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Gaya Kepemimpinan Mohammad Hatta Tahun 1945-1956 Abstrak

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Gaya Kepemimpinan Mohammad Hatta Tahun 1945-1956 Abstrak Permana et al., Gaya Kepemimpinan Mohammad Hatta....... 1 GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN MOHAMMAD HATTA TAHUN 1945-1956 Alfandaru Gandar Permana, Kayan Swastika, Marjono. Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah Jurusan Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Jember (UNEJ) Jln. Kalimantan 37, Jember 68121 E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRAK Mohammad Hatta merupakan tokoh penting pada masa sebelum dan sesudah kemerdekaan Indonesia. Peran dan pemikiran Mohammad Hatta merupakan salah satu yang paling menonjol dari pemimpin bangsa Indonesia lainnya, baik dalam bidang politik, ekonomi dan sosial. Wawasan Intelektual, integritas dan karakter yang dimiliki oleh Mohammad Hatta telah diakui baik kawan maupun lawan politiknya. Latar belakang permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah cara kepemimpinan Mohammad Hatta ketika menjabat wakil Presiden Indonesia tahun 1945- 1956. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis gaya kepemimpinan Mohammad Hatta ketika menjabat menjadi wakil presiden Indonesia, menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi gaya kepemimpinan Mohammad Hatta dan menganalisis nilai-nilai yang dapat diambil dari kepemimpinan Mohammad Hatta untuk dijadikan pedoman bagi pemimpin Indonesia yang akan datang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Sejarah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah untuk mengkaji permasalahan-permasalahan dalam penelitian. Metode sejarah memiliki empat langkah dalam melakukan penelitian sejarah yaitu heuristik, kritik, interpretasi dan historiografi. Gaya kepemimpinan Mohammad Hatta dapat digolongkan kedalam tipe kepemimpinan rasional. Gaya kepemimpinan yang dimiliki oleh Mohammad Hatta tidak begitu saja muncul di dalam dirinya, ada beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi gaya kepemimpinan Mohammad Hatta. Ada dua faktor yaitu faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Sebagai seorang pemimpin Mohammad Hatta banyak meninggalkan nilai-nilai keteladanan. Nilai-nilai keteladanan yang dapat diambil dalam diri Mohammad Hatta diantaranya adalah sikap cintah tanah air, sikap demokratis dan sikap moralitas. Berdasarkan penjelasan di atas, maka penulis memilih permasalahan tersebut yang kemudian dirumuskan dalam judul “Gaya Kepemimpinan Mohammad Hatta tahun 1945-1956”. Kata kunci: Gaya Kepemimpinan, Mohammad Hatta, Tahun 1945-1956 ABSTRACT Mohammad Hatta was instrumental during the time before and after the independence of Indonesia. The roles and thoughts of Mohammad Hatta is one of the most prominent leaders of the other nations of Indonesia, both in the fields of political, economic and social. Intellectual insight, integrity and character are owned by Mohammad Hatta has been recognized either avatar or political opponents. Background problem in this research is the way the leadership of Mohammad Hatta, Vice President of Indonesia while serving in 1945-1956. The purpose of this research is to analyze the leadership style when Mohammad Hatta was Vice President of Indonesia, analyzing the factors that influence the style of leadership of Mohammad Hatta and analyze the values that can be retrieved from the leadership of Mohammad Hatta to be used as a guide for leaders of Indonesia to come. This type of research is historical research. The methods used in this research is a method to study the history of problems in the study. Historical method has four steps in conducting historical research i.e. heuristics, critique, interpretation and historiography. Mohammad Hatta leadership style can be classified into type rational leadership. The leadership style that is owned by Mohammad Hatta not casually show up inside of her, there are several factors that affect the leadership style of Mohammad Hatta. There are two factors which are internal factors and external factors. As a leader Mohammad Hatta much leave the example values. Example values that can be taken inside of them is Mohammad Hatta cintah attitude of the fatherland, a democratic attitude and the attitude of morality. Based on the explanation above, the authors chose these problems which is then formulated in the title "the leadership style of Mohammad Hatta 1945-1956". Key words:Leadership, Mohammad Hatta, 1945-1956 years ARTIKEL ILMIAH MAHASISWA, 2014 Permana et al., Gaya Kepemimpinan Mohammad Hatta....... 