth Perry seventeen eminent Europeans from ten Session I: General Perspectives countries—all of them active in public Speaker: Sidney Tarrow, Cornell University, affairs—to shed light on various concerns of “The View from Western Europe.” significance to Europe and to the Atlantic alliance. The Spaak Lectureship has been made Speaker: Marsha Pripstein-Posusney, Bryant possible by the foresight and generosity of College, “The Moral Economy of Labor Frank Boas and the Frank Boas Foundation. Protest in Egypt.” Paul-Henri Spaak (1899-1972), was the first Speaker: Douglas Kammen, University of chairman of the Organization for Economic Canterbury, “Industrial Strife in Indonesia.” Cooperation and Development (OECD) and Discussant: Andrew Gordon, Harvard University secretary-general of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). He also chaired the General Discussion team that drafted the Treaty of Rome in 1957, Session II: Labor Unrest in the Pacific Rim which eventually led to the creation of the Speaker: Hagen Koo, University of Hawaii, European Economic Community in 1958. “Labor Unrest in Korea.” On November 4, 1999, the Honorable Speaker: Ching Kwan Lee, Harvard University, George Papandreou, Minister of Foreign “Labor Unrest in China.” Affairs of Greece, delivered the seventeenth annual Paul-Henri Spaak Lecture, entitled Speaker: Susan Eckstein, Boston University, “Europe and the Balkans: The Role of Greece.” “Labor Unrest in Latin America.” A 1992-93 Fellow of the Center for Discussant: Mark Selden, SUNY-Binghamton International Affairs, Mr. Papandreou has General Discussion served the Hellenic Republic as Alternate Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of Education and Religious Affairs, and Deputy November 18-20, 1999 Session II: The Financial Crisis in East Asia: Muddling Through Fellows’ Alumni Conference and Reunion Speakers: Jung-Ho Kim, Korea University, and Sea-Jin Chang, Korea University, “The (For details on this event, please refer to the Chaebol Reforms.” Fellows Program section.) Speaker: Kyung-Hoon Leem, Seoul National January 12-15, 2000 University, “The Politics of Economic Conference on Global Perspectives on Reform under Kim Dae Jung Presidency.” Civil Society in Japan Speaker: Devesh Kapur, Harvard University, Co-sponsored by the Program on U.S.-Japan “Handmaiden, Scapegoat or Bungler: The Relations and the East-West Center, Honolulu, IMF, South Korea and the Asian Crisis.” Hawaii. East-West Center, Honolulu March 4 (For more details on this event, please refer to Session III: The Challenge of Nuclear Proliferation the Japan and U.S.-Japan Relations section.) Speaker: Young-Sun Ha, Seoul National University “The Cycles of North Korean February 25, 1999 Research Group on the Political Nuclear/Missle Crisis: ‘Kangsong Taeguk Economy of International Finance (A Strong and Prosperous State)’ vs. Perry (PEIF) Report.” (For details on this event, please refer to the Speaker: Myung-Rim Park, Korea University, Political Economy section.) “Democracy, Nationalism, and Peace in the Korean Peninsula; North and South in March 3-4, 2000 Comparison during the Post-Cold War Era.” Korea: Its International and Comparative Contexts Speakers: Jacques Hymans, Harvard Univerity, Henning Riecke, Harvard University, and Chairs: Jorge I. Domínguez, Jin-Young Suh, Seung-Young Kim, Fletcher School of Law and Byung-Kook Kim and Diplomacy, Tufts University, “To Go March 3 or Not To Go: South and North Korea’s Session I: The Financial Crisis in East Asia: Nuclear Decisions in Comparative Context.” Causes March 24-25, 2000 Speakers: Hyuk-Baek Im, Korea University, and Byung-Kook Kim, Korea University Relations between Indigenous “‘Crony Capitalism’ in Korea, Thailand, Peoples and States in Contemporary and Taiwan: Myth and Reality.” Latin America Chair: David Maybury-Lewis Speaker: Philip Wellons, Harvard Law School, “The Role of Law and Legal Institutions in March 24 Economic Development: Comparative East Greetings and Opening Remarks Asian Cases.” Peru Speaker: Richard Cooper, Harvard University, Speaker: Bartholomew Dean, University of “China into the World Economic System.” Kansas

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 77 Speaker: Paul Gelles, University of California May 18-20, 2000 at Riverside PONSACS: Indigenous/Tribal Bolivia Sovereignty and Plural Ethnic States Speaker: Bret Gustafson, Harvard University Chairs: David Maybury-Lewis, Ted Macdonald, Ecuador and Ian McIntosh Speaker: Ted Macdonald, Harvard University May 18 Colombia Public Lecture Speaker: Maria Clemencia Ramirez de Jara, Speaker: Rosita Worl, Sealaska Heritage Harvard University Foundation, “Subsistence and Sovereignty March 25 in Alaska.” Mexico Speaker: S. James Anaya, James Rodgers Speaker: Jerome Levi, Carleton College College of Law, University of Arizona, Guatemala “Indigenous Peoples and International Law: Speaker: Jennifer Schirmer, Harvard University New Responses to Old Situations.” Panama May 19 Speaker: James Howe, Massachusetts Institute Conference Overview by David Maybury-Lewis of Technology Paper Presentations: Global Perspectives Paraguay Speaker: Richard Reed, Trinity University Speaker: Kristyna Bishop, First Nations Development Institute, “‘This Land Brazil Knows Me’—First Nations Worldwide Speaker: David Maybury-Lewis, Harvard University/Cultural Survival and Indigenous Land Rights.” Speaker: Darren Godwell, Indigenous Concluding Discussion Community Foundation, “Native Land April 5, 2000 Title is Not Sovereignty.” Fellows Program Special Event Speaker: S. James Anaya, James Rodgers (Co-sponsored with the John M. Olin Institute College of Law, University of Arizona, for Strategic Studies) “Indigenous Peoples’ Rights and “Russia and NATO,” Right Honorable Lord International Complaint Procedures.” George Robertson, Secretary General of NATO. Paper Presentations: Latin America and the May 4, 2000 Philippines Speaker: Joji Carino, Philippine Indigenous The Middle East Peace Process and Its Vicissitudes Peoples Links, “Sovereignty and the Environmental Crisis in the Philippines.” Co-sponsored by the Weatherhead Center’s Middle East Seminar and the Center for Speaker: Ampam Karákras, Confederacion Middle Eastern Studies at Harvard University. de Nacionalidades Indígenas del Ecuador, Additional funds for the all-day symposium “Sovereignty and Crisis of the State in were gratefully received from Linda and Ecuador.” Richard Friedman of New Orleans. May 20 (For details on this event, please refer to the Paper Presentations: Africa, India and the Middle East section.) United States Speaker: Lima Imchen, North-Eastern Hill Discussion Groups and Report to Plenary University, India, “Sovereignty and Protest Reception and Dinner at L’Abbaye in Nagaland.” Introduction: Karl Kaiser Speaker: Joel Meitamei Olol-Dapash, Maasai Dinner Speaker: François Heisbourg, Geneva Environmental Resource Coalition, Centre for Security Policy “Autonomy and Sovereignty in Kenya June 17 and Tanzania.” Session II: Adapting Military Establishments and Policies in Europe and the Former Soviet Speaker: Rosita Worl, Sealaska Heritage Bloc Foundation, “Rethinking Sovereignty in Chair: Steve Rosen Alaska.” Speaker: Jean-Marie Guéhenno, Institute des Open Discussion Hautes Etudes de Defense Nationale Moderator: David Maybury-Lewis Speaker: Stephen Larrabee, Rand Corporation May 25-26, 2000 Speaker: Helga Haftendorn, Freie Universitaet Making Big Choices: Individual Berlin Opinion Formation and Plenary Discussion Societal Choices Session III: Challenge to Sovereignty: the Effect Sponsored by the Weatherhead Center for of Kosovo, the Balkans and Russia International Affairs and the Center for Basic Chair: Samuel Huntington Research in the Social Sciences, Harvard Speaker: Josef Joffe, Die Zeit University (For details on this event please refer to the Speaker: John Roper, House of Lords Canada and U.S.-Canada Relations section.) Speaker: Dominique Moisi, Institute Français June 16-18, 2000 des Relations Internationales (IFRI) European Security: Where is the Discussion Groups and Report to Plenary Threat? Introduction: Jorge I. Domínguez Sponsored by the Weatherhead Center for Dinner Speaker: Samuel Huntington International Affairs and the Bogette Foundation June 18 Tufts University European Center Session IV: European–U.S. Relations Talloires, France Chair: Karl Kaiser Chairs: Karl Kaiser and Samuel Huntington Speaker: Joseph Nye, Harvard University June 16 Speaker: Marco Cesa, University of Bologna Welcome and Introductory Remarks by Jorge I. Domínguez and Karl Kaiser Speaker: Frédéric Bozo, Institute Français des Session I: Viewing Security Issues in a New Relations Internationales (IFRI) Context: the Importance of ‘Societal Security’ Speaker: Andrezej Karkoszka, George C. Chair: Jorge I. Domínguez Marshall Center Speaker: Stanley Hoffmann, Harvard University Plenary Discussion Speaker: Karl Kaiser, German Council on Closing Remarks by Jorge I. Domínguez and Foreign Affairs Karl Kaiser Speaker: Barry Buzan, University of Westminister

