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1 1 Brain and Cranial Nerves

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1 1 Brain and Cranial Nerves 1 1 Brain and cranial nerves 3 19 3 16 5 4 9 18 18 7 12 2 5 16 11 15 15 8 1 14 9 17 13 12 a 17 1 10 1 14 14 c 3 Brain, 3D CT angiogram. (a) Lateral. (b) Occipitomental. (c) 4 Circle of Willis. 6 2 5 5 7 8 13 18 12 15 16 1 1 14 17 14 b For labels see page 4. 2 Vessels of the brain 3 16 16 3 6 5 7 5 8 9 12 12 1 14 15 15 14 1 b a 3 4 2 3 5 7 5 2 7 8 4 11 13 8 12 9 1 1 1 1 12 14 10 c Brain, 3D CT angiogram. (a) Lateral. (b) Sagittal (posterolateral). (c) Occipitomental. (d) Circle of Willis. d For labels see page 4. Vessels of the brain 3 3 5 3 2 6 2 5 7 15 1 b 1 a 3 3 5 4 11 2 6 1 5 7 16 12 15 14 1 c Brain, MR angiogram. (a) Sagittal rotation view. (b) Lateral view. (c) Coronal view. (d) Axial view. d For labels see page 4. 4 Vessels of the brain 3 3 4 4 6 2 7 2 5 8 12 1 12 13 1 14 14 b a 10 9 3 14 12 4 1 6 2 2 5 7 8 3 12 1 d 14 c Brain, MR angiogram. (a) Axial. (b) Frontal. (c) Frontal. (d) Cranial. 1. Internal carotid artery 7. MCA genu (bifurcation) 14. Vertebral artery 2. Horizontal (A1) anterior cerebral artery 8. Precommunicating (P1) posterior cerebral 15. Maxillary artery (ACA) segment artery (PCA) segment 16. Superficial temporal artery 3. Vertical (A2) ACA segment 9. Ambient (P2) PCA segment 17. External carotid artery 4. Anterior communicating artery 10. Quadrigeminal (P3) PCA segment 18. Carotid siphon 5. Horizontal (M1) middle cerebral artery 11. Posterior communicating artery 19. Superior and inferior terminal branches of (MCA) segment 12. Basilar artery middle cerebral artery 6. Insular (M2) MCA segment 13. Superior cerebellar artery Numbers 1–19 are common to pages 1–4. Vessels of the brain 5 1 2 11 5 3 4 13 10 8 6 7 9 a 1 11 3 4 8 6 9 7 b 3D CT venograms (a-f). (a) Left lateral view. (b) Left posterolateral view. For labels see page 6. 6 Vessels of the brain 1 1 2 3 4 3 11 12 5 4 8 13 8 6 6 7 9 7 9 c e 1 1 2 12 8 13 3 11 6 4 8 6 6 12 13 7 7 10 7 9 d f 3D CT venograms. (c) Right posterolateral view. (d) Anteroposterior view. (e) Right lateral view. (f) Left posterolateral view. 1. Superior sagittal sinus 6. Transverse sinus 11. Internal cerebral vein 2. Bridging vein 7. Sigmoid sinus 12. Superior petrosal sinus 3. Great cerebral vein (of Galen) 8. Confluence of sinuses (torcular Herophili) 13. Cavernous sinus 4. Straight sinus 9. Internal jugular vein 5. Sphenoparietal sinus 10. Superior jugular bulb Numbers 1–13 are common to pages 5–6. Brain 7 1. Parotid duct 23 2. Masseter muscle Parotid gland 21 31 3. (superficial lobe) 4. Ramus of mandible 15 32 22 39 5. Pinna of ear 25 27 28 6. Retromandibular vein 19 2 33 7. Sternocleidomastoid muscle 34 20 1 18 4 18 8. Parotid gland (deep 19 36 37 42 lobe) Internal jugular vein 3 6 40 9. 13 35 8 11 10. Mastoid process 41 9 12 11. Internal carotid 5 24 artery 10 30 16 47 7 12. Occipital condyle 14 13. Longus capitis muscle 45 26 14. Foramen magnum 15. Hard palate 56 16. Vertebral artery 17 17. Occipital emissary a 46 vein 18. Medial pterygoid b muscle 19. Lateral pterygoid 61 muscle 62 Lateral pterygoid 48 61 20. 64 62 plate 65 48 21. Incisive foramen 50 74 68 63 22. Inferior concha 23. Nasal septum 50 24. Medulla oblongata 51 37 25. Tooth bony socket 57 67 49 66 26. Cerebellar tonsil 59 60 43 27. Coronoid process of 52 58 73 mandible 38 54 53 70 28. Temporalis muscle 44 55 29. Folia of cerebellar 69 hemisphere 30. Spinal cord 31. Nasolacrimal duct 29 32. Zygomatic arch 33. Mandibular condyle 34. Medial pterygoid 17 72 plate 71 c Brain, axial T2- weighted MR images, from inferior d to superior. 35. Contents of jugular foramen 49. Middle temporal gyrus 63. Lateral rectus muscle 36. Petrous temporal bone 50. Sphenoid sinus 64. Retro- orbital fat 37. Internal carotid artery 51. Temporal lobe 65. Temporalis muscle 38. Mastoid cells 52. Pons 66. Internal carotid artery (cavernous part) 39. Maxillary sinus (antrum) 53. Middle cerebellar peduncle 67. Body of sphenoid 40. Cochlea 54. Flocculonodular lobe of cerebellum 68. Medial rectus muscle 41. Posterior semicircular canal 55. Fourth ventricle 69. Superior cerebellar peduncle 42. Clivus 56. Cisterna magna 70. Superior semicircular canal 43. Basilar artery 57. Facial nerve (CNVII) 71. Calcarine cortex of occipital lobe 44. Labyrinthine artery 58. Vestibulocochlear nerve (CNVIII) 72. Torcular Herophili (confluence of sinuses) 45. Inferior cerebellar vermis 59. Internal acoustic meatus 73. Petroclinoid ligament 46. Inion (internal occipital protuberance) 60. Cerebellopontine angle 74. Optic nerve (CNII) 47. Foramen of Luschka 61. Lens 48. Ethmoid cells 62. Vitreous humour 8 Brain 21 7 1 22 2 8 4 3 20 6 23 27 18 10 26 28 9 13 11 25 24 19 29 33 12 14 31 17 32 34 14 30 5 35 15 15 16 16 a b 47 39 36 46 40 40 37 48 41 43 42 45 44 15 38 38 16 c d Brain, axial T2- weighted MR images, from inferior to superior. 