Coloxyl with Senna Long Term Use
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Model Answer
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION (Autonomous) (ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified) MODEL ANSWER WINTER– 18 EXAMINATION Subject Title: PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-l Subject Code: 0806 ________________________________________________________________________________________ Important Instructions to examiners: 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme. 2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess the understanding level of the candidate. 3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance (Not applicable for subject English and Communication Skills. 4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure. The figures drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for anyequivalent figure drawn. 5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values may vary and there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer. 6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of relevant answer based on candidate’s understanding. 7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent concept. Page no.1/28 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION (Autonomous) (ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified) MODEL ANSWER WINTER– 18 EXAMINATION Subject Title: PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-l Subject Code: 0806 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 ANSWER ANY EIGHT OF THE FOLLOWING. 16M (8x2) 1 a) State any four ideal properties of buffer solution. ANY The pH of buffer solution remains constant. -
Influence of Bowel Preparation Before 18F-FDG PET/CT on Physiologic
Influence of Bowel Preparation Before 18F-FDG PET/CT on Physiologic 18F-FDG Activity in the Intestine Jan D. Soyka1, Klaus Strobel1, Patrick Veit-Haibach1, Niklaus G. Schaefer1, Daniel T. Schmid1, Alois Tschopp2, and Thomas F. Hany1 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; and 2Department for Biostatistics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Our objective was to investigate the use of bowel preparation be- mendations have been made in order to reduce physiologic fore 18F-FDG PET/CT to reduce intestinal 18F-FDG uptake. uptake of 18F-FDG in the intestine or to improve the ability Methods: Sixty-five patients with abdominal neoplasias were to evaluate intestinal structures (5–8). However, no published assigned either to a bowel-preparation group (n 5 26) or to a na- tive group (n 5 39). 18F-FDG activity was measured in the small study has proven that bowel preparation before PET/CT intestine and the colon. Results: In the 26 patients with bowel is beneficial. We therefore conducted a naturally randomized preparation, average maximal standardized uptake value (SUV- and single-blinded study to evaluate the effects of bowel max) was 3.5 in the small intestine and 4.4 in the colon. In the cleansing on intestinal 18F-FDGactivityinPET/CT. 39 patients without bowel preparation, average SUVmax was 2.6 in the small intestine and 2.7 in the colon. 18F-FDG activity im- MATERIALS AND METHODS paired diagnosis in 6 patients (23%) in the bowel-preparation group and 11 patients (28%) in the native group (P 5 0.5). SUV- This prospective, naturally randomized, and single-blinded max in the colon was significantly higher in the bowel-prepara- study was approved by our local ethics committee. -
Laxatives for the Management of Constipation in People Receiving Palliative Care (Review)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UCL Discovery Laxatives for the management of constipation in people receiving palliative care (Review) Candy B, Jones L, Larkin PJ, Vickerstaff V, Tookman A, Stone P This is a reprint of a Cochrane review, prepared and maintained by The Cochrane Collaboration and published in The Cochrane Library 2015, Issue 5 http://www.thecochranelibrary.com Laxatives for the management of constipation in people receiving palliative care (Review) Copyright © 2015 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. TABLE OF CONTENTS HEADER....................................... 1 ABSTRACT ...................................... 1 PLAINLANGUAGESUMMARY . 2 BACKGROUND .................................... 2 OBJECTIVES ..................................... 4 METHODS ...................................... 4 RESULTS....................................... 7 Figure1. ..................................... 8 Figure2. ..................................... 9 Figure3. ..................................... 10 DISCUSSION ..................................... 13 AUTHORS’CONCLUSIONS . 14 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 14 REFERENCES ..................................... 15 CHARACTERISTICSOFSTUDIES . 17 DATAANDANALYSES. 26 ADDITIONALTABLES. 26 APPENDICES ..................................... 28 WHAT’SNEW..................................... 35 HISTORY....................................... 35 CONTRIBUTIONSOFAUTHORS . 36 DECLARATIONSOFINTEREST . 36 SOURCESOFSUPPORT . 36 DIFFERENCES -
3.2.2 Misuse of Stimulant Laxatives
