Published by the Ukrainian National Association inc., a fraternal non-profit association чг rainian Weekly vol. LVIII No. 42 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, OCTOBER 21,1990 50 cents

UNA fund tops Ukrainian SSR government bows to students' demands S 100,000 MasoMacrJl agreeartroosc шШЙШЙШВШиШЯШШШЯШШШЯШШШШшШШШШШ JERSEY C1TY, N.J. - The U– to resign krainian National Association's Fund for the Rebirth of Ukraine, by Mary Mycio created as a result of a resolution Rukh Press international adopted at the fraternal organiza– tion's recent convention, topped KlEv - in a capitulation to student Si00,000 this week. hunger strikes and massive protests As of October 18, the fund reached over the last two weeks, the prime S 100,426.34 thanks to UNA mem– minister of Ukraine, vitaliy Masol, will bers and others who sent 3,995 resign his post, President Leonid Krav– checks in an effort to help Ukraine. chuk told the Ukrainian Supreme Soviet Donations may be sent to: Ukrai– on October 17. nian National Association Fund for Also, an overwhelming majority of the Rebirth of Ukraine, 30 Montgo– the Parliament resolved to uphold the mery St., Jersey City, N.J. 07302. demands of the students who have been hunger striking in October Revolution

On the beat in Ukraine Nestor institute fosters exchanges -.Mykhatlo Shuliak A scene of students hunger-striking at Kiev's October Revolution Square during with Lviv computer project the first week of October. Square since October 2. tory to ask our parents how they can by Chrystyna N. Lapychak visits between the USSR and the The Supreme Soviet voted to hold a work while we're on strike," said a United States with their non-profit referendum on confidence in the Parlia– young woman carrying a blue and Lviv — Among the dozens of organization, viSA. ment in 1991 and multi-party elections yellow Ukrainian flag and wearing the events that drew Ukrainians from During an interview with Mrs. if the results of the vote demand it, to white lab coat of the medical institute Ukraine and the diaspora together Horodysky on the last day of formal pass laws on voluntary military service students. this busy summer was a computer instruction, August 17, this energetic beyond the republic's borders, and to When asked why they were demon– course, organized by the Nestor Ukrainian American described why create a commission on nationalization strating, the leader of the march said, institute in the western Ukrainian and how the couple founded the of Communist Party property. "Because of the hunger strikers. Be– city of Lviv, this August. Nestor institute and launched the cause there's nothing in the stores. And Other student demands were met For two weeks between August 6 computer project. because we don't want to be sent out of earlier this week when the Parliament and 17,43 enthusiastic students of all "Nestor institute was formed over Ukraine when we serve in the army." voted to abstain from consideration of ages, beginners and professionals a year ago as a result of a trip to Political observers note that the from the Lviv region, received daily Ukraine my husband made," said the new union treaty until the Decla– ration of Sovereignty is implemented. conservative majority in Parliament instruction in the fundamentals of Mrs. Horodysky. had painted itself into a corner since the operating their choice of ІВМ or "He was sitting in the kitchen of The resolutions endorsed the recom– opening of the new session. The stu– Macintosh computers. Dmytro Lapychak's house in Lviv mendations of a special parliamentary dents had threated more radical action The project was the brainchild of watching three nurses, including "Commission of Accord." Established if their demands were not met but the Danylo and Tamara Horodysky, a Mrs. Lapychak, laboriously, pain- October 16 to examine the students' satisfaction of those same demands has Berkeley, Calif., couple well-known fully working on a translation of a demands, the commission was made up now emboldened them. for their work promoting family (Continued on page 4) of five representatives each from the Five somber student representatives conservative Communist majority, the watched the parliamentary session from democratic opposition National Coun– the balcony. When the 314 deputies cil and student representatives. voted in their favor, and congratulated themselves and the students in the The announcement of Mr. Masol's balcony with a standing ovation, the resignation and the Parliament's resolu– representatives simply stood up and left tions came in the midst of the third day the hall. of increasingly massive student strikes and protests at the Ukrainian Supreme For text of striking students' appeal Soviet. to fellow students around the world, see A demonstration of 50,000 on Mon– page 4. day, October 15, was followed by more protests Tuesday and Wednesday after The hunger strike will end, they said. a live television broadcast by the hun– So will the protests, at least until next ger striking students on Monday night Monday. Meanwhile, the tent city had galvanized the previously placid erected by the students on the Khresh– student population in the Ukrainian chatyk was being taken down onThurs– capital. day, October 18. After gathering at the Supreme "if this was an American or French Soviet, the students would break up Parliament, l'd be more confident," said into small groups of several hundreds or Markian lvachyshyn, one of the student Nestor institute students input text of Ukraine's Declaration of State thousands, and march through the city leaders. "But 1 don't trust them. Well be Sovereignty during computer course in Lviv. to schools and factories. watching to see what they do on Mon- "We're going to the Bolshevik Fac– day." 2 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, OCTOBER 21,1990 NO. 42

A.GUMPSE OF SOVIET REALITY News briefs Ал insider's view of Chornobyl: from Ukraine

interview with Yuriy Risovanny ^ KlEv - Oleksander Piskun, a economic proposals. by Dr. David Marples principles were observed, however. And member of the Ukrainian Supreme For more information, the organiza– this whole process falls under the aegis Soviet's Standing Commission on State tion committee of the congress can be PART1 of the Kompleks. Sovereignty and interrepublican Rela– reached in Donetske at 93-21-33,90-12- Another major unit within the tions, stated that, in his view, the 37. (Rukh Press international) Yuriy Risovanny is head of the Ryzhkov and Shatalin plans for econo– Prypiat association is the Radiation Ф TERNOP1L, Ukraine - The local foreign relations bureau in the Monitoring Board, i.e., it monitors the mic reform are inappropriate for so– international department of the Prypiat vereign republics. newspaper Evening Ternopil reported radiation system within the 30-kilo– early this month that the Ternopil City industrial and Research Association, meter zone, and radiation control over The deputy told Radio Kiev-3 on located at Chornobyl. He has been September 20 that the Shatalin propo– Council voted to nationalize all Com– everyone who works in this area. How– munist Party and Komsomol property involved in the cleanup operation for ever, the board's activity has also sals leave too few functions to sove– the past four years. He is the co-author reign states and noted that such limited found within its jurisdiction. changed recently because of the new re– Basing its decision on the Ukrainian (with Aleksander Kovalenko)of"Chor- quirement for radiation specialists power would not permit Ukraine to nobyUKakim Ogo Uvidel Mir," Kiev, carry out its intention to establish its Constitution, the Law on the Economic outside the zone, in Zhytomyr and Kiev independence of Ukraine and its own "Molod," 1989. This interview was oblasts, and in Byelorussia. Possibly own foreign economic relations and conducted in Edmonton, Alberta, on credit system. Ukraine plans to esta– authority, the City Council decided to they are needed also in Rivne Oblast, create a commission that will account September 20. though the situation there is not as bad blish its own national bank. Mr. Piskun added that the Ukrainian forandinventory the property subject to as in the northern regions of Zhytomyr nationalization by January 1, 1991. Can you explain the background and and Kiev. Commission on Economic Reform is current functions of the Prypiat The council also forbid the in addition, there is a further subunit, currently working on its own economic industrial and Research Association? program. (RFE;RL Daily Report) Communist Party and Komsomol from the Board for Capital Construction, selling or transferring the property to The roots of the association lie in the which has already built the new town of anyone from the day its decision was Slavutych and is continuing to build ^ KlEv — The second congress of former Kombinat production associa– the Association of Democratic Soviets adopted. tion, which was established in October new houses there. There are also a huge The decision of the Ternopil City Transportation Department, and a and Democratic Blocs within Ukrai– 1986 to coordinate the work carried out nian Soviets (councils) held in Zhy– Council is the first move to nationalize in the 30-kilometer zone, in January, it health care unit that has been there from Communist Party property in Ukraine. the outset: Medical Unit No. 126. tomyr, Ukraine, has come to a close, acquired a new status when the nature according to a September 24 TASS (Rukh Press international) of its activities was changed. The major Finally there are a number of small report. The delegates — representatives clean-up operation had been com– organizations affiliated with the Prypiat of local councils from some 40 towns ^ K1TSMAN, Ukraine - On Octo– pleted and it was now necessary to association: for the provision of food; and several people's deputies — ap– ber 7, the town council in Kitsman organize more research in the zone. care of communal facilities, etc. All proved the association's charter and voted to raise the national flag above together, 5,200 people work within our regulations and elected a coordinating the council building. This is the first The area has become something of a association. reserve for scholars and researchers to council to be headed by Serhiy Koniev, national flag to be raised in Bukovyna. conduct their experiments. These re- A year ago, there was a significant people's deputy to the USSR. (Rukh Press international) searchers represent the Academies of number of military personnel — several thousand - but almost all of them have Among some of the demands formu– Sciences of both the USSR and lated by the conference were the resig– ^ KlEv-According to an article on Ukraine. All together 21 research insti– now left the zone. They had worked at unemployment in the weekly visti z Chornobyl on a temporary basis and nation of the government of Ukraine, tutes have personnel there, in addition dissolution of the Communist Party Ukrainy, the jobless rate in Ukraine in to temporary workers from almost 100 were used as the main force actually 1989 was 4.4 percent, or 1.3 million undertaking decontamination work. and nationalization of its property, and other institutes. the passing of a law to grant legal status people. "Defitsyt robochykh mists" This huge coordinating task has been Earlier this year, there was a shortage of states that over the past three years, military reservists because the young to Ukraine's declaration of sovereignty, assigned to a new subunit of the Prypiat if its demands are not met, the associa– 561,500 workers were made redundant; industrial and Research Association, men would simply refuse to go to of these, 206, 800 found new jobs; Chornobyl. tion intends to work for the dissolution i.e., the Research and Technical Center, of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian 103,400 retired; and 185,000 remained it is headed by a doctor of sciences, Earlier the situation was straight- SSR. (TASS, RFE;RL Daily Report) unemployed. Evgeniy Senin, who was originally in forward: anyone could be called up. Ternopil, ivano-Frankivske, and Leningrad. However, this year matters became ^ KlEv - The Ail-Union Congress Kiev were cited as having particularly more complicated. As soon as the men in addition to organizing this of Coal Miners will be held in Donetske depressed job markets, with Kirovo– learned that they were to be sent to from October 22 through 28. Soviet hrad registering 535 applicants for research work, we are in the process of Chornobyl, they refused. Today people establishing an international research President Mikhail Gorbachev is expect– every 444 jobs. The weekly also noted raise their voices when they believe that ed to attend. that the problem is likely to worsen due center, located in the shift settlement of something is unjust. The wives of the Zelenyi Mys. in fact, this international Also in the Donbas, there is a move– to the expected release of thousands of reservists also exerted pressure on them; military officers from active duty. center will be a part of the Research and there was a public outcry. ment towards a referendum on seces– Technical Center. sion of the region from Ukraine. Al– (RFE;RL Daily Report) Eventually, the military hierarchy though the leaders of the movement made a decision to cease sending troops So it is actually within the jurisdiction wish to exploit the strike committees, ф KlEv - The Presidium of the to Chornobyl. So there was a shortage the miners'leaders say that constructive Ukrainian Supreme Soviet, in response of the Prypiat industrial and Research of personnel. For example, there was a Association? discussions will take place only if to one-sided price hikes by other re- dearth of drivers among the reservists. deputies of the USSR and Ukraine, publics, has issued a decree prohibiting Yes. І began with the Research and including the democratic National the export of agricultural products Technical Center because it is a uniform When the soldiers were there, what Council, arrive with well-founded (Continued on page 13) body, and it has changed the entire was their salary relative to the rest of the direction of work today. However, al– population and what was the maximum though the clean-up campaign is almost radiation limit for them; was it five over, this does not mean that the pro– rems, 35 rems? FOUNDED 1933 blem of handling radioactive materials The 35 rem limit is another matter Ukrainian Weekh no longer exists. An English-language Ukrainian newspaper published by the Ukrainian National The unit that was part of Kombinat entirely, because it relates to the life- time dose for people. The maximum Association inc., a non-profit association, at 30 Montgomery St., Jersey City, N.J. and still exists is the Special Enterprise 07302. Kompleks, which was responsible for doses for the reservists were the same as carrying out decontamination, its new for personnel working in any nuclear facility, such as nuclear power plants Second-class postage paid at Jersey City, N.J. 07302. responsibility is the correct handling of ^^^^^^(1SSN - 0273-9348)^^^^^^ the dumping of radioactive waste into and the work at Chornobyl itself, i.e., five rems per year.1 Their salary is the repositories inside the zone. Back in Yearly subscription rate: 120; for UNA members - S10. double the national average and they 1986 and 1987, when radioactive soil, Also published by the UNA: Svoboda, a Ukrainian-language daily newspaper. materials and goods were collected also receive bonus payments directly from a huge territory, they were taken into their bank accounts. But the problems that arose among them were The Weekly and Svoboda: UNA: to various dumping grounds depending (201) 434-0237, -0807, -3036 (201) 451-2200 on the level of contamination. not really related to their salaries. Currently, there are about 800 such Can you explain the situation of the Postmaster, send address dumps, some of which are long-term changes to: repositories for the waste, while others damaged reactor today and outline the Editor Roma Hadzewycz were constructed hurriedly simply to get plans for the future of the sarcophagus? The Ukrainian Weekly Associate Editors?" Marta Kolomayets (Continued on page 16) P.O. Box 346 Chrystyna Lapychak rid of radioactive materials such as trees Jersey City, N.J. 07303 that were chopped down and soil that was less severely contaminated. These 1. This figure is 10 times higher than The Ukrainian Weekly, October 21, 1990, No. 42, vol. Ulll dumps are located all around the permissable at nuclear plants in the West, Copyright 1990 by The Ukrainian Weekly nuclear power plant. Radiation safety and 100 times higher than that for civilians. No. 42 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, OCTOBER .21,1990 з

