Type Specimens at Botanical Survey of India, Central National Herbarium, Howrah (CAL) Monocot Type Specimens
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Sino-Indian Border Trade: the Promise of Jelep La
No. 24No. 45 May 2017 December 2014 Sino-Indian Border Trade: The Promise of Jelep La Diki Sherpa Research Assistant, Institute of Chinese Studies, Delhi [email protected] trade or an instance of trade diplomacy A decade has elapsed since the re-initiation towards India. of the border trade between India and China through Nathu La, though the Indian side This paper first, seeks to highlight the remains undecided on many fronts. Among possible reasons for the trade gap between others, one of the most crucial is the lack of India and China through Nathu La. Second, willingness for infrastructural development considering India’s comparative advantage against China’s agility for road-building. and potential through this sector, it suggests Notwithstanding, trade balance through re-opening of Jelep La as a viable option for Nathu La has continued to be in favour of further enhancing bilateral trade. The India. This is in stark contrast to the steep historical significance of Jelep La from imbalance that India suffers with China Kalimpong in North Bengal suggests the through other Indian border posts, such as vibrancy of this route and that the Lipu Lekh and Shipki La in Uttarakhand and topography facilitates smooth access to Himachal Pradesh. Interestingly, the relative Tibet. Further, it can act as a potent force for trade imbalance that exists through Nathu La bridging the spatial differences, promoting does not seem to be of much concern to mutual cooperation and fostering healthy China, so far. The lack of Chinese protest interdependence between the two here raises the question of whether this neighbouring countries. -
The Diversity of Wild Orchids in the Southern Slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Eight Years After the 2010 Eruption
BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 21, Number 9, September 2020 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 4457-4465 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210964 The diversity of wild orchids in the southern slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia eight years after the 2010 eruption FEBRI YUDA KURNIAWAN1,2,♥, FAUZANA PUTRI2,3, AHMAD SUYOKO2,3, HIMAWAN MASYHURI2,3, MAYA PURQI SULISTIANINGRUM2,3, ENDANG SEMIARTI3,♥♥ 1Postgraduate School, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Jl. Teknika Utara, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Tel./fax. +62-274-544975, email: [email protected] 2Biology Orchid Study Club (BiOSC), Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 3Department of Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Tel./fax.: +62-274-580839, email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 21 August 2020. Revision accepted: 31 August 2020. Abstract. Kurniawan FY, Putri F, Suyoko A, Masyhuri H, Sulistianingrum MP, Semiarti E. 2020. The diversity of wild orchids in the southern slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia eight years after the 2010 eruption. Biodiversitas 21: 4457-4465. The ecosystem of the slopes of Mount Merapi is mountain tropical forest which is frequently affected by volcanic activities. The dynamics of the volcano affect the diversity and abundance of orchids in the ecosystem. Tritis is an area included in the Turgo Hill of the southern slope of Mount Merapi and is under the management of Mount Merapi National Park. The ecosystem in Tritis area classified as lower mountain forest and it has been affected by Mount Merapi eruption. This study aimed to do an inventory of orchid species in Tritis to know the diversity and abundance of orchids that exist in this area. -
AGCBC Seedlist2019booklet
