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Procjena Ekološki Prihvatljivog Protoka Za Rijeke Trebižat I Vrbanja

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Procjena Ekološki Prihvatljivog Protoka Za Rijeke Trebižat I Vrbanja ŽIVJETI NERETVU, K EU STANDARDIMA U SLIVU NERETVE, BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA LIVING NERETVA. TOWARDS EU STANDARDS IN THE NERETVA RIVER BASIN, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA FAZA III Radna grupa za ekološki prihvatlji protok PROCJENA EKOLOŠKI PRIHVATLJIVOG PROTOKA ZA RIJEKE TREBIŽAT I VRBANJA June 2009 PROJEKT: ŽIVJETI NERETVU (LIVING NERETVA), K EU STANDARDIMA U SLIVU NERETVE, BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA FAZA III Radna grupa za ekološki prihvatlji protok PROCJENA EKOLOŠKI PRIHVATLJIVOG PROTOKA ZA RIJEKE TREBIŽAT I VRBANJA Financirano od: Norveško ministarstvo vanjskih poslova Projekt izvodi: WWF Mediterranean Programme Office u suradnji sa WWF Norway. Project leader, Living Neretva: Branko Vučijak, Ph.D. Expert leader, WFD-WG1: Nataša Smolar-Žvanut, Ph.D. EKSPERTNA GRUPA: • Anđelka Mijatović • Dragana Đokić • Esena Kupusović • Irena Zarić • Nijaz Zerem • Sabina Hadžiahmetović • Snežana Winterfeld • Zlatko Grizelj EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report is the direct follow up of the second phase of the Living Neretva project and embodies the work of a group of national experts led by an expert in environmental flow. To provide the necessary expertise for environmental flow calculation, two groups of experts: BiH and R Srbska were selected, both including experts in hydrology, hydromorphology and hydrogeology, biology and chemistry. The main aims of this project were: • to test the selected 4 different methodologies for the calculation of the environmental flow (EF) in a selected pilot area of Neretva, the river Trebižat and in the selected pilot area the river Vrbanja;. • to increase the capacity of a selected number of experts on environmental flow assessment; • to collect data on river hydromorphology, ecology, river use, and river pollution; • to develop recommendations for the preparation of relevant sub-laws on environmental flow, as required by BiH Water Laws (art. 62 Water Law FBiH, art. 65 Water Law RS. The team used procedures for determining environmental flow on a section of the river, that consists of the following steps: - Collection of data on river (pressures and influences, identification and assessment of river and of appropriate eco system); - Establishing EF goal; - Evaluation of EF by the different methods; - Identification of critical parameters; - Identification of the value of the river to preserve; For assessing the environmental flow, in addition to methods used in BiH practice (minimum mean monthly flow of 95% of probability appear QEF, 95%), methods that are used in practice in neighboring countries were selected, too. Thus, the selected method of mean minimum flow QEF, MNQ (MNQ method, used in Croatia), and the guaranteed environmental flow QEF, GEP (GEP method, present in Serbia). Proposal of Slovenian method QEF, SLO was chosen as a method from the nearest EU country, and, finally, Matthey method of determining QEF, MAT, was selected as one of the "fast" method. All of these belong to the so-called hydrological methods. For all methods gaps, advantages and disadvantages are presented. Chosen research area is a part of the complex river Tihaljina- Mlade -Trebizat, that represents one of the few surface karst river in western Herzegovina. Complexity of hydrodynamic characteristics of flow in karst, expressed artificial influences, as well as expressed the natural beauty of this region, are the basic reasons for the choice of investigative areas in the basin Trebizat. After touring the Trebizat catchment and in accordance with available data, in the previous phase of the project, this river was selected for assessing environmentally acceptable flow. Selected part of the river is from the source Tihaljina (gauging station Pec Mlini upstream-source) to the Grabovo vrelo (gaugin station Grabovo I vrelo, river Mlade). Total length of the section is about 16 km, with difference in altitude between the stations about 44 m. Data on average daily flows at four gauge stations (HS Pec Mlini upstream / source and HS Pec Mlini downstream on the river Tihaljina and HS Klobuk and HS Grabovo vrelo on the Mlade), taken from the hydrological study Tihaljina-Mlade-Trebizat, were used as a basis for calculation of hydrological parameters needed. In order to compare results, we adopted the common period of 1975-1987 was adopted for all calculations. After the obtained results, comparison is done. Taking into account that all the selected methods for the EPP assessment are based only on hydrological parameters, critical parameters in relation to habitat requests have been adopted, too: minimum flow at which the requirements in relation to the minimum speed required (vmean = 0.3 m / s) and mean depth (hmean= 0.2 m) are met in the profile with the requirement in relation to the depth and demand in relation to the speed may be critical parameters for the preservation of habitat for numerous fish species. In the period from 15th April 2009 to 14th May 2009 three series of