Soils at Higher Elevations
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Western Ghats
Western Ghats From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "Sahyadri" redirects here. For other uses, see Sahyadri (disambiguation). Western Ghats Sahyadri सहहदररद Western Ghats as seen from Gobichettipalayam, Tamil Nadu Highest point Peak Anamudi (Eravikulam National Park) Elevation 2,695 m (8,842 ft) Coordinates 10°10′N 77°04′E Coordinates: 10°10′N 77°04′E Dimensions Length 1,600 km (990 mi) N–S Width 100 km (62 mi) E–W Area 160,000 km2 (62,000 sq mi) Geography The Western Ghats lie roughly parallel to the west coast of India Country India States List[show] Settlements List[show] Biome Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Geology Period Cenozoic Type of rock Basalt and Laterite UNESCO World Heritage Site Official name: Natural Properties - Western Ghats (India) Type Natural Criteria ix, x Designated 2012 (36th session) Reference no. 1342 State Party India Region Indian subcontinent The Western Ghats are a mountain range that runs almost parallel to the western coast of the Indian peninsula, located entirely in India. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is one of the eight "hottest hotspots" of biological diversity in the world.[1][2] It is sometimes called the Great Escarpment of India.[3] The range runs north to south along the western edge of the Deccan Plateau, and separates the plateau from a narrow coastal plain, called Konkan, along the Arabian Sea. A total of thirty nine properties including national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and reserve forests were designated as world heritage sites - twenty in Kerala, ten in Karnataka, five in Tamil Nadu and four in Maharashtra.[4][5] The range starts near the border of Gujarat and Maharashtra, south of the Tapti river, and runs approximately 1,600 km (990 mi) through the states of Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu ending at Kanyakumari, at the southern tip of India. -
Description of the Region (Geographical Extent, Topography, Climate, and Vegetation)
Description of the Region (Geographical extent, topography, climate, and vegetation) The Maharashtra state is about 800 km east-west and 700 km north-south, an irregular dentate pentagon, lying between 22" r-16 " 4' north latitude and 72 " 6'-80 " 9' east longitude, covering an area of 3,07,690 sq km. It is limited to the west by the Arabian Sea, making a long coastline of 720 km. by Goa and Karnataka to the south, by Andhra Pradesh on the south-east, and Madhya Pradesh on the north, and Gujarat to its north-west (Map 1). Western Ghats or Sahyadri separate coastal strip of Konkan from rest of the plateau and thereby altitude ranges from mean sea level to about 1200 m on Western Ghats (with some highest peaks in the range like Kalsubai- 1654 m, Mahabaleshwar- 1382 m) and about 200-900 m over the rest. Average rainfall in the state varies from 250 cm in Konkan to 60-75 cm in Marathwada and again increasing to 150 cm towards eastern most part of Maharashtra that is Vidarbha. It forms a large part of Indian Peninsula. Similarly temperature varies between I5"C-47''C. Relative humidity fluctuate between 15% to 90%. Nearly 21% of the geographical area is under forest. Physiography Physiographically the state is divided into 5 divisions 1. Konkan, 2. Deccan or Desh, 3. Khandesh, 4. Marathwada and 5. Vidarbha (Map 2). Konkan, a narrow coastal strip of the west of Sahyadris, varies between 27-48 km in breadth and 800 km in length from Goa to Tapi Basin. -
Systematic Studies Ndemic Species of the Family