U.S. reaction Svoboda staffer Former persona non grata Rudenko Helsinki Commission Raisa Rudenko receives warm welcome in Ukraine on hunger strike JERSEY C1TY, N.J. - Former News from Ukraine. The Moscow- addresses students Ukrainian political prisoner, poet and based Russian-language Literary Ga– Following is the text of a message writer Mykola Rudenko who emigrated zette also printed a lengthy article about sent to the hunger striking students in to the West in 1988 with his wife, Raisa, the former dissident and political Kiev on behalf of the U.S. Helsinki was warmly welcomed upon his return prisoner. Commission by Sen. Dennis DeCon– to Kiev in early September. Even the conservative newspaper cini (D-Ariz.), chairman, and Rep. Stripped of his Soviet citizenship Radianska Ukraina printed a story Steny H. Hoyer (D-Md.), co-chair– soon after his emigration to the United (photograph inclusive) on Mr. Ru– States, Mr. Rudenko was given back his denko, pointing out that Mr. Rudenko Soviet citizenship in August of this year had "experienced persecution during We have recently learned that a and finally granted his long-awaited the times of stagnation," "never fal– group of students are continuing a visa for travel. tered, never compromised in battle with hunger strike in the center of Kiev, Mr. Rudenko arrived on an invita– the totalitarian machine, which mer– the capital of Ukraine, demanding tion from the Writers'Union of Ukraine cilessly and methodically deprived and genuine democratic change and and took part in the "Golden Echo" levelled the Ukrainian people." The political self-determination in U– Poetry Festival organized by poet and newspaper went on to say: "Hunted and kraine. The Helsinki Commission parliamentarian Pavlo Movchan. it was persecuted, the writer was forced to find has followed events in Ukraine close– during this festival, conducted Septem– refuge far from his native land. This was ly and has met with representatives of ber 8-17 in both Kiev and Lviv, that Mr. brutally unjust." the democratic movement in U– Rudenko's name once again appeared in early November, Mr. Rudenko is kraine. The commission will conti– on the pages of Ukraine's newspapers. scheduled to appear at the republican nue its support for the development Although the 71-year-old author had Palace of Culture, Ukraina, for two of democratic processes which reflect not lived in Ukraine for 12 years prior to consecutive evenings. He has also the will of the people of Ukraine. his departure to the West (he had been appeared before audiences on television We are deeply concerned about in the notorious Perm camp and later and has held a literary evening at the reports that some students are con– exiled to the Gorno-Altayskaya auto– Zankovetska Therater in Lviv. sidering taking measures which nomous region), and his works were not During almost every interview, Mr. would place their lives in jeopardy. Raisa Rudenko, a former Soviet published in the Soviet press for almost Rudenko was asked if he planned to While we understand the frustrations political prisoner who is now a three decades, reported Svoboda, the return to Ukraine. He stated that after of individuals seeking to establish member of the Svoboda editorial Ukrainian language daily, Mr. Ru– their return from exile, the Rudenkos genuine democratic reforms in U– staff, proclaimed a 10-day hunger denko was not forgotten by the people could not find an apartment in Ukraine. kraine, we believe the building of strike in solidarity with students of Ukraine. He did express his wish to resettle in democracy in Ukraine can proceed gathered in Kiev. Above she wears a Upon his arrival in Kiev, he was Ukraine, but as Svoboda, the Ukrai– effectively in a peaceful manner sign stating (in Ukrainian): І am on a greeted at the poetry festival with nian-language daily reported, such a without the loss of life. 10-day hunger strike beginning on ovations; many newspapers, among desire will depend on the republic's October 11 to demonstrate solida– them Literaturna Ukraina, vechirniy government. rity with participants of the hunger Kyiv, Molod Ukrainy and Za vilnu Mr. Rudenko has a visa through Michigan senator strike in Kiev. Ukrainu and the English-language January 1991. appeals to Gorbachev Following is the text of an appeal Prykhodko espouses revolutionary route to Ukraine's independence addressed to Soviet President Mi– by Roma Hadzewycz The interparty Assembly, of which he create a foreign representation in the khail Gorbachev regarding the student is a leading activist, has adopted General Assembly. We need to bring hunger strike in Kiev, it was sent by JERSEY C1TY. N.J. - Hryhoriy the ideological platform of the Ukraine out of its economic crisis; Sen. Donald W. RiegleJr. (D-Mich.) Prykhodko, head of the Ukrainian Organization of Ukrainian Nationa– we must search for credits, technology; National Party and a leading member of lists. The assembly does not recognize we must sent experts to Ukraine and Dear Mr. President: the Ukrainian interparty Assembly, Soviet rule in Ukraine and considers expand business in Ukraine." it has come to my attention that recently visited the United States as a Ukraine to be occupied territory. The Below, Mr. Prykhodko speaks on the approximately 100 students are representative of the assembly's Na– organization's goal is the re-establish– Ukrainian National Party, the inter- currently engaged in a hunger strike tional Council on the Rebirth of U– ment of the Ukrainian National Re- party Assembly and assistance for U– at the Supreme Soviet building in kr,aine's Statehood. public that existed in 1917-1920, and it kraine. Kyiv in an attempt to press several During his stay in the West from late has proclaimed that it is pursuing a demands relating to Ukrainian eco– June to mid–September, Mr. Prykhodko revolutionary path to the establishment nomic and political self-determina– met with Ukrainian community leaders of a Ukrainian state. tion. І would like to express my What is the program of the Ukrainian and the news media, and spoke at public The interparty Assembly held its first National Party? concern about the fate of these meetings about developments in U– session on July 1. Present were dele- demonstrators and to encourage kraine and the goals of the interparty gates of four political parties: the The program of our party is state- your utmost restraint as the Soviet Assembly. He also stopped by the Ukrainian National Party, the Ukrai– Union deals with the situation. hood-oriented and its ultimate goal is editorial offices of Svoboda and The nian National–Democratic Party, the the re-establishment of the Ukrainian І have closely followed recent Ukrainian Weekly in order to share his Ukrainian Peasants Democratic Party National Republic. Our program is views with those newspapers' readers. events in Ukraine, particularly de– and the underground Republican Party limited to the rebirth of statehood; it monstrations which occurred on Mr. Prykhodko was born December of Ukraine (which is not to be confused with the Ukrainian Republican Party). does not touch on social, religious, September 30 and October 1, 1990, 20, 1937, in eastern Ukraine. He worked (Continued on page 11) and am concerned about reports of as an electrical engineer in Kaluga, Seventeen organizations, including two harassment and intimidation of Russian SFSR, and according to re- trade unions, sent representatives to the demonstrators by Soviet authorities. ports from those years was not a session; 22 others, such as the Ukrai– These reports, if true, would repre– nationally conscious Ukrainian and nian Republican Party, sent observers. sent a regrettable and shortsighted spoke the language poorly. Though he arrived in the U.S. on a return to "old-thinking" by your in 1973 he was arrested and charged private invitation, Mr. Prykhodko said government, which has undergone with "anti-Soviet agitation and propa– that he was in this country with a such profound and positive changes ganda," then spent five years in Perm mandate from the assembly's directive over the past year. labor camps, in 1980 he was again organ, the National Council, to inform arrested for "anti– Soviet" activity, and the diaspora and the American press Furthermore, 1 am troubled by the served a term of imprisonment and exile about the assembly's work, and to possibility of an outbreak of violence in 1980-1988. attempt to unite the two government due to these heightened tensions in it was in the camps that Mr. Pry– centers (i.e. governments in exile) that Kyiv. Such a development would khodko learned the Ukrainian language exist in the Ukrainian diaspora. represent a deterioration of an al– and formed his national convictions, in "inasmuch as state-building pro- ready explosive situation in Ukraine 1975, in a letter from camp he wrote: and would have a negative impact on cesses have begun in Ukraine, it is "Because of the developments of the unnecessary to have two government the improving U.S.-Soviet relation- past several years, my personal fate is ship. centers, "he said, "in the diaspora for 40 the same as that of my fatherland, years there has, in effect, been a civil 1, therefore, strongly urge that Ukraine. For that reason, whileprotest– your government begin a direct war, and this split in the diaspora has ing against the anti– Ukrainian policies been reflected in Ukraine. We are now dialogue with the protesters in an of the Soviet Union, 1 also renounce my effort to reduce the tensions in Kyiv trying to overcome it." Soviet citizenship and ask to be consi– "We strive to unite the government and to lead to an ultimate realization dered a Ukrainian nationalist." of the Ukrainian people's legitimate centers so that they could lay the Today, he lives in Lviv and is among groundwork for diplomatic contacts for desire for national self-determina– ІШЙГШотауеІІ tion. the most radical of Ukraine's nationa– an independent Ukraine," he stated. lists. "This united government center should Hryhoriy Prykhodko 4 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, OCTOBER 21,1990 No. 42

brand new computers, including five Nestor institute... Macintosh and six ІВМ systems. - (Continued from page 1) Among those who helped in trans- . lhedical text from Polish into Ukrai– porting the systems was Swissair, nian, which they were then going to which provided free air cargo space handcopy to distribute to various all the way to Budapest. medical clinics. My husband said: The computers were set up in two These people need a computer.' " large rooms in the Cultural Center. With this conclusion in mind, the "We had very eager groups of stu– Horodyskys invited Mr. Lapychak, a dents, two groups of beginners di– retired engineer visiting family in the vided into the 'Macintosh room'and United States in the summer of 1989, the 'ІВМ room.'The beginners were to California and made concrete mostly students from institutes, plans to form a non-profit organiza– computer majors, engineering ma– tion to promote and support ex- jors. Two of these were of high school changes with Ukraine, based in age." Berkeley and Lviv. One of the requirements for the Nestor institute's first project was students, who were provided the a computer course for students training at no cost, was some know- interested in studying computers as ledge of English in order to read the well as professional programmers, menus. individually recommended by the "There was also a group of pro– Lviv branch of the Popular Move– grammers, who work professionally ment of Ukraine, or Rukh. as programmers and were simply As a result of an advertising cam– getting additional knowledge. One of paign within the Ukrainian commu– the things that was taught was the nity and its press, contributions Microsoft Windows 3L, which is a started pouring in to fund computers very new program. One of our in– Students work in the 'ІВМ room.' structors, Ted Lechman from Buf– and software for the course, while chairman, respectively, of the Lviv ques in dentistry and dental hygiene. falo, N. Y., brought something called individuals called the couple with Oblast Council, the school will They are also willing to take interns the Windows Tool Box and he was suggestions about other exchanges provide four rooms, including a large for a month or two," she cited as an showing the programmers how you and volunteered for either the course lecture hall for Nestor, in return the example. can create your own fonts and so on," or future projects. school's teachers will have free access "We have a Ukrainian family in said Mrs. Horodysky. "Our phone rang off the hook for to the computer courses and compu– Salem, Oregon, who run a profes– Altogether there were nine instruc– quite a while there. While we were ters. sional video studio and have started tors, who volunteered their time and stressing that we were doing more arrangements to bring one or two expertise for Nestor institute's com– Two of the five Macintosh com– than the computer course — the people, preferably one from the Lviv puter course in Lviv. puters used during the two-week computer project just happened to be region and one from the Kiev region "Among our instructors were course were donated by Nestor insti– the first thing that worked out for to get training in professional video people who were partially represent– tute: one went to Mr. Hel's office to us," said Mrs. Horodysky. techniques, including one week in an ing their companies, who were inte– keep track of constituent complaints, "We had some amazing contribu– advertising agency, one week at a rested in exploring business oppor– while the other was donated to tions. The very first check that came local television news room, one week tunities in Ukraine. Even though we Rukh's Department of Foreign Con- was to fund an entire computer from at a cable television station, one week are a non-profit organization, tacts in Kiev. One of the six ІВМ a family in Arkansas. Sight unseen — at a community college television our goal is, through exchanges, computers was donated to Rukh's at that point there were no articles in studio and then two weeks with to help the economic recovery of Ternopil branch. any paper yet — just an advertise– them." They are now looking for Ukraine. So that we were certainly ment. Good people from Arkansas "Nestor institute's goal is to facili– recruits from Ukraine who speak very glad to have these people along sent us Si,500. tate any sort of exchanges that can English and have some ТУ and video because they had a chance to conduct "We had one gentleman from Los help. They can be in the area of experience.' some exploratory conversations at Angeles who bought two computers economics, engineering, water, With its new lecture facilities, out-right. Another man, also from the oblast council with (vyacheslav) transportation and communications. Chornovil and his assistants, and Nestor institute will be able to host Los Angeles, sent us S2,500 for a Any Ukrainian American,anyone seminars on any topic. Lviv residents computer for Kiev Rukh. We even with the mayor about possibilities for who has an interest, who can orga– joint ventures or other help." have requested seminars on dental had people from Canada send dona– nize a group to come here and and medical training, agronomy, the tions. Basically we received dona– Among these were Mr. Lechman, consult, to give lessons, are certainly environment, the media and English- tions from Boston to Los Angeles," who works for Emerson Electric in welcome to volunteer their time," language training, said Mrs. Ho– she said. the Buffalo area, Greg Buniak from stressed Mrs. Horodysky. rodysky. During the interview Mrs. Ho– Colgate-Palmolive in northern New "1 have lined up two dentist bro– "We still need volunteers and rodysky described how the course Jersey, Alex Bilynsky from the U.S. thers from California who are inte– money to pay the travel expenses of itself looked during its two-week run Department of Commerce in Wash– rested in coming to Ukraine and volunteers going to Ukraine," she in Lviv's new Social-Political-Cul– ington, and Adam Hromiak, who giving a course in the latest techni– said. tural Center, formerly the Lenin works for a water-distribution com– Museum, on the city's central pany in Los Angeles. thoroughfare, Lenin Prospekt. Nestor institute has found a per– For the record "We had three different groups manent and secure home for eight and they met at three different times. computers in a vocational school in We shuttled people in an out to get Lviv, where instruction will continue Appeal to students of the world the most use out of the computers as both local and foreign instuctors and the space,"said Mrs. Horodysky. volunteer to help throughout the Following is the full text of an appeal to students of the world issued by the "We had many adventures in get- year. With the help of Mr. Chornovil hunger striking students in Kiev on October 13 in English translation ting here," she said, especially with 11 and ivan Неї, the chairman and vice- prepared by The Ukrainian Weekly. Now or never! We, students of Ukraine, having proclaimed a political hunger strike, have entered an open battle for the freedom and good fortune of our suffering Mother Ukraine. What do we want? We want to be the master of our lives — today and tomorrow. We want to know about our tragic and proud past. We want the Chornobyl tragedy of Ukraine to never be repeated anywhere. But the path to freedom of Ukraine always was thorny and bloody. We know this, and we will not stray from this path. We are ready to pay for our holy dream — the independence and freedom of Ukraine — with the only thing of which we have not yet been deprived: our lives. Dear brothers and sisters of the student world: Today, on the 12th day of our political hunger strike, we call on you, student brethren throughout the world, to express solidarity with us. Let us unite! Glory to Ukraine!

