歐盟與俄羅斯在烏克蘭危機中之利益競合the Competing Interests Between the EU and Russia in the Crisis of Ukraine
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FAULTLINES the K.P.S
FAULTLINES The K.P.S. Gill Journal of Conflict & Resolution Volume 26 FAULTLINES The K.P.S. Gill Journal of Conflict & Resolution Volume 26 edited by AJAI SAHNI Kautilya Books & THE INSTITUTE FOR CONFLICT MANAGEMENT All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers. © The Institute for Conflict Management, New Delhi November 2020 ISBN : 978-81-948233-1-5 Price: ` 250 Overseas: US$ 30 Printed by: Kautilya Books 309, Hari Sadan, 20, Ansari Road Daryaganj, New Delhi-110 002 Phone: 011 47534346, +91 99115 54346 Faultlines: the k.p.s. gill journal of conflict & resolution Edited by Ajai Sahni FAULTLINES - THE SERIES FAULTLINES focuses on various sources and aspects of existing and emerging conflict in the Indian subcontinent. Terrorism and low-intensity wars, communal, caste and other sectarian strife, political violence, organised crime, policing, the criminal justice system and human rights constitute the central focus of the Journal. FAULTLINES is published each quarter by the INSTITUTE FOR CONFLICT MANAGEMENT. PUBLISHER & EDITOR Dr. Ajai Sahni ASSISTANT EDITOR Dr. Sanchita Bhattacharya EDITORIAL CONSULTANTS Prof. George Jacob Vijendra Singh Jafa Chandan Mitra The views expressed in FAULTLINES are those of the authors, and not necessarily of the INSTITUTE FOR CONFLICT MANAGEMENT. FAULTLINES seeks to provide a forum for the widest possible spectrum of research and opinion on South Asian conflicts. Contents Foreword i 1. Digitised Hate: Online Radicalisation in Pakistan & Afghanistan: Implications for India 1 ─ Peter Chalk 2. -
UNIVERSITY of BELGRADE FACULTY of POLITICAL SCIENCE Regional Master's Program in Peace Studies MASTER's THESIS Revisiting T
UNIVERSITY OF BELGRADE FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE Regional Master’s Program in Peace Studies MASTER’S THESIS Revisiting the Orange Revolution and Euromaidan: Pro-Democracy Civil Disobedience in Ukraine Academic supervisor: Student: Associate Professor Marko Simendić Olga Vasilevich 9/18 Belgrade, 2020 1 Content Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………3 1. Theoretical section……………………………………………………………………………..9 1.1 Civil disobedience…………………………………………………………………………9 1.2 Civil society……………………………………………………………………………... 19 1.3 Nonviolence……………………………………………………………………………... 24 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………… 31 2. Analytical section……………………………………………………………………………..33 2.1 The framework for disobedience………………………………………………….…….. 33 2.2 Orange Revolution………………………………………………………………………. 40 2.3 Euromaidan……………………………………………………………………………… 47 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………… 59 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………… 62 References……………………………………………………………………………………….67 2 INTRODUCTION The Orange Revolution and the Revolution of Dignity have precipitated the ongoing Ukraine crisis. According to the United Nations Rights Office, the latter has claimed the lives of 13,000 people, including those of unarmed civilian population, and entailed 30,000 wounded (Miller 2019). The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees adds to that 1.5 million internally displaced persons (IDPs), 100,000 refugees and asylum-seekers (UNHCR 2014). The armed conflict is of continued relevance to Russia, Europe, as well as the United States. During the first 10 months, -
The Ukrainian Weekly 1994
1NS1DE: ^ voter turnout in repeat parliamentary elections - page 3. " Committee focuses on retrieving Ukraine's cultural treasures - page 3. o. ^ Mykhailo Chereshniovsky dead at 83 - page 5. THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY Published by the Ukrainian National Association inc., a fraternal non-profit association vol. LXII No. 31 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JULY ЗІ , 1994 75 cents international Monetary Fund Repeat elections succeed in filling to assist Ukraine's recovery only 20 Parliament seats out of 112 by Marta Kolomayets Foreign Affairs. by Marta Kolomayets in Washington. Kyylv Press Bureau Sounding invigorated and optimistic, Kyyiv Press Bureau 9 Odessa region: Yuriy Kruk; deputy Mr. Camdessus said he was impressed minister of transportation. KYYiv - The international Monetary with the Ukrainian leadership and its