State and Development of Nuclear Power Utilization in Germany 2013
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State and Development of Nuclear Power Utilization in the Federal Republic of Germany 2013 Department of Nuclear Safety Ines Bredberg Johann Hutter Kerstin Kühn Katarzyna Niedzwiedz Frank Philippczyk Julia Dose BfS-SK-24/14 Bitte beziehen Sie sich beim Zitieren dieses Dokuments immer auf folgende URN: urn:nbn:de:0221-2014102711847 Zur Beachtung: BfS-Berichte und BfS-Schriften können von den Internetseiten des Bundesamtes für Strahlenschutz unter http://www.bfs.de kostenlos als Volltexte heruntergeladen werden. Salzgitter, November 2014 State and Development of Nuclear Power Utilization in the Federal Republic of Germany 2013 Department of Nuclear Safety Ines Bredberg Johann Hutter Kerstin Kühn Katarzyna Niedzwiedz Frank Philippczyk Julia Dose CONTENTS SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... 5 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................................................................. 6 ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM NUCLEAR ENERGY IN GERMANY .......... 10 1.1 General ............................................................................................................................................... 10 1.2 Phase-out of electricity production from nuclear energy ............................................................. 12 1.2.1 Consequences of the reactor accident in Fukushima ......................................................................... 12 1.2.2 Current nuclear legislation .................................................................................................................. 12 1.2.3 Electricity volumes generated by nuclear power plants in Germany .................................................. 12 NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN GERMANY ......................................................... 16 2.1 Nuclear power plants in operation .................................................................................................. 17 2.1.1 Availabilities and reportable events .................................................................................................... 17 2.1.2 Plant and licensing status of the nuclear power plants ....................................................................... 17 2.2 Nuclear power plants finally shut down ......................................................................................... 18 2.3 Nuclear power plants under decommissioning ............................................................................. 20 2.4 Nuclear power plants decommissioned and released from regulatory control ......................... 25 2.5 Stopped nuclear power plant projects ........................................................................................... 25 RESEARCH REACTORS ....................................................................................... 26 3.1 Research reactors in operation ....................................................................................................... 26 3.2 Research reactors finally shut down .............................................................................................. 27 3.3 Research reactors under decommissioning .................................................................................. 29 3.4 Research Reactors decommissioned and released from regulatory Control ............................ 31 PLANTS OF NUCLEAR FUEL SUPPLY AND WASTE MANAGEMENT .............. 33 4.1 Uranium enrichment plants ............................................................................................................. 33 4.2 Fuel element fabrication plants ....................................................................................................... 33 4.3 Storage of spent fuel elements in central and decentralised interim storage facilities ............ 35 4.3.1 Storage of spent fuel elements in the nuclear power plants ............................................................... 35 4.3.2 Decentralised interim storage facilities ............................................................................................... 35 3 4.3.3 Central Interim Storage Facilities ........................................................................................................ 38 4.4 Interim storage of radioactive waste and nuclear fuels ................................................................ 40 4.4.1 Interim storage of radioactive waste ................................................................................................... 40 4.4.2 Government custody of nuclear fuels ................................................................................................. 40 4.5 Reprocessing of nuclear fuels ........................................................................................................ 40 4.6 Conditioning of fuel elements for direct disposal ......................................................................... 42 4.7 Disposal ............................................................................................................................................. 43 4.7.1 Responsibilities regarding disposal .................................................................................................... 43 4.7.2 Repository and Decommissioning Projects ........................................................................................ 44 Annexes - Survey ........................................................................................................................................... 51 Annex I – Nuclear power plants ................................................................................................................... 52 Annex II – Research reactors ....................................................................................................................... 64 Annex III – Plants of nuclear fuel supply and waste management ........................................................... 73 4 SUMMARY This report describes the use of nuclear energy in the Federal Republic of Germany as of 31 December 2013. It contains the essential data of all nuclear power plants, research reactors and the facilities of the nuclear fuel cycle. At the reporting moment 31st of December in 2013, nine nuclear power plants were still in operation. The power generation from nuclear energy in 2013 amounted to 97.3 TWh (2012: 99.5 TWh). It is a share of 15.4 % of the total gross electricity production (2012: 15.8 %).1 The report summarises the essential operational results of the nuclear power plants and information on granted licences. A short description of the present state of the nuclear power plants that have been shut down or decommissioned and of the stopped projects is given. Concerning research reactors essential data on type, characteristics (thermal power, thermal neutron flux) and purpose of the facility are represented. Furthermore, an overview of the licensing and operation history and the present state of the operating condition is given. For the facilities of the nuclear fuel cycle data on purpose and capacity, the licensing history and the present state of operation and licensing are given. The current status of repository projects (ERAM and Konrad), Asse mine and the Gorleben site is presented. To give a survey, the data is summarised in tabular form in the report Annexes. The report will be updated and published once a year. Due to the government reshuffle and the changed portfolio of some federal ministries, the former Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) was renamed to Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) on 17 December 2013. 1 Primilary estimated values as of February 2014, source BDEW 5 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ADIBKA Burn-up measurement of differential fuel elements with critical assembly AGEB Energy Balances Working Group AGO Comparison of Options Working Group AKR-2 Training reactor Technische Universität Dresden ANEX Facility for homopolar power experiments ANF (AREVA) Advanced Nuclear Fuels GmbH, French industrial company, main line of business: nuclear technology AtG Atomic Energy Act AtVfV Nuclear Licensing Procedure Ordinance AVR Jülich Experimental NPP BB Brandenburg BBergG Federal Mining Law BDEW German Association of Energy and Water Industries e.V. BE Berlin BER II Berlin Experimental Reactor Unit II BfS Federal Office for Radiation Protection BGR Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources BLG Gorleben Fuel Element Storage Facility BMBF Federal Ministry of Education and Research BMFT Federal Ministry of Research and Technology BMU Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (renamed to BMUB on 17 December 2013) BMUB Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (previously BMU) BNFL British Nuclear Fuels Ltd. Bq Becquerel BVerfG Federal Constitutional Court BVerwG Federal Administrative Court BW Baden-Wurttemberg BWE German Wind Energy Association BWR Boiling water reactor BY Bavaria BZA Ahaus Interim Storage Facility for Spent Fuel Elements CASTOR® Cask for Storage and Transport of Radioactive Material CEA Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CLAB Centrales Interim Storage Facility for Spent Fuel Elements in Sweden COGEMA Compagnie Générale des Matières Nucléaires, AREVA-Group CSD-C High-pressure Compacted Radioactive Waste DBE German Company