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Insecta, Psocodea, Psocomorpha) Dany Azar, André Nel, Didier Neraudeau

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Insecta, Psocodea, Psocomorpha) Dany Azar, André Nel, Didier Neraudeau A new cretaceous psocodean family from the Charente-Maritime amber (France) (Insecta, Psocodea, Psocomorpha) Dany Azar, André Nel, Didier Neraudeau To cite this version: Dany Azar, André Nel, Didier Neraudeau. A new cretaceous psocodean family from the Charente- Maritime amber (France) (Insecta, Psocodea, Psocomorpha). Geodiversitas, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris, 2009, 31 (1), pp.117-127. insu-00392801 HAL Id: insu-00392801 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00392801 Submitted on 3 Mar 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. A new Cretaceous psocodean family from the Charente-Maritime amber (France) (Insecta, Psocodea, Psocomorpha) Dany AZAR Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences II, Department of Biology, Fanar-Matn P.O. box 26110217 (Lebanon) [email protected] André NEL Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS UMR 7205, Département Systématique et Évolution, case postale 50, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) [email protected] Didier NÉRAUDEAU Université Rennes I, UMR CNRS 6118 Géosciences, campus de Beaulieu bât. 15, 263 avenue du Général Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes cedex (France) [email protected] Azar D., Nel A. & Néraudeau D. 2009. — A new Cretaceous psocodean family from the Charente-Maritime amber (France) (Insecta, Psocodea, Psocomorpha). Geodiversitas 31 (1) : 117-127. ABSTRACT Arcantipsocus courvillei n. gen., n. sp. is described from the Cretaceous amber of KEY WORDS Archingeay (France). It is placed within the suborder Psocomorpha, and in the Insecta, Mesozoic extinct family Arcantipsocidae n. fam. characterized by 14- segmented Psocodea, Psocoptera, antenna; legs with tarsi 3-segmented; forewing setose with evanescent veins; Psocomorpha, pterostigma dark, thickened and setose; M 2-branched; areola postica free; Arcantipsocidae n. fam., amber, nodulus present; hind wing with M bifurcated, without basi-radial cell; claws Cretaceous, with a preapical tooth. A cladistic phylogeny for Psocomorpha is given includ- France, ing the new fossil taxon. Th e discovery of this new taxon demonstrates the new family, new genus, necessity of a deep phylogenetic redefi nition of the currently admitted major new species. subdivisions of this suborder. GEODIVERSITAS • 2009 • 31 (1) © Publications Scientifi ques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. www.geodiversitas.com 117 Azar D. et al. RÉSUMÉ Une nouvelle famille de Psocodae de l’ambre crétacé de Charente-Maritime (France) (Insecta, Psocodea, Psocomorpha). Arcantipsocus courvillei n. gen., n. sp. est décrit de l’ambre crétacé d’Archingeay MOTS CLÉS (France). Il est placé dans le sous-ordre Psocomorpha et dans la famille méso- Insecta, zoïque éteinte Arcantipsocidae n. fam., caractérisée par : antennes avec 14 seg- Psocodea, Psocoptera, ments ; pattes avec trois segments tarsaux ; aile antérieure cétose avec des nervures Psocomorpha, évanescentes ; ptérostigma épais et cétose ; M avec deux branches ; areola postica Arcantipsocidae n. fam., ambre, libre ; nodulus présent ; aile postérieure avec M bifurquée, sans cellule basi-radiale ; Crétacé, griff es avec une dent préapicale. Une analyse phylogénétique cladistique pour France, les Psocomorpha est donnée en incluant notre taxon fossile. La découverte de ce famille nouvelle, genre nouveau, nouveau taxon démontre la nécessité d’une redéfi nition phylogénétique profonde espèce nouvelle. des subdivisions majeures actuellement admises au sein de ce sous-ordre. INTRODUCTION Recently two new taxa of Psocodea from the Charente-Maritime (Archingeay) French amber Recent cladistic analyses reveal the paraphyletic have been studied by Perrichot et al. (2003). nature of several orders of insects. Th e most sig- We describe herein Arcantipsocus courvillei n. gen., nifi cant being the lice (order Phthiraptera), which n. sp., from the Archingeay Cretaceous amber of is now included within the Psocoptera to form France. It is placed into the suborder Psocomorpha, the order Psocodea (Yoshizawa & Johnson 2003a, and in the Cretaceous extinct family Arcantipso- b, 2006; Johnson et al. 2004; Grimaldi & Engel cidae n. fam. 2005, 2006a). Th e Psocodea is a relatively small order with ABBREVIATIONS about 10 000 valid extant species. Th eir earliest Cu cubital vein; record is from the Permian of Kansas (USA), Com- M median vein; mx1-4 fi rst to fourth maxillary palpomere; monwealth of Independent States (C.I.S.) and R radial vein; New South Wales (Australia) (Carpenter 1992); Rs radial sector. although Mockford (1993: 2) considered that the earliest unquestionable fossil psocids known are from Cretaceous amber. If the pre-Late Jurassic SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY fossils are currently considered as representatives of the paraneopteran stem