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Free PDF Download ARCHAEOLOGY SOUTHWEST CONTINUE ON TO THE NEXT PAGE FOR YOUR magazineFREE PDF (formerly the Center for Desert Archaeology) is a private 501 (c) (3) nonprofit organization that explores and protects the places of our past across the American Southwest and Mexican Northwest. We have developed an integrated, conservation- based approach known as Preservation Archaeology. Although Preservation Archaeology begins with the active protection of archaeological sites, it doesn’t end there. We utilize holistic, low-impact investigation methods in order to pursue big-picture questions about what life was like long ago. As a part of our mission to help foster advocacy and appreciation for the special places of our past, we share our discoveries with the public. This free back issue of Archaeology Southwest Magazine is one of many ways we connect people with the Southwest’s rich past. Enjoy! Not yet a member? Join today! Membership to Archaeology Southwest includes: » A Subscription to our esteemed, quarterly Archaeology Southwest Magazine » Updates from This Month at Archaeology Southwest, our monthly e-newsletter » 25% off purchases of in-print, in-stock publications through our bookstore » Discounted registration fees for Hands-On Archaeology classes and workshops » Free pdf downloads of Archaeology Southwest Magazine, including our current and most recent issues » Access to our on-site research library » Invitations to our annual members’ meeting, as well as other special events and lectures Join us at archaeologysouthwest.org/how-to-help In the meantime, stay informed at our regularly updated Facebook page! 300 N Ash Alley, Tucson AZ, 85701 • (520) 882-6946 • [email protected] • www.archaeologysouthwest.org TM Archaeology Southwest Volume 25, Number 3 Center for Desert Archaeology Summer 2011 Imaging the Past: Places of Meaning, Moments of Wonder Adriel Heisey GREW UP IN A LAND cloaked in verdure, where time and the elements have long since softened every bold edge, so the desert’s nakedness will always turn my head. Even now, after living here a quarter century, when I fly through this landI laid bare by climate and natural processes, my low aerial immersion in its relentless exposure can soon overwhelm my senses. But it also can activate © Adriel Heisey deep impulses. When I moved from the Cumberland Valley of Pennsyl- vania to the high desert of the Colorado Plateau, I was ripe for a new relationship with the land. In truth, that is why I came here. I had two tools at hand for meeting the challenge: flying and photog- raphy. The flying was occupation- al; I had chosen the life of a pro- fessional pilot because I wanted to be in the sky more than anything else, and routinely. The photogra- phy was for love—love of seeing and love of images. I learned it on my own, by doing it, and that makes its rewards all the sweeter. Together, these skills brought me into an encounter with a land Pueblo Bonito and Threatening Rock, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. The builders of the great house unlike anything my early life had shored up the rock at its base to prevent its collapse. The pillar did not topple onto the pueblo until prepared me for: the closest exam- 1941. ination through a magnifying glass all the way up to the omniscient earthward gaze of satellites reveal countless stories encrypted in the surface of the desert. My low aerial explorations energized my latent passion for deciphering and inter- preting these stories, and proved to be a perfect middle ground between the magnifying glass and the satellite. Going on a flight, whether as pilot or as passenger, is a time for temporarily leaving behind pedestrian concerns and contemplating context. Even in a purely physical sense, flying is transcendence. And if one is inclined to go beyond the utilitarian, then to go aloft is truly to enter a world of wonder. I will admit this without apology: I am drawn to wonder. It is the engine of my enterprise. To the extent that we seek transcendence—by lifestyle choices for personal longevity, by having children, by consider- ing seventh-generation sustainability—we also confront the brevity and triviality of our own individual existence. This is not necessarily an undesirable encounter. When we feel rejuvenated after time spent, say, hiking a canyon, surely one element of our renewal is Archaeology Southwest the full contact with natural systems that contain, support, and ultimately minimize the is a Quarterly Publication of the importance of our lives. Center for Desert Archaeology people who visit a Chacoan great house, Adriel Heisey © for example, the most common train of thought might be: So many people must have lived here in its heyday, and yet they’re gone. How old is this building? A thousand years? Will anyone a thousand years from now even know that I existed, let alone know anything