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The Coronavirus Outbreak in Iran: Political and Economic Implications

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The Coronavirus Outbreak in Iran: Political and Economic Implications INFO PACK The Coronavirus Outbreak in Iran: Political and Economic Implications INFO PACK The Coronavirus Outbreak in Iran: Political and Economic Implications The Coronavirus Outbreak in Iran: Political and Economic Implications © TRT WORLD RESEARCH CENTRE ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PUBLISHER TRT WORLD RESEARCH CENTRE March 2020 WRITTEN BY Merve Akın PHOTO CREDIT ANADOLU AGENCY TRT WORLD İSTANBUL AHMET ADNAN SAYGUN STREET NO:83 34347 ULUS, BEŞİKTAŞ İSTANBUL / TURKEY TRT WORLD LONDON 200 GRAYS INN ROAD, WC1X 8XZ LONDON / UNITED KINGDOM TRT WORLD WASHINGTON D.C. 1819 L STREET NW SUITE, 700 20036 WASHINGTON DC / UNITED STATES www.trtworld.com researchcentre.trtworld.com The opinions expressed in this Info Pack represent the views of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the TRT World Research Centre. 4 The Coronavirus Outbreak in Iran: Political and Economic Implications Introduction n December 2019, China alerted the World the death and infection rate has increased severely. Health Organization (WHO) to 3l cases of an Iranian Deputy Health Minister Iraj Harirchi claims unknown virus in the city of Wuhan. By ear- that COVID-19 infects 43 Iranians and takes 3 lives ly January the situation was starting to get per hour. For its part, the WHO has asserted that the out of control and on January 7th, Chinese death toll could be potentially five times higher. Iofficials announced that they had identified a new virus, later named COVID-19 by the WHO, which Economic difficulties resulting from US sanctions belongs to the coronavirus family. The quick spread make Iran’s struggle with the coronavirus even more of the virus has created a global emergency, as con- difficult. The outbreak has already had a severe im- firmed by the rise of death tolls and infection rates in pact on the economy particularly neighbouring European countries such as Italy, France, Spain and countries have closed their borders. While Iran is the UK. requesting a $5bn emergency IMF loan to fight the epidemic, the United States imposed new sanctions Iran’s denial of the outbreak and its late response al- on Iran in the middle of the crisis. lowed the virus to spread widely in the country. The sudden death of two people in Qom on 19 Febru- This info-pack examines the spread of Covid-19 in ary raised the suspicions that the government had Iran, and the political and economic implications of concealed the real figure. After the first casualties, the crisis. Iran’s Revolutionary Guard Corps carry out disinfection works as a preventive measure against the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic as part of the biological defense drill, launched in coordination with the National Headquarters For Fighting The Coronavirus, in 100 different points in Tehran, Iran on March 25, 2020. Iran launched 3-day biological defense drill at 3,000 locations across the country. A total of 143 people in Iran have died of coronavirus over the last 24 hours, pushing the death toll up to 2,077, according to Iranian health authorities. (Fatemeh Bahrami - Anadolu Agency) 5 The Coronavirus Outbreak in Iran: Political and Economic Implications Timeline of the Coronavirus Outbreak in Iran March 12 February 19 March 3 Iranian Ministry of Health an- 23 Members of the Iranian The head of Iran’s Central Bank, nounced the first cases of Corona Parliament were reported to have Abdolnaser Hemmati requested an virus. Two people tested positive been infected. More than 54,000 emergency loan of $5bn from the for Covid-19 in the city of Qom. The prisoners were temporarily released International Monetary Fund for the ministry later stated that both had to prevent the spread of the first time since the 1960s to help died. virus. Supreme Leader Khamenei combat the virus outbreak. described the efforts of health workers working intensely for the February 21 coronavirus outbreak as ‘jihad in March 17 The virus spread to other cities as the way of Allah’. He also claimed The government banned the new cases were reported in Tehran that Iran has been sharing the data traditional Persian fire festival, and Gilan Province. Despite the risks and information with the people Chaharshanbe Suri. About 85,000 of the outbreak, parliamentary elec- transparently while some countries prisoners were released due to tions were still held with a turnout have covered up the outbreak. the coronavirus fears. The United of %42.57, the lowest in the Islamic States imposed new sanctions on republic’s history. Iran by blacklisting several entities in March 5 South Africa, Hong Kong and China The Ministry of Health reported 591 as well as Iran’s armed forces social February 22 more new confirmed cases and 15 security investment company and Iran’s Health Minister