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 79 PUBLICATIONS

THE CENTER MAKES AVAILABLE THE RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS done by its affiliates available to interested scholars, practitioners, and policymakers. The Center’s main publishing vehicle is the Working Papers Series, which publishes approximately ten papers a year. Papers are selected for publication based on their relevance to contemporary issues in international affairs and on scholarly qualities such as originality of research, rigor of analysis, and significance of conclusions. Working Papers can be ordered from the Center’s library and are accessible through Columbia International Affairs Online, a subscription service for libraries and other institutions. The Center also publishes a newsletter, Centerpiece, as well as the Annual Report. Many of the programs and seminars within the Center also publish their own paper series and reports. WORKING PAPERS Andreas, Peter. “Smuggling Wars: Law Enforcement and Law Evasion in a Changing World.” Review of 00-04 Carsten Giersch, “Multilateral Conflict Transnational Crime in the Americas, by Tom Regulation (MCR): The Case of Kosovo” Farer, ed. New York: Routledge Press, 1999. 00-03 Wi Saeng Kim, “Does FDI Increase Firm Value in Emerging Markets?” —. Review of From Pirates to Drug Lords: The Post-Cold War Caribbean Security Environment by Michael 00-02 Devesh Kapur, “Processes of Change in Desch, Jorge Domínguez, and Andres Serbin, eds. International Organizations” Political Science Quarterly, (Summer 1999). 00-01 Grzgorz Ekiert and Jan Kubik,“Civil Society From Abroad: The Role of Foreign Angevine, Robert G. “Canada and the Origins of the Assistance in the Democratization of Military Intelligence Division.” Conference Paper, Poland” Society for Historians of American Foreign 99-12 Herbert C. Kelman (ed.), “The Future Relations. Toronto, Canada (2000). Israeli-Palestinian Relationship” ––. Review of ‘Right or Wrong, God Judge Me’: The 99-11 Robert H. Bates, “Ethnicity, Capital Writings of John Wilkes Booth, by John Wilkes Formation, and Conflict” Booth, in John Rhodehamel and Louise Taper, eds. Washington History 11 (Fall/Winter 1999- 99-10 Anthony A. Loh, “A Stripped-Down 2000). Conception of Hegemony” 99-09 Richard N. Cooper, “Should Capital Bates, Robert. “Structure and Strategy in Ethnic Controls Be Banished?” Conflict.” In Boris Pleskovic and Joseph Stigler, 99-08 Jun Fu, “Explaining FDI in China’s eds., Annual World Bank Conference on Transitional Economy” Development Economics, 1998. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1999. WORKS BY CENTER AFFILIATES ––. “Implications for Theory.” In Paul Collier, ed., Risk and Investment in Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Principal publications for the 1999-2000 academic year. Press, 2000. Alt, James E. “Time, Transition, and Institutional ––. “Ethnicity, Capital Formation, and Conflict.” Social Change.” Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Capital Initiative, Working Paper no. 12. Economics 156, no. 1 (March 2000): 300-305. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1999. Alt, James E., Margaret Levi, and Elinor Ostrom, eds. Bellin, Eva. “Contingent Democrats: Industrialists, Labor, Competition and Cooperation: A Conversation with and Democratization in Late Developing Countries.” Several Nobelists on Economics and Political World Politics 52 (January 2000): 175-205. Science. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1999. Bloemraad, Irene. “Portuguese Immigrants and Andreas, Peter. Border Games: Policing the U.S.-Mexico Citizenship in North America.” Lusotopie: Enjeux Divide. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2000. contemporains dans les espaces lusophones 5. Paris: Andreas, Peter, and Timothy Snyder, eds. The Wall Karthala, 1999: 103-120. Around the West: State Borders and Immigration ––. “Citizenship and Immigration: A Current Review.” Controls in North America and Europe. Lanham, Journal of International Migration and Integration MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2000. 1, no. 1 (Spring 2000): 9-37. Boyer, Christopher R. “Viejos amores y neuvas ––. “Exchange Rate Choices.” In J.S. Little and G.P. lealtades: El agrarismo en Michoacán, 1920-1928.” Olivei, eds., Rethinking the International Monetary In Eduardo Nomelí Mijangos Díaz, ed., Movimientos System. Boston: Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, sociales en Michoacán. Siglos XIX y XX. Morelia, 2000: 99-123. Michoacán [Mexico]. Universidad Michoacana de ––. “Currency Convertibility in Transforming Economies.” San Nicolas de Hidalgo (1999): 175-222. In Iliana Zloch-Christy, ed., Economic Policy in Busch, Marc L. “Democracy, Consultation, and the Eastern Europe: Were Currency Boards a Solution? Paneling of Disputes Under GATT.” Journal of Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing, 2000. Conflict Resolution 44, no. 4 (August 2000). ––. “Key Currencies after the Euro.” In Robert Mundell Busch, Marc L. and Eric Reinhardt. “Geography, and Armand Clesse, eds., The Euro as a Stabilizer International Trade, and Political Mobilization in in the International Economic System. Boston: U.S. Industries.” American Journal of Political Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000: 177-201. Science 44, no. 4 (October 2000). ––. “Foreign Economic Policy in the 1960s.” In George L. Perry and James Tobin, eds., Events, Ideas, and Coatsworth, John H. “Introduction to the Harvard Policies: The 1960s and After. Washington, DC: Edition.” In Stephen Kinser and Stephen Tandeter, Brookings Institution, 2000. eds., Bitter Fruit: The Untold Story of the American Coup in Guatamala. Cambridge: Harvard Culpepper, Pepper D. “Still a Model for the Industrialized University Press, 1999: ix-xviii. Countries?” In Pepper D. Culpepper and David ––. “The United States and Democracy in Mexico.” In Finegold, eds., The German Skills Machine: James Dunkerley and Victor Bulmer-Thomas, Sustaining Comparative Advantage in a Global eds., The United States and Latin America. Economy. New York: Berghahn Books, 1999: 1-34. Institute for Latin American Studies, London: ––. “Individual Choice, Collective Action, and the University London, 1999: 141-155. Problem of Training Reform: Insights from France and Eastern Germany.” In Pepper D. Cogan, Charles G. Allies eternels, amis ombrageux: les Culpepper and David Finegold, eds., The German Etats-Unis et la France depuis 1940. Brussels: Skills Machine: Sustaining Comparative Advantage Editions Bruylant, 2000. in a Global Economy. New York: Berghahn Books, ––. “L’attitude des Etats-Unis a l’egard de la guerre 1999: 269-325. d’Inochine.” In Maurice Vaisse ed., L’armee Pepper D. Culpepper and David Finegold, eds. The française dans la guerre d’Indochine. Brussels: German Skills Machine: Sustaining Comparative Editions Complex, 2000. Advantage in a Global Economy. New York: ––. “The Security Crisis of the Late 1940s.” In Jack Berghahn Books, 1999. Granatstein and Gustave Schmidt, eds., NATO— The First Fifty Years. 3 vols. London: Macmillan, Domínguez, Jorge I., ed. The Future of Inter-American 2000. Relations. New York: Routledge, 2000. ––. “Au milieu du monde.” Review of La Grandeur: ––. “The @#$%& Missile Crisis (Or, What Was ‘Cuban’ Politique étrangere du general de Gaulle, 1958- About U.S. Decisions During the Cuban Missile 1969, by Maurice Vaisse. French Politics and Crisis?).” Diplomatic History 24, no. 2 (Spring Society 17, no. 1 (Winter 1999). 2000): 305-315. ––. “U.S.-Latin American Relations During the Cold Colton, Timothy. Transitional Citizens: Voters and What War and Its Aftermath.” In Victor Bulmer-Thomas Influences Them in the New Russia. Cambridge: and James Dunkerley, eds., The United States and Harvard University Press, 2000. Latin America: The New Agenda. London: Institute Cooper, Richard N. “The Road From Serfdom.” Foreign of Latin American Studies, University of London, Affairs 79, no. 1 (January/February 2000): 163-167. 1999: 33-50. ––. “Asian Financial Crises: Causes and Consequences.” In ––. “Cuban Communism in the Post-Cold War Era.” In A. Harwood, R.E. Litan, and M. Pomerleano, Jin-Young Suh and Changrok Soh, eds., The World eds.,Financial Markets and Development. After the Cold War: Issues and Dilemmas. Seoul: Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1999: 17- Graduate School of International Studies, Korea 28. University, 1999: 95-114.