SYSTEMATIC STUDIES NDEMIC SPECIES OF THE FAMILY ACANTHACEAE FROMeTHE NORTHERN AND PARTS OF CENTRAL WESTERN GHATS THESIS O GOA UNIVERSITY ARD OF DEGREE OF OF PHILOSOPHY IN TANY MARIA E STA MASCARENHAS DEP. TMENT OF BOTANY GOA UNIVERSITY GOA 403 206 JUNE 2010 SYSTEMATIC STUDIES ON THE ENDEMIC SPECIES OF THE FAMILY ACANTHACEAE FROM THE NORTHERN AND PARTS OF CENTRAL WESTERN GHATS THESIS SUBMITTED TO GOA UNIVERSITY FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN BOTANY BY MARIA EMILIA DA COSTA MASCARENHAS DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY EV3toll_ GOA UNIVERSITY GOA 403 206 JUNE 2010 "7— oc) STATEMENT As required by the University Ordinance 0.19.8 (ii), I state that the present thesis "Systematic Studies on the Endemic Species of the Family Acanthaceae from the Northern and parts of Central Western Ghats" is my original contribution and the same has not been submitted on any occasion for any other degree or diploma of this University or any other University/Institute. To the best of my knowledge, the present study is the first comprehensive work of its kind from the area mentioned. The literature related to the problem investigated has been cited. Due acknowledgments have been made wherever facilities and suggestions have been availed of. Place: Goa University (Maria Emilia da Costa Mascarenhas) Date: OS 04.. 02pl o Candidate CERTIFICATE As required by the University Ordinance 0. 19.8 (iv), this is to certify that the thesis entitled "Systematic Studies on the Endemic Species of the Family Acanthaceae from the Northern and parts of Central Western Ghats", submitted by Ms. -
Monocot Type Specimens
MONOCOT TYPE Barcode Family Genus Species Country State Locality Date of Collector Coll. no. collection CAL0000000456 Orchidaceae Saccolabium crassilabre India Meghalaya Khasia Hill 00.07.1897 Dr. King's Collector 628 CAL0000000457 Orchidaceae Sarcochilus trichoglottis Singapore Tauglu 00.00.1891 H. N. Redley CAL0000000458 Orchidaceae Sarcochilus trichoglottis Singapore 21.07.1889 H. N. Redley CAL0000000459 Orchidaceae Sarcochilus trichoglottis Malaysia Perak 00.03.1885 B. Scortechini 1830 CAL0000000460 Orchidaceae Sarcochilus trichoglottis Malaysia Perak Open Ground, Larut 00.03.1884 Dr. King's Collector 5934 CAL0000000461 Orchidaceae Sarcochilus trichoglottis Malaysia Perak Open Ground, Larut 00.03.1884 H. Kunstler 5934 CAL0000000462 Orchidaceae Sarcochilus pulchellus SriLanka Ceylon Thwaites CP 2354 CAL0000000463 Orchidaceae Sarcochilus complanatus SriLanka Ceylon Thwaites CP 3209 CAL0000000464 Orchidaceae Sarcochilus recurvus Malaysia Perak Limbo Hills, Larut 00.05.1884 Dr. King's Collector 6040 CAL0000000465 Orchidaceae Sarcochilus recurvus Malaysia Perak Limbo Hills, Larut 00.05.1884 H. Kunstler 6040 CAL0000000466 Orchidaceae Sarcochilus pauciflorus Malaysia Perak Revd. Father Scortechini 534a CAL0000000467 Orchidaceae Sarcochilus scortechinii Malaysia Perak Revd. Father Scortechini 440 CAL0000000468 Orchidaceae Sarcochilus filiformis Malaysia Perak Larut 00.04.1884 H. Kunstler 5930 CAL0000000469 Orchidaceae Sarcochilus filiformis Malaysia Perak Larut 00.04.1884 Dr. King's Collector 5930 CAL0000000470 Orchidaceae Sarcochilus filiformis -
Type Specimens at Botanical Survey of India, Central National Herbarium, Howrah (CAL) Monocot Type Specimens
Type specimens at Botanical Survey of India, Central National Herbarium, Howrah (CAL) Monocot Type specimens Name of the Taxon Name of the Place of Collection Date of Collector Coll . No. Type Herbarium Family Collection Status Acronym Hedychium margin atum C.B. Clarke Zingiberaceae India, Nagaland, 18 -10 -1885 C.B. Clarke 42094 A Type CAL Piffima, Naga Hills Hedychium marginatum C.B. Clarke Zingiberaceae India, Nagaland, 19 -10 -1885 C.B. Clarke 40926 Type CAL Piffima, Naga Hills Hedychium eelatum R. B r. Zingiberaceae India, Nepal Wallich Type CAL Hedychium gracilli mum A.S. Rao & Zingiberaceae India, Meghalaya, 01 -07 -1967 D.M. Verma 35650 Type CAL D.M. Verma Khasia & Jantia Hills, Woodland Hedychium marginatum C.B. Clarke Zingiberaceae India, Na galand, 03 -11 -1883 C.B. Clarke 41513 C Type CAL Kohima Hedychium paludosum Hend. Zingiberaceae Malaysia, Singapore, 01 -04 -1930 M.R. Henderson 23280 Type CAL Pahang, Commonis Highland Hedychium venustum Wight Zingiberaceae India, Peninsula Indiae Wight 2802 Type CAL Orientalis Hedychium venustum Wight Zingiberaceae Wight 2803 Type CAL Hedychium venustum Wight Zingiberaceae India, Peninsula Indiae Wight 2803 Type CAL Orientalis Hedychium venustum Wight Zingiberaceae Wight 2802 Type CAL Hedychium greenii W.W. Sm. Zingiberaceae Bhutan 07 -1908 H.F. Green Type CAL Hedychium greenii W.W. Sm. Zingiberaceae Bhutan 07 -1908 H.F. Green Type CAL Hedychium coccineum Ham. e x Smith Zingiberaceae India, West Ben gal, 15 -08 -1869 C.B. Clarke 8619 Type CAL var. squarrosum (Buch.-Ham. ex Darjeeling, Rungbee Wall.) Baker Hedychium dekianum A.S. Rao & D.M. Zingiberaceae India, Meghalaya, 15 -07 -1966 G.K. -