1. Lens 17. Inferior colliculus 33. Interpeduncular cistern 2. Vitreous humour 18. Sylvian fissure (lateral sulcus) 34. Cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius) 3. Lateral rectus muscle 19. Temporal horn of lateral ventricle 35. Folia of cerebellum 4. Medial rectus muscle 20. Superior rectus muscle 36. Insular gyri 5. Superior cerebellar vermis 21. Frontal sinus 37. Cerebral peduncle 6. Optic nerve (CNII) 22. Crista galli 38. Occipital horn of lateral ventricle 7. Infundibulum of frontal sinus 23. Olfactory tract 39. Anterior commissure 8. Lacrimal gland 24. Suprasellar cistern 40. Third ventricle 9. Pituitary gland 25. Bifurcation of internal carotid artery 41. Posterior commissure 10. Internal carotid artery (supraclinoid part) 26. Middle cerebral artery 42. Pineal gland 11. Uncus of temporal lobe 27. Anterior communicating artery 43. Trigone of lateral ventricle 12. Hippocampus 28. Optic chiasm 44. Basal vein (of Rosenthal) 13. Ambient cistern 29. Basilar artery bifurcation 45. Internal cerebral vein (of Galen) 14. Posterior cerebral artery 30. Quadrigeminal cistern 46. Claustrum 15. Straight sinus 31. Midbrain (mesencephalon) 47. Anterior cerebral artery 16. Superior sagittal sinus 32. Superior colliculus 48. Thalamus Brain 9 25 1 13 14 12 15 6 18 10 26 5 7 8 11 4 9 22 27 210 3 19 19 20 23 16 21 17 24 a b 29 28 33 28 32 43 34 44 35 31 37 39 38 41 32 40 42 25 30 c 36 d Brain, axial T2- weighted MR images, from inferior to superior. 1. Interhemispheric fissure 16. Optic radiation 31. Body (atrium) of lateral ventricle 2. Posterior limb of internal capsule 17. Forceps major 32. Corona radiata 3. Thalamus 18. Genu of corpus callosum 33. Outer table of calvaria 4. Posterior commissure 19. Choroidal vessels 34. Diploë 5. Head of caudate nucleus 20. Splenium of corpus callosum 35. Inner table of calvaria 6. Frontal horn of lateral ventricle 21. Inferior sagittal sinus 36. Arachnoid granulation 7. Anterior limb of internal capsule 22. Temporal lobe 37. Precentral gyrus 8. Globus pallidus 23. Parietal lobe 38. Central sulcus (of Rolando) 9. Putamen 24. Occipital lobe 39. Postcentral gyrus 10. External capsule 25. Superior sagittal sinus 40. Grey matter 11. Body of caudate nucleus 26. Cingulate gyrus 41. White matter 12. Callosomarginal artery 27. Choroid plexus 42. Falx cerebri 13. Frontopolar artery 28. Anterior cerebral artery 43. Middle cerebral artery (second order 14. Frontal lobe 29. Cortical vein branch) 15. Forceps minor 30. Calvaria 44. Centrum semiovale 10 Brain 14 13 13 5 5 31 31 21 21 29 48 30 25 30 25 54 20 55 3 50 23 20 11 40 4 26 57 58 8 57 43 7 58 59 44 52 59 28 47 19 10 4 36 49 4 62 60 35 10 61 38 18 15 56 2 39 45 a 12 b 12 17 16 16 6 32 24 6 46 42 42 51 37 22 22 41 53 27 53 10 34 34 9 1 33 c d Brain, sagittal T2- weighted MR images. 1. Alveolar ridge 21. Genu of corpus callosum 42. Orbital cortex of frontal lobe 2. Anterior arch of atlas (first cervical 22. Globe 43. Pituitary gland vertebra) 23. Great cerebral vein (of Galen) 44. Pons 3. Anterior cerebral artery 24. Head of caudate nucleus 45. Posterior arch of atlas 4. Basilar artery 25. Massa intermedia 46. Superior rectus 5. Body of corpus callosum 26. Inferior colliculus 47. Spheno-occipital synchondrosis 6. Body of lateral ventricle 27. Inferior rectus muscle 48. Splenium of corpus callosum 7. Superior medullary velum 28. Internal carotid artery (in cavernous 49. Superior cerebellar peduncle 8. Cerebellar folia sinus) 50. Superior colliculus 9. Cerebellar hemisphere 29. Internal cerebral vein 51. Sylvian fissure (lateral sulcus) 10. Cerebellum 30. Interventricular foramen (of Monro) 52. Tegmentum of pons 11. Cerebral peduncle 31. Lateral ventricle 53.
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