KYYiv - Only 20 deputies were elect– 9 Kharkiv region: volodymyr Fund will work together with the Ukrainian commitment to reform. He said that Mr. ed on Sunday, July 24, in the latest round Semynozhenko, an academic and direc– of voting to fill 112 vacant seats in the 450- government to help this country recover Kuchma showed him a document outlin– tor of a research institute. from a sagging economy, said Michel seat Ukrainian Supreme Council, reported 9 ing key issues he wants to tackle to move Khmelnytsky region: viktor Camdessus, 1MF managing director, during the Central Electoral Commission. ahead with economic reform. Semenchuk, a director of a trading orga– a visit to Kyyiv on Wednesday, July 27. Commission officials said that many Although Mr. Kuchma has not yet dis– nization. "We have now a clear window of of the parliamentary races were unable to 9 opportunity for action. -
Parliamentary Elections in Ukraine, 1998
COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE 234 FORD HOUSE OFFICE BUILDING WASHINGTON, DC 20515 (202) 225-1901 EMAIL ADDRESS: [email protected] INTERNET WEB SITE: http://www.house.gov/csce UKRAINE’S PARLIAMENTARY ELECTION March 29, l998 A Report Prepared by the Staff of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe April 1998 Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe 234 Ford House Office Building Washington, DC 20515-6460 (202) 225-1901 [email protected] http://www.house.gov/csce/ ALFONSE D’AMATO, New York, Chairman CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey, Co-Chairman JOHN EDWARD PORTER, Illinois BEN NIGHTHORSE CAMPBELL, Colorado FRANK R. WOLF, Virginia SPENCER ABRAHAM, Michigan MATT SALMON, Arizona CONRAD BURNS, Montana JON CHRISTENSEN, Nebraska OLYMPIA SNOWE, Maine STENY H. HOYER, Maryland FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, New Jersey EDWARD J. MARKEY, Massachusetts HARRY REID, Nevada BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland BOB GRAHAM, Florida LOUISE MCINTOSH SLAUGHTER, New York RUSSELL D. FEINGOLD, Wisconsin Executive Branch HON. JOHN H. F. SHATTUCK, Department of State VACANT, Department of Defense VACANT, Department of Commerce ________________________ Professional Staff MICHAEL R. HATHAWAY, Chief of Staff DOROTHY DOUGLAS TAFT, Deputy Chief of Staff E. WAYNE MERRY, Senior Advisor MARIA COLL, Office Administrator OREST DEYCHAKIWSKY, Staff Advisor JOHN FINERTY, Staff Advisor CHADWICK R. GORE, Communications Director ROBERT HAND, Staff Advisor JANICE HELWIG, Staff Advisor (Vienna) MARLENE KAUFMANN, Counsel for International Trade SANDY LIST, GPO Liaison KAREN S. LORD, Counsel for Freedom of Religion RONALD MCNAMARA, Staff Advisor MICHAEL OCHS, Staff Advisor ERIKA B. SCHLAGER, Counsel for International Law ii ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION (OSCE) The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, also known as the Helsinki pro- cess, traces its origin to the signing of the Helsinki Final Act in Finland on August 1, 1975, by the leaders of 33 European countries, the United States and Canada. -
The Oligarchic Democracy: the Influence of Business Groups On
42 THE OLIGARCHIC DEMOCRACY THE INFLUENCE OF BUSINESS GROUPS ON UKRAINIAN POLITICS Sławomir Matuszak NUMBER 42 WARSAW September 2012 THE OLIGARCHIC DEMOCRACY THE INFLUENCE OF BUSINESS GROUPS ON UKRAINIAN POLITICS Sławomir Matuszak © Copyright by Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich im. Marka Karpia / Centre for Eastern Studies Content EDitors Adam Eberhardt, Wojciech Konończuk EDitorS Anna Łabuszewska Katarzyna Kazimierska Translation Ilona Duchnowicz CO-operation Nicholas Furnival Graphic Design Para-buch CHARTS Wojciech Mańkowski PHOTOGRAPH ON COVER Shutterstock DTP GroupMedia Publisher Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich im. Marka Karpia Centre for Eastern Studies ul. Koszykowa 6a, Warsaw, Poland Phone + 48 /22/ 525 80 00 Fax: + 48 /22/ 525 80 40 osw.waw.pl ISBN 978-83-62936-14-4 Contents THESES /5 MAIN SEctORS OF BUSINESS ActIVITY OF THE KEY UKRAINIAN OLIGARCHS /8 INTRODUctION /9 RESERVATIONS /11 I. THE EMERGENCE OF THE OLIGARCHIC SYSTEM AND ITS FORM IN 1991–2004 /13 1. The genesis of the oligarchic system /13 2. The formation of the clans /13 3. The beginnings of a system crisis /17 4. The Orange Revolution /20 II. THE OLIGARCHS IN 2005–2010 /23 1. The orange ‘oligarchic democracy’ /25 1.1. The business circles linked to the Party of Regions /26 1.2. ‘Orange’ business /27 1.3. The others /30 2. Tymoshenko’s conflict with the RUE Group /32 3. The attempt to form a grand coalition /32 4. The presidential election of 2010 /34 III. THE OLIGARCHS AFTER VIKTOR YANUKOVYCH’S VIctORY /37 1. The key groups of influence in the state administration/37 2. ‘The family’ – an attempt at a new quality /40 3. -
