ACFN Shell FINAL TUS April 20, 2011 CLEAN
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Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation Integrated Knowledge and Land Use Report and Assessment for Shell Canadaʼs Proposed Jackpine Mine Expansion and Pierre River Mine April 20, 2011 Craig Candler (Ph.D) and the Firelight Group Research Cooperative with the Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation (ACFN) Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation Integrated Knowledge and Use Report and Assessment for Shell Canada’s Proposed Jackpine Mine Prepared and authored by: Craig Candler (Ph.D) and the Firelight Group Research Cooperative On behalf of: Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation (ACFN) Submitted to: Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation Industry Relations Corporation ACFN Integrated Knowledge and Use Report for JPME and PRM 4/20/2011 Executive Summary This report provides baseline information and impact assessment regarding Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation (ACFN) knowledge and use in the area of two proposed oil sand mines: the Jackpine Mine Expansion (JPME), and the Pierre River Mine (PRM). Eleven individual mapping interviews specific to JPME and PRM were conducted and information from previous studies was integrated. ACFN mapped (site-specific) information include data from approximately 100 interviews conducted with more than 50 ACFN elders and land users. Assessment was based on project footprints and included local study areas (LSAs) within 5km of project footprints, and a larger regional study area (RSA) based on ACFN cultural protection areas (ACFN 2010), and downstream portions of the Athabasca River, including the Athabasca delta. Lands within the LSAs and RSA contain unique and culturally important resources and landscapes that are integral to the practice of ACFN use and knowledge. Maps illustrate ACFN use within, adjacent to, and down stream of the proposed projects. Fifty-five ACFN use values were reported within the JPME LSA including thirteen habitation values, preferred hunting, berry gathering, and fishing sites, trails, and water routes. The JPME LSA also includes a large portion of ACFN trapline RFMA #1714. 45 use values were reported within the PRM LSA including 14 habitation values, hunting sites, fishing sites, important wood bison and moose habitat, and trails and water routes. The PRM LSA includes portions of a historic ACFN trapline. Likely effects are characterized by standard criteria including magnitude and duration. The JPME and PRM projects, either separately or taken together, are considered likely to have significant adverse residual effects on specific ACFN knowledge and use values, including but not limited to effects on use in the vicinity of RFMA #1714, effects on wood bison, and downstream loss of use due to perceived contaminants and effects on the Athabasca River at low flow levels. It is recommended that the proponent, ACFN, and Federal and Provincial Crown undertake a process to ensure adequate quantity and quality of resources exist for the continuation of ACFN knowledge and use into the future. This process should prioritize avoiding and reducing impacts over mitigating them. Where project effects on ACFN knowledge and use cannot be avoided they should be mitigated to below a significant level, as defined in this report, using effective strategies agreeable to the ACFN. If impacts to ACFN knowledge and use cannot be avoided, reduced, or mitigated to below a significant level, then permissions for JPME and PRM should require consent from the Federal and Provincial Crown, and authorized representatives of the ACFN. www.thefirelightgroup.com 3 ACFN Integrated Knowledge and Use Report for JPME and PRM 4/20/2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary .......................................................................................................... 3 List of Figures and Tables................................................................................................. 8 List of Appendices............................................................................................................. 9 Acronyms and Abbreviations .......................................................................................... 10 Section 1: Outline of the Report ..................................................................................... 11 1.1 About the Authors ............................................................................................... 12 1.2 What is a Project Specific Traditional Use Study? .............................................. 13 1.3 Limitations of the Report ..................................................................................... 14 Section 2: The Projects and Existing Studies ............................................................... 15 2.1.1 Jackpine Mine Expansion ............................................................................. 16 2.1.2 Pierre River Mine .......................................................................................... 17 2.1.3 Redclay Compensation Lake ........................................................................ 17 2.1.4 Water Withdrawals ........................................................................................ 17 2.2 Existing Studies................................................................................................... 18 2.2.1 Proponent’s Consideration of ACFN Traditional Knowledge and Land Use Within the Applications ................................................................. 18 2.2.2 Summary of the 2008 ACFN Study for JPME and PRM ............................... 21 Section 3: Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation ............................................................... 24 3.1 Culture and History ............................................................................................. 24 3.2 Treaty 8 and Dené Livelihood ............................................................................. 26 3.3 ACFN Reserves and Traplines ........................................................................... 28 3.4 Population and Demographics ............................................................................ 29 3.5 ACFN Vision and Planning.................................................................................. 31 3.5.1 ACFN Cultural Protection Areas ................................................................... 32 www.thefirelightgroup.com 4 ACFN Integrated Knowledge and Use Report for JPME and PRM 4/20/2011 Section 4: Methods for Baseline Collection and Impact Assessment ............................ 35 4.1 Baseline Collection Methods............................................................................... 35 4.1.1 Identification of Key Valued Components ..................................................... 35 4.1.2 Temporal and Spatial Boundaries................................................................. 37 4.1.3 Interview and Mapping Methods ................................................................... 39 4.1.4 ACFN Baseline Information Sources ............................................................ 40 4.2 Impact Assessment Methods .............................................................................. 42 4.2.1 Valued Components for Assessment............................................................ 42 4.2.2 Temporal and Spatial Boundaries................................................................. 43 4.3 Assessment Methods.......................................................................................... 43 4.3.1 Residual Effects Characterization ................................................................. 43 4.3.2 ACFN Sensitive Receptors ........................................................................... 45 4.3.3 Environmental Consequence ........................................................................ 45 4.3.4 Significance Threshold.................................................................................. 46 4.3.5 Confidence in Predictions ............................................................................. 47 Section 5: JPME Project Baseline and Assessment ...................................................... 48 5.1 Baseline for Site-specific VCs within the JPME LSA and RSA ........................... 48 5.2 Baseline Summary for Non-site-specific VCs Within the JPME LSA and RSA... 53 5.2.1 Water and River values – Quantity ............................................................... 56 5.2.2 Water and River Values – Quality ................................................................. 57 5.2.3 Culturally Important Species – Bison ............................................................ 59 5.2.4 Culturally Important Species – Woodland Caribou and Barren Ground Caribou.......................................................................................................... 59 5.2.5 Culturally Important Species – Migratory Birds ............................................. 61 5.2.6 Culturally Important Species – Plants ........................................................... 61 5.2.7 Access and Enjoyment of ACFN lands – Traplines ...................................... 62 5.2.8 Access and Enjoyment of ACFN Lands – Reserves and Cultural Protection Areas............................................................................................ 62 5.2.9 Intangible Cultural Resources – ACFN Knowledge and Language .............. 64 5.3 Assessment of JPME Project Effects.................................................................. 65 5.3.1 Anticipated JPME Project Effects on Site-specific VCs within the LSA and RSA.......................................................................................................