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Home , Alaska Native languages, Aleut language, Athabaskan languages

DOCUMENT RESUME ( RD 124 3§.$ RC 009 256.

AUTHOR Kraass, Michael B., Comp. TITLE Map of ,the Native Peoples andLanguages of . NdTITUTIOU /Alanka'Univ., Fairbanks. Alaska)Native Language Center. ./ PUB DATE 74

NOTE 23p. . AVAILABBE FROM Alaska Native Language Center, University of Ala Fairbanks, Alaska 99701 ($3.50 'plus huddling and mailing)

EDRS PRICE .MF-$0.133 HC-S1,67 Plus Postage. D2scai?Tort\ *Alaska tiies; *American Indian Language9; Bilingual ducation; Elementary Secndary,Education; * Languages; Geographic Location; *Instrudtional Materials; *Ldhguages; Linguistic Patterns; *naps; Post Secondary Education IDENTIFIERS *Alaskp

ABSTRAC , Recommended for use in classrooms (no.specific grade level i assigned) throUghoup Alaska, this base E sized wall map (4 feet by 3 feet) is' color coded (number coded for the ERIC system). to .reflect -the 20 Alaska Natir'languages. Design ting;language dia eci areas and boundaries, this map details the Lan uagerelatiOnships of the four Eskimo languages; the Aleut. Tsimpshii n, Haida. , and Eyak languages; and the Athabascan languages. Two:insets illustr to the spread of Athabascan and Eskimo throughout an designate Alaskan language relationships, popula 'ens, and numbers of . .speakers. A text at the bottom of the map presents a' thumbnail sketch of the Native language' and the present bilingual movement. Since. this map has been disassembled for purposes of E IC reproduction, instructions for reassembling the map are inclu ed. Ordering' -information is also provided. GJC)

0 ****!oc*****44*****************************4***************************** Documents acquired ERIC include many informal unpublishe * * materials not available' other sources. ERIC makes every eff * to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal *

* reproducibility are often encountered -and this affects the quality' * . * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * * via the ERIC Dpcument Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS is not * responsible for the quality of the originaldocument: ReproductiOns * 10:supplied by EDRS are the best that can made from the original. * ***************************444**************************************** S DEPARTMENT DP HEALTH. EDUCATION", WELFARE NIVFRSITY OFA A.SK.A NATIONAL INSTITUTE OP EDUCATION

'HIS DOCUMENT HAS BEENREPRO. OuCE0 EXACTLY AS RECEIVE() 'FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZA'TIONORIGIN A MAI' OF TH ANN& IT POINTS VIEW OROPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILYREPRE NATIVE,PEOPLES AND LANGU S OF ALASKA SENT DEICIAL NOTIONAL INSTITUTE EDUCATION POSITION OR OF 4 POLICY 4

`Compiled by Mi4haeJ . Krauss and produced by the Alaska Nave Language Center a division .of the Centeelor Nort Educ4tional Research

UniVersity of A ska Fairbanks, Alaska) 99701

.1974 /7_

Thisbase E sized wall map (4' is color coded to reflect the. . Listed the -four Eskimo languages, Aleut, Tsimpshian, Haida, Tlingit, Eyak and Athabascan languages. The language areas and boundaries re clearly shown giving an Impression of the relationship betweeqhe languages.

The map al.. shows every Native village and town, with a designation far the present statue of the language, 'There are also two inset: one showing the spread of Athabascan and Eskimo throughout North America, and the other a color key and table of language relationships, populations, and numbers of speakers. There\ia also a text at ,the bottom of the map giving a thumbnail sketch of the general history of the Alaska Native languages and the vresent bilingual movement.

The map is meant to be as informative as`possible and is 4AAJR"' recommended for'use in'Classrooms throughout Alaska as a teaching tool.

In the ERIC system the map is keydd by number rathet than color. ') Full colorcopi / s of the map area available for $3.50 plus postage and mailer costs from the Alaska Native Center.

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PErSSION TO REPRODUCE THIS COPY RIO TED MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY Alaska Native Langdage Center To ERIC AND ORGANIZATIONS OPERATING UNDER AGREEMENTS WITH THE NATIONAL IN STITUTE OF EDUCATION FURTHER REPRO- DUCTION OUTSIDETHE ERIC SYSTEM RE QUIRES PERMISSION OFTHE COPYRIGHT OWNER