Understanding Ukrainian Politics Power, Politics, and Institutional Design
Understanding Ukrainian Politics Power, Politics, and Institutional Design Paul D’Anieri M.E.Sharpe Armonk, New York London, England 2 UNDERSTANDING UKRAINIAN POLITICS Copyright © 2007 by M.E. Sharpe, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher, M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 80 Business Park Drive, Armonk, New York 10504. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data D’Anieri, Paul J., 1965– Understanding Ukrainian politics : power, politics, and institutional design / by Paul D’Anieri. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN-13: 978-0-7656-1811-5 (cloth: alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-7656-1811-7 (cloth: alk. paper) 1. Ukraine—Politics and government—1991– 2. Power (Social sciences)—Ukraine. I. Title. JN6635.D365 2006 320.9477—dc22 2006016004 Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z 39.48-1984. ~ BM (c)10987654321 ———— Contents ———— List of Tables, Figure, Appendices, and Maps vii Acknowledgments ix 1. Introduction 3 2. Institutions and Democracy: Questioning the Connections 23 3. Power and Institutions: Overview of the Argument 48 4. The Evolution of Ukrainian Politics, 1989–2006 74 5. Societal Divisions and the Challenge of Liberal Democracy in Ukraine 103 6. The Constitution and Executive-Legislative Relations 125 7. The Electoral Law: Cause or Effect of Weak Parties? 148 8. Parliamentary Rules and Party Development 174 9. How Power Politics Trumps Institutional Design 192 10. Ukraine in Comparative Perspective: Electoral Authoritarianism in the Former Soviet Union and Beyond 215 11. -
Institutional Change, Power, and Political Executives in Ukraine Under the Kuchma Presidency
Studies of Changing Societies: Comparative and Interdisciplinary Focus Vol. 1'(2)2012 SCS Journal INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE, POWER, AND POLITICAL EXECUTIVES IN UKRAINE UNDER THE KUCHMA PRESIDENCY ©Martin Carrier, University of Montreal To assess how and why some institutions may be more efficient in promoting change without disrupting the initial institutional design, this article proposes to analyze the evolution of the power relationship between the political executive in the semi- presidential regime of Ukraine under the presidency of Leonid Kuchma. The analysis of the power relationship between political executives in Ukraine reveals the hazard of understanding the political process solely through institutional lenses. The results show that in this consolidating democracy, executive power is often a function of non-institutional and partisan explanations, and that state weaknesses in its autonomy and capacity are core explanations, since it allows important societal divides, such as ethnic and regional affiliation, and network competition to polarize the political sphere and make political competition between political executives a zero-sum game. Keywords: semipresidentialism, institutional change, institutional design, Ukraine, Kuchma. Traditionally, political scientists interested in institutional change have focused on research questions pertaining to issues of institutional design performance or of determinants of political behavior in selected institutional settings. For instance, a large section of the literature on democratization -
Anders Åslund