Medicines Adverse Reactions Committee Meeting date 10/06/2021 Agenda item 3.2.2 Title Misuse of stimulant laxatives Submitted by Medsafe Pharmacovigilance Paper type For advice Team Active ingredient Product name Sponsor Bisacodyl Bisacodyl Laxative (Pharmacy Health) PSM Healthcare Limited trading as API tablet Consumer Brands Dulcolax tablet Sanofi-Aventis New Zealand Limited Dulcolax Suppository Sanofi-Aventis New Zealand Limited *Lax-Suppositories Bisacodyl AFT Pharmaceuticals Limited *Lax-Tab tablet AFT Pharmaceuticals Limited Docusate sodium *Coloxyl tablet Pharmacy Retailing (New Zealand) Limited trading as Healthcare Logistics Docusate sodium + Coloxyl with Senna tablet Pharmacy Retailing (New Zealand) sennosides Limited trading as Healthcare Logistics *Laxsol tablet Pharmacy Retailing (New Zealand) Limited trading as Healthcare Logistics Glycerol *Glycerol Suppositories PSM Healthcare Limited trading as API Consumer Brands Sennosides *Senokot tablet Reckitt Benckiser (New Zealand) Limited Sodium picosulfate Dulcolax SP Drops oral solution Sanofi-Aventis New Zealand Limited PHARMAC funding *Pharmaceutical Schedule Lax-Tab tablets, Lax-Suppositories Bisacodyl, Coloxyl tablets and Glycerol Suppositories are fully-funded only on a prescription. Senokot tablets are part- funded. Previous MARC Misuse of stimulant laxatives has not been discussed previously. meetings International action Following a national safety review published in August 2020, the MHRA in the UK has introduced pack size restrictions, revised recommended ages for use -
1: Gastro-Intestinal System
1 1: GASTRO-INTESTINAL SYSTEM Antacids .......................................................... 1 Stimulant laxatives ...................................46 Compound alginate products .................. 3 Docuate sodium .......................................49 Simeticone ................................................... 4 Lactulose ....................................................50 Antimuscarinics .......................................... 5 Macrogols (polyethylene glycols) ..........51 Glycopyrronium .......................................13 Magnesium salts ........................................53 Hyoscine butylbromide ...........................16 Rectal products for constipation ..........55 Hyoscine hydrobromide .........................19 Products for haemorrhoids .................56 Propantheline ............................................21 Pancreatin ...................................................58 Orphenadrine ...........................................23 Prokinetics ..................................................24 Quick Clinical Guides: H2-receptor antagonists .......................27 Death rattle (noisy rattling breathing) 12 Proton pump inhibitors ........................30 Opioid-induced constipation .................42 Loperamide ................................................35 Bowel management in paraplegia Laxatives ......................................................38 and tetraplegia .....................................44 Ispaghula (Psyllium husk) ........................45 ANTACIDS Indications: -
Assessment Report on Cassia Senna L
European Medicines Agency Evaluation of Medicines for Human Use London, 27 April 2007 Doc. Ref. EMEA/HMPC/51868/2006 Corr. COMMITTEE ON HERBAL MEDICINAL PRODUCTS (HMPC) ASSESSMENT REPORT ON CASSIA SENNA L. AND CASSIA ANGUSTIFOLIA VAHL, FOLIUM Herbal substance Cassia senna L. (C. acutifolia Delile) [Alexandrian or Khartoum senna] or Cassia angustifolia Vahl [Tinnevelly senna], folium (senna leaf) or a mixture of the two species Herbal preparation dried leaflets, standardised; standardised herbal preparations thereof Pharmaceutical forms Herbal substance for oral preparation Rapporteur Dr C. Werner Assessor Dr B. Merz Superseded 7 Westferry Circus, Canary Wharf, London, E14 4HB, UK Tel. (44-20) 74 18 84 00 Fax (44-20) 75 23 70 51 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.emea.europa.eu ©EMEA 2007 Reproduction and/or distribution of this document is authorised for non commercial purposes only provided the EMEA is acknowledged TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction 3 II. Clinical Pharmacology 3 II.1 Pharmacokinetics 3 II.1.1 Phytochemical characterisation 3 II.1.2 Absorption, metabolism and excretion 4 II.1.3 Progress of action 5 II.2 Pharmacodynamics 5 II.2.1 Mode of action 5 • Laxative effect 5 II.2.2 Interactions 7 III. Clinical Efficacy 7 III.1 Dosage 7 III.2 Clinical studies 8 III.2.1 Constipation 8 III.2.2 Irritable bowel syndrome 10 III.2.3 Bowel cleansing 11 III.3 Clinical studies in special populations 15 III.3.1 Use in children 15 III.3.2 Use during pregnancy and lactation 16 III.4 Traditional use 17 IV. -
Randomized Controlled Trial of a Natural Food-Based Fiber Solution to Prevent Constipation in Postoperative Spine Fusion Patients