! Alpine Garden Club of British Columbia Seed Exchange 2019 Alpine Garden Club of British Columbia Seed Exchange 2019 We are very grateful to all those members who have made our Seed Exchange possible through donating seeds. The number of donors was significantly down this year, which makes the people who do donate even more precious. We particularly want to thank the new members who donated seed in their first year with the Club. A big thank-you also to those living locally who volunteer so much time and effort to packaging and filling orders. READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE FILLING IN THE REQUEST FORM. PLEASE KEEP YOUR SEED LIST, packets will be marked by number only. Return the enclosed request form by mail or, if you have registered to do so, by the on-line form, as soon as possible, but no later than DECEMBER 8. Allocation: Donors may receive up to 60 packets and non-donors 30 packets, limit of one packet of each selection. Donors receive preference for seeds in short supply (USDA will permit no more than 50 packets for those living in the USA). List first choices by number only, in strict numerical order, from left to right on the order form. Enter a sufficient number of second choices in the spaces below, since we may not be able to provide all your first choices. Please print clearly. Please be aware that we have again listed wild collected seed (W) and garden seed (G) of the same species separately, which is more convenient for people ordering on-line. -
Western Ghats & Sri Lanka Biodiversity Hotspot
Ecosystem Profile WESTERN GHATS & SRI LANKA BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT WESTERN GHATS REGION FINAL VERSION MAY 2007 Prepared by: Kamal S. Bawa, Arundhati Das and Jagdish Krishnaswamy (Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology & the Environment - ATREE) K. Ullas Karanth, N. Samba Kumar and Madhu Rao (Wildlife Conservation Society) in collaboration with: Praveen Bhargav, Wildlife First K.N. Ganeshaiah, University of Agricultural Sciences Srinivas V., Foundation for Ecological Research, Advocacy and Learning incorporating contributions from: Narayani Barve, ATREE Sham Davande, ATREE Balanchandra Hegde, Sahyadri Wildlife and Forest Conservation Trust N.M. Ishwar, Wildlife Institute of India Zafar-ul Islam, Indian Bird Conservation Network Niren Jain, Kudremukh Wildlife Foundation Jayant Kulkarni, Envirosearch S. Lele, Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Environment & Development M.D. Madhusudan, Nature Conservation Foundation Nandita Mahadev, University of Agricultural Sciences Kiran M.C., ATREE Prachi Mehta, Envirosearch Divya Mudappa, Nature Conservation Foundation Seema Purshothaman, ATREE Roopali Raghavan, ATREE T. R. Shankar Raman, Nature Conservation Foundation Sharmishta Sarkar, ATREE Mohammed Irfan Ullah, ATREE and with the technical support of: Conservation International-Center for Applied Biodiversity Science Assisted by the following experts and contributors: Rauf Ali Gladwin Joseph Uma Shaanker Rene Borges R. Kannan B. Siddharthan Jake Brunner Ajith Kumar C.S. Silori ii Milind Bunyan M.S.R. Murthy Mewa Singh Ravi Chellam Venkat Narayana H. Sudarshan B.A. Daniel T.S. Nayar R. Sukumar Ranjit Daniels Rohan Pethiyagoda R. Vasudeva Soubadra Devy Narendra Prasad K. Vasudevan P. Dharma Rajan M.K. Prasad Muthu Velautham P.S. Easa Asad Rahmani Arun Venkatraman Madhav Gadgil S.N. Rai Siddharth Yadav T. Ganesh Pratim Roy Santosh George P.S. -
NUNAWADING MILITARY HISTORY GROUP MINI NEWSLETTER No. 21 SINO INDIAN WAR of 1967
NUNAWADING MILITARY HISTORY GROUP MINI NEWSLETTER No. 21 SINO INDIAN WAR OF 1967 The Nathu La and Cho La clashes were a series of military clashes between India and China alongside the border of the Himalayan Kingdom of Sikkim, then an Indian protectorate. The Nathu La clashes started on 11 September 1967, when the People's Liberation Army (PLA) launched an attack on Indian posts at Nathu La, and lasted till 15 September 1967. In October 1967, another military duel took place at Cho La and ended on the same day. According to independent sources, India achieved "decisive tactical advantage" and managed to hold its own against Chinese forces. PLA fortifications at Nathu La were said to be destroyed, where the Indian troops drove back the attacking Chinese forces. The competition to control the disputed borderland in Chumbi valley is seen as a major cause for heightening the tensions in these incidents. Observers have commented that these clashes indicated the decline of 'claim strength' in China's decision to initiate the use of force against India, and stated that India was greatly pleased with the combat performance of its forces in the Nathu La clashes, seeing it as a sign of striking improvement since its defeat in the 1962 Sino-Indian War. Background Following the 1962 Sino-Indian War, tensions continued to run high along the Himalayan border shared by India and China. Influenced by its previous defeat, the Indian Army raised a number of new units, nearly doubling their deployed forces along the disputed region. As a part of this military expansion, seven mountain divisions were raised to defend India's northern borders against any Chinese attack. -