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 81 ––. Review of Rethinking Party Systems in the Third DC: American Council for Capital Formation Wave of Democratization: The Case of Brazil, by Center for Policy Research, 1999: 25-31. Scott P. Mainwaring. Political Science Quarterly ––. “Proposals Regarding Restrictions on Capital 115, no. 1 (Spring 2000): 127-129. Flows.” African Finance Journal 1, part 1 (1999): Domínguez, Jorge I., and Susan Kaufman Purcell. 92-104. “Political Evolution in the Hemisphere.” In Albert ––. Review of Soros’ Split Personality.In Foreign Fishlow and James Jones, eds., The United States Affairs 78, no. 2 (1999): 124-130. and the Americas: A Twenty-First Century View. New York: Norton, 1999: 137-173. Frankel, Jeffrey, and David Romer. “Does Trade Cause Growth?” American Economic Review 89, no. 3 Erdmann, Andrew P. N. “Victory.” In John Whitecaly (1999): 379-399. Chambers II, ed., The Oxford Companion to American Military History. New York: Oxford Frieden, Jeffry. “Actors and Preferences in International University Press, 1999: 756-757. Relations.” In David Lake and Robert Powell, eds., Strategic Choice in International Relations. ––. “Letter to the Editor.” New York Times, March 16, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999. 2000: A30. Frieden, Jeffry, Manuel Pastor and Michael Tomz. ––. Review of A Cross of Iron: Harry S. Truman and the Modern Political Economy and Latin America: Origins of the National Security State, 1945-1954, Theory and Policy. Boulder: Westview Press, 2000. by Michael J. Hogan. Journal of Military History 63, no. 3 (July 1999): 753-754. Frieden, Jeffry and David Lake. International Political Economy: Perspectives on Global Power ––. Review of George F. Kennan’s Strategic Thought: The and Wealth, 4th ed. New York: St. Martin’s Making of an American Political Realist,by Press, 2000. Richard L. Russel. Journal of Military History, 64, no. 2 (April 2000): 596-597. ––. “Towards a Political Economy of Takings.” Washington University Journal of Law and Frank, David John, Ann Hironaka, and Evan Schofer. Policy 3 (2000). “Environmentalism as a Global Institution: Reply ––. “The Political Economy of the Euro as an International to Buttel.” American Sociological Review 65 Currency.”In Robert Mundell and Armand Clesse, (February 2000): 122-127. eds., The Euro as a Stabilizer in the International ––. “The Nation-State and the Natural Environment Economic System. Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic over the Twentieth Century.” American Publishers, 2000. Sociological Review 65 (February 2000): 96-116. Friedman, Benjamin. “The Future of Monetary Policy: Frank, David John, Suk-Ying Wong, John W. Meyer, The Central Bank as an Army with Only a Signal and Francisco O. Ramirez. “Embedding National Corps?” International Finance 2, (November Society: Worldwide Changes in University History 1999). Curricula, 1895-1994.” Comparative Education Review 44 (February 2000): 29-53. Geddis, Andrew. “Democratic Visions and Third Party Frank, David John. “The Social Bases of Environmental Campaign Expenditures: A Comparative View.” Treaty Ratification, 1900-1990. Sociological Inquiry Tulane Journal of International & Comparative Law 69 (Fall 1999): 523-550. 9, no. 310 (2000). Frankel, Jeffrey. “On the Euro: Impacts on Members Grossman, Richard S. “Rearranging Deck Chairs on and Non-Members.” In Robert Mundell and the Titanic: English Banking Concentration and Armand Clesse, eds., The Euro as a Stabilizer in the Efficiency, 1870-1914.” European Review of Eco- International Economic System. Norwell, MA: nomic History 3, no. 3 (December 1999): 323-349. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000: 93-109, 418-422. ––. “Double Liability and Bank Risk-Taking.” ––. No Single Currency Regime is Right for All Countries or Working Paper. at All Times. Essays in International Finance no. 215. ––. “A New Index of British Equity Prices, 1870- Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999. 1912.” Working Paper. ––. “The Kyoto Treaty: Economic and Environ- Blass, Asher A. and Richard S. Grossman. “A Costly mental Consequences.” In Climate Change Guarantee: The Israeli Bank Shares Crisis of Policy: Practical Strategies to Promote Economic 1983.” Working Paper. Growth and Environmental Quality. Washington, Hall, Peter A. “Social Capital in Britain.” British Journal of ––. “The Modern France of the Year 2000.” Time— Political Science 29 (July 1999): 473-517. Special Report on France. (June 2000). ––. “The Political Economy of Europe in an Era of Hoshi, Osamu. “The Malaise of Japanese Banks: What Interdependence.” In Herbert Kitschelt, Peter They Must Do to Revive.” USJP Occasional Paper, Lang, Gary Marks, and John Stephens, eds., Program on U.S.-Japan Relations, Harvard Continuity and Change in Contemporary University, 2000. Capitalism. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Huntington, Samuel P. The Soldier and the State: The ––. “Organized Market Economies and Unemployment Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations. in Europe: Is it Finally Time to Accept Liberal Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1957 Orthodoxy?” In Nancy Bermeo, ed., Context and (in Chinese). Consequence: The Effects of Unemployment in the ––. Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven: New Europe. New York: Cambridge University Yale University Press, 1968 (in Romanian). Press, 2000. ––. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Hall, Peter A. and Sidney Tarrow. “Globalization: When Order. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996. (in is Too Wide Too Narrow?” In Patrick O’Meara Estonian and in Portuguese). and Howard Mehlinger, eds., Changing ––. “Robust Nationalism.” The National Interest, no. 58 Perspectives on International Education. (Winter 1999/2000). Bloomington: Indiana Press, 1999. Huntington, Samuel P., and Lawrence Harrison, eds. Hall, Peter A. and Robert J. Franzese, Jr. “The Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Institutional Interaction of Wage Bargaining and Progress. New York: Basic Books, 2000. Central Bank Independence.” In Torben Iverson, Jonas Pontusson, and David Soskice, eds., Unions, Hymans, Jacques E.C. “Isotopes and Identity: Australia Employers and Central Banks: Wage Bargaining and the Nuclear Weapons Option, 1945-1999.” and Macroeconomic Policy in an Integrating The Nonproliferation Review 7, no. 1 (Spring Europe. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000): 1-23. 2000. ––. “Les perspectives de la prolifération nucléaire et le cas de l’Inde.” Cahiers du Centre d’Etudes d’ Histoire Herzfeld, Michael. “Of Language and Land de la Défense (Paris), no. 12 (Winter 2000). Tenure: The Transmission of Property and Information in Autonomous Crete." Social ––. “Do Too Many Chefs Really Spoil the Broth? The Anthropology 7 (1999): 223-227. European Commission, Bureaucratic Politics and European Integration.” Harvard University, Center Hoffmann, Stanley. “L'Etat.” In J.P. Rioux and J.F. for European Studies Working Paper Series 9.2 Sirinelli, eds., La France d'un siècle à l'autre. Paris: (Summer 1999). Hachette Litteratures, 1999: 145-150. Jasanoff, Sheila. “STS and Public Policy: Getting ––. “L'Europe, tout compte fait.” In J.P. Rioux and J.F. Beyond Deconstruction.” Science, Technology and Sirinelli, eds., La France d'un siècle à l'autre. Paris: Society 4, no. 1 (1999): 59-72. Hachette Litteratures, 1999: 913-919. ––. “The ‘Science Wars’ and American Politics.” In ––. “France: Two Obsessions for One Century.” In Meinolf Dierkes and Claudia von Grote, eds., Robert Pastor ed., A Century's Journey. Basic Between Understanding and Trust: The Public, Books, 1999: 69-90. Science, and Technology. Reading, UK: Harwood ––. “Vichy Studies in France: Before and After Paxton.” Academic, 2000: 39-59. In Sarah Fishman ed., France at War: Vichy and ––. “Technological Risk and Cultures of Rationality.” In the Historians. Oxford and New York: Berg, 1999: Incorporating Science, Economics, and Sociology in 49-57. Developing Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards ––. “French Perspectives on European Integration.” in International Trade, National Research Council Harvard Focus Europe 1 (Fall 1999): 24-26. Conference, Washington, DC: National Academy ––. “Toward a Common European Foreign and Security Press, (2000): 65-84. Policy?” Journal of Common Market Studies 38, no.2 (June 2000).