October 13, 1990 Kiev, Ukraine

(Signed by 152 hunger striking students.) No. 42 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, OCTOBER 21,1990 5 тммітттштштшлтіїтитшюттт Growing for Our Centennial Young UNA'ers by George W. Drance Director of Marketing Remember that Sl,OOO policy? Do you remember when you bought the price of one important item in our your first 51,000 UNA life insurance budget has actually gone down: the cost policy? Do you remember why you of a UNA life insurance policy. Not only bought it (or why it was bought for had the price per thousand gone down you)? Do you remember what you by almost 50 percent in absolute dollars expected that Si,000 policy to do for since 1960 but in terms of your percent you? Do you remember what you paid earning power (your real cost) it is even for it (or are still paying)? Do you cheaper! remember what your earnings were at While a 30-year old had to set aside the time? What does Si,000 mean to you one full day's pay per year for a Si,000 today, compared to then? policy in 1960, you can now buy a This little stroll down memory lane is S 10,000 policy with less than your an attempt to get us all to reflect on the present day's pay. Hard to believe? it's unfair burden we are placing on our Deidre Lorene Golej, 9, is the newest true. A 30-year-old can now buy a juvenile member of UNA Branch 183. Si,000 UNA policies. When we ask Si 0,000 UNA Whole Life policy for only those policies to perform in today's She is the daughter of James W. Golej S105.70 per year. That's S10.57 per of Houston, Texas, and was enrolled by Eric Lawrence Siuta, son of Andrea and economy we hear expressions of dis– thousand per year. appointment on "how little it is" when it her grandfather, Peter Golej. Thaddeus Siuta, was enrolled into UNA matures or is surrendered or is paid as a But don't take my word for it: ask Branch 171 by his grandmother Elaine death claim. But it's not the fault of the yourself. What is your present earning Fedorowich. His grandfather is policyholder. level? Transpose that into a daily Raymond Fedorowich. if you bought a Si,000 policy in earnings rate. Compare that with what 1960, from any insurance company, you earned (or what your father or that S 1,000 face value (not the cost or grandfather earned) in 1960. How does cash value) represented two months' it compare? if your father or grand- earnings, or a year's tuition at a local father dedicated one day's pay a year for college. The average wage of working a simple burial policy in 1960, can't you people was around S7,000 a year and do as much today? This is over and you could buy a comfortable house for above your present group insurance S20,000. A dignified funeral would cost (which ends when your job ends) and less than Si,000, with something left any other policy you may own. over to pay other bills. Speak to your local UNA branch if you were 30 years old in 1960, the secretary and find out how inexpensive premium for Si,000 Whole Life with it is today, regardless of your age (up to UNA (or any good quality life insurance age 70) to provide at least a S 10,000 company)cost S21 a year. That meant "dignity fund" for your final expenses. setting aside almost a full day's wages to After all, that's why you bought that pay for that Si,000 policy for a full year Si,000 policy in the first place isn't it? for your family's benefit. Back in 1960, Look in the table below to see how most people bought a Si,000 policy as a inexpensive it is to buy some peace of Zenon Robert Mural, son of Robert "burial fund" and had more insurance mind and at least that much dignity for and Christine Mural, is just over 1 year for other family obligations such as yourself and your family. And you don't old and is the youngest new member of Michele Lynn Schrantz of Allentown, providing education funds for children, have to die to win. if you keep your UNA Branch 102 in Cleveland. He was Pa., is the youngest member of UNA paying off the mortgage, providing an "dignity fund" intact for at least 10 enrolled by his grandparents, Petro and Branch 147. She was enrolled by Anna income to help their orphaned children years, you or your family will always Olga Bajko. His other proud grand- Segan, who is the godmother of her for basic needs. That was in 1960. (Continued on page 13) parents are William and Helen Mural. mother, Anita Schrantz. needs. That was in 1960. What about today? Your average income is four times or fivetime s what it UNA sponsors courses for Ukrainian studies teachers was in 1960. A college degree costs 10 times more now than it did then. What's the price of a modest house today compared to 30 years ago? We are all aware of how the cost of living has gone up and up during the past decades, in most cases, our income has kept pace, too. But even the cost of dying has sky- rocketed. While that Si,000 policy would have covered funeral expenses and a little over in 1960, today's funeral costs have kept pace with the overall cost of living, too. According to a recent survey, the cost of a typical traditional funeral today approaches S10,000. That's the bad news. The good news is that while every– thing else around us costs more today than it did 30 or 20 or even 10 years ago Nostra culpa in a photo caption in last week's Weekly, St. Nicholas School in Passaic was mistakenly referred to as a school of Ukrainian studies, it is, as noted in the story, a Ukrainian Catholic parochial school. The Ukrainian National Association sponsored peda– terature, history and culture, with a special focus on the gogical courses for teachers of schools of Ukrainian 20th century. The courses took place daily from 9 a.m. to studies organized by the Educational Council. The noon, and 4-6 p.m. The director of the courses was Dr. courses were held at the UNA resort, Soyuzivka, July 30 Eugene Fedorenko and instructors included Prof. Paul through August 11, with participants from the United Maliar, Dr. George Gajecky, Dr. lhor Huryn, S!ava Join the UNA States and Canada, and, for the first time, Ukraine. The Gerulak, Dr. Wolodymyr Trembicky and Stefania two-week-long seminar encompassed language, li– Hnatenko. THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, OCTOBER 21,1990 fNo. 42

Solzhenitsyn's manifesto Ukrainian Weekly A word to Ukrainians, Byelorussians; Panning Pan-Slavism and a response from a Kiev writer in the past five years, Soviet President Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev has made few statements that have met with the approval of Ukrainian Alexander Solzhenitsyn's 16,000- writer says he addresses these nations nationalists. word manifesto "How Are We to "not as an outsider, but as one of their However, his recent rejection of Alexander Solzhenitsyn's 16,000-word, 15- Structure Russia: A Modest Contribu– own," and suggests the creation of a page essay titled "How to Revitalize Russia,"has shown that the Soviet leader tion," was published in Komsomol– single Slavic state encompassing Rus– at least keeps his unsteady hand on the pulse of the nationalities situation in skaya Pravda and Literaturnaya Ga– sia, Ukraine and Byelorussia. today's crumbling Soviet empire. zeta on September 18, and reprinted in Be lows are published, first, Mr. Unlike Mr. Solzhenitsyn, who has spent 16 years beyond the borders of the the Paris-based Russkaya Mysl on Solzhenitsyn's "A Word to the Ukrai– Soviet Union, Mr. Gorbachev lives in the present and confronts problems of September 21. The essay contained a nians and Byelorussians," and second, the future. The Russian emigre writer, on the other hand, lives in the past and section titled "A Word to the Ukrai– an open letter to the author from Yuriy has demonstrated that he is a Russian chauvinist, wearing the mask of the nians and Byelorussians," in which the Pokalchuk, a Kiev writer. great Slavic unifier. Mr. Gorbachev, in criticizing the exiled Russian author, states that 1 am almost one-half Ukrainian Rus' were the ones who created the "Solzhenitsyn's political views are alien to me as a politician. They are distant myself, and in my early years 1 grew up State of Moscow, in Lithuania and from reality and there are many interpretations unrelated to the situation the surrounded by the sounds of Ukrainian Poland, the Byelorussians and Minor country finds itself in now." speech. І spent the greater part of my Russians perceived themselves as Rus– Mr. Gorbachev says that currently such views as expressed by Mr. years at the front in sorrowful Byelo– sians and fought Polonization and Solzhenitsyn are unacceptable and have a destructive character. "1 cannot russ?a, and 1 have come to painfully love conversion to Catholicism. The return agree at all with Solzhenitsyn's attitude toward other ethnic groups, which is her sad meagerness and her gentle of these lands to Russia was perceived disrespectful, to be put mildly." people. by all at the time as unification. in addressing Mr. Solzhenitsyn's analysis, Mr. Gorbachev has proven to be І address both of these peoples not as indeed, it is painful and shameful to a democrat, who believes that restructuring relations among the republics is a an outsider but as one of their own. "union of sovereign states where every people feels well and realizes its recall the ukases of the time of Alexan– Besides, our people split into three der И (1863, 1876) on banning the potential." Mr. Gorbachev may not be as radical as today's national activists branches only because of the menacing in the Baltic republics, and Ukraine, for example, who strive for full Ukrainian language in journalism, and misfortune of the Mongolian invasion subsequently in literature as well. independence and self-determination, however, he does not subscribe to Mr. and Polish colonization. All this talk of Solzhenitsyn's retrograde view of the future. However, this did not remain in effect a separate Ukrainian people with a for long, and this was one of the insane Putting aside the fact that Mr. Solzhenitsyn errs in his recollection of separate non-Russian language existing history, as he does on a number of occasions in his essay, the Russian master ossifications in both the government almost from the ninth century on is a and church policy which prepared the forgets to address the concerns of the people, the two other nationalities he recently invented falsehood. All of us hopes to clump into one Slavic nation — the Ukrainians and Byelorussians. way for the demise of the Russian state together have roots in precious Kiev system. Although he professes to be almost 50 percent Ukrainian, and has lived in "from whence the Russian land came to Byelorussia, his opinions are clearly not only Russian, but also imperialistic, be," according to Nestor's Chronicles, However, the vain socialist Rada of dating back to the tsarist monarchy. and from whence Christianity came to 1917 was put together by an agreement Mr. Solzhenitsyn in proposing creation of a Russian union is perhaps shine on us. The same princes ruled us: of politicians rather than by popular concerned only with the salvation of the Russian culture. He speaks of the Yaroslav the Wise divided Kiev, Novgo– vote. When it proclaimed the secession lack of spiritual values in the Soviet system, he speaks of the need for rod, and the entire expanse from Cher– of the Ukraine from Russia, abandon– resurrection of Slavic pride to save the Russian people, yet at the same time he nigov to Ryazan, Murom and Beloo– ing the federation, it did not poll public regards Ukraine and Byelorussia as Russia's smaller brothers. zero among his sons; viadimir Mono– opinion. Obviously, he has not bothered to ask around to see what it is that Ukraine makh was at the same time the prince of І have already had occasion to re– and Byelorussia may want. Maybe Ukraine has not clamored loud enough in both Kiev and Rostov-Suzdal; there spond to emigre Ukrainian nationalists the past several months to make him notice that this nation of 52 million is was the same unity in the service of who drum it into America that "corn- well under way in resurrecting its glorious post, dating back to Kievan Rus', metropolitans. The people of Kievan and its democratic traditions first unveiled in the days of the Kozak Sich and continued on page 15) continued with the rebirth of its statehood in the 20th century. Perhaps Mr. Solzhenitsyn has not noticed that the democratic deputies of Dear Alexander isayevich: this word, from those fragments or on Ukraine and Russia have recently signed historic declarations on relations, Since the years of my youth 1 have those fragments. which advocate the establishment of harmonious "good-neighborly relations had deep respect towards you as an You addressed your people with a between the RSFSR and the Ukrainian SSR" and note that they are indefatigable fighter for freedom and work deeply imbued with anxiety and committed to the creation of "democratic independent states" in their for the spiritual will of the individual, love towards Russia, which you named respective republics, while underlining that they intend to work as equals. for his right to be himself, for the "How Are We to Structure Russia." Perhaps Mr. Solzhenitsyn has not noticed that the days of Russian liberation of the personality and the it is probably difficult today to give supremacy are over and that the events of the 1990s will not allow one people destruction of the totalitarian regime in precise advice or some definition. to dominate another. the Stalinist-Brezhnevite Communist Everything is changing so quickly. Perhaps Mr. Solzhenitsyn should stick to writing and stay away from empire. However, recommendations, especially politics... "One day in the Life of ivan Deniso– if they are well-thought out,donot come vich"and "Cancer Ward" were the main easily. books that revealed for the first time the For the most part 1 admit that your truth about Stalin's . concentration ideas are profound, just and worthy of camps to my generation. These were being absorbed and used. followed by "The First Circle" and "The However, there was one item 1 was Turning the pages back... Gulag Archipelago" and your other saddened to read in your work: your works, which gave not only the Rus– views on Ukraine. sians but all suppressed nations in this Saddened because even within the empire, knowledge about themselves dimensions of your thinking on the Myroslav Medvid is currently a theology student living in and about their neighbors. This was historical fate of Russia and her people, Silets, a village near Lviv, with his wife and daughter, followed by hope for change and a belief in the evaluation of today's position of according to a recent report carried by the Associated Press that other times would come. the fate of Ukraine or Byelorussia, you and Svoboda. The 30-year-old, who drew international attention when he The time came. The empire is disin– seem incapable of seeing certain things. endeavored to defect to the U.S., ПОЛУ shuns talk about the incident and is tegrating and soon we will be standing Your opinion is important because concentrating, instead, on completing his studies and entering the priesthood. before the "fragments of autocracy" as the world, and especially Russia, takes October 24 marks the day when, five years ago, Mr. Medvid attempted to realize Pushkin wrote. The most difficult task them into account. his dream "to live in an honest country." A Ukrainian seaman aboard the Soviet lies ahead: how to build new democra– But you, as a Russian, have never in freighter Marshal Koniev, Mr. Medvid jumped from his ship as the vessel was tic states in the better understanding of (Continued on page 14) anchored in the Mississippi River near New Orleans, La., and swam to shore, managing to evade the ship's officers who followed him. Once ashore, he stumbled upon a shopping center in Belle Chasse - a suburb of New Orleans — where, despite the language barrier he persuaded an American UNA Fund for the Rebirth of Ukraine employee to drive him to the "policia" in New Orleans. That evening, Myroslav Medvid made his plea for political asylum to various U.S. officials; his request was -fUND^ The Home Office of the Ukrainian National met with miscommunication, confusion and eventual denial. Association reports that, as of October 18, the in the early morning hours of October 25, Mr. Medvid was forcefully returned to fraternal organization's newly established his ship, but his daring escape and his sheer panic (once he realized he was being ^– лЗ, Fund to the Rebirth of Ukraine has received restored to his ship) elicited much public concern and indignation. A two-week 3,995 checks from its members with donations affair, with unsuccessful intervention by various agencies such as the immigration ' ^йЛішМ totalling Si00,426.34 . The contributions and Naturalization Service, the U.S. Customs and the U.S. Coast Guard, developed into a diplomatic battle of sorts, in the end, the American government include individual members' donations, as well relented and, on November 9, the Marshal Koniev — with Myroslav Medvid, on gWs as returns of members' dividend checks and board - departed for the Soviet Union. interest payments on promissory notes. While the handling(or mishandling, as is largely believed) of the Medvid incident (Continued on page 11) І No. 42 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, OCTOBER 21,1990 7