First Report on the Ethnopharmacological Uses of Medicinal Plants Among Monpa Tribe Living in the Zemithang Region of the Arunachal Pradesh, Eastern Himalayas, India
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 29 November 2016 doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0144.v1 Peer-reviewed version available at Plants 2017, 6, 13; doi:10.3390/plants6010013 Communication First Report on the Ethnopharmacological Uses of Medicinal Plants among Monpa Tribe Living in the Zemithang Region of the Arunachal Pradesh, Eastern Himalayas, India Tamalika Chakraborty 1,2, Somidh Saha 3,4,* and Narendra S. Bisht 3,5 1 Institute of Ethnobotany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474001, India; [email protected] 2 Chair of Vegetation Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79085, Germany 3 Resource Survey and Management Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun 248006, India; [email protected] 4 Chair of Silviculture, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79085, Germany 5 Directorate of Extension, Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehra Dun 248001, India * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +49-761/203-8627; Fax: +49-761/203-3781 Abstract: The Himalaya is well known for high diversity and ethnobotanical uses of medicinal plants. However, not all areas of the Himalayas are well studied. In particular, studies on ethnobotanical uses of plants from the Eastern Himalayas are rare and lacking for many tribes. Past studies primarily focused on listing plants name and their traditional medicinal uses. However, studies on traditional ethnopharmacological practices on medicine preparation had not yet been reported in published literature from the Eastern Himalaya. In this study, we are reporting the first time ethnopharmacological used 24 medicines, their procedures of preparation and listed 53 plant species used for those medicines for Monpa tribe. -
Epilist 1.0: a Global Checklist of Vascular Epiphytes
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2021 EpiList 1.0: a global checklist of vascular epiphytes Zotz, Gerhard ; Weigelt, Patrick ; Kessler, Michael ; Kreft, Holger ; Taylor, Amanda Abstract: Epiphytes make up roughly 10% of all vascular plant species globally and play important functional roles, especially in tropical forests. However, to date, there is no comprehensive list of vas- cular epiphyte species. Here, we present EpiList 1.0, the first global list of vascular epiphytes based on standardized definitions and taxonomy. We include obligate epiphytes, facultative epiphytes, and hemiepiphytes, as the latter share the vulnerable epiphytic stage as juveniles. Based on 978 references, the checklist includes >31,000 species of 79 plant families. Species names were standardized against World Flora Online for seed plants and against the World Ferns database for lycophytes and ferns. In cases of species missing from these databases, we used other databases (mostly World Checklist of Selected Plant Families). For all species, author names and IDs for World Flora Online entries are provided to facilitate the alignment with other plant databases, and to avoid ambiguities. EpiList 1.0 will be a rich source for synthetic studies in ecology, biogeography, and evolutionary biology as it offers, for the first time, a species‐level overview over all currently known vascular epiphytes. At the same time, the list represents work in progress: species descriptions of epiphytic taxa are ongoing and published life form information in floristic inventories and trait and distribution databases is often incomplete and sometimes evenwrong. -
Conservation Status Assessment of Native Vascular Flora of Kalam Valley, Swat District, Northern Pakistan