2 PENDAHULUAN kolusi dan nepotisme selama menjabat sebagai pejabat Mohammad Hatta merupakan tokoh penting pada negara. Mohammad Hatta tidak pernah tergoda dengan masa sebelum dan sesudah kemerdekaan Indonesia. Peran uang dan kekuasaan, bahkan setelah penguduran dirinya dan pemikiran Mohammad Hatta merupakan salah satu sebagai wakil presiden Indonesia pada tanggal 1 yang paling menonjol dari pemimpin bangsa Indonesia Desember 1956. Banyak tawaran dari perusahaan Belanda lainnya, baik dalam bidang politik, ekonomi dan sosial. menawarinya untuk menjadi komisaris, tetapi beliau Mohammad Hatta tidak hanya menyumbangkan menolak karena malu dan tidak mau dinilai rakyat sebagai pemikirannya, tetapi juga aksi nyata bagi bangsa seorang yang hanya mementingkan kepentingan pribadi Indonesia yang menyatakan pemikirannya melalui tulisan- dan tidak memperhatikan kepentingan negara tulisan (Firmansyah, 2010:17). Mohammad Hatta juga (Firmansyah, 2010:106). Sifat-sifat teladan Mohammad dikenal sebagai bapak pendiri negara dan dikenang Hatta inilah yang harus dicontoh, agar kelak menjadi sebagai sosok yang dekat di hati rakyat karena perjuangan seorang pemimpin yang dapat menjadi teladan dari rakyat dan sifatnya yang merakyat (Firmansyah, 2010:15). dan tidak hanya mementingkan kepentingan pribadi. Wawasan Intelektual, integritas dan karakter yang Era reformasi saat ini, bangsa Indonesia sedang dimiliki oleh Mohammad Hatta telah diakui baik kawan berada dalam proses belajar bagaimana hidup di dalam maupun lawan politiknya. Mohammad Hatta menjadi demokrasi. Masyarakat pada umumnya dan organisasi- tokoh besar Indonesia yang memiliki jasa kepada bangsa organisasi kemasyarakatan khususnya memerlukan Indonesia yang tak dapat dilupakan. pemimpin-pemimpin yang menghayati peran dan Konsep kepemimpinan Mohammad Hatta sendiri fungsinya. Indonesia sangat membutuhkan pemimpin- yaitu jangan bertumpu pada satu pemimpin. Mohammad pemimpin yang bekerja dengan penuh kesungguhan, Hatta menyatakan “janganlah terlalu mendewa-dewakan bukan mencari pekerjaan atau jabatan melalui kedudukan seorang pemimpin dan janganlah kita mengantungkan sebagai pemimpin. Sering diberitakan di media masa nasib pergerakan kepada seorang pemimpin” (Salim, maupun media elektronik mengenai kondisi negeri yang 1998:421-422). Maksud dari pernyataan tersebut yaitu tak kunjung membaik, dan parahnya hal ini ditambah sebuah pergerakan atau organisasi tidak boleh bertumpu dengan banyaknya pemberitaan mengenai buruknya kepada seorang pemimpin yang timbul dan hilang karena perilaku politik para anggota dewan dan semakin seorang pemimpin. Melainkan haruslah menjadi merebaknya korupsi di segala bidang, baik yang dilakukan pergerakan rakyat dan bukan lagi dipimpin oleh seorang oleh para anggota dewan maupun instansi-instansi pemimpin. Sepandai seorang pemimpin apabila rakyat pemerintah lainnya. tidak memiliki keinsafan dan semangat juang yang tinggi Permasalahan negeri ini sangat kompleks mulai dari maka pergerakan tersebut akan sia-sia saja. kasus kecil sampai kasus-kasus besar yang hingga kini Sosok Mohammad Hatta begitu relevan untuk belum terselesaikan. Menarik memang mencermati dijadikan figur seorang pemimpin. Mohammad Hatta kehidupan politik ini, para pemimpin negeri ini telah memperlihatkan contoh sikap teladan seorang pemimpin. benar-benar lupa akan peran dan tanggung jawabnya Sikap teladan diperlihatkan oleh seorang pemimpin dan sebagai seorang pemimpin, atas dasar itu analisis ini diikuti oleh pemikiran yang cakap, untuk memimpin dan berangkat untuk memahami betapa pentingnya peran dan mengerakan roda pemerintahan. Sikap teladan yang dapat tanggung jawab seorang pemimpin. Kenyataannya dicontoh dari Mohammad Hatta salah satunya yaitu sikap sekarang, banyak tokoh politik, elit politik dan tokoh yang jujur karena tidak pernah melakukan pratik korupsi, partai di Indonesia kurang memperhatikan kehidupan dan kemajuan masyarakat. ARTIKEL ILMIAH MAHASISWA, 2014 Permana et al., Gaya Kepemimpinan Mohammad Hatta....... 3 Sekian banyaknya kasus-kasus yang terjadi di Manfaat penelitian ini adalah: Indonesia ini, maka pantaslah bangsa Indonesia ini 1. Bagi mahasiswa calon guru sejarah, dapat terutama penerus bangsa belajar dari gaya kepemimpinan mengetahui secara jelas mengenai gaya Mohammad Hatta agar ke depannya para pemimpin kepemimpinan Mohammad Hatta ketika negeri ini selalu bertindak demi kesejahteraan dan menjabat menjadi Wakil Presiden Indonesia. kemakmuran rakyat Indonesia. Agar menjadi pemimpin 2. Bagi almamater, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat yang dapat menjadi teladan dari rakyat dan tidak hanya memberikan informasi dalam rangka mementingkan kepentingan pribadi. pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan sebagai wujud Berdasarkan uraian di atas, maka peneliti memilih nyata pelaksanaan Tri Dharma Perguruan permasalahan tersebut yang kemudian dirumuskan dalam Tinggi. judul “Gaya Kepemimpinan Mohammad Hatta tahun 3. Bagi pembaca, dapat menambah pengetahuan 1945-1956”. dan pemahan mengenai gaya kepemimpinan Mohammad Hatta ketika menjabat menjadi Permasalahan yang dibahas adalah: Wakil Presiden Indonesia. 1. Bagaimana gaya kepemimpinan Mohammad 4. Bagi peneliti lain, sebagai motivasi untuk Hatta ketika menjabat sebagai Wakil Presiden melakukan penelitian yang sejenis sekaligus
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