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 83 ––. “Not Proven: Truth by Exhaustion in the Baltimore Policy Process.” Peace and Conflict: Journal of Case.” Review of The Baltimore Case: A Trial of Peace Psychology 5, no.3 (1999): 201-218. Politics, Science, and Character, by Daniel J. Kevles. ––. “The Interdependence of Israeli and Palestinian Isis 90, no. 4 (1999): 781-783. National Identities: The Role of the Other in ––. “Blood, Genes and Profits.” Review of French DNA: Existential Conflicts.” Journal of Social Issues 55, Trouble in Purgatory, by Paul Rabinow. Nature no. 3 (Fall 1999): 581-600. Biotechnology 18, no. 3 (2000): 352. ––. “International Conflict Resolution.” In G. Magerl, Johnston, Alastair Iain, and Robert S. Ross. Engaging H. Rumpler, and C. Smekal, eds., Wissenschaft und China: The Management of a Rising Power. Zukunft: Beiträge der Wissenschaften zur London: Routledge Press, 1999. Bewältigung globaler Krisen. Vienna: Verlag Böhlau, 2000. Johnston, Alastair Iain. “Strategic Culture Revisited: Reply to Colin Gray.” Review of International ––. “Transforming the Relationship between Former Studies 25, (July 1999): 519-523 Enemies: A Social-Psychological Analysis.” In Robert L. Rothstein, ed., After the Peace: Resistance ––. “The Cox Report on Governance and Policy and Reconciliation. Boulder, CO, and London: in China.” In Michael May, ed., The Cox Lynne Rienner, 1999: 193-205. Committee Report: An Assessment.Center for International Security and Cooperation, Stanford ––. “The Future Israeli-Palestinian Relationship: A University, 1999. Concept Paper by the Joint Working Group on Israeli-Palestinian Relations." Middle East Policy 7, ––. “Zhongguo canyu guoji tizhi de ruogan sikao,” no. 2 (February 2000): 90-112. Originally [Some thoughts on China's participation in inter- published in Working Paper 99-12, Weatherhead national institutions]. Shijie Jingji Yu Zhengzhi, Center for International Affairs, Harvard [World Economics and Politics], no. 7. Beijing: University, December 1999. (July 1999). Keys, Barbara. “The Internationalization of Sport.” In Jones-Correa, Michael. “The ‘Return’ of the State: Frank Ninkovich and Liping Bu, eds., The Cultural Immigration, Transnationalism and Dual Turn: Essays in the History of U.S. Foreign Relations. Nationality.” DRCLAS News (Spring 2000): Chicago: Imprint Publications, 2000. 22-24. ––. “Under Two Flags: Dual Nationality in Latin King, Gary, Nathaniel Beck and Langche Zeng. America and Its Consequences for the United “Improving Quantitative Studies of International States.” David Rockefeller Center for Latin Conflict: A Conjecture.” American Political Science American Studies, Working Paper 99/00-3 Review 94, no. 1 (March 2000): 21-36. (Spring 2000). King, Gary, Michael Tomz and Jason Wittenberg. “Making the Most of Statistical Analyses: Kapur, Devesh. “Processes of Change in Inter- national Improving Interpretation and Presentation.” Organizations.” Working Paper No. 00-02, American Journal of Political Science 44, no. 2 Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, (April 2000): 341-355. Harvard University, 2000. King, Gary. “Geography, Statistics, and Ecological ––. “India—1999 Review.” Asia Survey, January /February Inference.” Annals of the Association of American 2000. Geographers (2000). ––. “The World Bank’s Net Income and Reserves,” in King, Gary, and Jeffrey Lewis, “No Evidence on International Monetary and Financial Issues for the Directional vs. Proximity Voting.” Political Analysis 1990s. UNCTAD, Vol. X, New York and Geneva, 8, no. 1 (August 1999). 1999. Kirby, William C., James Chin Shih and Manhoung Lin, Kelman, Herbert C. “Experiences from 30 Years of eds. State and Economy in Republican China: A Action Research on the Israeli-Palestinian Handbook for Scholars. Cambridge: Harvard Asia Conflict.” In K. P. Spillmann and A. Wenger, eds., Center, 2000. Zeitgeschichtliche Hintergründe aktueller Konflikte VII: Zürcher Beiträge zur Sicherheitspolitik und ––.“Engineering China: The Origins of the Chinese Konfliktforschung, no. 54 (1999): 173-197. Developmental State.” In Wenhsin Yeh, ed., Becoming Chinese. Berkeley: University of ––. “Interactive Problem Solving as a Metaphor for California Press, 2000. International Conflict Resolution: Lessons for the ––. “The Nationalist Regime and the Chinese Party-State.” Kornai, János, Róbert Iván Gál and Géza Bognár. In Merle Goldman and Andrew Gordon, eds., “Hálapénz a magyar egészségügyben.” [Gratuity Contemporary East Asia in Historical Perspective. money in the Hungarian healthcare system.] Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000. Közgazdasági Szemle 47 no.4 (March 2000): 293–320. Kirshner, Jonathan. “The Study of Money.” World Politics 52, no. 3 (April 2000): 407-36. Kremer, Michael. “Creating Markets for New Vaccines: ––. “Rationalist Explanations for War?” Security Part I: Rationale.” Innovation Policy and the Studies 10, no. 1 (Autumn 2000). Economy. NBER Working Paper 7716 (June 2000). ––. “Keynes, Capital Mobility, and the Crisis of ––. “Creating Markets for New Vaccines: Part II: Design Embedded Liberalism.” Review of International Issues.” Innovation Policy and the Economy. NBER Political Economy 6, no. 3 (Autumn 1999): 313- Working Paper 7717 (June 2000). 337. Kremer, Michael, and Charles Morcom. “Elephants.” ––. “Inflation: Paper Dragon or Trojan Horse?” Review American Economic Review (March 2000): 212-234. of International Political Economy 6, no. 4 (Winter Kremer, Michael, and Paras Mehta. “Globalization and 1999): 609-618. International Public Finance.” NBER Working ––. Review of Gatekeepers of Growth,by Sylvia Paper 7575 (2000). Maxfield. Studies in International and Kremer, Michael, and Daniel Chen. “Income Comparative Development 34, no. 1 (Winter Distribution Dynamics with Endogenous 1999): 128-131. Fertility.” NBER Working Paper 7530 (2000). Kirshner, Jonathan, and Rawi Abdelal. “Strategy, Kremer, Michael, and Rachel Glennerster. “A World Economic Relations, and the Definition of Bank Vaccine Commitment.” Brookings Instiution National Interests.” Security Studies 9, no. 1 Policy Brief (2000). Available at http://www. (Autumn 1999): 123-62. brookings.edu/comm/Policy Briefs/pb057/ pb57.htm. Kornai, János. Welfare after Communism.London:The Social Market Foundation, Centre for Post- Glennerster, Rachel, and Michael Kremer. “A Better Way Collectivist Studies, 1999. to Spur Medical Research and Development.” Regulation 23, no. 2 (2000): 34-39. ––. “What the Change of the System Does and Does Not Mean.” Economic Systems 23, no. 2, (June 1999): 160- La Porta, Rafael, and Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes. “The 166. Benefits of Privatization: Evidence from México.” ––. “Legal Obligation, Non-Compliance and Soft Budget Quarterly Journal of Economics (November 1999). Constraint.” Economic and Business Review 1, no. 1-2 La Porta, Rafael, Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes, Andrei (1999): 53-66. Shleifer and Robert Vishny. “Agency Problems ––. “What the Change of the System from Socialism to and Dividend Policies around the World” Journal Capitalism Does and Does Not Mean.” Journal of of Finance, (February 2000). Economic Perspectives 14, no 1. (Winter 2000): 27-42. ––. “Investor Protection: Origins, Consequences, and ––. “Reforming the Welfare State in Postsocialist Reform.” Journal of Financial Economics (2000). Economies.” In A. N. Brown, ed., When Is Transition ––. “Investor Protection and Corporate Valuation.” Over? Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Mimeo (July 1999). Employment Research, 1999: 99-114. La Porta, Rafael, Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes, Andrei ––. “The Borderline Between the Spheres of Authority Shleifer, and Simon Johnson. “Tunnelling.” of the Citizen and the State. Recommendations American Economic Review Papers Proceedings for the Hungarian Health Reform.” In Stephen H. (May 2000). Haggard, János K. Kornai and Robert K. La Porta, Rafael, Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes, and Kaufman, eds., Interaction between Politics and Andrei Shleifer, “Government Ownership of Economic Policy in the Postcommunist Transition. Commercial Banks.” Mimeo (November 1999). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. La Porta, Rafael, Simeon Djankov, Florencio Lopez-de- ––. “The System Paradigm.” The Davidson Institute Silanes and Andrei Shleifer. “The Regulation of Working Paper Series No. 278. Ann Arbor, MI: Entry.” Mimeo (June 2000). The William Davidson Institute, (February 2000).