Saeed new deaths. They also reported that three Iranian individuals. Namaki said that one of the people 739 people had recovered. who died was a merchant from Qom March 19 who travelled regularly between March 9 China and Iran after direct flights Kianush Jahanpur, the Head of were suspended between the two Approximately 70,000 prisoners Public Relations and Information countries and may have brought the were temporarily released as Centre of Iran’s health ministry virus from China. Covid-19 cases surged. Iran’s said on his Twitter account: “About Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei 50 people are infected by the decided to cancel his Persian New coronavirus every hour in Iran and February 24 Year speech, which traditionally one person dies every 10 minutes Iran’s Deputy Minister of Health, takes place every year at the Imam due to the coronavirus.” Dr Iraj Harirchi, said that 12 people Reza shrine in Mashhad. had died from the new coronavirus, March 22 which was subsequently disputed March 11 by parliamentarian Ahmad Supreme Leader Khamenei refused Amirabadi Farahani who claimed The Ministry of Health reported 958 US assistance to fight Covid-19 that 50 people had died in Qom more new confirmed cases and and claimed that the virus could alone from COVID-19. All flights 63 new deaths. Iranian President have been developed by the US between Iran and Turkey, including Hassan Rouhani assumed the government. passenger and cargo flights were chairmanship of the national task suspended and the border was force on combatting the outbreak closed until further notice.· of the novel Coronavirus, replacing March 23 the Health Minister at the request of Despite official warnings for non- lawmakers. essential travel, 8,5 million Iranians were on the move in the country for Nowruz holiday. 6,500 new cases of Covid-19 were reported. 6 The Coronavirus Outbreak in Iran: Political and Economic Implications Current Official Figures of Coronavirus Daily New Cases in Iran 2000 29,406CASES 1500 2,234DEATHS 1000 Daily New Cases in Iran 500 Novel Coronavirus Daily Cases 0 Feb 15 Feb 17 RECOVERED Feb 19 Daily Cases 10,457 Feb 21 Feb 23 Feb 25 Feb 27 Feb 29 Source: worldometers.info Mar 02 Mar 04 Mar 06 Mar 08 Mar 10 Mar 12 Mar 14 Mar 16 Mar 18 Source: worldometers.infoMar 20 Mar 22 Mar 24 Mar 25 7 The Coronavirus Outbreak in Iran: Political and Economic Implications Iranian President Hassan Rouhani makes a statement at a cabinet meeting in Tehran, Iran on March 25, 2020. Except President Rouhani, all of the officials participated in the meeting wearing protective medical masks. (PRESIDENCY OF IRAN / HANDOUT - Anadolu Agency Iran’s response to the Covid-19 pandemic From the very beginning, Iranian authorities did not seem the main pilgrimage site in the city, and the Imam Reza to take the outbreak seriously as flights from China, par- Shrine in Mashhad, which attracts 25 million pilgrims an- ticularly IRGC associated Mahan airways, continued. With nually, were finally closed on the 16th of March. the emergence of the first official instances of Covid-19, the Minister of Health stated that it would likely disappear in Against rapidly increasing infections and deaths, quar- a few weeks. Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei also gave a antine and lockdown practices have been considered in similar speech saying that the virus is not a serious issue some provinces. Although no province is officially quaran- and the country has seen more disastrous calamities. Al- tined, some officials, such as the governors of Khuzestan though two people had already lost their lives due to the and Khorasan provinces, have announced some measures coronavirus, parliamentary elections were held on the 21st to restrict travel and social activities by banning the arrival of February. The fact that the Iranians learned about the and departure of vehicles. There have also been quaran- statistics of the virus in Iran thanks to Turkey’s Minister of tine rumours in Tehran, which President Hassan Rouhani Health Fahrettin Koca’s press release shook people’s trust dismissed by saying: “there is no such thing, not today, in the government. Among Iranians, there was a great deal not during the New Year holidays, not before or after that.” of concern that the government was downplaying the real The president also urged provincial officials not to initiate scale of the outbreak. The spread of Covid-19 among state any quarantine procedures stating that the sole authority officials, including the Deputy Minister of Health, served to to make these decisions is the National Task Force. In the confirm these doubts. meantime, Tehran’s mayor, Pirouz Hanachi, renounced im- posing quarantine on Tehran saying that it is very difficult The government has been criticised for not quickly im- for the government to provide for people’s needs under a posing quarantines on the cities of Qom and Mashhad lockdown due to the economic pressure.
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