Toronto conference on the Great Famine World's historians speak on Faces and Places newfound archival documents by Myron B. Kuropas This week, Oksana Zakydalsky, The public. Weekly's special correspondent in He stresses that the areas hit hardest Toronto, continues her series reporting by the famine — Ukraine, the North on the Toronto conference "New Re- Caucusus and lower vblga - are the search Findings: The Famine in U– richest areas which have always pro– kraine 1932-1933" organized by the duced surpluses. He states that Russia Jews and the new Ukraine Ukrainian Canadian Research and proper is escaping the effects of the When 1 was in Ukraine last April І Moved by the letter, Mr. Horyn Documentation Center and held at the famine. He tries to give a reason for the met with Mark Kotlyar, a Jewish assured our Jewish guests that a future University of Toronto on September famine: he rejects natural causes and refusenik living in Kiev. independent Ukrainian state will have 28-30. says it is not due to the confiscation of His name and phone number had room for all peoples — Ukrainians, (Continued on page 12) been given to me by Richard Rice, Russians, Poles, Jews. "All will be by Oksana Zakydalsky national chairman of the international guaranteed their basic human rights," Second of a series Relations Committee of the American he said. "Each group will have an Jewish Committee. opportunity to develop its own poten– TORONTO - The conference ses– Richard is a member of our Chicago tial to the fullest. Jews can contribute sion on "Recently Discovered Archival Ukrainian^Jewish dialogue group much to our common good." Documents" included presentations on which has been meeting for over a year, Commenting on the desire of Jews to documents relating to the famine found and has appeared frequently at forums leave Ukraine now, Mr. Horyn express– in the archives of the United Kingdom, in our Ukrainian community. ed his belief that the exodus will dimi– as well as Germany and italy. The thrust As 1 mentioned in one of my columns nish in the future. "1 want a future of the presentations was: What did the last spring, Mr. Kotylar was referred to Ukraine that is so wonderful that no one West know about the famine? me as someone in whom Jews in the wants to leave." United States had confidence. He could Asked why Rukh works with Jews, German archives give me a true account of Jewish life in Mr. Horyn answered that Rukh be– Ukraine. He turned out to be one of lieves in cooperation. We don't do it "to Prof. Orest Subtelny of York Uni– those people you like from the moment manipulate or to gain public relations versity, spoke about the German con– you meet. Since Mark spoke fluent points, it is in our self-interest to work sular dispatches. He said that the English and Ukrainian, 1 recorded with Jews." Germans knew the most because they everything he said on audiocassette and had to know the most: the USSR was played it all back to our dialogue group "We must not permit our mutual Germany's most important trading soon after my return. enemies to exaggerate our differences partner; the USSR and Germany were or to blow minor incidents or misun– While in Kiev 1 mentioned our dia– derstandings into major confronta– two outsiders in Europe, vitally inte– logue group and some of the issues that rested in each other. tions," emphasized Mr. Horyn. "The had arisen. Mr. Kotlyar suggested І KGB is still working to keep us apart." The Germans were also well- contact Pam Cohen, national president equipped to handle information. They At this point, Mrs. Cohen asked how of the Union of Councils for Soviet her organization could help Rukh. "We had the most expert embassy in Mos– Jews and co-chairman of Chicago cow. its entire staff was fluent in Rus– need communications equipment," was Prof. Orest Subtelny Action for Soviet Jews. "She lives in the the reply. sian; most of them had been born in the Chicago area," Mark told me. "She Russian empire and they had excellent thinks as we do." "You've got it!" declared Mrs. Cohen, contacts. They had an extensive appara– When Ї returned to the United States, A fax machine was later sent to UNA tus for gathering information: seven other events dominated my time and І Supreme President Ulana Diachuk and consulates, three of which were in never really had an opportunity to accompanied Mr. Horyn to Ukraine. Ukraine (Kharkiv, Kiev, Odessa). contact Pam. it was not until Mykhailo Later, 1 called Mark Kotlyar and There are 23 documents from the Horyn was due to arrive in Chicago that learned that he .would be in Chicago. On consulate in Kiev, from 1930 to 1934; all І got in touch. October 8, the UNA hosted Mr. Kot– are marked secret. Documents from І introduced myself as a person who lyar, Mr. and Mrs. Cohen, Mr. and 1930-1931 deal with the five year plan; was a friend of Mark Kotlyar and Tallman as well as the following mem– they note that the regime was ready to immediately learned, to my pleasant bers of our dialogue group: David push the people at all costs and con- surprise, that Mark had left the Soviet Roth, director, institute for American elude "the people will pay."The regime Union and was now living with his Pluralism, and his wife, Sandra; Marsha was preparing for trouble, was making brother in Los Angeles. "That's won– Lazar, AJC board of governors; May– certain that its support — the military, derful news," 1 said, asking for his new nard Wishner, former AJC national police, party officials — was well looked address and phone number. That out of president; Rabbi Richard Marker, after. The documents say that Ukraine the way, 1 asked Pam if she would be president, Chicago Hillel Foundation; is being turned from a federalist coun– interested in meeting Mykhailo Horyn. Maureen Roin, president, Avenue of try into a large administrative unit. "1 would be honored," she told me. "1 the Righteous; and, of course, Mr. Already in 1932 the documents say "Гт a great admirer of Mr. Horyn. Rice. Also present were Gen. and Mrs. that the country is heading for a catas– Mark sent me a picture of Jews with William Levine. Following a superb trophe and mention the possibility of a israeli flags and Ukrainians with Ukrai– Ukrainian dinner at Galan's, everyone famine. They point out that Moscow is Jaroslaw Koshiw nian flags marching arm in arm during had an opportunity to chat with Mark unhappy with the Ukrainian party, and israeli independence Day in Kiev. That at great length. Later that evening he that Ukrainian dissatisfaction is grow– picture now hangs in my office. І know was the guest speaker at a meeting ing — but that it is based on anti– Mr. Horyn had a lot to do with that organized by Friends of Rukh in Chi– Sovietism rather than national feeling. event." cago. The 1933 documents describe the Juggling her schedule (1 didn't give "1 am a Ukrainian nationalist," Mr. famine hunger riots and a popular Pam much advance notice or many time Kotlyar told his Ukrainian^Jewish mood extremely dangerous to Moscow. slots) she and Marillyn Tallman, the audience. "And 1 believe that some 85 They point out that the policy of the other co-chairman of Chicago Action percent of Ukraine's Jews support central government is to blame the local for Soviet Jews, arrived for their meet– Rukh." officials and claim that the kulaks have ing at the appointed hour. They brought "Anti-Semitism in Ukraine today is infiltrated the apparatus. A Kharkiv a fax they had received from Mark government-initiated, it is orchestrated dispatch of May 1933 states that "dis– Kotlyar. Handwritten in Ukrainian and by the KGB. We know because some aster has struck": the famine is raging, addressed to Mr. Horyn and me, it read: perpetrators have been caught and they the government is doing nothing, a large "1 sincerely wish that your meeting with turned out to be working for the KGB." part of the population will die. A Kiev Mrs. Cohen will become an historic Asked if he will say these things to dispatch says that "the famine is beyond event in the Ukrainian and Jewish Jewish American audiences, Mr. Kot– imagination, people are used to seeing communities. Our people have much in lyar replied: "Of course, 1 already have." bodies in the streets." common: for many years they fought "But will you change your mind The German archives also contain a for their independence; millions of our about Ukraine once you've lived in the report by Otto Schiller, agricultural people live in the diaspora; the best sons United States for a while?" asked an attache at the German Embassy who and daughters of our people perished elderly Ukrainian. had been in the USSR for eight years. fighting communism. І want to warmly "Never!" replied Mark. "1 grew up in He was considered, the best Western thank the Ukrainian leadership for their Ukraine and 1 love it. And 1 know an expert on Soviet agriculture. His report uncompromising support of Ukrainian independent Ukraine will be a great was issued in September 1933 from Jews and their struggle against Soviet Ukraine." Moscow and was sent to all German imperialism. Long live independent At that, the audience broke out in embassies is the world but marked Ukraine! Long live Ukrainian-Jewish vigorous, heartfelt applause. They, too, "secret," i.e., not to be released to the Prof. Andrea Graziosi friendship!" liked this man from Ukraine. 8 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, OCTOBER 21,1990 No. 42

Lviv removes Lenin monument

Photos clockwise from left shows: posters and placards placed at the Lenin monument; a view of the monument with the Lviv Opera Theater in the background; the public exa– mining the gravestone found in the monu– ment's base; a placard stating: "The Party removed Stalin; the people removed Lenin.

PHOTO FOLLOW-UP: Lenin comes tumbling down JERSEY C1TY, N.J. - One by one, like dominoes, the seemingly countless monuments to viadimir Lenin scattered throughout Ukraine are coming down. On September 14, in Lviv, to the applause of thousands, the Lenin monument near the Opera Theater was dismantled.

"No to the Lenin monu– ment in Lviv."— lnscrip– tion on placard signed by the residents of Lviv and placed at the foot of the Lenin monument.

As the statue was being taken down, it became clear to all present just what its base was made of: gravestones bearing inscriptions in Ukrainian and Polish. A similar revelation occurred in Kolomyia, where the Lenin monu– ment was found to have been erected atop headstones taken from de– stroyed Jewish cemeteries. Many of the gravestones were still intact, their Hebrew inscriptions clearly visible. Meanwhile, in Ternopil, crowds had gathered on August 8 to watch Lenin's fall Trom grace. The monument located in Free– dom Square across from the Ter– nopil Hotel was taken down and trucked away, its fate is unknown. No. 42 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, OCTOBER 21,1990 9

ON THE RECORD: Yyacheslav Chornovil, dissident-turned-pol

by Oksana Zakydalsky Now (Boris) Yeltsin is the leader of a state, of for Ukrainians," "Beat the Muscovites" — these are Russia, and whether he wants to or not, he has to not serious people. These are small groups with no Yyacheslav Chornovil - journalist, dissident, defend some kind of sovereignty of Russia, and in followers. They do not have the slightest mass support. political prisoner, deputy — is one of the best known doing so he is also helping us. І head the radical faction in the National Council political leaders in Ukraine today. But let us imagine Yeltsin as leader of the USSR. (Narodna Rada). Although 1 have the greatest respect He was born in 1937 in Cherkassy oblast and There is no doubt, that the imperialist complex would for Academician (ihor) Yukhnovsky, 1 sometimes do graduated from Kiev University in journalism. He rise to the surface, and he would work for the not agree with all of his public statements. Yet 1 cannot began his journalistic career in the Lviv television strengthening of the empire. He would continue disassociate myself from him completely because, on studio in i960; his career as a dissident began in 1965. reforms, but within the bounds of the empire. This most questions, we agree. in 1967 he prepared two publications: the first, "1 would halt the disintegration of the empire and the in order to maintain an independent position, we Don't Ask Anything of You," described the mecha– realization of our hopes for an independent Ukrai– have created a radical faction; it includes myself, nisms behind the repressions taking place in Ukraine nian state. Stepan Khmara, Laryssa Skoryk and a whole group at the time. The second was "Lykho z Rozumu" of deputies. Therefore, it is 1 who is the radical and as (published in English as "The Chornovil Papers") and for these groups, they are not radicals — merely not subtitled'1 Portraits of 20 criminals." The collection of very intelligent people. the biographies of the 20 "criminals" caused a sensation in the West and brought to the world's Some say that the extent of the national revival in attention the dissident movement in Ukraine. western Ukraine is not known in the rest of the Mr. Chornovil was first arrested in 1967 and was country. Are you doing anything to establish contact imprisoned three times: 1967-1969, 1972-1979, 1980- with the rest of Ukraine? 1985. in the period 1970-1972 he edited The Ukrainian Herald, a samvydav journal, and continued its We do a lot. Western Ukrainians are continuously publication in 1986-1987. organizing country-wide actions. For example, the in 1988 he became one of the founders of the mass demonstrations held on October 1 before the Ukrainian Helsinki Union and in the elections of Parliament in Kiev — 1 saw them on Canadian March 1990 was elected people's deputy to the television and with pleasure noted all the faces from Supreme Soviet of Ukraine and to the Lviv Oblast Lviv in the front lines. One can name such events as the Council, of which he became chairman. 500 years of Zaporozhian Sich, the living chain from This interview was given on October 8 at the Kiev to Lviv, the picketing of the Supreme Soviet — Ukrainian Canadian Research and Documentation people from western Ukraine are always in the Center in Toronto. forefront. All opportunities for contact with the rest of the country are taken. І have to give credit to western Were you aware of the effect the publication of your Ukrainians; if they hear something is happening book "Lykho z Rozumu" had when it came out in the anywhere in the country, they are ready to go there. West in 1967, and did you know it had also been Another attempt to establish contact is through the published in English? Parliament. For example, we have formed an Association of Democratic Councils, membership of І had no idea. І learned about it later, when 1 was which includes Dniprodzezhynske, Lviv, Zhytomyr, released from prison, if the book had been published ivano-Frankivske, Sumy, etc. We hold our meetings three weeks earlier, 1 would have received a longer all over the country - in Dniprodzerzhynske, sentence. Fortunately, my trial came before the book Zhytomyr — on purpose. Everyone goes there, appeared. Yyacheslav Chornovil contacts are established, both personal and economic. My wife told me about the English edition during We have obtained a republican designation for our one of her visits. But 1 was not aware that it had caused When the center is weak, is there a greater newspaper Za vilnu Ukrainu, and it will be available such a sensation. І found out about it only after being opportunity for action? all over the country. We send out literature, unofficial released from prison — from radio broadcasts, talking newspapers. to visitors from the West, who in 1969, a year of Yes, but only if our center were stronger. We really One can say that western Ukraine is playing the role relative thaw, came often. do not have a center. Our government in Kiev is І had actually thought that my first article, which of a detonator. І don't want to be accused of completely incompetent, (vitaliy) Masol should be "Piedmontism." І don't wish to heap excess praise on was published in the West under the title "1 Ask dismissed immediately. Nothing of You," where 1 exposed the KGB "kitchen" western Ukraine — 1 only see its real role. After all, at if we had a capable center in Kiev in these the beginning of the 19th century, western Ukraine and showed how they "cooked up" the charges against circumstances of such chaos in Moscow, we could us, would be more popular. But then 1 understood the was the most backward part of the country; there was break out of this union, at least go further along that no intelligentsia. But because of certain historical reason - because 1 had shown live people, real people. way. And if we did, so would everybody else. This was not some general condemnation of conditions, the shorter period of Soviet occupation, terror on a smaller scale, western Ukraine is currently Bolshevik terror but concrete pictures of people with But this economic crisis is affecting Ukraine as well. ordinary biographies, people who, from the point of playing a role that periodically has been played by different regions in Ukraine. Wherever, at a certain view of the West, were not doing anything criminal but if we could take control of the economy we would be were behaving quite normally. And suddenly... point in history, the conditions are right, there the able to handle the crisis. But most enterprises in Ukrainian nation revives. Ukraine are under union control, we do not have our This week there have been many articles in our own foreign currency. So we are being dragged into Western press about the economic and political crisis What is the future of Rukh? What should its that all-union complex and are swinging in the wind function be in the coming year? in the USSR, that the people have lost faith, that the with everybody else. government can't do anything, that Gorbachev's time is up - that he is on his way out. Do you agree with Rukh today is very necessary but soon it will outlive Mykhailo Horyn said recently that the coming its role. Strong political parties will take away the this assessment? And, if this does happen, how will it autumn in Ukraine will be "a hot one." Do you agree? affect Ukraine? foundation of Rukh. But we do not have them yet, What will be the issues? particularly in eastern Ukraine. Therefore, Rukh will continue to live for some time yet. it will І have thought for a long time that Gorbachev І am not up to date on the recent developments in should go. He did what he could; he put in motion the probably evolve into a "front" made up of distinct the Parliament, since 1 had to remain here because of groups which join together. But as a general pheno– whole mechanism, something that had to be done. One my health. But 1 have been told that even the shouldn't make a big democrat and reformer out of menon which unites everybody - from the liberal conservatives have come to the conclusion that the Communist to the so-called "extremist" — such an him. The Communist government had gotten itself government is useless. Masol is returning to Ukraine into such a blind corner with the economy that if organization will no longer be needed and this will be a today or tomorrow. The possibility of dismissal awaits victory for democracy. changes had not begun for another year, total disaster him. Both the left and the right in the Parliament are would have struck. Rukh will break up into various political and civic ganging up on him. organizations. For example, currently the most He started the changes — he is an intelligent man in addition, it is one thing to issue a declaration on among all those Communists - to rescue the system. influential party is the Ukrainian Republican Party. І sovereignty, or a resolution about economic sove– do not agree with some of the authoritarian tendencies Yet he is timid. He is afraid to take resolute steps in reignty, but now comes the time when actual laws will order to bring to completion processes he himself in its constitution. But it is an influential body and, of all have to be written. This is where some fierce battles the parties currently being formed, the most serious started, it is time he left and gave way to a bolder will be fought. Sovereignty on paper has to be turned politician. one. The URP has taken away from Rukh a whole into sovereignty in deed. Of course it will be a hot host of leaders - ivan Drach has said he will be Gorbachev does not have the authority in the Soviet autumn, and winter as well, as the current session of leaving the leadership of Rukh. Dmytro Pavlychko, if Union that he has in the West. For us he has long ago the Parliament is planned for five months. the Democratic Party becomes well established, will ceased being an icon, in the West he is being artificially no doubt devote himself to party matters. propped up, just as the West is propping up the idea of it is said that in western Ukraine people like a Soviet Union. They do not seem to understand that yyacheslav Chornovil are considered centrists in the І was against turning Rukh into a political party this is politics without a future. The future is in the political spectrum, is this true? Who then are the because to exchange the Communist structure with building of states which are now arising out of the radicals, and what is your opinion of them? another monolithic structure strikes at the very ruins of the Soviet Union. foundation of democracy. Let there be several political But from the point of view of Ukraine, maybe it is There are no serious radicals — in western Ukraine, parties, distinct ones. better that he stayed around. This indecisiveness is І am the biggest radical The groups which wave the І do not see any difference between the programs of helping to bring down the empire. red and black flags and shout slogans such as "Ukraine (Continued on page 10) THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, OCTOBER 21,1990 No. 42