hydrometric measurement were done at cross sections of four mentioned stations along the river Tihaljina –Mlade – Trebizat. The aim was also to investigate the relationships between the parameters: water depth and flow, and water velocity and flow at the cross sections. Field work obtained geodetic measurement of the river cross sections, too, as well as the analysis of substrates, etc. Additional criteria have an important role in the holistic approach to establish the EPP and that was the basis for a decision on the collection of additional biological and physico-chemical parameters in the researched section of the river Trebizat. Field biological research were made during 2008 (August) and 2009 (April) at four sites close to the above mentioned hydrological gauging stations. Macrophyte and phytobentos were determined using standard keys and icons for determination. At the same time sampling and analysis of physico-chemical parameters of the listed sites were done. Analysis were also done for Tihaljina river immediately after inflow of water from sources Modro oko, because of high concentration of sulphates. Results / conclusions of the assessment and field measurement / sampling are as follows: The assessment of EPP by selected methods, based on the hydrological parameters estimation for the four hydrological gauging stations (period 1975- 1987) were made as well as comparison of obtained results / values. Among the tested methods, the maximum value obtained with the method in which the EPP is defined through the mean flow, at least by Matthey method. GEP method involves a probability estimation, which as a rule gives the results of more value, depending on the number of distributions that are used. For shorter ranges testing adjustment is difficult. In relation to the foregoing, MNQ method gave the best results / assessment EPP; II Three series of measurements that were made in this phase of the project were carried out in a period of rather high water, because of weather conditions and the dynamics of the project. Unfortunately, despite stopping work HP Pec Mlini during measurements, the results do not give low flow values and can not be used to define the required dependencies for the evaluation of EPP in relation to the critical value; Although there have been many negative impacts in recent years on the Trebižat river, the analyses of aquatic organisms showed their high diversity. According to the existing regulation on classification of waters and coastal sea waters of Yugoslavia within the borders of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette SR BiH No. 19/80) which will be valid until the new bylaw regulation (by the Water Law, Article 123), waters of the river Tihaljina – Mlade Trebizat are in the II (second) class of quality; In the future, the sampling invertebrata and fish should be executed on the river Trebizat. Monitoring subject of biological diversity can be for example: o protected and endangered species / habitats / areas o indicators of general state of ecosystems o changes in nature caused directly or indirectly to human activity o representative sampling sites selection of taking hydro-morphological, biological, and physical - chemical parameters; Although the main goal of this study was not the identification of ecological values, the attempt of its evaluation was made in line with the existing data and results of sampling; The need of adequate monitoring of EPP from the standpoint of quantity (quantity od water immediately downstream of the water intake) is stressed. The factors to take into account to ensure relevant and reliable data are defined. Finally, on the basis of results of the investigations on the river Tihaljina – Mlade (Trebizat), the recommendations / elements of the draft act in FBiH (under Article 62nd FBiH Water Law, which refers to the environmentally acceptable flow), have been made and presented. A large number of small hydro power plants are foreseen to be built at Vrbanja River, which is located in the central part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. By damming the river course for purposes of forming reservoirs or providing intake for a derivational hydro power plant, the water regime downstream from a weir construction is significantly changed. These changes also reflect on the aquatic eco- system of the river. Due to these reasons, Vrbanja River has been chosen as a river at which methodology of defining environmental flow (EF) would be tested. Vrbanja River is a right tributary of Vrbas River. Its length is about 95 km. Its spring is located below the slope of Vlasic Mountain and has the total elevation difference of III about 1400 m. The River basin belongs to the moderate continental climate. Vrbanja River has a quite developed net of tributaries, among which the largest ones are Crvcka, Jakotina and Josavka. According to maps of eco-regions for rivers and lakes, WFD (Annex XI), Vrbanja river basin belongs to the region of Dinaric West Balkans. Three sampling sites at Vrbanja River were chosen: Siprage, at the most upstream part of Vrbanja river course; Donji Obodnik, at the central part of Vrbanja river course and Vrbanja, which is located at downstream part of Vrbanja river course.
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