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 85 Levitsky, Steven. “Fujimori and Post-Party Politics in Martin, Lisa L. and Judith Goldstein. “Legalization, Peru.” Journal of Democracy 10, no. 3 (July 1999): Trade Liberalization, and Domestic Politics: A 78-92. Cautionary Note.” International Organization ––. “The ‘Normalization’ of Argentine Democracy.” (Summer 2000). Journal of Democracy 11, no. 2 (April 2000): 56-69. Martin, Lisa L. and Robert O. Keohane. “Institutional Theory, Endogeneity, and Delegation.” Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio, and Rafael La Porta. Weatherhead Center for International Affairs “Creditor Rights and Bankruptcy Reform.” In Working Paper 99-07, Harvard University, 1999. Simeon Djankov and Joseph E. Stiglitz,eds., Systemic Corporate Distress and Its Resolution. Martin, Pierre, Richard Nadeau and André Blais. Washington, DC: The World Bank Institute, 2000. “Attitude Towards Risk-Taking and Individual Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio, Rafael La Porta, Andrei Choice in the Quebec Referendum on Shleifer, and Robert Vishny. “The Quality of Sovereignty.” British Journal of Political Science 29 Government.” Journal of Law Economics and (July 1999): 523-539. Organizations 15, 1999: 222-279. Martin, Pierre and Richard Nadeau. “Understanding Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio, Rafael La Porta. “Capital Opinion Formation on Quebec Sovereignty.” In Markets and Legal Institutions.” In Shadid Burki Joanna Everitt and Brenda O’Neil, eds., Political and Guillermo Perry, eds., Beyond the Washington Behavior: Theory and Practice in a Canadian Consensus: Institutions Matter. Washington, DC: Context. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 2000. The World Bank Institute, 1998. Also in Banks Matory,J.Lorand. “Afro-American Culture: On the and Capital Markets. Washington, DC: The World Live Dialogue between Africa and the Americas.” Bank Institute, 1999. In Henry Louis Gates and K. Anthony Appiah, MacFarquhar, Roderick, and Merle Goldman. The eds., Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and Paradox of China's Post-Mao Reforms. Cambridge, African-American Experience. New York: Basic MA and London: Harvard University Press, 1999. Civitas Books, 1999: 36-44. ––. The Origins of the Cultural Revolution,3,Paperback. ––. “Jeje: Repensando Nações e Transnacionalismo.” Oxford: Oxford University Press and New York: Mana: Estudos de Anthropogia Social 5,no.1,Rio Columbia University Press, 1999. de Janeiro, (1999): 57-80. ––. “The English Professors of Brazil: On the Diasporic Maki, Yasuhiro. “Toward a More Desirable System of Roots of the Yoruba Nation.” Comparative Studies Foreign Exchange Management in Asia: Possible in Society and History 41, no. 1, (1999): 72-103. Roles for Japan and the United States.” U.S.-Japan Occasional Paper, Program on U.S.-Japan Maybury-Lewis, David. Cultural Pluralism: Problem or Relations, Harvard University, 2000. Solution in the Next Century? Tokyo: University of Sophia Press, 1999. Martin, Lenore G. “Turkey's National Security in the Middle East.” Journal of Turkish Studies 1, no. 1 ––. “Lowland Peoples in the Twentieth Century.” In (Spring 2000): 83-106. Frank Salomon and Stuart B. Schwartz, eds.,The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Martin, Lisa L. Democratic Commitments: Legislatures Americas. Cambridge, England: Cambridge and International Cooperation. Princeton, NJ: University Press, 1999: 872-947. Princeton University Press, 2000. ––. “On Theories of Order and Justice in the Development ––. “The Contributions of Rational Choice: A Defense of Civilization.” In Martha Lamberg-Karlovksky, of Pluralism.” International Security 24, no. 2 (Fall ed., The Breakout: the Origins of Civilization. 1999): 74-83. Cambridge, MA: Peabody Museum of Archaeology ––. “The Political Economy of International and Ethnology, Harvard University, 2000: 39-43. Cooperation.” In UNDP, ed., Global Public Goods. McDermott, Rose. “The Psychological Ideas of Amos New York: Oxford University Press, 1999: 78-98. Tversky and their Relevance for Political Science.” ––. “An Institutional View: International Institutions Journal of Theoretical Politics 13, no. 1 (January and State Strategies.” In T.V. Paul and John A. 2000). Hall, eds., International Order and the Future of ––. Review of Collective Choice Processes and Foreign World Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Policy Decision Making, by Irmtraud Gallhofer and Press, 1999: 78-98. Willem Saris. American Political Science Review (March 2000). McDermott, Rose and Jonathan Cowden. Review of In ––. “Grain and Grandeur: Was De Gaulle Really a the Stream of History, by Warren Christopher. Visionary Statesman?” Europe (NYC) (December Political Psychology (September 1999). 1999). McDermott, Rose and Jacek Kugler. “The U.S. Decision ––. “Is Something Rotten in the State of Denmark? to Launch Operation Desert Storm, January, 1991: Constructivism and European Integration.” Comparing Expected Utility and Prospect Theory Journal of European Public Policy, “Special Issue: Analyses.” Journal of Strategic Studies (September The Social Construction of Europe,” (2000). 2000). ––. “The Future of European Integration Studies: Social McDermott, Rose and Jonathan Cowden. “Short-Term Theory or Social Science?” Millennium (Autumn Forces and Partisanship.” Political Behavior 1999). (December 2000). ––. “Theory and Method in the Study of International Miyaoka, Isao. “International Norm Legitimacy and Negotiation: A Reply to Oran Young on `A New State Autonomy: A Case Study of the Ban on Statecraft?’” International Organization (Autumn Large-Scale Pelagic Driftnet Fishing.” Kokusai Seiji 1999). [International Relations], no. 124 (May 2000): Nelson, Patricia A. “Japan's Foreign Direct Investment 123-136. in East Asia.” In Jochen Lorentzen, ed., ––. “Japan’s Global Environmental Policy in the late Globalization in Emerging Markets.London: 1980s and early 1990s: Changing from an Eco- Macmillan, 2000. Outlaw to a Green Contributor.” Social Science ––. “The Security Implications of Japan’s Foreign Direct Japan, no. 16 (August 1999): 7-10. Investment in East Asia.” Occasional Paper 00-10, ––. “State-Society Relations under Foreign Pressure: Two Program on US-Japan Relations, Harvard Contrasting Cases in the Japanese Fisheries Policy University, 2000. Community.” Japanstudien 11 (1999): 135-161. ––. Review of Environmental Regulations and Corporate Moravcsik, Andrew, Robert Keohane, Peter Feaver, Strategy: A NAFTA Perspective, by Alan Rugman, Gunther Hellmann, Randall Schweller, Jeffrey John Kirton and Julie Soloway, eds. International Taliaferro and William Wohlforth. “Is Anybody Affairs (January 2000). Still a Realist? The Authors Reply.” International ––. Review of Inside the Bundesbank, by Stephen F. Security (Summer 2000). Frowen and Robert Pringle. International Affairs Moravcsik, Andrew, Robert Keohane, and Jeffrey Legro. (October 1999). “Is Anybody Still a Realist?” International Security Orosel, Gerhard O., and Zvika Neeman. “Credits, (Fall 1999). Crises, and Capital Controls: A Micro- economic Moravcsik, Andrew, Robert Keohane and Anne-Marie Analysis.” IED Discussion Paper Series no. 100, Slaughter. “Legalized Dispute Resolution: Interstate Institute for Economic Development, Boston and Transnational.” International Organization University, January 2000. (Summer 2000). Paarlberg, Robert. “The Global Food Fight.” Foreign Moravcsik, Andrew, Robert Keohane, Kenneth Abbott, Affairs 79, no. 3 (May/June 2000): 24-38. Anne-Marie Slaughter, and Duncan Snidal. “The Concept of Legalization.” International Organization ––. “Politics and Food Insecurity in Africa.” Review of (Summer 2000). Agricultural Economics 21, no. 2 (Fall/Winter 1999): 499-512. Andrew Moracsik. “Democracy and Constitutionalism in the European Union.” ECSA Review (Spring ––. “GM Crops in Developing Countries: Promise or 2000). Peril?” Environment 42, no. 1 (January 2000). ––. “The Origins of International Human Rights Paarlberg, Robert, David Orden and Terry Roe. Policy Regimes: Democratic Delegation in Postwar Reform in American Agriculture: Analysis and Europe.” International Organization (Spring Prognosis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000). 1999. ––. “Le grain et la grandeur: les origines économiques Perkins, Dwight H., Li-Min Hsueh and Chen-kuo Hsu. de la politique européenne du général de Gaulle Industrialization and the State: The Changing Role Partie I et II.” Revue française de science politique of the Taiwan Government’s Policy Toward (August 1999 and February 2000).