Download Article (PDF)
Rec. zool. Surv. India: llO(Part-3) : 93-106, 2010 STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION OF FOUR SPECIES OF HORNBILLS FROM NORTH AND CENTRAL WESTERN GHAT-A REPORT BARID BARAN DUTTA AND RENGASAMY SAKTHIVEL Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053 INTRODUCTION of our species of hornbills namely Malabar Grey The Western Ghats is one of the globally recognized Hornbill, Indian Grey Hornbill, Malabar Pied Hornbill "Hot Spots" for biodiversity in India (Mayers, 1990). It and Great Pied Hornbill (Family Bucerodidae) in some lies between 20° 12' N in the north of Navpur or areas of Western Ghats. somewhat north of river Tapati and Kanyakumari (8° STUDY AREAS 06' N, 77° 35' E) in the south and spread over six states. Chatterjee (1940) classified the Western Ghats in The Western Ghats complex encompasses southern four broad phytogeographic regions. The regions are Gujarat, western Maharashtra, Goa, western Karnataka, (i) River Tapti to Goa; (ii) River Kalinadi to Coorg; (iii) Kerala and part of Tamil Nadu (Fig. 1). It is located the Nilgiris; (iv) The Anamalai, Palanis and Cardomum between the Tropical African (Ethiopian) and the Indo hills. The present studies on hornbills were carried out Malayan biogeographic regions. Physiographically the in two regions-(i) River Tapti to Goa, covering area is somewhat flattened or flat -topped range of hills southern Gujarat, parts of Maharashtra and Goa and rise from the Arabian Sea and runs more or less parallel (ii) River Kalinadi to Coorg, which included part of with it. The major hill ranges are the Nilgiri, Annamalai, Karnataka. The states and districts that are included in Palanis and Cardamom hills. -
The Genus Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) in the Northern and Parts of Central Western Ghats
Rheedea Vol. 21(1) 23-80 2011 The genus Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) in the northern and parts of central Western Ghats Jyosna R.N. Dessai and M.K. Janarthanam* Department of Botany, Goa University, Goa – 403 206, India. *E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The genus Impatiens L. comprises over 1,000 species worldwide. It is represented by c. 210 species in India and most of them are either endemic to the Himalaya or Western Ghats. We have studied the genus in the North- ern and parts of Central Western Ghats. We report here 26 species and 2 varieties including a new species with detailed descriptions, illustrations, distribution, critical note, updated nomenclature and IUCN threat status. Keywords: Endemic, Impatiens, New Species, Taxonomy, Western Ghats Introduction The richness of fl owering plants makes India one of as ornamental and some are used in medicine and the megadiversity countries in the world with four cosmetics. Species belonging to this genus are com- biodiversity hotspots and three megacentres of monly referred to as ‘balsams’ or ‘jewel weeds’. endemism. The fl ora of India shows high diversity The genus is represented by c. 210 species in India in terms of families, genera and species of angio- with two centres of diversity – the Eastern Hima- sperms. Many genera and families are known to be laya and the Western Ghats. Both regions show a represented by a large number of endemic species; high degree of endemism and hence recognised as one amongst them is the genus, Impatiens L. of the two amongst the 34 biodiversity hotspot regions in family Balsaminaceae. -
Chapter - 3: Passes 52
