Leptospirosis and Coinfection: Should We Be Concerned?
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Fournier's Gangrene Caused by Listeria Monocytogenes As
CASE REPORT Fournier’s gangrene caused by Listeria monocytogenes as the primary organism Sayaka Asahata MD1, Yuji Hirai MD PhD1, Yusuke Ainoda MD PhD1, Takahiro Fujita MD1, Yumiko Okada DVM PhD2, Ken Kikuchi MD PhD1 S Asahata, Y Hirai, Y Ainoda, T Fujita, Y Okada, K Kikuchi. Une gangrène de Fournier causée par le Listeria Fournier’s gangrene caused by Listeria monocytogenes as the monocytogenes comme organisme primaire primary organism. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2015;26(1):44-46. Un homme de 70 ans ayant des antécédents de cancer de la langue s’est présenté avec une gangrène de Fournier causée par un Listeria A 70-year-old man with a history of tongue cancer presented with monocytogenes de sérotype 4b. Le débridement chirurgical a révélé un Fournier’s gangrene caused by Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b. adénocarcinome rectal non diagnostiqué. Le patient n’avait pas Surgical debridement revealed undiagnosed rectal adenocarcinoma. d’antécédents alimentaires ou de voyage apparents, mais a déclaré The patient did not have an apparent dietary or travel history but consommer des sashimis (poisson cru) tous les jours. reported daily consumption of sashimi (raw fish). L’âge avancé et l’immunodéficience causée par l’adénocarcinome rec- Old age and immunodeficiency due to rectal adenocarcinoma may tal ont peut-être favorisé l’invasion directe du L monocytogenes par la have supported the direct invasion of L monocytogenes from the tumeur. Il s’agit du premier cas déclaré de gangrène de Fournier tumour. The present article describes the first reported case of attribuable au L monocytogenes. Les auteurs proposent d’inclure la con- Fournier’s gangrene caused by L monocytogenes. -
Kellie ID Emergencies.Pptx
4/24/11 ID Alert! recognizing rapidly fatal infections Susan M. Kellie, MD, MPH Professor of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases, UNMSOM Hospital Epidemiologist UNMHSC and NMVAHCS Fever and…. Rash and altered mental status Rash Muscle pain Lymphadenopathy Hypotension Shortness of breath Recent travel Abdominal pain and diarrhea Case 1. The cross-country trucker A 30 year-old trucker driving from Oklahoma to California is hospitalized in Deming with fever and headache He is treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, but deteriorates with obtundation, low platelet count, and a centrifugal petechial rash and is transferred to UNMH 1 4/24/11 What is your diagnosis? What is the differential diagnosis of fever and headache with petechial rash? (in the US) Tickborne rickettsioses ◦ RMSF Bacteria ◦ Neisseria meningitidis Key diagnosis in this case: “doxycycline deficiency” Key vector-borne rickettsioses treated with doxycycline: RMSF-case-fatality 5-10% ◦ Fever, nausea, vomiting, myalgia, anorexia and headache ◦ Maculopapular rash progresses to petechial after 2-4 days of fever ◦ Occasionally without rash Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis (HGA): case-fatality<1% Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis (HME): case fatality 2-3% 2 4/24/11 Lab clues in rickettsioses The total white blood cell (WBC) count is typicallynormal in patients with RMSF, but increased numbers of immature bands are generally observed. Thrombocytopenia, mild elevations in hepatic transaminases, and hyponatremia might be observed with RMSF whereas leukopenia -
Diagnostic Code Descriptions (ICD9)
INFECTIONS AND PARASITIC DISEASES INTESTINAL AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES (001 – 009.3) 001 CHOLERA 001.0 DUE TO VIBRIO CHOLERAE 001.1 DUE TO VIBRIO CHOLERAE EL TOR 001.9 UNSPECIFIED 002 TYPHOID AND PARATYPHOID FEVERS 002.0 TYPHOID FEVER 002.1 PARATYPHOID FEVER 'A' 002.2 PARATYPHOID FEVER 'B' 002.3 PARATYPHOID FEVER 'C' 002.9 PARATYPHOID FEVER, UNSPECIFIED 003 OTHER SALMONELLA INFECTIONS 003.0 SALMONELLA GASTROENTERITIS 003.1 SALMONELLA SEPTICAEMIA 003.2 LOCALIZED SALMONELLA INFECTIONS 003.8 OTHER 003.9 UNSPECIFIED 004 SHIGELLOSIS 004.0 SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE 004.1 SHIGELLA FLEXNERI 004.2 SHIGELLA BOYDII 004.3 SHIGELLA SONNEI 004.8 OTHER 004.9 