Sir Alexander Korda (Túrkeve, 1893

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Sir Alexander Korda (Túrkeve, 1893 EUROSFERAS 2011: “Alexander rodó La tragedia de los Habsburgo, sobre Korda y las culturas Europeas” el fin del imperio austrohúngaro y Una moderna Du Barry, en las que trabajaba la actriz Maria Farkas, que se convertiría poco después en su esposa. El matrimonio viajó a Hollywood en 1926 contratado por la First National, productora que había alabado el trabajo de Korda en Una moderna DuBarry. María Farkas, ahora conocida como María Korda, obtuvo cierto éxito como actriz en Estados Unidos a finales de la época del cine mudo, mientras Alexander Korda realizó, entre otros filmes, Los húsares de la reina y La vida privada de Helena de Troya, curiosa contemporaneización de la historia ir Alexander Korda (Sandor Kellner, legendaria de Elena de Troya basada en la Túrkeve, 1893 - Londres, 1956) director obra de teatro de Robert Sherwood y en la y productor de origen húngaro, fue una novela de John Erskine. figura prominente de la industria cinematográfica británica, fundador de la El año 1929 supuso una ruptura en la productora London Films y propietario de carrera del director, pues a la crisis de la la distribuidora British Lion Films. Korda aparición del sonoro se sumó la Gran fue uno de los muchos directores europeos, Depresión estadounidense. Ello le hizo y en concreto húngaros, que emigraron a trasladarse a Francia, donde trabajó en los Hollywood durante la década de 1920, estudios que la Paramount había como Michael Curtiz (“Casablanca”) construido en Joinville, en las proximidades Charles Vidor (“Gilda”) o George Cukor de París, como director de versiones en (“My fair lady”), este último nacido alemán de filmes franceses. La Paramount americano de padres emigrantes húngaros. lo nombró su representante en el Reino A lo largo de su vida, llegó a dominar una Unido y Korda marchó a Londres en 1932. media docena de idiomas, y era conocido por ser un brillante conversador. Estudió periodismo en París y regresó a su país natal para trabajar en el cine mudo, donde se inició como periodista cinematográfico (fundó el periódico Pesti Mozi), traductor y escritor de intertítulos en la empresa Projetograph. Ejerció otras profesiones cinematográficas, entre ellas operador, actor y guionista, y dirigió su primer filme en 1914, A becsapott újságiró. La vida privada de Enrique VIII (1933) Durante la Primera Guerra Mundial creó la productora Corvin Films, así como unos Poco después su carrera tomó un nuevo estudios para el rodaje. Realizó hasta el fin rumbo al independizarse de la Paramount y de la contienda una veintena de filmes, la fundar, junto con sus hermanos (el director mayoría sobre guiones propios. Acabada la Zoltan y el decorador Vincent) y el guerra, emigró a Viena en 1920, donde guionista Lajos Biró, la productora London dirigió Su majestad el bandido y La Films, que le permitiría dirigir sus filmes emperatriz del mar, y, tres años después, se más conocidos durante la década de 1930. instaló en Alemania. En este último país Entre ellos, La vida privada de Enrique VIII, La aventura de don Juan y Fuentes: Wikipedia, IMDB, Filmaffinity, www.biografiasyvidas.com/ Rembrandt, filmes de época en los que el Hamilton, historia basada en la relación director, como ya había ocurrido con La amorosa entre el almirante Nelson y lady vida privada de Helena de Troya, Hamilton, con el trasfondo del humanizaba a los personajes célebres y enfrentamiento bélico franco-británico de rehuía las falsas interpretaciones históricas principios del XIX, que en una segunda de cartón-piedra. lectura servía como propaganda británica en pleno conflicto bélico con la Alemania nazi. Estos filmes compartían una misma delicadeza y perfección estética, a la que También produjo dos filmes de aventuras contribuyeron el operador Georges Périnal que tendrían posteriormente infinitas y el director artístico Vincent Korda. Los versiones: El ladrón de Bagdad y El libro principales papeles recaían en actores de de la selva, ambas interpretadas por el reconocido talento, arropados por un grupo entonces popularísimo Sabú. estable y experimentado de actores secundarios. Korda perseguía realizar producciones cinematográficas de prestigio internacional que pudieran rivalizar con la industria estadounidense. Con La vida privada de Enrique VIII, Korda alcanzó su primer gran éxito como productor, recaudando diez veces más de lo que le había costado su producción. Una clave importante de este éxito fue la inspiradísima interpretación del monarca Lady Hamilton (1941) inglés Enrique VIII por parte de Charles Laughton. Con este actor repitió en Al finalizar la guerra regresó al Reino Rembrandt, biografía del pintor holandés Unido y dirigió sus dos últimos filmes, la del mismo nombre, donde nuevamente comedia Separación Peligrosa, con Robert Laughton volvía a dar una magistral lección Donat y Deborah Kerr, sobre un interpretativa encarnando al artista en sus matrimonio al que separa la guerra y al últimos años de esplendor artístico, ruina cabo de los años