group, but resembling We follow in part the catalogue of Lienhard & Psocoptera, Huang et al. (2008) demonstrated Smithers (2002), and the works of Smithers (1972, that the Middle Jurassic Chinese Archipsyllidae 1990) and Mockford (1993) as essential tools for Handlirsch, 1906 are Psocodea. Amber Cretaceous the systematic of the order. We follow the nomen- Psocodea are recorded from Lebanon (Azar 2000; clature of wing venation and body structures of Poinar & Milki 2001; Perrichot et al. 2003; Azar & Smithers (1972), and Lienhard (1998). Th e fossil Nel 2004; Grimaldi & Engel 2006b), France (Per- was carefully prepared in Canada balsam medium, richot et al. 2003), Canada (Spahr 1992), Siberia following the method described by Azar et al. (Taymir Peninsula) (Vishnyakova 1975), USA (2003), in order to observe as many characters as (New Jersey) (Gelhaus & Johnson 1996), Spain possible. Th us the “absences” of structures are ac- (Alava) (Baz & Ortuño 2000, 2001), and Myanmar curate, which is diff erent of structures that are “not (Cockerell 1916, 1919). visible” but may be present. 118 GEODIVERSITAS • 2009 • 31 (1) New Psocodea (Insecta) from Cretaceous French amber FIG. 1. — Photograph of Arcantipsocus courvillei n. gen., n. sp., FIG. 2. — Photograph of Arcantipsocus courvillei n. gen., n. sp., holotype no. ARC 10.2, male, dorsal view. holotype no. ARC 10.2, male, ventral view. Suborder PSOCOMORPHA Roesler, 1944 ETYMOLOGY. — After “Arcanti” from “Arcantiatum” old name of Archingeay and “psocus”; gender masculine. Family ARCANTIPSOCIDAE n. fam. DIAGNOSIS. — In addition to the family diagnosis: anten nal fl agellomeres decreasing progressively in length TYPE GENUS. — Arcantipsocus n. gen. by present des- forwards apex. Lacinia with two shoulders each made ignation. of two smooth teeth, the fi rst being in the inner middle of visible part of lacinia and the second situated slightly DIAGNOSIS. — Antenna with 12 fi liform fl agellomeres. La- before the tip. Maxillary palpus 4-segmented, with mx4 cinia present. Legs with tarsi 3-segmented, distal segment the longest and cylindrical. Forewing patterned. Most of tarsi bearing claws with one preapical tooth. Forewing veins evanescent except in their terminal parts. Paraproct membrane setose, veins basally evanescent; pterostigma with bilobed process. thickened and setose; M 2-branched; areola postica free; nodulus present. Hind wing with M bifurcate, without basi-radial cell. Paraproct with lobed process. Arcantipsocus courvillei n. sp. (Figs 1-10) Genus Arcantipsocus n. gen. MATERIAL. — Holotype specimen no. ARC 10.2 (male), TYPE SPECIES. — Arcantipsocus courvillei n. gen., n. sp. deposited in the palaeontology collections of the Muséum by present designation. national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. GEODIVERSITAS • 2009 • 31 (1) 119 Azar D. et al. FIG. 3. — Drawing of the habitus of Arcantipsocus courvillei n. gen., n. sp., holotype no. ARC 10.2, male, dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 mm. (Fig. 4), with mx4 the longest and cylindrical; mx1 0.04 mm long and 0.03 mm wide; mx2 0.15 mm long and 0.03 mm wide; mx3 0.05 mm long and 0.03 mm wide; mx4 0.18 mm long and 0.03 mm FIG. 4. — Drawing of the maxillary palpus of Arcantipsocus courvillei wide. Labial palpus not visible. Visible part of lac- n. gen., n. sp., holotype no. ARC 10.2, male. Scale bar: 0.1 mm. inia 0.09 mm long (Figs 5; 6), with two shoulders made of two smooth teeth each, the fi rst being in TYPE LOCALITY AND HORIZON. — Archingeay-Les the inner middle and the second situated slightly Nouil lers, Charente-Maritime, France; Lower Creta- before the tip, the apex formed of two smooth teeth, ceous, uppermost Albian. one of them being very small. Th orax 0.58 mm wide; mesothorax nearly tri- ETYMOLOGY. — After Dr Philippe Courville, palaeon- tologist who helped us in collecting fossil insects in angular. this amber. Legs with tarsi 3-segmented, distal segment bear- ing claws with one preapical tooth (Fig. 7). DIAGNOSIS. — As for the genus. Forewing patterned and setose, 1.97 mm long and 0.57 mm wide (Fig. 3). Marginal setae crossing. DESCRIPTION Two rows of setae on veins. Apex slightly acuminate. Total body length 2.11 mm (Figs 1-3). Head nearly Most veins evanescent except in their terminal parts. triangular. Antenna with 14 segments (12 fl agel- Pterostigma dark, thickened and setose, convex lomeres) 2.42 mm long, fl agellomeres fi liform, and not connected to Rs by a cross-vein. Sc diff use elongate, and decreasing progressively in length. and evanescent. R1 simple reaching costal margin Th e fi rst fl agellomere being the longest 0.3 mm in at 1.55 mm from wing base. Rs evanescent and length, the shortest the last one 0.1 mm. Pedicel hardly visible; fork of R2 + 3 and R4 + 5 1.41 mm and scape nearly cylindrical, respectively 0.11 and distal of wing base; R2 + 3 and R4 + 5 strongly 0.1 mm in length, and 0.05 and 0.03 mm wide. curved; reaching wing margin respectively at 1.7 Compound eyes nearly rounded with 0.22 mm of and 1.88 mm from wing base.
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