Anders Åslund Ukraine: What Went Wrong and How to Fix It Anders Åslund BESET BY RUSSIAN MILITARY AGGRESSION and the legacy from its years of economic mismanagement, Ukraine faces an existential crisis that has also roiled the politics of Europe. Yet there is a glimmer of hope and opportunity for this tormented country. In 2014 Ukraine carried out free and fair elections of a new president and parliament. With this democratic foundation, Ukraine can shape its future and return to economic and political stability. In this book, one of the world’s leading experts on Ukraine offers its new leadership a strategy for reform. Anders Åslund maintains that the country’s fundamental problem is corruption and poor governance, which requires radical reform of the state from the top down. He calls for the cleansing of the judiciary and law enforcement, including the abolition of the many intrusive inspection agencies, which use a regime of licenses, permits, and certifications to squeeze the lifeblood of the economy. The book also advocates cuts in wasteful public expenditures and deregulation to promote growth—but it also calls for international financing spearheaded by the International Monetary Fund. The European UKRAINE Union and the United States must also help. The book focuses extensively on the energy sector, which Åslund argues is the biggest source of top-level corruption and wasteful subsidies and should be reformed with a unified system of energy prices determined by the market, not government. Åslund also details a series of reforms in education and health care. To assure Ukraine’s success, the European Union must assume the role of anchor of the country’s democratic and market economic reforms. -
The Ukrainian Weekly 2005, No.25
www.ukrweekly.com INSIDE:• World Economic Forum Roundtable begins in Kyiv — page 3. • Heifer Project donates dairy cows to aid Zaluchia Orphanage — page 9. • Yonkers plays host to Spring Volleyball Tournament — page 11. Published by the Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternal non-profit association Vol. LXXIII HE KRAINIANNo. 25 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JUNE 19, 2005 EEKLY$1/$2 in Ukraine Our Ukraine People’s Union emerges T U New York state’sW first lady launches as country’s leading political force by Zenon Zawada create the party and nominate its leaders. wheelchair distribution project in Ukraine Kyiv Press Bureau Despite the effective symbols and branding, Our Ukraine was not a political KYIV – With Ukrainians already antic- party, but a coalition of parties that united ipating the critical parliamentary elections under Mr. Yushchenko, who was always in March 2006, the Our Ukraine People’s independent of political parties until now. Union (OUPU) party has emerged as the Once Mr. Yushchenko became presi- nation’s leading political force. dent, it was apparent that a political party Led by President Viktor Yushchenko and under his leadership that retained the Vice Prime Minister for Administrative and widespread recognition and symbolism Territorial Reforms Roman Bezsmertnyi, of Our Ukraine would become an the party has retained all the symbols, extremely influential political organ, Western-oriented ideals and policies that political experts said. the Our Ukraine coalition stood for when The OUPU’s strength is that it appeals leading the Orange Revolution. to an extremely broad segment of the At a June 14 press conference, Mr. -
Ukraine's Party System Evolution: 1990-2017
RAZUMKOV CENTRE UKRAINE’S PARTY SYSTEM EVOLUTION: 1990-2017 The publication is supported by the Ukrainian Office of Konrad Adenauer Foundation 2017 UKRAINE`S PARTY SYSTEM EVOLUTION: 1990-2017 / Edited by Yu.Yakymenko. – Kyiv: Razumkov Сentre, 2017. – p.62 This publication presents an abridged version of the Analytical Report by the Razumkov Centre that examines the emergence and further transformation of Ukraine’s party system in 1990-2017. We have examined key drivers of change at each evolution stage, such as legislation on political parties and elections; political regime; most significant societal cleavages, nature and consequences of their influence; analysed current trends in Ukraine’s party system development. The publication will be useful for everyone interested in post-independence nation-building processes in Ukraine, development of political parties and the party system, experience of political transformations in post-Soviet countries. © Razumkov Centre, 2017 © “Zapovit Publishing House”, 2017 UKRAINE’S PARTY SYSTEM EVOLUTION: 1990-2017 olitical parties are an important institution of a democratic society, P which ensures aggregation and articulation of the interests of various social groups. Interaction among parties in their struggle for power and the exercise of political power by them form a party system. The process of party system formation in Ukraine has been going on for more than 25 years. This publication represents a shortened version of the Razumkov Centre’s report, which examines the fundamental stages of the party system formation in 1990-2017, including intra-party processes, institutional legal and socio-political conditions for their activities and inter-party relations.1 1. STUDY METHODOLOGY The Razumkov Centre’s study uses an approach that combines elements of quantitative and qualitative approaches to the analysis of party system dynamics and takes into account changes of the three following components that define party system and/or affect it. -