be democrats to the core, and secondly, will be Do you think some political groups in the West have vyacheslav ChornoviL. knowledgeable in something. We are beginning to been trying to influence the course of events in (Continued from page 9) - bring in a market economy, yet we lack financial Ukraine, that they have tried to interfere in your the Republican and Democratic Parties - although І experts, managers, engineers. Not that we have none affairs? know very well that the Republican Party is more at all, but under the conditions of competition, of radical. Most of the intelligentsia will not join the continuous change, of all the forces of a market Such attempts have been made, but they have been Republican Party nor will former Communists. They economy — they don't know how to work. People are unsuccessful. І will repeat this once again: the history will be more attracted to the Democratic Party. But used to sit out their time at work. of Ukraine is being written in Ukraine. the program: an independent Ukrainian state, is the There have been some attempts at influence, in my personal case, 1 am a dynamic person and same. particularly among those groups we mentioned at the need assistants who share my dynamism. І have tried beginning, because of which 1 am considered a But this just means that a party is not merely its to find people of this type and have come to the centrist. They are not serious groups. They have program but also people. conclusion that it is not easy to find people who are nothing realistic to offer. What can be done except intelligent, active, dynamic and with a quick mind. what we are doing now — we are gradually growing in This is true, but 1 don't think this is a good thing. strength and step by step going towards an indepen– You in Canada know that the difference between the How is your health? dent state. І see no other way. Conservatives and the New Democrats is not merely І myself am a radical; 1 would like to see an one of different people, but distinct differences in the І suffered some heart problems on arriving in independent Ukraine tomorrow. But 1 am a realist; І programs. Toronto, but 1 spent only two days in the hospital. І am looking for the shortest route there. This situation will probably change when the parties am under the domestic care of Dr. Mycyk but 1 confess in Ukraine take up the actual task of state building. that 1 am somewhat disobedient. І feel quite normal What do you think of the youth of Ukraine? They will define themselves, will spell out their and have been allowed to go to Ottawa and will be differences. Leaders should be changed mercilessly. І going to Alberta and Manitoba. Next week 1 leave for Wonderful, active — where did they all come from? am dead set against any authoritarianism. І left the home. When 1 had that infamous interview with Marta UHU because 1 demanded a change in leadership, it is Kolomayets - and both Mykhailo Horyn and 1 were our misfortune that we can't seem to understand People who come to Canada from Ukraine often say vilified by the authorities - one phrase of mine was democracy — we are always ready to support that it isn't what they expected. This is your first trip to taken out of the interview: that again we, the Shesty– perpetual leadership — this is some kind of new the West, is it what you expected? What are your desiatnyky, have to begin things, that somehow there Bolshevism. І have said that if 1 stay in my position too impressions? are no young people around us. How delicious they long, 1 will organize a revolt and depose myself. found those words "there are no young people." For me the main impression is not the high standard But now how the young people have joined us! And You have taken upon yourself so many tasks - of living 1 found here; 1 am not surprised by this. І now they think that we are some sort of conservatives. chairman of the Lviv Oblast Council, member of the think that a few years of normal independent The young are impatient — everything has to be given Parliament, leadership in many other groups and development - maybe decades will not be necessary immediately. But this is good. associations - the purely physical demands must he — and Ukraine can achieve a standard equal to that of Canada. in western Ukraine the young people are perhaps enormous. How do you cope? What is your day like? overpoliticized. Of course the majority of people are What 1 am most enthusiastic about in the West is the involved with their own problems, but 1 think that our My day begins at 7 a.m. and ends at 11 p.m. — seven dynamism of development here due perhaps to the society in Ukraine is more politicized that in any days a week, except that 1 come home a little earlier on conditions of the market economy, or to private country in Europe. Sundays. This kind of life is not normal. І think this ownership, or private entrepreneurship. The speed has to end. My heart problems are connected with this with which problems are decided impresses me after What kind of help do you think the Ukrainian type of life. the terrible bureaucracy 1 have to live with. diaspora should give Ukraine? But it is like that because we do not know how to Speaking frankly, 1 had worse expectations about work and because so much has so suddenly been placed the Ukrainian community here. Perhaps we have The aid to Ukraine coming from the diaspora needs on our shoulders. І knew when 1 agreed to take the heard too much about some sort infighting that is to be rationalized, at both ends. What 1 would like to position of chairman of the Lviv Oblast Council that І supposed to exist here. The political parties seem to be see is help for the new democratic governments in would be taking a heavy cross on my shoulders, but І kept alive by inertia because, in Ukraine, new Ukraine. Civic organizations are not in a position to didn't realize that it would be so heavy. We have so structures are being created. Of course we will not do what can be done by a body such as the Lviv Oblast many people who have lost faith, who are unsatisfied, return to the old parties, to the old ideologies. Council or the Zhytomyr City Council or the Horlivka so many who have been treated unfairly and everyone (in the Donbas) City Council, in many parts of the thinks that only Chornovil can help them. Perhaps 1 came at a moment when Ukraine is country the democrats are in power. They need trained І am constantly beseiged by people; 1 can't walk waking up and all abstract quarrels about her fate are people to help them, people who know the mechanics down the streets of Lviv. І take my official car to work no longer necessary, because the fate of Ukraine is of a market economy. They have the means to use such not only to economize on time but instead of a 10- being decided in Ukraine. І have come to feel that a people most productively. minute walk to work it would turn into a two-hour one certain unity exists here. We have formed an Association of Democratic because of the people who stbp me. The halls and Councils. І am part of the leadership of this associa– offices are always filled with people, it is only after 6 or We in Canada were often surprised to hear people tion; it is headed by Serhiy Koniev of Dniprodzer– 7 in the evening that 1 can get down to any paperwork. from Ukraine admonish us to unite - we would look zhynske. if we are able to hold on where the democrats І think all this is not normal, that we must learn to at each other and wonder who they were talking to. І are in power, to show everyone that things are going work normally. do think there has been an exaggerated perception of well with us, then the rest of Ukraine will follow us. the lack of unity here. Therefore, 1 would like to propose a fund to help the Do you have assistants to help you? democratic governments of Ukraine. І know that many There are, of course, party viewpoints. There are funds already exist here, but 1 think that my Of course, 1 have a whole staff. But unfortunately individual opinions but, apart from that fragment of proposition bears consideration and 1 believe that aid we have an excess of revolutionaries, but few experts. Ukrainian Communists here, a group which is dying that is channeled through the local governments will The time for meetings, for waving of flags, is coming to out anyway, which has lost ground with the downfall be most useful. an end, particularly in western Ukraine. of Communist ideology — there is a unity that 1 had Currently there is a lack of coordination of the aid We need qualified people who, in the first place will not expected. — both here and there. The Ukrainian National Association: Fenchak named to ethnic commission useful phone numbers, addresses ANNAPOL1S, MD - Governor Education Association of Maryland William Donald Schaefer recently and served on the executive board of the appointed Paul Fenchak, a former high National Confederation of American UNA Home Office UNA Washington Office school principal and junior college Ethnic Groups. He will serve a three- lecturer in American History to a three- year term on the commission. 30 Montgomery St. (third floor) 400 N. Capital St. NW - Suite 859 year term on the Maryland Ethnic The Maryland Ethnic Heritage Corn- Jersey City, N.J. 07302 Washington, D.C. 20001 Heritage Commission. (201) 451-2200 (202) 347-UNAW mission is a program of the Department A resident of Lutherville, Md., Mr. of Housing and Community Deve– , FAX (202) 347-8631 Fenchak has long been active in many lopment, and is administered by the cultural and research groups. Co- Division of Historical and Cultural author of "The Ukrainians of Svoboda Ukrainian Daily UNA Estate Soyuzivka Programs. With 15 members, appointed Maryland," Mr. Fenchak was the by the governor, the commission pro- 30 Montgomery St. (mezzanine) Foordemoore Road founding president of the Ukrainian Jersey City, N.J. 07302 Kerhonkson, N.Y. 12446 motes the conservation of Maryland's (201) 434-0237, -0807, -3036 (914) 626-5641 ethnic traditions, as well as com– UKRAINIAN SINGLES munication between ethnic groups and NEWSLETTER the community at large. The commis– Serving Ukrainian singles of all ages sion issues a newsletter, various publi– The Ukrainian Weekly cations and co-sponsors events in ethnic throughout the United States and Canada communities throughout the state. 30 Montgomery St. (mezzanine) For information send a self-addressed Jersey City, N.J. 07302 stamped envelope to: For information about the Ethnic (201) 434-0237, -0807, -3036 Heritage Commission, contact Martin Single Ukrainians Ford, executive director, (301) 974- P.O. Box 24733, Phila... Pa. 19111 2534. No. 42 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, OCTOBER 21, 1990 11

As of August 12. some 250,000 How do you feel about assistance to the patriots in the Supreme Soviet led Prykhodko espouses... persons in 20 oblasts had registered as Rukh provided by the diaspora? by Lukianenko, Horyn, the Ukrainian (Continued from page 3) citizens of the Ukrainian National Republican Party. economic or other aspects — the rea– Republic; the oblasts not included were The Rukh program supports a fede– soning being that one party is not able Sumy, Kherson, Zaporizhzhia, Myko– ration, and it includes many unknown What is your attitude towards the Communist Party of Ukraine? to resolve all these problems and the layiv and Crimea. ("chuzhi") persons. That is why assis– deep crisis in which Ukraine finds itself. We register everyone on the basis of tance to Rukh, to an amorphous Rukh The Communist Party committed Our party believes that it is beneficial the March 2, 1918, law on UNR citizen- ... 1 believe it is better to help those serious crimes against the people and for many parties to exist; thus, each ship whereby all residents of Ukraine patriots in Rukh and not just anyone. party could assume a certain aspect of had the right to citizenship. That law that is why it must stand trial before an the problem and work toward its resolu– also stipulated a three-year residence We should orient such assistance international tribunal. tion. Our party has decided to tackle requirement; we are not applying this toward those who help our struggle, We cannot forget these crimes, and the problem of statehood — the crea– limitation. such as the interparty Assembly, and we should clearly state our position. tion of government structures. We also would like Ukrainians from the diaspora to register as citizens of the Turning the pages,.. UNR. Thus far, we have not conducted What do you mean by this? (Continued from page 6) such registration in the diaspora. When І was in Detroit, 10 persons signed up; resulted in several investigations in this country, as well as a federal lawsuit filed by The interparty Assembly, has set as the Ukrainian American Bar Association, little was known of Mr. Medvid's fate its goal the registration of citizens of the in Chicago, 16. First we should esta– blished a citizens' committee — this back in the Soviet Union until recently. Soviet authorities had merely stated that Ukrainian National Republic (UNR) Medvid had married and re-located. on the basis of the law on citizenship of should be a multi-party, or even non- partisan matter. According to the latest reports, Myroslav Medvid took part in the recent "Youth March 2, 1918; the creation of citizens' for Christ" rally in Lviv and informed those gathered that he intends to enteF the committees; and - once a certain priesthood. The young man who had undergone so much trauma (including an number of citizens is registered, thus, How many members does the Ukrai– nian National Party have? How does alleged suicide attempt) reportedly told the crowd that he has come to the providing a mandate — the convening conclusion that happiness can only be found in God. of a national congress. This national one become a member? congress should then proclaim the independence of Ukraine. This would We have nearly 100 members and be the ideal path. candidates for membership. Share The Weekly with a friend. Practically speaking, we are conduct– if a person wants to join he must write ing (citizens') registration very quickly, a statement to that effect; this statement we are creating citizens' committees, is reviewed by the council, which then and we are establishing ties with the decides whether to accept the person as NOW 1N STOCK Democratic Bloc — basically with the a candidate member. THE ENGLISH EDITION OF patriotic forces of the Democratic Bloc. During the next six months the We believe that in the near future it will candidate should clearly delineate his ENCYCLOPEDIA OF UKRAINE position. We have a requirement that be possible to create a joint national Edited by volodymyr Kubijovyc liberation front. only those people who actively work for Managing editor Danylo Husar-Struk The Democratic Bloc is far from the patriotic cause can become mem– homogeneous, it includes the Ukrai– bers. it is not necessary that this First and second of a five-volume work of Ukrainian scholarship in the diaspora nian Republican Party, but also the patriotic work be done within the party, (the last three volumes are scheduled to be released by 1992) Communists, the Democratic Platform but there should be some form of of the Communist Party of Ukraine. As patriotic activity. A candidate may or A-F - Si 19.50 - 968 pp. regards these Communists, we are wary may not be accepted as a full member. of them because they remain as mem– The party is only for those who work bers of the Communist Party of the G-K - S125.00 - 737 pp. actively — for whom statehood is the Soviet Union. (The Democratic Plat- includes shipping and handling main cause, it cannot be a mass party, form peoples' deputies have since quit Alphabetical7Encyclopedia of Ukraine, based on 25 years of work, completely revised and since we still find ourselves in a colonial the CPSU.J That is why we are orient supplemented edition of Encyclopedia Ukrajinoznavstva, richly illustrated with many color status; in such conditions, a mass party ourselves toward the patriotic forces. plates, black-and-white photos and maps, first-class index of life and culture of Ukrainians in would be forced to compromise with the Ukraine and diaspora. Time will tell. But 1 think our front authorities. will be quite broad-based. Published by the University of Toronto Press for the Canadian institute of Ukrainian Studies, Does the party have its own publica– the Shevchenko Scientific Society and Canadian Foundation of Ukrainian Studies. is the interparty Assembly following tions? SVOBODA BOOK STORE the lead of similar national congresses in Estonia and Latvia? 30 Montgomery Street, Jersey City, N.J. 07302 - Yes, there is the Bulletin, begun in New Jersey residents please add 60o sales tax. May, of which five issues have been Not quite. The Baltic nations imme– published, its circulation is 5,000 to diately set out to convene national 7,000, and its editor is Bohdan Chyk. congresses, but they did not consider There is also the visnyk, of which the the military aspect. Today we see that second issue is now being prepared. The they, having proclaimed independence, first issue was released in June and its FIVE REASONS WHY YOU SHOULD cannot attain it. They have nothing with circulation is 1,000 to 1,500. Adriana SUPPORT JOHN DEMJANJUK which to close their borders. Diachyshyn (my wife) is the editor. We understand that Ukraine's seces– 1. "1 must say 1 am more than ever convinced that the decision of the judges in sion from the USSR means a dissolu– israel was unjust.." tion of the empire and that this, of What do you think about the Demo– - Rt Hon. Lord Thomas Denning course, means that Moscow will use cratic Bloc's step-by-step approach to brutal sanctions against us. That is why this issue of independence, such as its 2. "1 know of no other case in which so many deviations from procedures we are working toward establishment of law on economic sovereignty? internationally accepted as desirable occured" armed forces. - Professor Willem Wagenaar, author of identifying ivan: A Case Study in Only once we have our own armed This is one version of the struggle, in Legal Psychology, Harvard Press 1988. forces can we proclaim independence our view, this is an unsatisfactory 3. "if John Demjanjuk - whom 1 believe to be an utterly innocent man - hangs and bypass those catastrophes, fear of version, inasmuch as the Ukrainian which keep Gorbachev in power. І mean on Eichmann's gallows, it will be israel that will one day be in the dock" SSR Supreme Soviet still is based on - Patrick J. Buchanan the fears about approaching famine and the constitutions of the Ukrainian SSR civil war. and the USSR. 4. "1 believe this case stinks...І am asking for an investigation into the John The Parliament of the Ukrainian Demjanjuk American citizen case, and also into the actions of the Special Would you describe the structure of SSR, not having its own armed forces, Office of investigation in this country." the interparty Assembly? continually finds itself under threat of -Congressman James Trafficant, Congressional Record, June 20, 1989. repressions from Moscow, as in the 5. " 1 believe the Demjanjuk case will no more be forgotten by history than was the The assembly is called "interparty" 1930s. That is why the National Council Dreyfus case." for convenience, in reality it includes must take this into consideration, in - Count Nikolai Tolstoy community, youth and trade union addition, it is in the minority in the organizations - the full spectrum of Supreme Soviet and it cannot achieve Twelve years of tireless efforts have brought us this far. Mr. Demjanjuk's defense social and public organizations. those goals that it demands. For ex- is on the brink of financial ruin. Without your immediate financial assistance, Mr. The first session of the interparty ample, the Declaration of sovereignty Demjanjuk's appeal to the Supreme Court will not be possible. Please help us suc– Assembly held July 1 created the begins and ends with references to the cessfully complete the final chapter of this twelve year nightmare. following organs: the National Council union and a new union treaty. on the Rebirth of Ukraine's Statehood Please send donations to: is the directive organ; the Executive We can talk only about indepen– John Demjanjuk Defense Fund Committee is conducting the registra– dence. At present, the National Coun– P.O. Box 92819 tion of citizens (of the UNR), raises cil is becoming more radical; it sees that Cleveland, Ohio 44192 funds and prints registration forms; and its route is not succeeding. The the Coordinating Council coordinates Ukrainian Republican Party already is the activity. adopting a more radical route. 12 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, OCTOBER 21. 1990 No. 42