about who I was? I photograph archaeological sites from the air because both the experience and the resulting images bring torrents of thoughts like these, and more. Coming from the sky to a place of an- cient human endeavor, finding it situated in the larger landscape, bearing relationship to a broad array of landforms, landmarks, and resources—this experience touches me Adriel Heisey © profoundly, as though I am meeting not only the individual, but also the extended family, clan, and tribe. As a pilot who flies every day from one contemporary com- munity to another, crossing over countless others in between, I am only too familiar with the face of our civilization on the landscape. To know where the old places are, what they look like, and a measure of what scientific and ethnographic investiga- tion has revealed about them, reins in the primacy of our own presence and adds pre- cious depth to our understanding of place. This issue’s authors seek to under- stand and convey past, place, human life, and the complex relationships among these Top: Pottery Mound (right-center), twelve miles west of the fertile Rio Grande Valley, New through images from above, beneath, and Mexico. Home to a large village in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the place has become beyond. Some of these images have been so barren that the site is threatened by severe downcutting and lateral erosion of the Rio Puerco, created through the authors’ own work, a watercourse that was once the lifeblood of a thriving community. Bottom: Geoglyph south and some were created in the early days of of Casa Grande, Arizona. Surface artifacts confirm the prehistoric age of this feature, which aerial photography. Some are virtual, some rests in a Sonoran Desert playa that, in turn, dates to the Pleistocene Epoch, 1.8 million to 11,000 years ago. Its purpose, creators, and exact age are unknown, but it is still watching the are actual; some are resonant, some are sky unblinkingly in the twenty-first century. static; all are, in some way, being preserved against the disintegrations we can predict. I have two reliable triggers of this at once humbling Obviously, the landscape as we know it won’t last for- and validating experience: geology and archaeology. Ge- ever, nor will archaeological ruins, nor will these images ology has this effect because it is an encounter with deep we create, nor will we. Our time scales are vastly differ- time and planetary scale. There is nothing quite like the ent, but our ultimate fate is the same. Yet, if we continue bracing gusts of sobriety that hit when we begin to glimpse to pry open the seals of our inherent ignorance with the our place in the scheme of things. tools native to our evolving brains, we find ever-growing Archaeology does this, too, but on a much more hu- webs of connection. To fly, to photograph, and to share is man scale. If we were able to do a quantitative analysis of my way of animating the webs with wonder and coming the pensive silence that descends on most non-native lay to terms with a naked land, laden with stories. Page 2 Archaeology Southwest Volume 25, Number 3 Imaging with Ground-penetrating Radar Lawrence B. Conyers, University of Denver North Depression RCHAEOLOGISTS WORKING in the Ameri- can Southwest have long appreciated the poten- room block tialA of geophysics for locating, mapping, and under- 25 standing the buried cultural materials that historically 20 have been found through surface surveys, random high shovel tests, and backhoe trenching. A method called amplitudes 15 ground-penetrating radar (GPR) enables us to readily detect stone walls, stone or compacted earth founda- 10 tions, and clay or compact earth floors. As such, GPR 50-75 cm depth may transform the way sites are discovered, mapped, 5 and interpreted. GPR works by reflecting radar pulses off of buried 0 materials and then placing them in three-dimensional 0 5 10 2015 25 30 space. Data are usually collected in parallel transects 25 spaced fifty centimeters apart in grids of up to 100 by 100 meters. Reflections are processed into two-dimen- 20 sional vertical profiles and plan-view maps, which low 15 produce images of the location and strength of the re- amplitudes flections. Some buried features made of stone or compacted 10 clay, such as those commonly found on the Colorado 75-100 cm depth Plateau, are very reflective to radar waves. These pro- 5 duce high-amplitude reflections that are identifiable in 0 two-dimensional GPR reflection profiles and in am- 0 5 15 20 30 plitude slice-maps, which are analogous to excavation levels. In the Hohokam area of southern Arizona, how- kiva wall pithouse floor ever, buried architecture is usually made of the same A horizontal amplitude slice-map from a large, circular depression at a site in earth as its surrounding matrix, so it does not produce Comb Wash, Utah.
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