CHAPTER - 3: PASSES 52 Chapter 3 - Passes Passes, like other geographical features of a region, contribute towards the placement of the trade routes. The frequent movement of people through these passes not only broadens the political horizons but also breaks the isolation of different ways of life and makes a men understand other cultures. A pass is ah opening more or less broad between two mountains, or ranges of mountains. In the past the natural breaks in between the hills served as natural roads (passes) to the traders and merchants in particular and the masses in general. The Konkan is connected with the Desh region by a number of passes which cut across the Sahyadris. The control of these passes was important for every ruler. Forts were the major means of controlling these passes (Map 8). Communication Systems Routes of transportation are to a large extent determined by geography. The topographic barrier presented by the Ghats to East-West movement meant that certain natural passes funneled movement through them. There are innumerable ways up and down the face of the Western Ghats, precipitous though these often are. Such ways range from wood cutter's paths to the main passes. Through these passes several roads linked the Konkan and Desh areas. Similarly there are innumerable routes to cross the divides between the river valleys. These North-South gaps in the divides link the different river valleys with each other. Thus these define two distinct communication systems. The first system includes those passes which run West-East across the Sahyadri. The second system includes the passes which run North-South across the ranges which stretch at right angles to the Sahyadri. -
Current Ecological Status and Identification of Potential Ecologically Sensitive Areas in the Northern Western Ghats
CURRENT ECOLOGICAL STATUS AND IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREAS IN THE NORTHERN WESTERN GHATS OCTOBER 2010 INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENT EDUCATION AND RESEARCH BHARTI VIDYAPEETH DEEMED UNIVERSITY PUNE, MAHARASHTRA TABLE OF CONTENTS Team at BVIEER...............................................................................................iv Acknowledgements.............................................................................................v Disclaimer .........................................................................................................vi Terms of reference ............................................................................................vii Framework ......................................................................................................viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION..........................................................................1 HISTORY OF CONSERVATION IN THE WESTERN GHATS.........................2 CURRENT THREATS TO THE WESTERN GHATS...........................................................................................2 CONCEPT OF ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREAS (ESAS).......................3 NEED FOR IDENTIFYING ESAs IN THE WESTERN GHATS......................3 DEFINING ESAs ..............................................................................................4 GENESIS OF ESAs IN INDIA ..........................................................................5 CHAPTER 2: ECOLOGICAL STATUS OF THE NORTHERN WESTERN GHATS..............................................................................................7 -
Materials & Methods
Materials & Methods The specimens were collected during the extensive collecting programmes carried out under the All India Co-ordinated Project on Taxonomy, Ministry of Environment and Forest. Government of India, at various forest localities (given below) of western Maharashtra during the last three years. The specimens were dried, studied and were kept in labelled folders with details of locality, date, and name of the collector etc. All specimens were deposited in Ajrekar Mycological Herbarium (AMH), at Agharkar Research Institute in Pune. Collecting Localities Collections were mainly made in western Maharashtra where humidity is comparitively high, and the flora in these regions is diverse, compared to the other drier regions of Maharashtra for example Khandesh, Marathwada and Vidharbha, where the humidity is very low and are not suitable for the lichen growth and we often get material too scanty and insufficient to be studied and identified correctly. Konkan Bombay district, Kolgaon, Saswane, Colaba. Thane district, Malshej ghat, Neemgiri hills. Raigad district, Bhor, Hirdoshi, Karnala forest, Mahad, Matheran, Raigad, Ransai, Warandha ghat. Ratnagiri district, Dabhole ghat, Chiplun, Dabhole, Ganapatipule, Hatkhamba. Nerur, Nivali, Phonda ghat. Sindhudurg district, Amboli, Amboli ghat, Kasal, Mahadevgad, Parikshit gad, Sawantwadi, Shirgaonkar point, Sindhudurg, Vaibhavwadi. Deccan or Desh Nasik district, Anjaneri fort, Brahmagiri, Chandwad ghat, Igatpuri, Nasik, Saptashringi gad, Trimbakeshwar. Ahmednagar district. Bhandardara, Kalsubai , highest peak 1654 m, Harishchandra gad. Pune district, Amby valley, Baneshwar, Bhaja caves, Bhimashankar, Bhushi Dam, Boma hills, Bor ghat. Diva ghat, Dongarwadi, Durgwadi, Fergusson hill, Junnar, Karia, Katraj ghat, Khandala, Lonvala, Malavali, Mulshi, Purandar, Sinhagad, Tamihini ghat, Vetal hills, and Walwan Dam. Satara district, Ajinkyatara fort. -