UNSPECIFIED 005 OTHER FOOD POISONING (BACTERIAL) 005.0 STAPHYLOCOCCAL FOOD POISONING 005.1 BOTULISM 005.2 FOOD POISONING DUE TO CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS (CL.WELCHII) 005.3 FOOD POISONING DUE TO OTHER CLOSTRIDIA 005.4 FOOD POISONING DUE TO VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS 005.8 OTHER BACTERIAL FOOD POISONING 005.9 FOOD POISONING, UNSPECIFIED 006 AMOEBIASIS 006.0 ACUTE AMOEBIC DYSENTERY WITHOUT MENTION OF ABSCESS 006.1 CHRONIC INTESTINAL AMOEBIASIS WITHOUT MENTION OF ABSCESS 006.2 AMOEBIC NONDYSENTERIC COLITIS 006.3 AMOEBIC LIVER ABSCESS 006.4 AMOEBIC LUNG ABSCESS 006.5 AMOEBIC BRAIN ABSCESS 006.6 AMOEBIC SKIN ULCERATION 006.8 AMOEBIC INFECTION OF OTHER SITES 006.9 AMOEBIASIS, UNSPECIFIED 007 OTHER PROTOZOAL INTESTINAL DISEASES 007.0 BALANTIDIASIS 007.1 GIARDIASIS 007.2 COCCIDIOSIS 007.3 INTESTINAL TRICHOMONIASIS 007.8 OTHER PROTOZOAL INTESTINAL DISEASES 007.9 UNSPECIFIED 008 INTESTINAL INFECTIONS DUE TO OTHER ORGANISMS -
Can Leptospirosis Be Treated Without Any Kind of Medication?
ISSN: 2573-9565 Research Article Journal of Clinical Review & Case Reports Can Leptospirosis Be Treated Without Any Kind of Medication? Huang W L* *Corresponding author Huang Wei Ling, Rua Homero Pacheco Alves, 1929, Franca, Sao Paulo, Infectologist, general practitioner, nutrition doctor, acupuncturist, 14400-010, Brazil, Tel: (+55 16) 3721-2437; E-mail: [email protected] pain management, Medical Acupuncture and Pain Management Clinic, Franca, Sao Paulo, Brazil Submitted: 16 Apr 2018; Accepted: 23 Apr 2018; Published: 10 May 2018 Abstract Introduction: Leptospirosis is an acute infectious disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira. Spread in a variety of ways, though the digestive tract infection is the main route of infection. As the disease pathogen final position in the kidney, the urine has an important role in the proliferation of the disease spreading [1]. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to show if leptospirosis can be treated without any kind of medication. The methodology used was the presentation of one case report of a woman presenting three days of generalized pain all over her body, especially in her muscles, mainly the calves of her legs, fever, headache and trembling. A blood exam was asked, as well as serology and acupuncture to relieve her symptoms. Findings: she recovered very well after five sessions of Acupuncture once a day. A month later, she came back with the results of her serology: it was positive leptospirosis. Conclusion: In this case, leptospirosis was cured without the use any kind of medication, being acupuncture a good therapeutic option, reducing the necessity of the patient’s admittance into a hospital, minimizing the costs of the treatmentand restoring the patient to a normal life very quickly. -
CD Alert Monthly Newsletter of National Centre for Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Government of India
CD Alert Monthly Newsletter of National Centre for Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Government of India May - July 2009 Vol. 13 : No. 1 SCRUB TYPHUS & OTHER RICKETTSIOSES it lacks lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan RICKETTSIAL DISEASES and does not have an outer slime layer. It is These are the diseases caused by rickettsiae endowed with a major surface protein (56kDa) which are small, gram negative bacilli adapted and some minor surface protein (110, 80, 46, to obligate intracellular parasitism, and 43, 39, 35, 25 and 25kDa). There are transmitted by arthropod vectors. These considerable differences in virulence and organisms are primarily parasites of arthropods antigen composition among individual strains such as lice, fleas, ticks and mites, in which of O.tsutsugamushi. O.tsutsugamushi has they are found in the alimentary canal. In many serotypes (Karp, Gillian, Kato and vertebrates, including humans, they infect the Kawazaki). vascular endothelium and reticuloendothelial GLOBAL SCENARIO cells. Commonly known rickettsial disease is Scrub Typhus. Geographic distribution of the disease occurs within an area of about 13 million km2 including- The family Rickettsiaeceae currently comprises Afghanistan and Pakistan to the west; Russia of three genera – Rickettsia, Orientia and to the north; Korea and Japan to the northeast; Ehrlichia which appear to have descended Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and northern from a common ancestor. Former members Australia to the south; and some smaller of the family, Coxiella burnetii, which causes islands in the western Pacific. It was Q fever and Rochalimaea quintana causing first observed in Japan where it was found to trench fever have been excluded because the be transmitted by mites. -