1.5 ANCC Contact Hours Randomized Controlled Trial of a Natural Food-Based Fiber Solution to Prevent Constipation in Postoperative Spine Fusion Patients Deborah Wittig-Wells ▼ Pam Sapp ▼ Melinda Higgins ▼ Erica Davis ▼ Jessica Carter ▼ Ani Jacob BACKGROUND: Constipation after orthopaedic surgery orthopaedic surgery occurs frequently, likely due to a occurs frequently, likely due to a combination of high levels combination of high levels of opioid medications for of opioid medications for severe pain management and severe pain management and mobility limitations after mobility limitations after surgery. It can result in serious surgery (Ross-Adjie, Monterosso, & Bulsara, 2015). complications, increased cost, and patient discomfort. Although constipation may be considered mild and PURPOSE: This study evaluated a natural food-based fiber self-limiting, it can increase the length of hospital stay and increase financial burdens for both the patient and the in- solution to prevent constipation in postoperative orthopae- stitution. Constipation may lead to significant morbidity dic patients. and, in rare cases, death (Davies et al., 2008). Reported METHODS: A posttest control group-randomized study rates of constipation in postoperative orthopaedic patients design was used. Dependent variables were presence of are between 40% and 60% (Park, Kim, Yun, & Yu, 2016; postoperative constipation, time to first bowel movement Ross-Adjie et al., 2015). Because constipation frequently (BM), and total number of postoperative BMs. Descriptive occurs in the postoperative orthopaedic population, pre- statistics, Student’s t tests, and Mann–Whitney nonparamet- vention and treatment of constipation are essential. ric 2-group tests with chi-square analysis were used. Level Dietary fiber is thought to improve gastrointestinal of significance for all tests was p < .05. -
Oral Lactulose Vs. Polyethylene Glycol for Bowel Preparation in Colonoscopy: a Randomized Controlled Study
Open Access Original Article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14363 Oral Lactulose vs. Polyethylene Glycol for Bowel Preparation in Colonoscopy: A Randomized Controlled Study Jagdeep Jagdeep 1 , Gaurish Sawant 1 , Pawan Lal 1 , Lovenish Bains 1 1. Department of Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, IND Corresponding author: Lovenish Bains, [email protected] Abstract Background Colonoscopy is the method of choice to evaluate colonic mucosa and the distal ileum, allowing the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. Appropriate bowel preparation necessitates the use of laxative medications, preferentially by oral administration. These include polyethylene glycol (PEG), sodium picosulfate, and sodium phosphate (NaP). Lactulose, a semi-synthetic derivative of lactose, undergoes fermentation, acidifying the gut environment, stimulates intestinal motility, and increases osmotic pressure within the lumen of the colon. Methods In this prospective randomized controlled study, we analyzed 40 patients who presented with symptomatic bleeding per rectum and underwent bowel preparation either with lactulose or polyethylene glycol for colonoscopy. The quality of bowel preparation and other variables like palatability, discomfort, and electrolyte levels were analyzed. Results The majority of the patients (90%) were comfortable with the taste of lactulose solution, whereas the PEG group patients (55%) were equally divided on its palatability. On lactulose consumption, 40% of patients reported nausea/vomiting and around 10% of patients complained of abdominal discomfort. Serum sodium levels showed insignificant changes from 4.33 ± 0.07 mEq/L to 4.21 ± 0.18 mEq/L while potassium also remained similar from 4.26 ± 0.03 mEq/L to 4.22 ± 0.17 mEq/L. The mean Boston Bowel Preparation Score (BBPS) in patients who received lactulose solution was 6.25 ± 0.786 and in those who received PEG solution, it was 6.35 ± 0.813 (P-value = 0.59). -
Estonian Statistics on Medicines 2016 1/41
Estonian Statistics on Medicines 2016 ATC code ATC group / Active substance (rout of admin.) Quantity sold Unit DDD Unit DDD/1000/ day A ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM 167,8985 A01 STOMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS 0,0738 A01A STOMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS 0,0738 A01AB Antiinfectives and antiseptics for local oral treatment 0,0738 A01AB09 Miconazole (O) 7088 g 0,2 g 0,0738 A01AB12 Hexetidine (O) 1951200 ml A01AB81 Neomycin+ Benzocaine (dental) 30200 pieces A01AB82 Demeclocycline+ Triamcinolone (dental) 680 g A01AC Corticosteroids for local oral treatment A01AC81 Dexamethasone+ Thymol (dental) 3094 ml A01AD Other agents for local oral treatment A01AD80 Lidocaine+ Cetylpyridinium chloride (gingival) 227150 g A01AD81 Lidocaine+ Cetrimide (O) 30900 g A01AD82 Choline salicylate (O) 864720 pieces A01AD83 Lidocaine+ Chamomille extract (O) 370080 g A01AD90 Lidocaine+ Paraformaldehyde (dental) 405 g A02 DRUGS FOR ACID RELATED DISORDERS 47,1312 A02A ANTACIDS 1,0133 Combinations and complexes of aluminium, calcium and A02AD 1,0133 magnesium compounds A02AD81 Aluminium hydroxide+ Magnesium hydroxide (O) 811120 pieces 10 pieces 0,1689 A02AD81 Aluminium hydroxide+ Magnesium hydroxide (O) 3101974 ml 50 ml 0,1292 A02AD83 Calcium carbonate+ Magnesium carbonate (O) 3434232 pieces 10 pieces 0,7152 DRUGS FOR PEPTIC ULCER AND GASTRO- A02B 46,1179 OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GORD) A02BA H2-receptor antagonists 2,3855 A02BA02 Ranitidine (O) 340327,5 g 0,3 g 2,3624 A02BA02 Ranitidine (P) 3318,25 g 0,3 g 0,0230 A02BC Proton pump inhibitors 43,7324 A02BC01 Omeprazole -