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 87 Development 1945-1998. Cambridge: Harvard Pharr, Susan J. and Robert D. Putnam, eds. Disaffected Institute for International Development, 2000. Democracies: What's Troubling the Trilateral Perkins, Dwight H. “Strategic Choices for China and Countries? Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Vietnam in the 21st Century.” In Koichi Ohno and Press, 2000. Koji Nishikimi, eds., Kaihatsu Senryaku no Putnam, Robert D., and Susan J. Pharr. Disaffected Saikento: Kadai and Tenbo. Tokyo: Institute for Democracies: What's Troubling the Trilateral Developing Economies, 2000: 67-93. Countries? Princeton, NJ: Princeton University ––. “La crescita economica: fli scenari a medio termine.” Press, 2000. In Marta Dassu, ed., Oriente in Rosso: La Cina e la ––. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American crisi asitica. Milan: Guerini e associati, 1999: 31-53. Community. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000. ––. “China and the Asian Financial Crisis.” In Beijing Putnam, Robert D. with R.J. Dalton and Susan J. Pharr. University Economic Research Center, eds., “A Quarter Century of Declining Confidence.” Bienhua shijiezhong de zhongguo jingji. Beijing: Journal of Democracy 11, no. 2 (April 2000): 5-25. Beijing University Press, 2000: 200-217. ––. “Law, Family Ties, and the East Asian Way of Richardson, Louise. “Terrorists as Transnational Business.” In Lawrence E. Harrison and Samuel P. Actors.” Terrorism and Political Violence 2, no. 4 Huntington, eds., Culture Matters: How Values (Winter 1999): 209-220. Shape Human Progress. New York: Basic Books, ––. “A Spiral of Peace? Bringing an End to Violence in 2000: 232-243. Northern Ireland” In Heinrich Krumwiede and Perkins, Dwight H., end Wing Thye Woo. “Malaysia: Peter Waldmann eds., Regulating Civil Wars. Economic Overview.” In World Economic Forum, Nomos, Germany, 2000: 166-184. The Asia Competitiveness Report 1999. Davos: ––. “The Concert of Europea and Security Management World Economic Forum, 1999: 156-166. in the Nineteenth Century.” In H. Haftendorn, R. Perkins, Dwight H. “Restoring High Economic Growth Keohane and C. Wallander, eds., Imperfect Unions: in China.” South China Morning Post (August Security Institutions over Time and Space. Oxford: 1999). Oxford University Press, 1999: 48-80. ––. Review of The Ultimate Terrorists, by Jessica Stern. Pharr, Susan J. “Corruption and Public Trust: Terrorism and Political Violence, (Winter 1999). Perspectives on Japan and East Asia.” Harvard Asia Pacific Review 4, no. 2, (Summer 2000): 54-56. ––. Review of Inside Terrorism, by Bruce Hoffmann. Political Science Quarterly, (Summer 1999). ––. “Officials’ Misconduct and Public Distrust: Japan and the Liberal Democracies.” In Susan J. Pharr Riecke, Henning. “U.S. Non-Proliferation Campaigns and Robert D. Putnam, eds., Disaffected and Their Impact on Institutional Change.” In Democracies: What's Troubling the Trilateral Helga Haftendorn, Robert O. Keohane, and Countries? Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Celeste Wallander, eds., Imperfect Unions: Security Press, 2000: 173-201. Institutions over Time and Space. Oxford: Oxford ––. “Corruption and Public Trust: Perspectives on University Press, 1999: 259-286. Japan and East Asia.” East-West Center Working Rodrik, Dani. “How Far Will International Economic Papers, Politics and Security Series, no. 1, 2000. Integration Go?” Journal of Economic Perspectives Pharr, Susan J., Robert D. Putnam and Russell J. 14, no. 1 (Winter 2000). Dalton. “Trouble in the Advanced Democracies? ––. “Where Did All the Growth Go? External Shocks, A Quarter-Century of Declining Confidence.” Social Conflict and Growth Collapses.” Journal of Journal of Democracy 11, no. 2, (April 2000): 5-25. Economic Growth 4 (December 1999): 385-412. ––.“Introduction: What’s Troubling the Trilateral Rogoff, Kenneth. “Monetary Models of Dollar/ Yen/Euro Democracies?” In Susan J. Pharr and Robert D. Nominal Exchange Rates: Dead or Undead?” Putnam, eds., Disaffected Democracies: What's Economic Journal 109 (November1999): F655-F659. Troubling the Trilateral Countries? Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000: 3-27. ––. “Institutions for Reducing Global Financial Instability.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 13 Pharr, Susan J., and Robert D. Putnam. “Why is (Fall 1999): 21-42. Democracy More Popular than Democracies?” The Chronicle of Higher Education XLVI, no. 38, ––. “Perspectives on Exchange Rate Volatility.” In May 26, 2000, B4-B5. Martin Feldstein, ed., International Capital Flows. Chicago: University of Chicago Press and the and Pierre Manin eds., Democracy, Accountability, NBER, 1999: 441-453. and Representation. New York: Cambridge Obstfeld, Maurice and Kenneth Rogoff. “New University Press, 1999: 279-297. Directions for Stochastic Open Economy Models.” Shevel, Oxana. “Crimean Tatars in Ukraine: The Journal of International Economics 50 (February Politics of Inclusion and Exclusion.” Analysis of 2000): 117-153. Current Events 12, no. 1-2 (January/February Sachs, Jeffrey, and Lisa Cook. “The Case for Regional 2000): 9-11. Public Goods.” In Inge Kaul, Isabelle Grunberg ––. “Tatars Strengthen the Cause of Ukrainian and Marc Stern, eds., Global Public Goods–– Statehood.” Kyiv Post (July 22, 1999). Intranational Cooperation in the 21st Century. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. Shore, Zach. “The Challenge to Certainty.” The National Interest (Summer 2000). Sachs, Jeffrey, and Nirupaum Bajpai. “Fiscal Policy in India’s Economic Reforms.” In Ashutosh Varshney ––. “U.S. Hurts Iran’s Reformers.” Newsday (June 7, 2000). and Nirupaum Bajpai, eds., India in the Era of ––. “Hitler’s Opening Gambit: Intelligence, Encircle- Economic Reforms. New York: Oxford University ment, and the Decision to Align with Poland.” Press, 1999. Intelligence & National Security 14, no. 3 (Autumn ––. “Brazil Fever.” The Miliken Institute Review (Second 1999): 111-130. Quarter 1999). Skocpol, Theda. The Missing Middle: Working Families ––. “Cracking the Shell Game: Implementing and the Future of American Social Policy. New Debt Relief for the HIPC’s.” ICSW Social York: W.W. Norton and The Century Foundation, Development Review (September 1999). 2000. Sachs, Jeffrey, and Felipe Larrain. “Why Dollarization is ––. “Theory Tackles History: A Comment on Analytic More Straightjacket than Salvation.” Foreign Narratives.” Social Science History Review (2000). Policy, no. 116 (Fall 1999). ––. “Why I Am a Historical Social Scientist.”Extensions: Sachs, Jeffrey, Theodore Panayotou and Alix Peterson. Journal of the Carl Albert Congressional Research and “Developing Countries and the Control of Studies Center (Fall 1999): 16-19. Climate Change: A Theoretical Perspective and ––. “Advocates Without Members: The Recent Policy Implications.” HIID CAER II Discussion Transformation of American Civil Life.” In Theda Paper, no. 44 (November 1999). ––. Skocpol and Morris P. Fiorina, eds., Civic Engagement Shepsle, Kenneth A. “Game Theory, Structure, and in American Democracy. Washington, DC and New Sequence: The Contributions of Reinhard Selten York: Brookings Institution Press and Russell Sage to Political Analysis.” In James Alt, Margaret Levi, Foundation 1999: 461-509. and Elinor Ostrom, eds., Competition and ––. “How Americans Became Civic.” In Theda Skocpol Cooperation: Conversations with Nobelists about and Morris P. Fiorina, eds., Civic Engagement in Economics and Political Science. New York: Russell American Democracy. Washington, DC and New Sage, 1999: 256-273. York: Brookings Institution Press and Russell Sage ––. “The Political Economy of State Reform.” Revista de Foundation 1999: 27-80. Economia Politica [Brazilian Journal of Political Skocpol, Theda and Morris P. Fiorina. “Making Sense Economy] 19 (1999): 39-58. of the Civic Engagement Debate.” In Theda Shepsle, Kenneth A., and Michael Laver. “Ministrables Skocpol and Morris P. Fiorina, eds., Civic and Government Formation: Munchkins, Engagement in American Democracy. Washington, Players,and Big Beasts of the Jungle.” Journal of DC and New York: Brookings Institution Press Theoretical Politics 12 (2000): 113-124. and Russell Sage Foundation 1999: 1-23. ––. “How Political Parties Emerged from the Primeval Slaughter, Anne-Marie. “Agencies on the Loose? Holding Slime: Party Cohesion, Party Discipline, and the Government Networks Accountable.” In George A Formation of Governments.” In Shaun Bowler and Bermann, Matthias Herdegen and Peter Lindseth, David Farrell eds., Party Organization. Columbus: eds., Transatlantic Regulatory Cooperation. Oxford: Ohio State University Press, 1999: 23-48. Oxford University Press, 2000. ––. “Government Accountability in Parliamentary Slaughter, Anne-Marie and Abram Chayes. “The ICC Democracy.” In Adam Przeworski, Susan Stokes, and the Future of the Global Legal System.” In Sarah Sewall, ed., National Security and ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 89 International Law: The United States and the Suárez-Orozco, Marcelo M., and Peter Roos and Carola International Criminal Court. Lanham, MD: Suárez-Orozco. “Cultural, Educational, Legal Rowman and Littlefield, 2000. Perspectives on Immigration: Implications for Slaughter, Anne-Marie. “Governing the Global School Reform.” In Jay Heubert, ed., Law and Economy through Government Networks.” In School Reform: Six Strategies for Promoting Michael Byers, ed., The Role of Law in Educational Equity. New Haven, CT: Yale International Politics. Oxford: Oxford University University Press, 1999: 160-204. Press, 2000: 177-205. Suárez-Orozco, Marcelo M. “Perspectives ––. “Government Networks: The Heart of the Liberal Ethnographiques dans le Contexte Post- Democratic Order.” In Gregory H. Fox and Brad Moderne.” In Ana Vasquez and Isabel Martinez, R. Roth, eds., Democratic Governance and eds., Recherches Ethnographiques en Europe et International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge Amérique du Nord. Paris: Anthropos, 1999: 111- University Press, 2000: 199-235. 