Early History of Infectious Disease
© Jones and Bartlett Publishers. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION CHAPTER ONE EARLY HISTORY OF INFECTIOUS 1 DISEASE Kenrad E. Nelson, Carolyn F. Williams Epidemics of infectious diseases have been documented throughout history. In ancient Greece and Egypt accounts describe epidemics of smallpox, leprosy, tuberculosis, meningococcal infections, and diphtheria.1 The morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases profoundly shaped politics, commerce, and culture. In epidemics, none were spared. Smallpox likely disfigured and killed Ramses V in 1157 BCE, although his mummy has a significant head wound as well.2 At times political upheavals exasperated the spread of disease. The Spartan wars caused massive dislocation of Greeks into Athens triggering the Athens epidemic of 430–427 BCE that killed up to one half of the population of ancient Athens.3 Thucydides’ vivid descriptions of this epidemic make clear its political and cultural impact, as well as the clinical details of the epidemic.4 Several modern epidemiologists have hypothesized on the causative agent. Langmuir et al.,5 favor a combined influenza and toxin-producing staphylococcus epidemic, while Morrens and Chu suggest Rift Valley Fever.6 A third researcher, Holladay believes the agent no longer exists.7 From the earliest times, man has sought to understand the natural forces and risk factors affecting the patterns of illness and death in society. These theories have evolved as our understanding of the natural world has advanced, sometimes slowly, sometimes, when there are profound break- throughs, with incredible speed. Remarkably, advances in knowledge and changes in theory have not always proceeded in synchrony. Although wrong theories or knowledge have hindered advances in understanding, there are also examples of great creativity when scientists have successfully pursued their theories beyond the knowledge of the time. -
Leptospirosis Associated Equine Recurrent Uveitis Answers to Your Important Questions What Is Leptospirosis Associated Equine Recurrent Uveitis (LAERU)?
Lisa Dauten, DVM Tri-State Veterinary Services LLC " Leptospirosis Associated Equine Recurrent Uveitis Answers to your Important Questions! What is Leptospirosis Associated Equine Recurrent Uveitis (LAERU)? Let’s start by breaking down some terminology.! Uveitis- inflammation of the uvea. Resulting in cloudiness of the eye, pain, and potential blindness. Also know as “Moon Blindness”. Caused by trauma, infection, or corneal disease.! Uvea- part of the eye containing the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. It keeps the lens of the eye in place, maintains fluid in the eye, and keeps things in the blood from entering the inside of the eye (blood-ocular barrier). ! Recurrent Uveitis- inflammation of the uvea that sporadically reoccurs through out a horses life time. Each time there is a reoccurring episode, the damage to the eye is made worse, eventually leading to permanent damage and potential blindness. ! Leptospirosis- bacteria found in the environment shed in the urine of wildlife and livestock. Horses usually are exposed when grazing pastures or drinking from natural water sources.! LAERU- Recurrent Uveitis in horses caused by Leptospirosis.! What are the clinical signs of Uveitis? Uveitis can come on very suddenly. A lot of times horses present with severe pain in the eye, tearing, squinting, and rubbing face. The eye itself is cloudy, white or blue in color. Sometimes the signs are not as dramatic. The color change of the eye may progress slowly. In these cases, horse owners may mistake the changes for cataracts.! What do I do if I think my horse has Uveitis? Call your veterinarian to request an appointment. -
What Is Sepsis?