REGULATION of POLITICAL PARTIES in UKRAINE: the CURRENT STATE and DIRECTION of REFORMS Ce , Political Party Cial Opinion Ght Against Corruption
THE CURRENT STATEREGULATION AND DIRECTION OF POLITICAL OF REFORMSPARTIES IN UKRAINE: Th e reform of political parties legislation and regulation can act as a platform Denys Kovryzhenko from which to consider a wide array of crucial issues in the development of a stable Agency for Legislative Initiatives and lasting democratic party system. Th ese include, inter alia, political party fi nancing, internal party democracy, the participation of women, registration and monitoring of political parties. In partnership with the OSCE’s Offi ce for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) and with the fi nancial support of the European Union, REGULATION Denys Kovryzhenko and his colleagues at the Agency for Legislative Initiatives (ALI), led an in-depth consultative process with key stakeholders in Ukraine T H E C U R R E N T on the issue of political party legislation reform, raising problems and proposing possible solutions. OF POLITICAL Th e result is Regulation of Political Parties in Ukraine: the Current State and Direction of Reforms, a comprehensive report which thoroughly analyses S T A T E A N D the particular problems and issues in Ukraine’s legislative and regulatory framework for political parties. Looking forward, and based on the results ofthe consultations, the report proposes an agenda for reform based PARTIES on international and European standards and best practice. D I R E C T I O N Th e Agency for Legislative Initiatives (ALI) is one of the leading Ukrainian think tanks. ALI has a 10-year experience in implementing projects aiming I N U K R A I N E at the introduction of policy dialogue practices into the law-making process, ensuring public participation in the legislative process, monitoring ofthe activities O F R E F O R M S of the parliament, studying the principles and problems of Ukrainian parliamentarism, and conducting comparative studies on a variety of subjects, such as election legislation, political parties, and the fi ght against corruption. -
Gwendolyn Brooks
EDITOR'S NOTE Gwendolyn Brooks What shall I give my children? who are poor, Who are adjudged the leastwise of the land, Who are my sweetest lepers, who demand No velvet and no velvety velour... —Annie Allen In Annie Allen as in her other poetry over the last sixty years, Gwendolyn Brooks offers powerful insights into the human experience. In this issue of Humanities we look at the life and work of Brooks, who has been chosen as the 1994 Jefferson Lecturer in the Humanities. She is the twenty-third recipient of the honor, which is the highest Gwendolyn Brooks, 1994 Jefferson Lecturer in award the federal government bestows for distinguished achievement the Humanities. — © 1994 by Jill Krementz in the humanities. Brooks calls Chicago her home. The South Side, where she grew up and still lives, has become her poetic world as well. Vivid characters have come to inhabit it: Satin-Legs Smith in "wonder-suits in yellow Humanities and in wine,/ sarcastic green and zebra-striped cobalt." Gas Cady, "the A bimonthly review published by the man who robbed J. Harrison's grave of mums/ and left the peony bush National Endowment for the Humanities. only because it was too big (said Mama)..." Mary, the gang girl, Chairman: Sheldon Hackney "a rose in a whiskey glass." The sixtyish sisters of the Mecca, Director of Communications Policy: "the twins with the floured faces, who dress in long stiff blackness,/who Gary L. Krull exit stiffly together and enter together/ stiffly,/ muffle their Mahler, finish their tea..." Brooks gives "a view of life," writes Blyden Jackson in Black Poetry in Editor: Mary Lou Beatty Assistant Editors: Constance Burr America, "in which one may see a microscopic portion of the universe Susan Q.