130. ––. “Memorandum to the President.” In Alton Frye, ––. “Latin American Immigration to the United States.” Project Director, Toward an International In James Dunkerley and Victor Bulmer-Thomas, Criminal Court: Three Options Presented as eds., The United States and Latin America: The Presidential Speeches. New York: Council on New Agenda. Cambridge and London: David Foreign Relations, 1999: 1-18. Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies, Harvard University and Institute of Latin Slaughter, Anne-Marie and Steven R. Ratner, eds., American Studies, University of London. Harvard “Symposium on Method in International Law.” University Press, 1999: 227-244. American Journal of International Law 93 (April 1999). ––. “A Psychoanalytic Study of Argentine Soccer.” In Nancy Ginsburg and Roy Ginsburg, eds., Snyder, Timothy. “A Polish Socialist For Jewish Psychoanalysis and Culture at the Millennium. Nationality: Kazimierz Kelles-Krauz (1872-1905).” New Haven and London: Yale University Press, Polin, 12 (1999). 1999: 64-95. ––. “To Resolve the Ukrainian Question Once and For Suárez-Orozco, Marcelo M. and Alan Dundes. “Una All': The Ethnic Cleansing of Ukrainians in interpretación psicocultural del piropo en Poland, 1943-1947.” Journal of Cold War Studies 1, América Latina.” In Martha Blache ed., Folklore no. 22 (1999): 86-120. urbano: Vigencia de la leyenda y los relatos ––. “Un socialiste polonais à Paris, ou Pourquoi le tradicionales. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Ediciones socialiste marxiste a-t-il me'connu l'importance Colihue, 1999: 143-172. du phénomene nationale? (à la lumière des Suárez-Orozco, Marcelo M. and Carola Suárez-Orozco. enseignements que l'on peut tirer du Congrès de “Some Conceptual Considerations in the Londres [1896] de la IIe Internationale).” Revue Interdisciplinary Study of Immigrant Children.” des Etudes Slaves 71, no. 3 (1999): 243-262. In Marie-Claire Foblets and C. L. Pang, eds., ––. Review of Poland in the Twentieth Century and Culure, Ethnicity and Migration. Belgium: Acco Poland Between the Wars, by Peter Stachura. Leuven/Leudsen, 1999: 199-221. English Historical Review 115, no. 451 (2000): 498- Suárez-Orozco, Marcelo M. and Doris Sommer. 500. “Becoming Latinos.” DRCLAS Newsletter, David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies, Steedly, Mary. “The State of Culture Theory in the Harvard University. (Spring 2000): 3-5. Anthropology of Southeast Asia.” Annual Review of Anthropology 28, (1999): 431-454. Suárez-Orozco, Marcelo M. “The Global Traffic in Human Organs: Commentary.” Current ––. “Surrogates, Slips and Incidental Intrusions: The Anthropology 41, 2000: 217-218. Tale of Raja Bakaléwat’s Dog.” Anthropology and Humanism, 2000. Szporluk, Roman. Russia, Ukraine, and the Breakup ––. “Virtual Enigma: Why We Can’t Understand of the Soviet Union. Stanford: Hoover Institution Indonesia.” Harvard Asia Quarterly (2000). Press, 2000. Tambiah, Stanley J. “Transnational Movements, Tomz, Michael, Gary King and Jason Wittenberg. Diaspora, and Multiple Modernities.” Daedalus, “Making the Most of Statistical Analyses: Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Improving Interpretation and Presentation.” Sciences 129, no.1 (Winter 2000): 163-194. American Journal of Political Science 44, no. 2 (April 2000): 347-361. Tibi, Basam. “International Morality and Cross- Cultural Bridging.” In Roman Herzog, ed., Tomz, Michael, and Kenneth Scheve. “Electoral Surprise Preventing the Clash of Civilizations. New York: St. and the Midterm loss in U.S. Congressional Martin’s Press, 1999: 107-126. Elections.” British Journal of Political Science 29 (July 1999): 507-521. ––. “The Failed Export of the Iranian Revolution into the Arab World.” In Fredéric Grare, ed., Islamism Tomz, Michael, Jeffry Frieden, and Manuel Pastor eds. and Security, Politacal Islam and the Western Modern Political Economy and Latin America: World. Geneva: Programme for Strategic and Theory and Policy. Boulder: Westview Press, 2000. International Security Studies, 1999: 63-102. Vogel, Ezra F. Is Japan Still Number One? Selangor ––. “From Pan-Arabism to the Community of Arab Darul Ehsan, Malaysia: Pelanduk Publications, States.” In Michale Hudson, ed., Middle East 2000. Dilemma. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999: 92-106. Walt, Stephen. “Two Cheers for Clinton’s Foreign Policy.” Foreign Affairs 79, no. 2 (March/April ––. “Human Rights in Islamic Civilizations and the 2000): 63-79. West.” In Hillary R. Clinton, E. Ihsanoglu and others eds., The West and Islam, Toward a ––. “Rigor or Rigor Mortis?: Rational Choice and Dialogue. Istanbul: Research Center for Islamic Security Studies” and “A Model Disagreement.” History, 1999: 49-62. In Steven Miller and Sean Lynn-Jones, eds., The ––. Kreuzzug und Djihad. Der Islam und die christliche Rational Choice Controversy: Stephen Walt and Welt. Munich: Bertelsmann Press, 1999. His Critics. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2000. ––. “Extremismus und Terrorismus als Mittel des ––. “NATO’s Future (In Theory).” In Pierre Martin and Revolutionsexports: Iran.” In Uwe Backes and Mark Brawley, eds., Allied Force or Forced Allies?: Eckhard Jesse, eds., Yearbook Extremism and NATO in Kosovo. New York: St. Martin’s Press, Democracy. Baden-Baden: Nomos Press, 1999. 2000. ––. “The Cultural Underpinning of Civil Society in ––. “Rush to Failure.” Harvard Magazine 102, no. 5 Islamic Civilization.” The Annals of the European (May/June 2000). Academy of Arts and Sciences 24, no. 10, (1999): ––. “Containing Rogues and Renegades: Coalition 211-226. Strategies for Counter-Proliferation.” In Victor ––. Europa ahne Identität? Das Krise der multikulturellen Utgoff, ed., The Next Nuclear Crisis. Cambridge: Gesellschaft. Revised ed. Munich: MIT Press, 2000. Bertelsmann/Siedler, 2000. Watson, James L. “China's Big Mac Attack.” Foreign ––. Fundamentalismus im Islam. Eine Gejahr für den Affairs 79, no. 3 (May/June 2000): 120-134. Weltfrieden. Darmstadt: Primus Press, 2000. ––. “Food as the Lens: The Past, Present, and Future of ––. “Transplantat ohne Wurzeln. Die Krise des Family Life in China.” In Jun Jing, ed., Feeding Nationalstaats in Ländern der islamischen China's Little Emperors: Food, Children, and Social Zivilisation.” In Dieter S. Lutz, ed., Globalisierung Change. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000: und nationale Souveränität, Festschrift for Prof. W. 199-212. Röhrich. Baden-Baden: Nomos Press, 2000: 319-354. Weiler, Joseph H.H., Bruno Simma, and Markus C. ––.“Frieden im Nahen Osten im Lichte des Zöckler. Kompetenzen und Grundrechte–– Westfälischen Friedens.” In Detlef Kröger, ed., Beschränkungen der Tabakwerbung aus der Sicht des Religionsfriede als Vorausseizung für den Europarechts. Berlin: Dunker & Humblot, 1999. Welfrieden. Osnabrück: Rasch Press, 2000: 17-28. ––. “On Being a Judge—Jethro’s Lesson.” The Green Bag 2, no. 3 (Spring 1999). Toft, Monica.Review ofThe Dynamic of Secession by Viva Ona Bartkus. Political Science Quarterly 115, ––. “Amsterdam and the Quest for Constitutional no. 1 (Spring 2000): 134-135. Democracy.” In David O’Keeffe and Patrick

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 91 Twomey, eds., Legal Issues of the Amsterdam Treaty. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 1999. ––. “'Comitology’ as Revolution—Infranationalism, Constitutionalism and Democracy.” In C. Joerges and E. Vos, eds., EU Committees: Social Regulation, Law and Politics. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 1999. ––. “The First Human Transgression: Fall and Ascent.” Mélanges en homage à Michel Waelbroeck. Brussels: Bruylant, 1999. ––. “A Human Rights Policy for the European Community and Union: The Question of Competences.” In P. Alston, M. Bustelo, and J. Heenan, eds., The EU and Human Rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. Wittenberg, Jason, Gary King and Michael Tomz. “Making the Most of Statistical Analyses: Improving Interpretation and Presentation.” American Journal of Political Science 44, no. 2 (April 2000): 347-361. ADMINISTRATION