the University of Glasgow and re- the USSR was a source of cheap raw the ideological veil, through the Mar– World's historians... searcher for the UCRDC. (A selection materials and a market for manufac– xist-Leninist jargon, which they consi– (Continued from page 7) of the British Embassy documents tured goods. dered unimportant. grain. The real reasons are "buried in about the famine has been published in Prof. Graziosi stated that the reports darkness" — a strange verdict for an "The Foreign Office and the Famine," italian archives are of high quality. They anticipate the expert to make. He comments on the ed. by M. Carynnyk, L. Luciuk and B. findings of scholars decades later. They disorganization and the distribution Kordan, The Limestone Press, 1988.) Another rich source of information give vivid pictures of the process of system, on the brutality of the local The British government has access to on the famine is the italian archives, collectivization and mention the total Communists and on pressure from good sources of information: the re- which were researched by Prof. Andrea incompetence with which the process S66ve..„,t ports of Andrew Cairns and Mr, Graziosi. Prof. Graziosi is a professor of was carried out. Already in 1931 they Thus, а'гіЛап who was considered the Schiller. Andrew Cairns was an expert the University of Naples and a specialist give the verdict that the country will pay top expert on Soviet agriculture, is at a with the Canadian Wheat Board. He in Soviet industrialization. He found for collectivization. They describe loss to explain the famine, but he makes had predicted, in 1930, that the collec– the documents about the famine ca– peasant resistance and comment on its it clear that the famine was avoidable. tives would increase production and sually, while doing research in the mass character. in his answer to the question "was this would pose a danger to the Cana– general Soviet archives in italy; hun– By 1932-1933 the reports speak of a planning involved in the famine?," Mr. dian farmer because of the possibility of dreds of impressive documents speak– "general conspiracy," not only of the Schiller says that no attempt to prevent the flooding of the grain market. Thus, ing in great detail about the famine and peasants, but of local cadres against the famine was made, although there he said, it was important to follow the collectivization. Moscow and its policies. They say that were attempts to distribute the famine: development of Soviet agriculture. A large selection of them were pub– Ukraine is out of control — not only through the pass system, expulsion He went to the USSR in April 1932 lished in the French academic journal masses of peasants but local officials are from the collectiveness, arrests of "anti- and stayed for four months. He was "Cahiers du Monde Russe et Sovieti– unreliable and have to be purged every Soviet" elements. But the famine came surprised to find that the collective que" (January-June 1989). A selection few months. too fast and hard. Local officials were farms were in serious crisis and that of them is also included in an appendix to the report of the U.S. government They speak of the "new enserfment" overwhelmed and could not distribute it there was hunger in Ukraine and Ka– of the Soviet peasant and in general to the right elements of society. zakhstan. He said that Ukraine and the Commission on the Ukraine Famine. An italian edition is to be published consider the Soviet Union of the 1930s Both the Kiev and Kharkiv dis– North Caucasus were facing a famine. to have been a huge jump backwards. By August 1932 he concluded that the soon. patches say that the West will never italy had good relations with the They point to a connection between the understand the famine and repeat that farming areas of the USSR needed enserfment and the de-Ukrainianiza– immediate international famine relief. USSR, as Mussolini had already for– no attempts were made to stop the malized ties with the Soviet Union at the tion, especially after December 1932. famine. One Kharkiv document states He was amazed at the shortage of food, as the 1932 harvest was good. beginning of the 1920s. To italy, it was The largest number of reports come that the Soviet rural population believes the second most important relationship from Kharkiv, from Consul Sergio that the Soviets did not purposely create Like Mr. Schiller's, Mr. Cairns' after Germany, italy had eight consu– Gradenigo who, although a fascist, was the famine but consciously used it to report was not made public. The first lates in the USSR, in Ukraine there was one out of a nationalistic experience. further their plans and to break resis– eyewitness accounts published in Bri– a consulate in Kharkiv (later in Kiev) and Some of his reports describe the psy– tance to the system and to the collec– tain were by Malcolm Muggeridge in in Odessa. All the consulates made chological effects on the local popula– tives. the March 1933 issues of The Manchester weekly reports to the embassy, so that tion, the reaction of the people to the Consul Henke's dispatch from Kiev Guardian and by Gareth Jones in the there is a wealth of high quality docu– terrible conditions. What they describe ties the famine to Ukraine's political Daily Express. As a result, Western ments. in the period of 1932-1939, is not only a very unpleasant world, aspirations: "the Soviet regime caused correspondents were barred from the about 150 documents mention the fa- Prof. Graziosi said, but a very unplea– the famine to bring Ukraine to its famine areas from March to September mine. sant psychology. They point to a racism knees." 1933. The italian consuls in the USSR in against the peasant class, which is None of the German accounts was The British government not only the 1920s and 1930s were all former treated like something subhuman. published at the time. Germany was knew about the famine, but took a officers of World War 1, who had preoccupied with unemployment and conscious decision not to do anything entered the diplomatic service after the As the despondency of the peasant German exports of industrial equip– about it. it exacerbated the crisis by war. "A strange group," Prof. Graziosi turns against the city dwellers, it also ment to the USSR continued. allowing the imports of food from the called them. They were educated, all assumes racist dimensions, as most city USSR in 1929-1932 with the justifica– with degrees and politically liberal. dwellers were Russians, Jews or Poles. British archives tion that it was the cheapest on the The experience of World War І At the same time, Mr. Gradenigo international market. influenced the reports. They were describes how the whole city partici– An analysis of the documents found Why did Britain not aid the victims of written by people who had seen great pated with pleasure in the hunt against in the British archives was provided by the famine as it had done in 1921? The tragedy, yet there is a feeling of repug– the peasant. The city dwellers denounce Jaroslaw Koshiw, Ph.D. candidate at economic situation in Britain was bad; nance running through the reports the peasants, who come to the city to when they describe the famine. "The beg. Mr. Gradenigo sees this issue of reports are terrible to read," Prof. Russians, Poles and Jews against the THE SUPREME EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Graziosi said. Ukrainians as part of the nationality problem. of the Another influence on the content of the reports was the theories of Mosca ЯсЯс^ UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ASSOCIATION and Pareto in explaining social pheno– announces the schedule of mena: that importance should not be None of the reports — German, given to ideologists but to the facts. British or italian — were made public at Thus the writers tried to work through the time. The governments involved UNA D1STR1CT SEM1NARS 1990 found that it would have been politi– SECRETARY cally inconvenient to publish news for UNA BRANCH SECRETAR1ES - ORGAN1ZERS Engineering Office in Kenil– about the famine in Ukraine because worth, NJ. (Rt. 22), PC know- and all interested UNA ACTMSTS Stalin's need for industrial products was ledge, word processing (word- a lifeline for the Western countries. The agenda of the seminars will deal with the introduction of the new UNA star or alike) a must. Call (201) 686-7788 Thus, they fell over each other to get RET1REMENT ANNU1TY CERT1F1CATE, review of all UNA insurance certificates orders for industrial equipment. and for distribution of promotional materials. TORGSYN ТОРГСИН (415) 752-5546 (415) 752-5721 Sunday, November 11, 1:30 P.M. 5542 Geary Blvd., San Francisco, CA 94121 (415) 752-5721 (FAX) District - PITTSBURGH, PA. UNA ST. NICHOLAS, BRANCH 120 WE HAVE ALL THE ITEMS WHICH ARE VERY POPULAR IN THE USSR 838 Broadhead Road, Aliquippa, Penna. THE LOWEST PRiCES 1N THE U.S.A. WE TAKE ORDERS OYER THE PHONE FROM ANY C1TY1N THE U.S.A. OR FROM OTHER (412) 375-9946 COUNTRlES. WE SELL CARS FOR RELATlYES 1N THE USSR. WE TRANSFERE MONEY. District Chairman: FOOD КІТ П 1 10. imported Tea .. 1.1 lb. л Children's foods (imported foods) 11. Cocoa 1.1 lb. (kit) . 587 Andrew Jula 4 ,. (412) 266-2686 12. Dry spices 1 box Si52 including delivery ' Cars ("LADA") TV-SETS 13. imported 1. imported Ham 1 lb. from 55.600 chocolates 1 box л VCR'I. Refrigerators 2. imported Sausage 2.2 lb. 14. Chocolate-dipped Sunday, November 11, 2:00 P.M. TELEPHONES 3. Mincemeat 0.75 lb. from 5500 CAMCORDERS zephyrs 1.1 lb. 4. Frankfurters 1 Jb. 15. Buckwheat ' Health spa packages CALL Districts: ROCHESTER - SYRACUSE;UT1CA voltage 1277220 5. Danish cheese . 0.88 lb. or Spaghetti 2.2 lb. ' Condominiums CALL COMPUTERS 6. Beef stew 1.1 lb. л Dishwashers UKRAINIAN NATIONAL HOME WITH RUSSIAN 7. Meat in white ALSO AvAlLABLE: from 5500 KEYBOARD sauce..... 1.1 lb. French medications ' Landry machines 1317 West Fayette Street, Syracuse, N.Y. 8. Ground coffee or: 1.1 ib. " Family health care from 5550 District Chairmen: instant coffee . 0.44 lb. kit 5109 " Minitractors 9. Condensed milk 0.75 lb. " Kids'health care kit... S70 from 52.000 Rochester - Peter Dziuba (716) 621-5230 Syracuse;Utica - Dr. lvan Hvozda (315) 488-3616 Duty-free! Prompt To-Door Delivery At No Charge! DELivERED W1TH1N 5 DAYS 1N THE MOSCOW REGION OR W1TH1N 15 TO 20 DAYS ELSEWHERE 1N THE USSR LUNCH will be served to all, compliments of the UNA. You MUST 1MMED1ATELY ; advise your District Chairman of your attendance, since a correct count of persons is Our store ships and delivers ail kinds of radio , necessary for meal preparation. and electronic equipment to the USSR HOURS: Monday - Wednesday 11:00-6:00 with prepaid custom's fee or without it. Thursday - Saturday 11:00-7:00 No. 42 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, OCTOBER 21,1990 13

Newsbriefs... ing in Kiev,reported TASS, was attend– parents, as a gift of love for you. Now ed by workers, intellectuals and vete– Remember... that you are launched in your own (Continued from page 2) rans. (RFE;RL Daily Report) (Continued from page 5) career, why not return the favor? if your beyond the currently specified export take out benefits more than you put in. parents or grandparents have no life- volume. The decree pertains to both ^ Lviv — The democratically con- Find your situation in the table below. threatening ailments and are under the private and state producers. (RFE^RL trolled Lviv Oblast Council, as well as age of 70 why not arrange for a "dignity Daily Report) the registered opposition parties, have fund" for them? Sharing the premium SlO,OOO "Dignity Fund" Ф ivANO-FRANKivSKE, Ukraine been given rooms in the building which cost with other family members today Age — Former soldiers of the Ukrainian once housed only the oblast branch of will be a lot cheaper than sharing the insurgent Army (UPA), including those the Communist Party of Ukraine. 25 S 87.00 per year investment cost of their funeral when they die. who served in the ivano-Frankivske, The building's facade now displays 30 105.70 per year investment Think about it. Do it. Sub-Carpathian and Bukovyna oblasts two new tablets: those of the Ukrainian 35 130.30 per year investment of Ukraine, held a congress — the first Republican Party and the Ukrainian 40 162.50 per year investment For complete information write to: of its kind — during which they formed Christian Democratic Party. (Ukrai– 45 203.90 per year investment "Dignity," UNA 30 Montgomery St., a brotherhood of soldiers of this region; nian Press Agency) 50 258.20 per year investment Jersey City, N.J. 07303; (201) 451-2200. Mykhailo Zelenchuk was elected head 55 330.50 per year investment of the new group. 60 428.60 per year investment 9 SEvASTOPlL, Ukraine - On HUCULKA 65 567.00 per year investment The congress also adopted program– August 28, 11 deputies from the Se– icon 8L Souvenir's Distribution 70 763.90 per year investment 2860 Buhre Ave. Suite 2R matical documents, wrote appeals to vastopol City Council in Crimea form– Bronx, NY 10461 the Ukrainian nation and its youth, and ed a Democratic bloc under the leader- sent a telegram to the Supreme Soviet of REPRESENTATNE and WHOLESALER of EMBTOfDERED BLOUSES ship of Captain Lieutenant ihor Te– P.S.: Your first policy was probably for ADULTS and CH1LDREN the Ukrainian SSR in support of the niukh of the Soviet military. paid for by your parents or grand- Tel. (212) 931-1579 student hunger strike in Kiev.(Ukrai- Composed mostly of local Ukrainian nian Press Agency) Language Society members, the group's DELAWARE HURYN MEMOR1ALS main goals are raising the national RIVERFRONT GEM 9 KlEv — Ukrainian Supreme So– consciousness of the 100,000 Ukrai– FOR THE F1NEST 1N CUSTOM MADE viet chairman Leonid Kravchuk spoke MEMORIALS INSTALLED IN ALL CEME– nians who live in the city, opening Exceptional year-round or weekend home. 90 at a press conference in Kiev on Septem– Ukrainian schools and establishing TERIES IN THE METROPOLITAN AREA ber 12 and claimed that Ukraine cannot minutes from NYC, 5 minutes from Glen Spey. of New York including Holy Spirit in Historic 1820s Canal Lock House, Beauti– Ukrainian cultural ensembles. (Ukrai– H^mptonburgh, N.Y., St. Andrew's in South exist independently from the USSR fully updated for comfortable living. Beamed nian Press Agency) Bound Brook, Pine Bush Cemetery in because of economic dependence on the livingAJining room, large modern kitchen, rest of the Soviet Union. According to a pine-paneled family room with wet bar, 3 bed- Kerhonkson and Glen Spey Cemetery in Glen Spey, New York. TASS report, Mr. Kravchuk maintain– rooms, 2 full baths, wraparound porch with 9 KlEv - The Presidium of the sweeping river views, cement basement, ed that economic sovereignty poses We offer personal service 8, guidance in your Ukrainian SSR Supreme Soviet has many storage areas, small outbuildingX home. For a bilingual representatives call: more complex problems than political decided to create and publish its own studio. Set on stone-terraced hillside with sovereignty. However, some activists seasonal waterfall, secluded from neighbors 1WAN HURYN newspaper, Holos Ukrainy (voice of P.O. Box 121 believe that the economic argument is by surrounding deep woods. Near major high- Ukraine), according to a report by Kiev Hamptonburgh, N.Y. 10916 being used to keep the independence- ways. Historic quality and well cared-for international Service on September 3. condition like this is hard to find. Tel: (914) 427-2684 minded republic tied to Moscow. The paper will be issued 300 days a year S249,000. BOHDAN REKSHYNSKYJ and will offer the opportunity for both 45 East 7th Street Chairman Kravchuk also spoke Call evenings: at a rally the following evening, rightist and leftist forces to express their New York, N.Y. 10003 September 13, in Kiev, where he pro- respective opinions. (Radio Kiev inter- (212) 673-7025 Tel.: (212) 477-6523 tested the dismantling of Lenin statues; national Service) the anti-Lenin fervor, already evidenced in Ternopil, Chervonohrad and Lviv, UKRAINIAN ST. JOHNS UKRAINIAN CHILD CARE CENTER has reportedly spread to Kiev and has TYPEWRITERS 1N NEWARK, N J. been the target of forceful criticism also other languages complete is accepting children aged 2 and a half to 5 for supervised activity from the Communist Party. The meet– line of office machines A equipment. Monday through Friday 7:30 A.M. to 5:30 P.M. JACOB SACHS for full days, half days or 3 hr. sessions 251 W 98th St. a.e. smal Ь co. New York. N Y 10025 All activities are conducted in Ukrainian. Tel (212) 222-6683 ("ординський, Пастушенко 7 days a week For more information please call St. John's rectory' (201) 371-1356 Смаль

