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Design, Execution and Analysis of the Livestock Breed Survey in Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia

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Design, Execution and Analysis of the Livestock Breed Survey in Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia Design, execution and analysis of the livestock breed survey in Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia editors Workneh Ayalew and J. Rowlands Oromiya Agricultural Development Bureau P.O. Box 8770, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia International Livestock Research Institute P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya Project team members: Anette van Dorland1 John Rowlands2 Asfaw Tolossa3 Edward Rege2 Workneh Ayalew4 Gemechu Degefa4 Markos Tibbo4 Yetnayet Mamo4 Enyew Negussie5 1. International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Current address: Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften, Tierernährung, ETH-Zürich, ETH-Zentrum, CH-8092 Zürich 2. ILRI, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya 3. Oromiya Agricultural Development Bureau, P.O. Box 8770, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 4. ILRI, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 5. ILRI, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Current address: MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research/Animal Breeding, 31600 Jokioinen, Finland © 2004 ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute) All rights reserved. Parts of this publication may be reproduced for non-commercial use provided that such reproduction shall be subject to acknowledgment of ILRI as holder of copyright. ISBN 92–9146–160–1 Correct citation: Workneh Ayalew, van Dorland A and Rowlands J. (eds). 2004. Design, execution and analysis of the livestock breed survey in Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia. OADB (Oromiya Agricultural Development Bureau), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. 260 pp. Table of contents Acronyms.............................................................iv Acknowledgments ......................................................v Foreword .............................................................1 1. Project background and objectives.......................................3 2. Planning and organisation of activities ...................................5 3. Development and design of sampling frame ...............................8 4. Questionnaire design and content......................................15 5. Field work activities .................................................17 6. Data coding and entry ...............................................20 7. Survey budget .....................................................23 8. Population estimation ...............................................25 9. Descriptive results ..................................................28 10. Cattle ............................................................64 11. Sheep ...........................................................120 12. Goat ............................................................172 13. Secondary species ..................................................222 14. Evaluation of the survey process ......................................250 15. Conclusion.......................................................252 iii Acronyms AEZ Agro-ecological zone AHC Agglomerative hierarchical clustering AnGR Animal genetic resources ARTP Agricultural Research and Training Project CBPP Contagious bovine pleuro-pneumonia CCPP Contagious caprine pleuro-pneumonia DA development agents EARO Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FMD Foot-and-mouth disease ha hectare HH households (number of) ILRI International Livestock Research Institute masl metre above sea level OADB Oromiya Agricultural Development Bureau OARI Oromiya Agricultural Research Institute PA Peasant association PCA Principal component analysis PPR Peste des petits ruminants SADC Southern Africa Development Community sd standard deviation (of the sample) se standard error (of the mean) UNDP United Nations Development Programme iv Acknowledgements Many people have contributed to the success of this project. Firstly, we would like to thank the farmers of Oromiya Regional State who were willing to provide information on their households and animals. We would also like to thank all the zonal and woreda livestock experts, together with development agents from the Oromiya agricultural offices, who conducted the survey. The research team is also heavily indebted to Mr Asfaw Tolossa of the Oromiya Agri- cultural Development Bureau (OADB) who served as the main link between the research team, OADB in Addis Ababa and the field staff of the OADB at zone and district levels throughout the implementation of this study and without whom this study would not have been possible. Dr Edward Rege of the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) initiated the project and provided overall supervision. Dr Enyew Negussie, during his stay at ILRI up to the middle of 2000, led the first part of the project, which involved the development of the questionnaires, sampling frame and field co-ordination of the survey. Ms Anette van Dorland, an Associate Professional Officer at ILRI between 01 April 2000 and 30 April 2003 with support from the Government of The Netherlands, led the second part of the project, and co-ordinated the remainder of the field data collection, supervised the data entry and analysed the data on cattle (Chapter 10). At the request of the OADB, the ILRI team composed of Dr Workneh Ayalew, Mr Gemechu Degefa, Dr Markos Tibbo and Ms Yetnayet Mamo analysed data on sheep, goats and secondary species and produced chapters 11, 12 and 13 of this report. Dr John Rowlands provided biometric assistance at various stages in the process from survey design to report writing. Finally, our thanks go to Fisseha Teklu, Nigatu Alemayehu, Eshetu Zerihun, Michael Temesgen, Ewnetu Ermias and a large number of data entry assistants for having contrib- uted in various ways to the outcome of this study. The survey fieldwork, analysis and report preparation was funded by OADB from funds provided by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). A reporting back workshop, on demonstrating the utility of the survey data and its results, was funded by the Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization (EARO) through the Oromiya Agricultural Research Institute (OARI) from the Agricultural Research and Training Project (ARTP) funds. v Foreword This report presents a comprehensive description of the methods used in the planning, execution and analysis of the livestock breed survey conducted in the Oromiya Regional State of Ethiopia between 2000 and 2003, as well as a baseline set of results of data analy- sis. It has 15 chapters. The first nine chapters describe the background of the study, its planning and implementation. Chapters 10, 11 and 12, respectively, present results of the survey on cattle, sheep and goats, which are considered in this survey as primary live- stock species or entry points for the design and execution of the study. Chapter 13 deals with secondary species, namely chickens, donkeys, horses, mules and camels, which were captured in the survey based on consideration of the primary species. Pigs were also in- cluded in the list of secondary species, but the data generated is too small to be included in the results as only a handful of households reported maintaining pigs. The last two chapters present an evaluation of the survey process and concluding remarks. The three questionnaires developed and administered in this survey are presented in the accompanying CD-ROM of the report, together with the coat colour chart developed and successfully used in the survey. The CD-ROM also contains breed descriptors and outputs of the supervisors training and reporting back workshops. This livestock breed survey was a collaborative initiative between the Oromiya Agricultural Development Bureau (OADB) and the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) funded this initiative. ILRI took charge of the design, execution and analysis of the data generated in consultation with OADB. This survey highly benefitted from the experiences in the im- plementation of a similar livestock survey project, supported by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) that ILRI undertook in Zimbabwe in collab- oration with the University of Zimbabwe and the Matapos Research Station. This work is undertaken as part of ILRI’s continuing research on the characterisation and conserv- ation of indigenous animal genetic resources with emphasis on providing essential research tools and building human capacity in collaborating national institutions to carry out related research as well as development activities. The survey primarily aims to provide a wide range of baseline data on livestock pro- duction, mainly cattle, sheep and goats (primary species) but also chickens, donkeys, horses, mules and camels (secondary species) in Oromiya Regional State. It also aims at developing and testing a livestock field survey methodology as a tool for breed charac- terisation. The survey has, however, failed short of identifying the indigenous breed types of the major livestock species due to unforeseen limitations of the data collected and especially because of the many ways farmers identify their livestock breed types. An appropriate statistical procedure was identified and demonstrated on a subset of the data to help achieve this last objective. 1 Despite a very short planning and implementation time, the survey was generally implemented successfully, with the key lesson that the time needed for such surveys should not be underestimated. It is hoped that the baseline information generated can support future livestock development
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