1999-2000 Visiting Committee Ira Kukin Chairman of the Board, Apollo Technologies The Visiting Committee met April 6-7 to review the International Corporation activities of the Center. Yukio Matsuyama Sidney R. Knafel Honorary Chairperson, Editorial Board, Asahi Shinbu (Chairman), Principal, SRK Management Co. David E. Moore Frank Boas Chairman and Editorial Director, International Business Attorney at Law Magazine A. Kim Campbell Canadian Consul General of Los Angeles Hassan Nemazee Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Nemazee Phyllis D. Collins Capital Corporation Director, Keswick Management, Inc. William A. Nitze II Gurcharan Das Assistant Administrator for International Activities, Chairman of the Board, Citibank-India U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Michael W. Doyle Pedro J. Pick Edward S. Sanford Professor of Politics and Member of the Supervisory Board, Patria Finance, a.s. International Affairs and Director, Center for International Studies, Princeton University Alan G. Quasha President, Quadrant Management, Inc. Henry E. Fitzgibbons Managing Director, Top Technology Ltd. Emma Rothschild Director, Centre for History and Economics, Donald J. Gogel King’s College Co-President, Clayton, Dubilier & Rice, Inc. Susanne H. Rudolph Helga Haftendorn William Benton Distinguished Service Professor of University Professor, Freie Universität Berlin Political Science, University of Chicago Diego Hidalgo Beth A. Simmons Chairman of the Board, Universidad de Extremadura Associate Professor of Political Science, University of Harold K. Jacobson California at Berkeley Jesse S. Reeves Professor of Political Science and C. Dixon Spangler, Jr. Director, Center for Political Studies, Institute for Social President Emeritus, The University of North Carolina Research, University of Michigan at Charlotte Robert Jervis Albert J. Weatherhead Adlai E. Stevenson Professor of International Relations, President, Weatherhead Industries Institute of War and Peace Studies, Columbia University Celia Weatherhead Karl Kaiser Vice President, Weatherhead Foundation Professor of Political Science, University of Bonn; Director, German Council on Foreign Relations 1999-2000 Executive Committee John A. Kaneb The Executive Committee provides overall policy Chairman, Gulf Oil Corporation guidance to the Center and is a forum for scholarly exchange among its members. Pierre Keller Former Partner, Lombard Odier & Cie Jorge I. Domínguez Director, Weatherhead Center for International Affairs; Robert O. Keohane Harvard College Professor; Clarence Dillon Professor of James B. Duke Professor of Political Science, Duke International Affairs University Graham Allison Yotaro Kobayashi Dillon Professor of Government, Kennedy School of Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, Fuji Xerox Government; Director, Center for Science and Company, Ltd. International Affairs

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 93 Robert H. Bates Nonviolent Sanctions and Cultural Survival, Eaton Professor of the Science of Government Weatherhead Center for International Affairs Steven B. Bloomfield Michael B. McElroy Director, Fellows Program, Weatherhead Center for Gilbert Butler Professor of Environmental Studies International Affairs Joseph S. Nye, Jr. Marc L. Busch Don K. Price Professor of Public Policy; Dean, Kennedy Assistant Professor of Government and of Social School of Government Studies; Director of Graduate Student Programs, Weatherhead Center for International Affairs Susan J. Pharr Edwin O. Reischauer Professor of Japanese Politics; William C. Clark Chair, Department of Government; Director, Program Sidney Harman Professor of International Science, on U.S.-Japan Relations, Weatherhead Center for Public Policy, and Human Development International Affairs John H. Coatsworth Robert D. Putnam Munroe Gutman Professor of Latin American Affairs; Stanfield Professor of International Peace; Director, Director, David Rockefeller Center for Latin American National Workshop on Social Capital Studies Stephen P. Rosen James A. Cooney Beton Michael Kaneb Professor of National Security Executive Director, Weatherhead Center for and Military Affairs; Associate Director (Fall) and International Affairs; Director, McCloy German Director (Spring), John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Scholars Program Studies, Weatherhead Center for International Affairs Richard N. Cooper Jeffrey Sachs Maurits C. Boas Professor of International Economics Galen L. Stone Professor of International Trade; Jeffry Frieden Director, Center for International Development Professor of Government Theda Skocpol Peter A. Hall Victor S. Thomas Professor of Government and Professor of Government Sociology J. Bryan Hehir Anne-Marie Slaughter Professor of the Practice in Religion and Society; Chair, J. Sinclair Armstrong Professor of International, Executive Committee, Harvard Divinity School Foreign, and Comparative Law; Co-Director, Graduate and International Legal Studies Stanley H. Hoffmann Paul and Catherine Buttenwieser University Professor Ezra Vogel Henry Ford II Professor of the Social Sciences; Director, Samuel P. Huntington Albert J. Weatherhead III University Professor; Director, Fairbank Center for East Asian Research John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies (Fall); David B. Yoffie Director, Harvard Academy for International and Area Max and Doris Starr Professor of International Studies, Weatherhead Center for International Affairs Business Administration, Harvard Business School Herbert C. Kelman Richard Clarke Cabot Professor of Social Ethics; 1999-2000 International Advisory Director, Program on International Conflict Analysis and Resolution, Weatherhead Center for International Affairs Committee The International Advisory Committee consists of William C. Kirby distinguished practitioners of international affairs Professor of History; Chair, Department of History drawn from the worlds of business, government, and Charles S. Maier the universities. The Center calls on these individuals Krupp Foundation Professor of European Studies; for advice and support on broad Center initiatives, Director, Minda De Gunzburg Center for European particularly for research contacts and conferences Studies relating to their regions. Lisa Martin Peter Ackerman Professor of Government International Institute for Strategic Studies (United David Maybury-Lewis Kingdom) Professor of Anthropology; Director, Program on Cecil Altmann Jeana Flahive Chairman, All Suites Hotels Ltd. (Switzerland) Program Coordinator, Harvard Academy for International and Area Studies (from February 2000) Hans J. Bär Chairman, Bank Julius Bär and Co., Ltd. (Switzerland) Amanda Flohr Staff Assistant to Professor Kelman; Program Coordinator, Zbigniew Brzezinski Counselor, Center for Strategic and International Program on Nonviolent Sanctions and Cultural Survival Studies (from August 1999) Wenceslao Bunge Elizabeth Hastie President, Fundacion del Hemisferio (Argentina) Staff Assistant, Harvard Academy for International and Area Studies, Canada Seminar, and for Professors James L. Cochrane Cooper and Martin (until March 2000) Senior Vice President and Chief Economist, New York Stock Exchange, Inc. Laura Hercod Administrative Officer Frederick Dulles Partner, McFadden, Pilkington & Ward (United Donna Hicks Kingdom) Deputy Director, Program on International Conflict Analysis and Resolution Nobuyuki Nakahara President, Tonen Corporation (Japan) Tricia Hughes Program Coordinator, Fellows Program Hisashi Owada Permanent Representative of Japan to the United Matthew Johnson Nations Staff Assistant, Administration Antonio H. Ozaeta Jason Lambert Chairman of the Board, Magellan Utilities Staff Assistant, Fellows Program (until August 1999) Development Corporation (Philippines) Ursula Leitzmann Staff Assistant, Program on International Conflict Staff Analysis and Resolution Angela Abbatiello Theodore Macdonald Staff Assistant to the Executive Director (from August Associate Director, Program on Nonviolent Sanctions 1999) and Cultural Survival Steven B. Bloomfield Kenneth Marden Director, Fellows Program; Executive Committee Staff Assistant, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations Douglas Bond Nancy McDonald Associate Director, Program on Nonviolent Sanctions Staff Assistant to Professor Kelman; Program and Cultural Survival Coordinator, Program on Nonviolent Sanctions and Jessica Buskirk Cultural Survival (until August 1999) Staff Assistant Patrick McVay Helen Clayton Financial Officer Staff Assistant, Canada Seminar and for Professors Emily Morris Cooper and Martin (from May 2000) Staff Assistant, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations (until Jim Cooney June 1999) Executive Director Thomas C. Murphy Rosaline deButts Coordinator of Housing and Affiliate Services Program Officer, Administration Emer O’Dwyer Hugh Doherty Staff Assistant, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations (from Staff Assistant, Financial Office August 1999 until June 2000) Carol Edwards Staff Assistant, Olin Institute for Strategic Studies (until Amanda Pearson November 1999) Assistant to the Director (until May 2000); Publications Manager (from May 2000)

ANNUAL REPORT 1999/2000 95 Christopher Perry Network and Systems Administrator (from May 2000) Inga Peterson Program Coordinator, John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies (until August 1999) Clare Putnam Staff Assistant, Student Programs, Fellowships, and South Asia Seminar Diana Rheault Staff Assistant to the Executive Director (until August 1999) Tanya Schreiber Staff Assistant, Fellows Program (from August 1999) Frank Schwartz Associate Director, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations Andrew Sexton Staff Assistant (from June 2000) Pamela Slavsky Publications Manager (until April 2000) Charles Smith Assistant Financial Officer John Stephenson Research Assistant, John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies Ann Townes Program Coordinator, John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies (from September 1999) Jana Van der Veer Program Coordinator, Program on U.S.-Japan Relations Stephen A. van Ness Manager of Information Systems (from July 1999) Yi Wang Network and Systems Administrator (until April 2000) Malcolm D. White Librarian