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superiority complex due to a feeling of among them was born the genius of Why, Alexander isayevich, doesn't A response... belonging to a superpower until he Укгаіпе, Taras Shevchehko. From his Ukraine, a member of the United (Continued from page 6) separates from everyone whom he bitter fate, to the many bans on the Nations, have a single embassy in your life experienced that feeling of dominates and has dealings with him– Ukrainian language in Ukraine, and another country or any direct interna– inferiority, which persecutes Ukrai– self alone. then to the suppression by the Red tional ties, rather than having to deal nians wherever they are. The common beginnings and history Army sent in by Lenin and led by through intermediaries? Abroad everyone knows Russia be– of our peoples on no account signify the Trotsky of the new free Ukrainian state Ukrainians, wherever they are, are cause there was the empire and also a necessity of being in one state. that had just been reunited and again not especially ill disposed towards a well-known history. After 350 years of Look at the history of England. Or is divided between Poland and Soviet Russian person as such, or towards Russian oppression over the Ukrainian it Great Britain? Does one have to Russia, although initially it was recog– Russia, because, truly, the Russians, land, there are very few in the world reunite it with little Britain, i.e. with nized by Lenin - this is part of our like the Poles, are a people close to us. who know anything of our glorious, Brittany, with France? Or perhaps with history which is common with Russia. However, in the historical context, Ukrainian history, even the very famous Germany, from where the Anglo-Sa– And the destruction of the Zaporo– there have been so many offenses and so Zaporozhian Kozak State. For ex- xons arrived in today's England? zhian army drowned in the blood of much pain from Russia, that today only ample, Russian historians are often There are many such examples in the Ukraine by Catherine 11? And the one thing is clear: only when Ukraine convinced that Feofan Prokopovych, history of the world. terrible terror in Ukraine following the has its own statehood, then Ukrainians whom Peter 1 transferred from You are right when you write that if unsuccessful revolt by Mazepa? The list will have sufficient self-respect and thus the Kiev Academy to St. Petersburg, is a the Ukrainian nation so wishes then it of crimes the Russian empire com– as a result a normal attitude to the Russian philosopher. There are thou– should separate. But look at the pro- mitted against Ukraine is endless. Russians of Russia. Until that hap– sands of such examples, in a way they cess of events in Ukraine today. Don't The political terror in Ukraine that pens, there will never be normal rela– have accepted that Skovoroda is a you have any information? The Decla– started at the end of the 1920s destroyed tions. Ukrainian, but often they consider him ration on the State Sovereignty of Ukrainian intellectuals and led to a The image of the suppressor and the a Russian thinker; for Russia, and Ukraine from the present Supreme situation whereby every member of the Russifier, who came with Russia (re– thus for the world, the Ukrainians vedel Soviet of Ukraine has just been pro- intelligentsia who spoke in the native gardless of his origins) and forced the and Bortniansky are considered Rus– claimed and Moscow is counteracting it language, was considered a bloody Russian language upon us, forced us to sian composers. This is what Russian with its new, quite serf-like, draft of the nationalist. The artificial famine or– renounce and betray our own land and academics write and, through them, this union treaty; from this it is obvious who ganized by the Communists in 1932- our history, will always be standing is how the world assimilates it. is ignoring the declaration adopted by 1933 led to the deaths of approximately somewhere nearby. the Supreme Soviet of Ukraine. 7 million Ukrainians. Mass exile to And what about us, Alexander isa– No, Alexander isayevich! There will Siberia, the terror of the Stalinist– yevich? Who are we? Where is the Do you know the popular anecdote in never be peace in, as you call it "Rus'– Brezhnevite NKvD on the territory of spiritual wealth accumulated over the Ukraine in which a Ukrainian and a Russia" because the great Russian, who western Ukraine, the killings, the shoot– centuries, for the most part scattered Russian find a wallet with money is accustomed to imperialistic thinking ings and the torture of 1930-1941 led to about the treasuries and museums of inside? They were overjoyed. The Rus– will always consider the Ukrainian to be a situation where at the beginning of the Russia by imperial decrees? sian says: "We found it together, let's one step below, a "khakhol." Until we divide it in a brotherly fashion." But the war the population of western Ukraine separate ourselves from him nothing Why do you — after supposedly giving Ukrainian replies: "No, better divide it greeted the arrival of German armies can be done with him. grounds for the separation from the equally." with joy because they awaited libera– The same goes for Byelorussia. empire for the 12 republics and so Ukraine, for several centuries was tion. When the Hitlerites revealed their On the subject of Ukraine's borders, convincingly and so precisely persuad– placed under serfdom by Russia (not by policies, a popular war was started which you refer to, let's look at Russia's ing the Russians to resign from imperial the Communists, but by the Russian against them as well as against the Red borders. The first question is: was consciousness and the feeling of being a autocracy). Although until then it was Army. Following the victories and the Siberia always part of Russia, or is it at superpower - not understand that no free, its peasantry was enslaved. Free suppression of the guerrilla struggle in all Russia? What can be said about the Russian will ever be a Russian without a people were turned into slaves, and western Ukraine and in the 1950s, there Tatars, the Bashkirs, the Yakuts and was terror once again. about the other nations of the Urals and Don't you know how many Ukrai– Siberia? What about the Kuban and the THE SUPREME EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE nians were in Stalin's and Brezhnev's Krasnodarsky Krai? Was this always of the concentration camps up until recently Russia? - simply because they were Ukrai– it is a long list. The Russian federa– UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ASSOCIATION nians? As recently as September 1985 tion still has to work towards the the great Ukrainian poet vasyl Stus, announces the schedule of establishment of a new concept of who had been slandered, martyred and Russia, because the Russian federation persecuted to death, died in the Perm proper is a leftover of the Russian UNA D1STR1CT SEM1NARS 1990 camp. empire and was formed by it. He, like hundreds of his colleagues in Why should Russia be burdened also the camps and like millions of like- with Ukrainian and Byelorussian pro– for UNA BRANCH SECRETAR1ES - ORGAN1ZERS minded people in Ukraine, wanted one blems? and all interested UNA ACTiviSTS thing only: freedom for Ukraine, for her The concept of the sovereignty of The agenda of the seminars will deal with the introduction of new UNA people, for her language and culture. Russia was put forward by Yeltsin. This Russia takes away the best specialists was followed by the joint Ukrainian- RET1REMENT ANNU1TY CERT1F1CATE, review of all UNA insurance certificates and the most talented people from Russian declaration by two sovereign and for distribution of promotional materials. Ukraine up until today because Mos– states (which still have to be created) cow has more opportunities, interna– and is a clear example of the fact that Saturday, November 3, 12:00 Noon to 5:00 P.M. tional contacts and economic poten– only an independent Ukraine could District - CHICAGO tial. have true friendly relations with an independent Russia on the basis of full CULTURAL CENTER Sts. volodymyr oY Olha S1NCE 1928 mutual respect and non-intervention in Ukrainian Catholic Church SENKO FUNERAL HOMES the internal affairs of any country. 2347 W. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, ill. New York's only Ukrainian family owned ft Ukraine is striving for its own eco– District Chairman: operated funeral homes nomy and its own home. She has had ^ Traditional Ukrainian services personally enough of the Soviet boarding houses. Roman Prypchan (708) 456-5956 conducted ^ Funerals arranged throughout Bklyn, Bronx, Understand this and help her, Alex– New York, Queens, Long island, etc. ander isayevich, and Ukraine will be Sunday, November 4, 10:00 A.M. - 4:00 P.M. ^ Holy Spirit, St. Andrews Cem. A all others truly grateful to you! District - DETROIT international shipping ^ Pre-need arrangements UKRAINIAN CULTURAL CENTER With respect, Senko Funeral Home Yuriy Pokalchuk 26601 Ryan Road, Warren, Michigan 83-15 Parsons Blvd., Jamaica, N.Y. 11432 718-657-1793 member of the Union of Writers of District Chairman: Senko Funeral Home Hempstead Funeral Home Ukraine. Dr. Alexander Serafyn (313) 646-5882 213 Bedford Ave. 89 Peninsula Blvd. Brooklyn. N.Y. 11211 Hempstead, N.Y. 11550 1-718-388-4416 1-516-481-7460 u.s. SAVINGS BONDS fci Saturday, November 10, 11:00 A.M. - 4:00 P.M. 24 HOURS 7 DAYS A WEEK District - CLEVELAND METROP. A. SHEPTYTSKY HALL THE NATIONAL FACTOR IN SOVIET POLITICS St. Josaphat's Parish AND S0C1ETY 5720 State Road, Parma, Ohio Edited by Lubomyr Hajda and Mark Beissinger District Chairman: Harvard University Russian Research Center, published by Westview Press, Boulder, San Francisco fc Oxford, 1990, pp. 331. Price 320.00. Wasyl Liscynesicy ... (216) 842-1066 Leading scholars examine nationalities factor in the non-russian republics, - revival of or 888-4220 nationalism, cultural pluralism, growing ethnic tensions that pose Challenge to the success of Gorbachev's glasnost'. LUNCH will be served to all, compliments of the UNA. You MUST 1MMED1ATELY SVOBODA BOOK STORE advise your District Chairman of your attendance, since a correct count of persons is 30 Montgomery Street, Jersey City, N.J. 07302 necessary for meal preparation. New Jersey residents add 707o sales tax No. 42 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, OCTOBER 21,1990 is

"Chief Russian Council." But then a At present, separating Ukraine means Byelorussia but also in Great Russia. A word... distorted, non-popular, Ukrainian cutting through millions of families and There should be no forced Russifica– (Continued from page 6) language, littered with German and people; look at the mix of the popula– tion (but no forced Ukrainization munism is a myth, it is the Russians Polish words, grew up in the severed tion; there are entire oblasts with a either, as was the case after the late rather than the communists who want Galicia at the instigation of Austria, preponderance of Russians. Look at the 1920s), there should be totally unre– to conquer the entire world" (here it is along with the temptation to wean the number of people who have difficulty stricted development of parallel cul– - "the Russians" have already seized Carpathian Russians away from Rus– choosing between the two nationalities; tures, and instruction in schools should China and Tibet, this is how it has been sian speech, and the lure of complete, look at the number of people of mixed be in both languages at the option of the written for 30 years now in a law passed all-Ukrainian separatism which wells origins; look at the number of mixed parents. by the American Senate). Communism up among the leaders of the current marriages - after all, nobody has Of course, if the Ukrainian people is such a myth, which both the Russians emigre community either out of idyllic considered them "mixed" so far. There indeed wished to separate, nobody and the Ukrainians have experienced ignorance about the notion that St. is not a hint of intolerance between the would dare keep them by force. How– firsthand in the dungeons of the Cheka viadimir "was Ukrainian," or because Ukrainians and the Russians in the bulk ever this expansiveness is varied, and ^Extraordinary Commission for Corn- of insane frenzy: "May communism of the basic population. only the local populace may decide the bating Counterrevolution and Sabo– live, may Muscovites perish!"frendered Brothers! We do not need this cruel future of its area, of its oblast. in the tagej from 1918 on. This is a myth which in Ukrainian) division; this is the insanity of the course of this, any newly formed ethnic swept out even the seed grain in the How could we fail to share the pain Communist years. We have suffered minority in this area should likewise volga area and sacrificed 29 Russian caused by the deadly torment of U– together through the Soviet times, encounter the same noncoercive atti– provinces to the drought and death- kraine during Soviet times. But from together we have ended up in this pit, tude toward itself. dealing famine of 1921-1922. And the where does this scheme to cut off and together we shall climb out of it. Everything said above applies fully to same myth treacherously thrust the Ukraine across living flesh (including There has been a multitude of out- Byelorussia, except that over there Ukraine into the equally merciless areas where old Ukraine has never been, standing names at the intersection of unquestioning separatism has not been famine of 1932-1933. Having been such as the "wild field" of the nomads - our two cultures for two centuries. As instigated. forced into collectivization together Novorossiya, or the Crimea, the Don– M.P. Dragomanov put it, "inseparable, One more thing: We must acknow– with whips and guns, are we really not bas, and almost to the Caspian Sea) but they will not mix either." ledge the troubles at Chornobyl inflict– bound together by this bloody suffer– come, if there is to be "the self-deter– The path should be open to the ed on Byelorussia and Ukraine by the ing? mination of a nation," the nation should Ukrainian and Byelorussian culture careerists and fools of the Soviet sy– As late as 1848 the Galicians in determine its own future. This will not through friendship and joy, not only on stem, and make all possible restitution Austria still called their national council be resolved without a popular vote. the territories of the Ukraine and for them. УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ НАРОДНИЙ СОЮЗ у співпраці з хором „ДУМКА"

спонзорує ВЕЧІР української ПІСНІ Перше Турне в ЗСА ГСМІІН СВІТЛИЦЯ СМЕРІЧКА ЧоловічийХорjiЛЬвова Тріо з Києва Естрадний АнсамблЬ з ЧернівецЬ

WASHINGTON, D.C. ARCHB1SH0P CARROLL H.S. AU01T0R1UM CHICAGO, IL LANE TECH COLLEGE Wednesday, October 31, 7:30 p.m. 4300 Harewood Road, N.E. Saturday, November 10, 5:00 p.m. Western Avenue ft Edison Street Tickets: UNA Washington Office Tickets: Self-Reliance Ukrainian F.C.U., 1st Security 400 North Capitol St, N.W. Suite 859 Bank, Knyharnia, Delta, and at the door. (202) 347-8629 and at the door. 8:00 PM Banquet Sts. volodymyr і Olha U.C. Church Hall. PHILADELPHIA, PA. UKRAINIAN EDUCATIONAL S CULTURAL CENTER Thursday, November 1, 7:30 p.m. 700 Cedar Road ROCHESTER, N.Y. EASTR1DGE, H.S. Friday, November 2, 8:00 p.m. Tickets: Ukrainian Educational і Cultural Center Monday, November 12, 7:30 p.m. 2350 East Ridge Road and at the door. Tickets: Ukrainian Federal Credit Union, Mozaika, Ukrainian Home of Rochester and at the door.