vuelve a reencontrarse, y económica y declive social. En La aventura Un marido ideal, sobre una obra de Oscar de don Juan, el director ofreció su propia Wilde que protagonizó Paulette Godard. A versión del mito de don Juan Tenorio. partir de entonces intensificó su carrera como productor, apoyado en la London Tampoco es desdeñable, durante esa misma Films, y abandonó sus tareas como década de 1930, su labor como productor de realizador. filmes como Catalina de Rusia, de Paul Czinner, sobre la emperatriz rusa Catalina la Grande; La Pimpinela Escarlata, de Harold Young, con Merle Oberon y Leslie Howard, ambientada en la revolución francesa; El fantasma va al Oeste, de René Clair; historia de un millonario estadounidense que compra un castillo escocés, con fantasma incluido, y lo traslada piedra a piedra a su país; y Las cuatro plumas, un clásico del cine de aventuras situado en la guerra de Sudán de fines del XIX, de su hermano Zoltan Korda. En 1942 fue nombrado Sir por el monarca Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial volvió inglés Jorge VI, nombramiento con el que a los Estados Unidos, donde rodó Lady se convirtió en el primer hombre de cine en Fuentes: Wikipedia, IMDB, Filmaffinity, www.biografiasyvidas.com/ recibir tal distinción nobiliaria. Entre 1947 comenzó como operador de cámara, y 1956 llegó a producir más de cuarenta aunque después de un tiempo trabajó en la filmes de los más diversos directores y edición y como guionista de cine. En 1918 géneros cinematográficos, entre los que y 1920 en Hungría, dirigió dos sobresalen El tercer hombre, de Carol cortometrajes de cine mudo y un Reed; Los cuentos de Hoffman, de Michael largometraje mudo en Alemania en 1927. Powell y Emeric Pressburger; y Ricardo III, En Londres, hizo su debut como director de Lawrence Olivier. en inglés con el drama “Men of Tomorrow” (1932), después se ganaría el respeto Aunque había dejado de dirigir, el mayor general con la película “Sanders of the mérito de Korda en sus últimos años fue su River“ (Bosambo,1935), protagonizada por insistencia en dotar de solidez a la industria Paul Robeson y Leslie Banks. La película cinematográfica británica y su interés por fue un éxito comercial importante y apoyar a nuevos realizadores. Algunos de fundamental, dio a Zoltan Korda el primero ellos se convertirían años después en de sus cuatro nominaciones a "Mejor figuras fundamentales del cine inglés Película" en el Festival de Cine de Venecia. posterior a la Segunda Guerra Mundial, Korda y Robert Flaherty ganarían el como los ya mencionados Powell, premio al "Mejor Director" en el festival de Pressburger y Olivier, pero también Carol Venecia con “El Niño Elefante” (1937). Reed, David Lean o Anthony Asquith.* ZOLTAN KORDA Zoltan con Humphrey Bogart, 1943 Exoficial de caballería, Korda hizo una serie de películas militares de acción y aventura, muchas de las cuales fueron filmadas en África o la India. Como alguien con conciencia social, sus proyectos de cine a menudo reflejaban esa perspectiva cuando trataba los pueblos indígenas del Imperio Británico. De sus trabajos como director, "Las Cuatro Plumas”, de 1939, oltan Korda (3 de junio de 1895, 13 protagonizada por Sir Ralph Richardson se de octubre de 1961) un guionista, considera su mayor logro cinematográfico. director y productor de origen húngaro. La película fue nominada a la Palma de Oro Nacido Zoltán Kellner, de ascendencia en el Festival de Cine de Cannes 1939 y fue judía en Pusztatúrpásztó, Túrkeve en presentada de nuevo por el comité del Hungría (Austria-Hungría), fue el hermano festival en el año 2002 en retrospectiva. del medio de los realizadores Alexander y Vincent Korda. En 1940, Zoltan Korda se unió a su hermano Alexander en Hollywood. Zoltan Korda trabajó con su hermano Trabajando a través de United Artists, Alexander en su Hungría natal y en el desempeñó labores como productor Reino Unido para su compañía productora ejecutivo en “El ladrón de Bagdad”. Zoltan London Films. Zoltan Korda inicialmente Korda pasó el resto de su vida en el sur de Fuentes: Wikipedia, IMDB, Filmaffinity, www.biografiasyvidas.com/ California, rodando otras siete películas, privada de Enrique VIII” (1933), entre ellas: el aclamado drama de la “Rembrandt” (1936) y “El libro de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, “Sahara” selva” (1942). Vincent Korda concibió (1943), para la cual escribió el guión, decorados exóticos y grandiosos, o protagonizada por Humphrey Bogart, y “A vanguardistas como los de “La vida futura” Woman's Vengeance” (1947) con Charles (1936) construidos para crear efectos Boyer y Jessica Tandy. específicos en el gran público. Korda se casó con Joan Gardner hasta su muerte y tuvo un hijo, David. La mala salud, provocada años antes por una batalla con tuberculosis, forzó la jubilación de Zoltan Korda en 1955. Murió en 1961 en Hollywood después de una larga enfermedad y fue enterrado allí, en el Hollywood Memorial Park Cemetery. VINCENT KORDA “El ladrón de Bagdad” (1940) Murió en Londres, Inglaterra, en enero de 1979.
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