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Language Family ii) Table oVLanguage NamesLanguage Groups Popu-lation SpeakingNumber Chaphno EskimoAleut ,Aleut' Aleut 2,000 (400 700 40 U1S/P S I Gambell SugPiaq //: 3,000 1,000 a- '" Eskimo `§iberian CentralYupik Yupik 17,000 1,000 (1200 15,000 1,000 4 800 I Inupiaq 11,000 (18,000(41.000 6,000 41.00017.000 Greenland) ) '"J Tsimshianl . 1,000(8.000 3.500 200Canadg) Haida Haida 1 (1.200500 100 200 Canada) Tlingit talli Tlingit . 9,000 (500 2,000 200 Canada) Atha.baskan-Eyak Eyak 1111111 Eyak 20 R. TanatnaAhtna 600900 200250 I IngalikHolikachuk 300160 100 25 It At ha baskanisiM UpperKoyukonTanana. Kuskokwim 2,200 360150 100700140 171Zt UpperTanacross Tanana 300160 250120 CO) Other:CanadaKutchinHan - 22,000 1,200 (1,200 (few60 20,000 700 500 few20Canada) Canada ) -,Oregon . 15,000 1,000 14.000 50 a Navajo 150,000 145,060) art. Paul X/ of St. Georg 1 ISLANDS O .4o A o -406,41104 - es5 se **9 dad Qa. .10 Wainwright

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,A9 4 4 41 uzinkieleKodiak LandNat 2. nativepopulationsOnlyfollows: native population are village shown. of each An indication of these villagesof the sizeThis and (1974 map towns estimate) shows is given what of the aslanguage is spoken in each native village. and towns with over 10 per cent native ' O Hydaburg 0 venetie',maid, 1501001 100 150 Q ,SelawikBethelHoonah 1000+500250 -- 500 1000 J. generation is also shown,The extent as follows: to which the language has been passed on to the younger > `0 (.11Each Some° 0area Veryof definedthe few children orby none a speakseparate of thethe color languagechildren represents speak athe language languageMost area. or all of the children speak the lAguage _AI relationshipslanguagesdashedImportant lines. shown dialkt between in 'subdivisions similar the langliages, colors. within a languageThe choice are of shown colors by is intended to give an impression of the with related or similar .0.11111

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peoples and . Alaska Native)a-diyision of theLanguage Center for Northern Center Educational Research University of Alaskaes of Ala COIN+ Fairbanks, Alaska -1974Compiled. by Michael E. Krauss . nativeByusingcoming now, 'Nonea languages, ofSlavonic good the of Russians. writing the alphabet. and Alaska books systemsThe The firstnative have first havewritten been languagesAleut been Alaskan printed booksdeveloped werelanguage inwere written forprinted Wasall Alaska inAleut,before Iki. the most of them. languagetheYupik otherAhere (Sugliiaq family, withare Aleut, four AleutialvThere CentralEskimo are Aleut twentyYupik, languages as oneAlaskaand branch,inSiberian Alaska, native and Yupik) languages.three EsIcinio ofand them as the Eskimo-Aleut is one beenlivedcomplex developed in this and area.by regular the.each people grammar Alaska dyer native andthe thousandsenormous language of vocabillaryhas years its own they intricateThis have has beauty, a highly / othernearlyasdifferingdistantly the Inupiaq. extinctother. fromrelateli There Eyak Athabaskaneach to as otherAthabaskanare' finez.Eranch, eleven to -Eyak varying Athabaskan isand anotherianguage anddegrees. E3iak. all the Tlingit Haidalanguages Athabaskan family,is ain completelyinsome languages withAlaska, ways the TheyChildren1900 untilwere were the forced punished1960s, to nativeabandonRecently for speaking languages the their history their language, were native of theseseverely language in languages order suppressed. in to school. has been tragic. From about 'eak acrossmapcompletelydifferent of Canada North langpaige.,,-spokn differat America,and Greenland, language;spoken shows alsoand the ofgreatin Athabaslan'through Canada.mostly spread/Of in Tsimshian Canada. Iiitipiaq Canada, The is Eskimo also inset in a theirBilingualEnglish nativelanguage only. Education In 1972, inbill, school, thegiving Alaska and children also State established the Legislature right tothe use Alaska'Native andp c tivate ' . the Oregon and California,PrintedCopyright and in theinC 1975 Unitedthe by Southwest Statesthe Alaska of America Native ( and Center. Apache). University of Alaska. Fairbanks, Alaska languagesgenerationsimportantLanguage developments and of culturep Alaskans are the taking precious place now heritage to maintain of their for native future Center at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks. Many 41'

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The Eskimo- family has spread far beyond Alaska: Yupik Eskimoto Siberia, lilupiaq Eskimci across intolanguagessmallhaveCanada Canada, also groups to spread Greenland,of Alaskan(nowand far Haida mostly beyond andorigin and more extinct) Alaska, Tsimshianare recently now in through between.mucji (1826)have greaterCanada, spread AleutAs the elsewhere fromevento Table the toCanada Commander ofthe than Mcx-tcanbordet(Navajo into .laa Alaska.Islands, itself. USSR. Morerecently, The and Athabaskan Apache), Tlingit witIseveral has languages spread .LL itigtaase oups shows, tke populations speaking 1111111,146, 4 Prin\ V ce Rupe Port A \ A tirtworlipoi Skidegate