Vol. 10(11), pp. 453-470, November 2018 DOI: 10.5897/IJBC2018.1211 Article Number: 44D405259203 ISSN: 2141-243X Copyright ©2018 International Journal of Biodiversity and Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/IJBC Conservation Full Length Research Paper Conservation status assessment of native vascular flora of Kalam Valley, Swat District, Northern Pakistan Bakht Nawab1*, Jan Alam2, Haider Ali3, Manzoor Hussain2, Mujtaba Shah2, Siraj Ahmad1, Abbas Hussain Shah4 and Azhar Mehmood5 1Government Post Graduate Jahanzeb College, Saidu Sharif Swat Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa, Pakistan. 2Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa, Pakistan. 3Department of Botany, University of Swat Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa, Pakistan. 4Government Post Graduate College, Mansehra Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa, Pakistan. 5Government Post Graduate College, Mandian Abotabad Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa, Pakistan. Received 14 July, 2018; Accepted 9 October, 2018 In the present study, conservation status of important vascular flora found in Kalam valley was assessed. Kalam Valley represents the extreme northern part of Swat District in KPK Province of Pakistan. The valley contains some of the precious medicinal plants. 245 plant species which were assessed for conservation studies revealed that 10.20% (25 species) were found to be endangered, 28.16% (69 species) appeared to be vulnerable. Similarly, 50.6% (124 species) were rare, 8.16% (20 species) were infrequent and 2.9% (7 species) were recognized as dominant. It was concluded that Kalam Valley inhabits most important plants majority of which are used in medicines; but due to anthropogenic activities including unplanned tourism, deforestation, uprooting of medicinal plants and over grazing, majority of these plant species are rapidly heading towards regional extinction in the near future. -
Comparative Analysis of the Complete Chloroplast Genomes in Allium Subgenus Cyathophora (Amaryllidaceae): Phylogenetic Relationship and Adaptive Evolution
Hindawi BioMed Research International Volume 2020, Article ID 1732586, 17 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1732586 Research Article Comparative Analysis of the Complete Chloroplast Genomes in Allium Subgenus Cyathophora (Amaryllidaceae): Phylogenetic Relationship and Adaptive Evolution Xin Yang, Deng-Feng Xie, Jun-Pei Chen, Song-Dong Zhou, Yan Yu, and Xing-Jin He Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China Correspondence should be addressed to Xing-Jin He; [email protected] Received 13 August 2019; Accepted 7 December 2019; Published 17 January 2020 Academic Editor: Marcelo A. Soares Copyright © 2020 Xin Yang et al. -is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Recent advances in molecular phylogenetics provide us with information of Allium L. taxonomy and evolution, such as the subgenus Cyathophora, which is monophyletic and contains five species. However, previous studies detected distinct incon- gruence between the nrDNA and cpDNA phylogenies, and the interspecies relationships of this subgenus need to be furtherly resolved. In our study, we newly assembled the whole chloroplast genome of four species in subgenus Cyathophora and two allied Allium species. -e complete cp genomes were found to possess a quadripartite structure, and the genome size ranged from 152,913 to 154,174 bp. Among these cp genomes, there were subtle differences in the gene order, gene content, and GC content. Seven hotspot regions (infA, rps16, rps15, ndhF, trnG-UCC, trnC-GCA, and trnK-UUU) with nucleotide diversity greater than 0.02 were discovered. -
Mountain Pass Is a Navigable Rout Through a Range Or Over a Ridge. It Is in the Zaskar Range of Jammu & Kashmir at an Elevation of 3528 M