What is sepsis? Sepsis is a serious medical condition resulting from an infection. As part of the body’s inflammatory response to fight infection, chemicals are released into the bloodstream. These chemicals can cause blood vessels to leak and clot, meaning organs like the kidneys, lung, and heart will not get enough oxygen. The blood clots can also decrease blood flow to the legs and arms leading to gangrene. There are three stages of sepsis: sepsis, severe sepsis, and ultimately septic shock. In the United States, there are more than one million cases with more than 258,000 deaths per year. More people die from sepsis each year than the combined deaths from prostate cancer, breast cancer, and HIV. More than 50 percent of people who develop the most severe form—septic shock—die. Septic shock is a life-threatening condition that happens when your blood pressure drops to a dangerously low level after an infection. Who is at risk? Anyone can get sepsis, but the elderly, infants, and people with weakened immune systems or chronic illnesses are most at risk. People in healthcare settings after surgery or with invasive central intravenous lines and urinary catheters are also at risk. Any type of infection can lead to sepsis, but sepsis is most often associated with pneumonia, abdominal infections, or kidney infections. What are signs and symptoms of sepsis? The initial symptoms of the first stage of sepsis are: A temperature greater than 101°F or less than 96.8°F A rapid heart rate faster than 90 beats per minute A rapid respiratory rate faster than 20 breaths per minute A change in mental status Additional symptoms may include: • Shivering, paleness, or shortness of breath • Confusion or difficulty waking up • Extreme pain (described as “worst pain ever”) Two or more of the symptoms suggest that someone is becoming septic and needs immediate medical attention. -
Leptospirosis: a Waterborne Zoonotic Disease of Global Importance
August 2006 volume 22 number 08 Leptospirosis: A waterborne zoonotic disease of global importance INTRODUCTION syndrome has two phases: a septicemic and an immune phase (Levett, 2005). Leptospirosis is considered one of the most common zoonotic diseases It is in the immune phase that organ-specific damage and more severe illness globally. In the United States, outbreaks are increasingly being reported is seen. See text box for more information on the two phases. The typical among those participating in recreational water activities (Centers for Disease presenting signs of leptospirosis in humans are fever, headache, chills, con- Control and Prevention [CDC], 1996, 1998, and 2001) and sporadic cases are junctival suffusion, and myalgia (particularly in calf and lumbar areas) often underdiagnosed. With the onset of warm temperatures, increased (Heymann, 2004). Less common signs include a biphasic fever, meningitis, outdoor activities, and travel, Georgia may expect to see more leptospirosis photosensitivity, rash, and hepatic or renal failure. cases. DIAGNOSIS OF LEPTOSPIROSIS Leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by infection with the bacterium Leptospira Detecting serum antibodies against leptospira interrogans. The disease occurs worldwide, but it is most common in temper- • Microscopic Agglutination Titers (MAT) ate regions in the late summer and early fall and in tropical regions during o Paired serum samples which show a four-fold rise in rainy seasons. It is not surprising that Hawaii has the highest incidence of titer confirm the diagnosis; a single high titer in a per- leptospirosis in the United States (Levett, 2005). The reservoir of pathogenic son clinically suspected to have leptospirosis is highly leptospires is the renal tubules of wild and domestic animals. -
Skin Problems 15 Some Skin Problems Are Caused by Diseases Or Irritations That Affect the Skin Only—Such As Ringworm, Diaper Rash, Or Warts