Constpation Refworks
Guidelines for Management of Idiopathic Childhood Constipation Introduction • Constipation is common in childhood affecting up to 30% of the child population. Symptoms become chronic in more than one third of patients and constipation is a common reason for referral to secondary care. • ‘Idiopathic Constipation’ refers to constipation not explained by anatomical or physiological abnormalities. • A NICE guideline entitled ‘Diagnosis and management of idiopathic childhood constipation in primary and secondary care’ was published in 2010 and the RHSC paediatric department endorses its approach. Key steps are to: 1) Identify symptoms of constipation and faecal impaction through history and physical examination 2) Recognise features in history / examination indicative of alternative underlying pathology (termed red and amber flags) 3) Provide advice on diagnosis 4) Prescribe and supervise a disimpaction regimen (where evidence of faecal impaction exists) followed by a sustained course of maintenance laxative therapy. Lothian Guideline • Click on icons for quick link to our simple to use xxx YYY iiiii flow chart formulary referral checklist. • Referrals will not be accepted without evidence of use of the above guidance. • We have provided worked examples of common scenarios encountered in primary care (Figure 4). • Finally please see our links to other useful resources (Figure 5). Click b to return to top Lothian Guideline for Management of Idiopathic Childhood Constipation. Take a history - 2 or more from the following indicate that the child is constipated: • <3 stools per week............................................................................................................................ (type 3 or 4, see Bristol Stool Form Scale) Note - this does not apply to breast fed babies over 6wks who may stool less frequently. • Large stools that block the toilet or 'rabbit dropping' type 1 stool (see Bristol Stool Form Scale) • Overflow soiling (very loose, smelly stool passed without sensation) • Poor appetite that improves with passage of large stool. -
WO 2017/066488 Al
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date W O 2017/066488 A l 2 0 April 2017 (20.04.2017) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every A61K 31/485 (2006.01) A61P 25/04 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, A61K 31/5415 (2006.01) A61P 1/08 (2006.01) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, (21) International Application Number: DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, PCT/US20 16/0569 10 HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, EST, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, (22) International Filing Date: KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, 13 October 2016 (13.10.201 6) MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, (25) Filing Language: English SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, (26) Publication Language: English TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: 62/240,965 13 October 2015 (13. 10.2015) US (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every 62/300,014 25 February 2016 (25.02.2016) US kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, (71) Applicant: CHARLESTON LABORATORIES, INC. -
I NDA/BLA Multi-Disciplinary Review and Evaluation
NDA 021200 S015 Zelnorm (tegaserod) NDA/BLA Multi-Disciplinary Review and Evaluation Application Type sNDA Application Number(s) 021200, s015 Priority or Standard Standard Submit Date(s) 2/26/2018 Received Date(s) 2/26/2018 PDUFA Goal Date 12/26/2018 Division/Office DGIEP/ODE III Review Completion Date 3/22/2019 Established/Proper Name Tegaserod Maleate (Proposed) Trade Name Zelnorm Pharmacologic Class Serotonin (5-HT4) receptor agonist Applicant Sloan Pharma S.a.r.l, Bertrange, Cham Branch Authorized US Agent: US WorldMed, LLC Dosage form Oral tablets Applicant proposed Dosing 6 mg twice daily Regimen Applicant Proposed Treatment of women less than 65 years with irritable bowel Indication(s)/Population(s) syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). (Proposed contraindications: history of myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack, or angina, and more than one cardiovascular risk factor: hypertension, tobacco use, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, age ≥55 years, and obesity). Recommendation on Approval Regulatory Action Recommended Treatment of adult women less than 65 years of age with irritable Indication(s)/Population(s) bowel syndrome with constipation (if applicable) (Contraindication: history of myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack, or angina). Recommended Dosing 6 mg twice daily Regimen i Reference ID: 4407897 NDA 021200 S015 Zelnorm (tegaserod) Table of Contents Reviewers of Multi-Disciplinary Review and Evaluation .............................................. 1 Glossary ........................................................................................................................