TRENTON, N.J. ST. GEORGE UKRAINIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH HALL BUFFALO, N.Y. McKlNLEY, H.S. Saturday, November 3, 5:00 p.m. 878 Yardville-Allentown Rd. Tuesday, November 13, 7:30 p.m. 1500 Elmwood Avenue Tickets: at the door. Tickets: At all Ukrainian Churches and Committee members. NEW YORK, N.Y. WASHINGTON IRVING H.S. Sunday, November 4, 3:00 p.m. East 16th Street 6 irving Place SYRACUSE, N.Y. FOWLER H.S. AUD1T0R1UM Tickets: Arka, Surma, members of Dumka Chorus Wednesday, November 14, 7:00 p.m. 227 Magnolia Street and at the door. Tickets: Ukrainian National Home, Credit Union and 6:00 РМ "ZUSTR1CH", Ukrainian National Home at the door. 140 Second Avenue. Donation at the door.

YONKERS, N.Y. UKRAINIAN YOUTH CENTER KERHONKSON, N.Y. SOYUZivKA, Ukr. Nat'l Assn. Estate, Foordmore Rd., Monday, November 5, 7:30 p.m. 301 Palisade Avenue Thursday, November 15, 8:00 p.m. Tickets: Soyuzivka Store Tickets: Dunwoodie Travel Bureau, SUMA information: (914) 626-5641. Yonkers, F.C.U. and at the door. HARTFORD, CT. HARTFORD BULKELEY H.S. PITTSBURGH, PA. HE1NZ MEMORlAL CHAPEL -University of Pittsburgh Friday, November 16, 7:30 p.m. 388 Wethersfield Avenue Tuesday, November 6, 7:30 p.m. Tickets: M. Komichak, Ukr. Radio Program, Gateway Tickets: Wolodymyr Wasylenko (203) 644-2729 Towers, Suite 200, Pittsburgh, PA. 15222 Osyp Hladum (203) 257-9499 and at the door. and at the door.

CLEVELAND, OHIO POKROVA UKRAINIAN CATHOLIC CHURCH HALL NEWARK, N J. BURNET JUN10R H.S. Wednesday, November 7, 7:30 p.m. 6812 Broadview Road, Parma, Ohio Saturday, November 17, 6:00 p.m. Caldwel! Avenue, Union,,N.J. Tickets: Cleveland Self-Reliance F.C.U., , Tickets: Dnipfo (201) 373-8783 and at the loor. Osnova Credit Union, Ukrainian shops and atthedoor. 9:00 PM "Zabava" St John's School Gym - Newark, NJ. DETROIT, MICH. FITZGERALD PUBLIC H.S. Thursday, November 8, 7:30 p.m. 23200 Ryan Road, Warren, Mich. BOUND BROOK, NJ. UKRAINIAN CULTURAL CENTER Tickets: Eko Gallery, Chaika Gallery, Monday, November 19, 7:30 p.m. South Bound Brook, NJ. Ukrainian Credit Unions, members UNA Detroit Tickets: Dnipro (201) 373-8783 and at the door. District and at the door. T1CKETS at S15.00 per person TECHNICAL COORDINATOR: SCOPE TRAVEL INC. 1605 Springfield Avenue, Maplewood, NJ. 07040 PROCEEDS FROM THE CONCERTS ARE FOR PERFORMERS' EXPENSES AND FOR EXPENSES OF Tel. (201) 378-8998 Toll Free: 1 800-242-7267. "DUMKA" CHORUS UKRA1NE CONCERT TOUR. 16 ^ THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, OCTOBER 21,1990 No. 42

October 24 November 3-4

SCRANTON, Pa.: The Ukrainian Heri– PREVIEW OF EVENTS KERHONKSON, N.Y.: The Kobasniuk tage Council of Northeastern Pennsyl– "ghoulish event," which will also feature The program includes works by M. Travel Reunion, an annual event at the vania is sponsoring Ukrainian language costumes and games. Call (203) 323-9885 Berezovsky, M. Lysenko, K. Stetsenko UNA estate Soyuzivka since the incep– classes at the Scranton School District's for more information. and M. Skoryk. Further information tion of Kobasniuk group tours to U– McNichols Plaza Educational Facility, may be obtained by calling (212) 529- kraine in 1960, will spotlight the 70th South irving Avenue at East Elm Street. October 27-28 6287 or (212) 254-1148. anniversary of Kobasniuk Travel inc. of Classes are open to the general public and New York. Planned for КТІ travelers will be taught by Prof. Nicholas Duplak HARTFORD, Conn.: The Sacred Heart and friends - and open to the public - Guild of St. Michael's Ukrainian Catho– TRENTON, N.J.: Ukrainian American in weekly hourlong sessions on Wednes– veterans Post 25 will participate in a the weekend will include slide and video day evenings. Registration is scheduled lic Church is sponsoring a fall festival at presentations from the Ukraine tours of the school auditorium, 125 Wethersfield ceremony to be held in memory of the 300 for 6:30 p.m. for the beginner's level and U.S. Marines who died in the Beirut, 1990 and a semi-formal dinner with 7:30 p.m. for the intermediate level. For Ave, 10 a.m. - 5 p.m. on Saturday and 9 entertainment by the Chaika Dance a.m. - 1 p.m. on Sunday. Some of the Lebanon, massacre. Ceremonies will be more information contact Уега Kowal, conducted at the veterans' mausoleum in Ensemble of Yonkers, N.Y. Photo dis– (717) 343-7165. featured items include Ukrainian foods, plays and videos depicting this year's baked goods, crafts and Christmas items. St. Mary's Cemetery, Cedar Lane and Pitman Avenue, starting at 1 p.m. For historic events in Ukraine will be on view October 27 Pyrohy orders may be made in advance all weekend in the main building library. by calling (203) 525-7823. For more more information call John Ту mash, (609) 499-3339. For information call KT1, (212) 254- NEW YORK:The Shevchenko Scientific information call Mary Seleman, (203) 8779. 528-1813. Society invites the community to attend a October 29-November 3 lecture presented by Anatoliy Pohribny, October 28 chairman of the history of Ukrainian NEW YORK: The Slavic Heritage Coun– literature and journalism departments at November 9-11 PASSA1C, NJ.: The Ukrainian Na– cil of America inc. presents "Slavic Kiev State University, chairman of the Week," featuring various ethnic perfor– Education Commission of the Taras tional Women's League of America, DALLAS: The Ukrainian Dancers of Branch 18, is sponsoring a masquerade mances and exhibits. Highlighting the Dallas will participate in an epic work of Shevchenko Ukrainian Language So– weeklong festivities will be a gala con– ciety and leading member of Rukh. Mr. party for children of all ages at St. musical and dramatic art as they perform Nicholas auditorium, 212 President St., vention of Slavic ethnic communities on at the gala dinner which initiates the Pohribny will speak on "The current Tuesday at the Kosciuszko Foundation, language situation in Ukraine and the beginning at 3 p.m. The program will season premiere of the Dallas Opera. The include a magician, games, relays, lottery 15 E. 65th St., beginning at 7 p.m. To opera's fall season will debut with the formation of the concept of national obtain more information contact the consciousness." The evening begins at 5 tables, prizes, a delicious buffet and other production of "Prince lgor," Aleksander children's attractions. Admission is S2. council, (718) 846-7526 or (718) 846- Borodin's tale set in medieval Kievan p.m. at 63 Fourth Avenue, between ninth 0682. and 10th streets. To obtain more infor– For further information call Hania Rus'. in conjunction with the opera's mation call (212) 254-5130. Tatarenko, (201) 777-4920. premiere, a three-day symposium will be November 2 held at Southern Methodist University in WARREN, Mich.: Michigan's Ukrai– YONKERS, N.Y.: The Ukrainian Ame– Dallas on the music, art, literature, nian American veterans Post 101, the rican Youth Association of Yonkers PARMA, Ohio: The St. Andrew's Mens architecture and archeology of the Kie– largest in America, will hold its seventh invites children and their parents to its Club is sponsoring a masquerade dance van Rus' period. This symposium brings annual dinner-dance at St. Josaphat's fifth annual children's masquerade ball at at St. Andrew's Hall, 7700 Hoertz Road. together many of the world's great Slavic Parish Hall at 7:30 p.m. Music for the Ukrainian Youth Center, 301 Pali– Prizes will be awarded for the most scholars for panel discussions, lectures dancing will be provided by Halychany sade Ave., at 3-6:30 p.m. Festivities will original, scariest and cutest costumes as and events. Please contact Erica Nako– Orchestra. Admission is Si5. Contact include a pantomime play based on the well as for the best outfitted couple. The nechnyj at (214) 324-1971 for further Myroslaw Pryjma, chairman, (313) 755- Cinderella story, games, a magic show, event, which features food, fun and information. surprises, refreshments and other orga– 6855, or Stephen Wichar, commander, dancing, is open to everyone age 18 and nized activities. Admission is S3. For older. Advance tickets may be ordered at (313) 286-6490, for tickets and additional more information call Oksana Maka– information. the sale price of S7 by calling Marty November 10 renko, (914) 969-4054. Romonivich, (216) 398-6647. Tickets YONKERS, N.Y.: A Halloween Mas– may also be purchased at the door for S8, CHEEKTOWAGA, N.Y.: The Buffalo querade Dance, sponsored by the Yon– NEW YORK: After touring the U.S. and however, tickets are limited so please be Branch of Plast will celebrate its 40th kers SUM-A "druzhynnyky," will be held Canada, violinist Kyryio Stetsenko will advised to make arrangements early. anniversary with a zabava at the Holy at the Ukrainian Youth Center, 301 perform in New York at the Ukrainian Doors will open at 7:30 p.m.; music starts Trinity Ukrainian Orthodox Church Palisade Ave., beginning at 9 p.m. vatra National Home, Second Avenue between at 8 p.m. All proceeds to benefit the Hall, 200 Como Park Blvd. The evening will provide live entertainment for this Eighth and Ninth streets, at 2:30 p.m. church remodeling project. begins at 6:30 p.m.

chances, it was thought best to provok:e Physically the remaining three ree– reactor. And this fuel cannot be re- An insider's... such a reaction with the use of a so)–- aactor s could continue to operate untitil moved immediately. After being irra– (Continued from page 2) called neutron gun. A neutron gun is a theit r lifespan is over though 1 emphaa– diated it produces heat and can be This is one of the most pressing issues generator that releases neutron pulses;. sizs e that the future RBMK program waas maintained only in the cooling chafn– today. І would like to emphasize at the various investigations were conduct–t– ccancelled . The average time for anіуy bers. outset that the situation with the sarco– ed and the results were reassuring5,. iindividua: l reactor is roughly 30 years; a This whole process requires not only phagus is under control. Yet every other Today the sarcophagus is believed to biee tert m that has been specified by thie an electricity supply but also the main– day there are rumors in Kiev and other very subcritical, i.e., there is no nucleairr pphysica l properties of its materials. tenance of a large number of operating places that the "shell" of the sarcopha– danger. Chornobyl has to be shut down for ain personnel at the site, especially those gus is cracked and radiation is being The other major problem was thiee iinspectio; n in 1992, which will be thie who deal with such equipment as steam released from it and so forth. threat of contamination to the adjacenitt Ьhalfwa y point in its lifespan. After 1(5 generators, in fact, the plant continues area, very often people would cal1l1 уyears , the RBMK reactors requirre to exist eyen after it is shut down, in І heard a rumor that it was being Chornobyl to ask about the cracks in iinspectioi n to ascertain whether majoзгr ChornobyFs case, the decommissioning forced downward by the weight of the the structure which had allegedly re5–- rrepair s are required. Materials in thie process would take some 10 to 15 years, deposits above it. leased radioactive dust into the att–– ccore , such as graphite, change in dimenn–– mosphere. sios n over this period of time; irradiate;d So when Mr. Mikhail Umanets2 Yes, one hears all kinds of things. Let The point, however, is that the ^graphit e expands over time and press– declared that it would be dangerous to me provide just one example of how structure is not tightly sealed. Spaceksg surs e is created on the reactor's channelss. shut down the Chornobyl plant imme– people have reacted. When doing some were deliberately left between the The plan was to carry out majoзгr diately, this was the reason? excavations very close to the reactor, construction elements to provide somiee Гrepair s on Chornobyl– 1 in 1992, but thiis some military reservists came across convection inside. The damaged reactor liis in question because of the decision tto Yes. The reactors are shut down, but two old mines that had been left there had to be cooled continually. There is a closc e down the plant in 1995. the physical processes within them from the second world war. They told huge cooling system inside it. Filters The latter decision followed thie continue. The program was envisaged someone what they had found there and have been placed in the basement of thiee appointmena t of a commission of ext– for 1995 and by this time a plan of the rumor spread that the intention was ventilation stack in order to catch all the Jpertj s within the Ukrainian governmenitt exactly how it can be done will have to blow up the sarcophagus. And this radioactive materials. Yet the reacto)r headed by Mr. Hladush. The commiss– been worked out. it isn't like switching rumor spread very quickly so that even remains stable. That is a fact. sios n has already held three sessions ttoo off a stove. Should this program be people in Kiev got to hear of it. But in elaborate e the plan for the shutdow'n implemented, then Chornobyl-1 will be fact the reactor is fairly safe and people Researchers from the Kurchatovv 0operation . But this might be terme;d shut down next year, and then the work there on a daily basis. institute of Atomic Energy feared thiee "preliminar" y activity," because when1–- others, in turn, until 1995. :– ever you go to the Chornobyl nucleair But many specialists have declared І was there four tirhes last year, for possible collapse of some of the struc– e is plant and talk to the workers there thie that the decision makes little sense. Mr. example, and saw the inside of the tural elements inside the sarcophagus p it response is: "Why? Why should wree Umanets informed you of the modifica– crippled reactor through a periscope and a major program of reinforcement r 1- close down the plant?" tions made to the reactors,3 and he and and it could even be seen without one, of the internal structures was inaugu– c it The point is that although the plant is his colleagues believe that the RBMK is through a tube installed in a boreholejn rated to prevent such a scenario. Thus it ir located in the middle of a highly contaa– now safe. the lower edge of the cover. could now remain stable for a further h five, 10 or even 25 years. When it waLsS nminate d area, it produces valuablle During the time when the investiga– conceived, it was anticipated that thiee electricitye , if it is shut down, therre 2. The reference is to an article published tion of the inside of the reactor began, design would last for 30 years. But it vwoul d be a need to supply electricity tоo by Mikhail Umanets, director of the Chor– more than 60 boreholes were drilled in it nobyl nuclear power plant, in Radianska needs almost daily care. tthl e site in order to maintain the now and the goal was to determine the j Ukraina August 7, 1990. For some of the dormand t reactors for a considerable condition of the molten fuel within. w length of time. This would be the case public responses to this article, see Ra– What about the other reactors? How h 5e That was the basic, principal question dianska Ukraina, September 14, 1990. soon will they be dismantled? We have vwit h any nuclear reactor that is shuJtt because physicists were afraid that a 3. David Marples, "Chernobyl: A Per– noted the decision of the Ukrainian ddown , it requires constant care becausJe self-sustaining chain reaction might sonal Look at the Thirty-Kilometer Zone," government to close down the entire 0o f the huge amount of fuel it contains — start and in order not to take any over 190 tons in the case of the RBMK- Report on the USSR volume 1, Number 29, plant by the year 1995. о K July 21, 1989.