193 CHAPTER Skin Problems 15 Some skin problems are caused by diseases or irritations that affect the skin only—such as ringworm, diaper rash, or warts. Other skin problems are signs of diseases that affect the whole body—such as the rash of measles or the sore, dry patches of pellagra (malnutrition). Certain kinds of sores or skin conditions may be signs of serious diseases—like tuberculosis, syphilis, leprosy, or HIV infection. This chapter deals only with the more common skin problems in rural areas. However, there are hundreds of diseases of the skin. Some look so much alike that they are hard to tell apart—yet their causes and the specific treatments they require may be quite different. If a skin problem is serious or gets worse in spite of treatment, seek medical help. Many skin problems can be helped by keeping the body clean. Try to wash once a day with mild soap and clean water. If the skin becomes too dry, wash less often and do not use soap every time. Try rubbing petroleum gel (Vaseline), glycerin, or vegetable oils into the skin after bathing. Wear loose cotton clothing. GENERAL RULES FOR TREATING SKIN PROBLEMS Although many skin problems need specific treatment, there are a few general measures that often help: RULE #1 RULE #2 If the affected area ishot and If the affected area itches, painful, or oozes pus, treat it stings, or oozes clear fluid, with heat. Put hot, moist cloths treat it with cold. Put cool, wet on it (hot compresses). cloths on it (cold compresses). -
Typhus Fever, Organism Inapparently
Rickettsia Importance Rickettsia prowazekii is a prokaryotic organism that is primarily maintained in prowazekii human populations, and spreads between people via human body lice. Infected people develop an acute, mild to severe illness that is sometimes complicated by neurological Infections signs, shock, gangrene of the fingers and toes, and other serious signs. Approximately 10-30% of untreated clinical cases are fatal, with even higher mortality rates in Epidemic typhus, debilitated populations and the elderly. People who recover can continue to harbor the Typhus fever, organism inapparently. It may re-emerge years later and cause a similar, though Louse–borne typhus fever, generally milder, illness called Brill-Zinsser disease. At one time, R. prowazekii Typhus exanthematicus, regularly caused extensive outbreaks, killing thousands or even millions of people. This gave rise to the most common name for the disease, epidemic typhus. Epidemic typhus Classical typhus fever, no longer occurs in developed countries, except as a sporadic illness in people who Sylvatic typhus, have acquired it while traveling, or who have carried the organism for years without European typhus, clinical signs. In North America, R. prowazekii is also maintained in southern flying Brill–Zinsser disease, Jail fever squirrels (Glaucomys volans), resulting in sporadic zoonotic cases. However, serious outbreaks still occur in some resource-poor countries, especially where people are in close contact under conditions of poor hygiene. Epidemics have the potential to emerge anywhere social conditions disintegrate and human body lice spread unchecked. Last Updated: February 2017 Etiology Rickettsia prowazekii is a pleomorphic, obligate intracellular, Gram negative coccobacillus in the family Rickettsiaceae and order Rickettsiales of the α- Proteobacteria. -
Ehrlichiosis in Brazil
Review Article Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet., Jaboticabal, v. 20, n. 1, p. 1-12, jan.-mar. 2011 ISSN 0103-846X (impresso) / ISSN 1984-2961 (eletrônico) Ehrlichiosis in Brazil Erliquiose no Brasil Rafael Felipe da Costa Vieira1; Alexander Welker Biondo2,3; Ana Marcia Sá Guimarães4; Andrea Pires dos Santos4; Rodrigo Pires dos Santos5; Leonardo Hermes Dutra1; Pedro Paulo Vissotto de Paiva Diniz6; Helio Autran de Morais7; Joanne Belle Messick4; Marcelo Bahia Labruna8; Odilon Vidotto1* 1Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina – UEL 2Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR 3Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Illinois 4Department of Veterinary Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, Lafayette 5Seção de Doenças Infecciosas, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS 6College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences 7Department of Clinical Sciences, Oregon State University 8Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Universidade de São Paulo – USP Received June 21, 2010 Accepted November 3, 2010 Abstract Ehrlichiosis is a disease caused by rickettsial organisms belonging to the genus Ehrlichia. In Brazil, molecular and serological studies have evaluated the occurrence of Ehrlichia species in dogs, cats, wild animals and humans. Ehrlichia canis is the main species found in dogs in Brazil, although E. ewingii infection has been recently suspected in five dogs. Ehrlichia chaffeensis DNA has been detected and characterized in mash deer, whereas E. muris and E. ruminantium have not yet been identified in Brazil. Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis caused by E. canis appears to be highly endemic in several regions of Brazil, however prevalence data are not available for several regions.