BSI NEWSLETTER Itamcv Survey^ Ndia the Monthly Electronic Newsletter of Botanical Survey of India
September 2016 Volume 3 Number 9 BSI NEWSLETTER itamcV survey^ ndia The monthly electronic newsletter of Botanical Survey of India Director's column In this month, the scientists of BSI described new speciesG) in the families Orchidaceae (Bulbophyllum paramjitii from Sikkim Himalayas and Crepidium meghalayense from Khasi hills) and Poaceae (Dimeria andamanica from Andaman and Nicobar Islands). A new hyphomycetous fungus, Colemaniella biligiriense is also described from Biligirirangan hills of Western Ghats. On the other hand, a bird nest fungus, Cyathus gayanus is reported for the first time from Asia based on the collection from NE India. A Scrophulariaceae member, Veronica anagaloides is reported as new record for India from Western Himalayas. The species, Gentiana saginoides (Gentianaceae) is rediscovered after a gap of 155 years from Western Himalayas (Uttarakhand). The scientific officials of BSI have undertaken field tour to various regions of the country in connection with their ongoing projects. Some of them are: tour to Karnataka coastal regions to collect seaweed specimens; tour to Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Maharashtra to collect fungal specimens; tour to Kishanpur WLS to collect Lichen specimens; tour to Darjeeling Himalayas to collect Bryophyte specimens; tour to Kudremukh National Park, Karnataka to collect Pteridophyte specimens; tour to Pushpagiri WLS, Karnataka to collect Pteridophyte and Angiosperm specimens; tour to Netravali WLS and Cotigaon WLS to collect orchid specimens; to Schoolpaneshwar WLS, Gujarat; Sariska Tiger Reserve and Machiya Biological Park, Rajasthan to collect flowering plant specimens; and tour to Odisha to collect ethnobotanical information. During this month, Hindi diwas/saptah/pakhwara was celebrated by all the regional centres and units, in which various competitions in Hindi were held. -
Digital Herbarium FINAL REPORT
Project Title : Developing a Digital Herbarium of Angiospermic Plants of the Western Ghat Regions of Maharashtra. Project Sanctioned by : University Grants Commission Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg New Delhi – 110 002 UGC File No. : 42-943/2013 (SR) Duration of the Project : 01/04/2013 to 31/03/2016 Place of Work : Post-Graduate Research Centre, Department of Botany, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Shivajinagar, Pune-411005, (MAHARASHTRA, INDIA). Work carried out by Prin. (Dr.) R. S. Zunjarrao, Principal Investigator. Dr. R. B. Barmukh, Co-Investigator. Ms. Anita Kindre, Research Fellow. Page1 CONTENTS Sr. No. Title Page No Certificate Acknowledgments 7 1. Project Report No. 8 2. UGC Ref. File No. 8 3. Period of report 8 4. Title of research Project 8 5. (a)Name of the Principal Investigator and Co- 8 Investigator(s) (b) Department 8 (c) University/College where work has progressed 8 6. Effective date of starting of the project 8 7. Grant approved and expenditure incurred during the 9 period of the report: a. Total amount approved: b. Total expenditure 8. Brief objective of the project 9 9. Introduction 10 10. Importance of Digital Herbarium 12 11. Materials and Methods 13 12. Field work 13 13. Laboratory work 15 Page 2 ….…contd…….. 14. Website management 17 15. Results 19 16. Conclusions summarizing the achievements 20 17. Indication of scope for future work 21 18. List of research publications 22 19. Manpower trained on the project 23 20. No. of Ph.D. produced 23 21. Financial Position 24 22. Procurement/ Usage of Equipment 25 23.