Mountain pass is a navigable rout through a range or over a ridge. It is in the Zaskar range of Jammu & Kashmir at an elevation of 3528 m. Mountain pass is a connectivity route through the mountain run. It connects Shrinagar with Kargil and Leh. Mountain pass are often found just above the source of river, constituting Road passing through this pass has been designated at the National Highway (NH-1D) a drainage divide. A pass me be very short, consisting of steep slope to the top of the Zoji La pass pass or maybe a valley many kilometer long. Mintaka pass Introduction Located in the Karakoram range at an elevation of 4709 m At the tri-junction of the Indian, Chinese & Afghan Border. Mountain Passes in India Aghil pass Karakoram pass Located in the Karakoram range at an elevation of about 4805 m This pass separates the Ladakh region in India with the Shaksgam Located in the Karakoram range at an elevation of 5540 m. valley in China. Act as a passage between India china with the help of Khardung La It is situated to the north of Mount Godwin-Austin in the Karakoram the Karakoram Highway. The route was part of the ancient Silk route active in history Located in the Karakoram range at an elevation of 5359 m in the Ladakh region. It is the highest motorable pass in the countary. It connect Leh and Siachen glaciers. Located in the Himalayan range in Jammu & Kashmir at an elevation Located in the Himalayan range in the state of Himachal Pradesh,. -
Western Ghats
Western Ghats From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "Sahyadri" redirects here. For other uses, see Sahyadri (disambiguation). Western Ghats Sahyadri सहहदररद Western Ghats as seen from Gobichettipalayam, Tamil Nadu Highest point Peak Anamudi (Eravikulam National Park) Elevation 2,695 m (8,842 ft) Coordinates 10°10′N 77°04′E Coordinates: 10°10′N 77°04′E Dimensions Length 1,600 km (990 mi) N–S Width 100 km (62 mi) E–W Area 160,000 km2 (62,000 sq mi) Geography The Western Ghats lie roughly parallel to the west coast of India Country India States List[show] Settlements List[show] Biome Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Geology Period Cenozoic Type of rock Basalt and Laterite UNESCO World Heritage Site Official name: Natural Properties - Western Ghats (India) Type Natural Criteria ix, x Designated 2012 (36th session) Reference no. 1342 State Party India Region Indian subcontinent The Western Ghats are a mountain range that runs almost parallel to the western coast of the Indian peninsula, located entirely in India. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is one of the eight "hottest hotspots" of biological diversity in the world.[1][2] It is sometimes called the Great Escarpment of India.[3] The range runs north to south along the western edge of the Deccan Plateau, and separates the plateau from a narrow coastal plain, called Konkan, along the Arabian Sea. A total of thirty nine properties including national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and reserve forests were designated as world heritage sites - twenty in Kerala, ten in Karnataka, five in Tamil Nadu and four in Maharashtra.[4][5] The range starts near the border of Gujarat and Maharashtra, south of the Tapti river, and runs approximately 1,600 km (990 mi) through the states of Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu ending at Kanyakumari, at the southern tip of India. -
Wildlife Travel Armenia 2019
WILDLIFE TRAVEL Armenia 2019 A gallery of photos from this visit can be seen at www.flickr.com/photos/wildlifetravel/albums/72157708854336866 Armenia, 14th to 24th May 2019: recce trip report Top: Phelypaea tournefortii and Pedicularis wilhelmsiana (Orobanchaceae) Bottom: Pulsatilla albana (Ranunculaceae) and Dictamnus albus (Rutaceae) 2 Armenia, 14th to 24th May 2019: recce trip report Top: Onobrychis cornuta and Astragalus chardinii (Fabaceae) Bottom: Phlomoides laciniata and Stachys lavendulifolia (Lamiaceae) 3 Armenia, 14th to 24th May 2019: recce trip report First seen SCIENTIFIC NAME NOTES DICOTYLEDONS Apiaceae Anthriscus cerefolium Chervil 15th Leiotulus (=Malabaila) dasyanthus 15th Apocyanaceae (includes Asclepediaceae) Vinca herbacea Low-growing Periwinkle, above Tatar 18th Asteraceae Centaurea depressa Low Cornflower 15th Gundelia aragatsi Paler pink flowers, woolly leaves, Gndasar 16th Gundelia armeniaca Deep pink flowered, near Garni 15th Tragopogon latifolium ‘chewing gum’ plant 17th Boraginaceae Alkanna orientalis Yellow alkanet, Garni gorge 15th Anchusa azurea Blue alkanet, road verges 15th Arnebia pulchra Yellow flowers with black spots, high altitude 19th Asperugo procumbens Madwort blue-flowered, Velcro-like leaves, village 15th road verges Moltkia coerulea Small blue flowered ‘borage’, near Tigranashen 15th Nonea pulla Black-flowers, eastern side of Lake Sevan 21st Onosma microcarpa Prickly/hairy goldendrop, above Khachik 16th Onosma sericea Pale yellow goldendrop, Garni gorge 15th Rindera lanata Very woolly, pink flowers