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Addis Ababa University, School of Graduate Studies, Environmental Science Program ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE PROGRAM THE IMPACT OF RESETTLEMENT ON WOODLAND VEGETATION: THE CASE OF CHEWAKA RESETTLEMENT AREA, SOUTHWESTERN ETHIOPIA BERHANU GENETI MORODA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE PROGRAM MAY 2007 ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA II ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE PROGRAM THE IMPACT OF RESETTLEMENT ON WOODLAND VEGETATION: THE CASE OF CHEWAKA RESETTLEMENT AREA, SOUTHWESTERN ETHIOPIA BY BERHANU GENETI MORODA file:///C|/Users/3020/Desktop/enviromental%20science/Berhanu%20Geneti%20Moroda.pdf.txt[6/1/2018 9:16:33 AM] THESIS SUBMITTED TO SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES OF ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF MASTERS DEGREE IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE MAY 2007 ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA III ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE PROGRAM THE IMPACT OF RESETTLEMENT ON WOODLAND VEGETATION: THE CASE OF CHEWAKA RESETTLEMENT AREA, SOUTHWESTEN ETHIOPIA BY BERHANU GENETI MORODA SCIENCE FACULTY APPROVED BY EXAMINING BOARD: Signature Dr Tadesse Woldemariam ______________ (Advisor) Dr Mulugeta Lemenih ________________ (Advisor) Dr Mekuria Argaw _________________ (Internal examiner) Dr Feyera Senbeta _________________ (External examiner) I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study would have not been possible with out the contribution of different organizations and individuals. First of all I am grateful to my employer, the Office of Gambella National Park that granted me study leave to continue my study at Addis Ababa University. I am also indebted to Addis Ababa University for offering me the scholarship. The Central Statistics Agency and Federal Meteorological Agency provided relevant information of the area. My advisors Dr Tadesse Woldemariam (Addis Ababa University) and Dr Mulugeta Lemenih (Hawassa University, Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources) have been advising and sharing their invaluable time and ideas for which I am highly grateful. In addition, my thanks go to Ato Amdemichael Mulugeta, researcher at Ethiopian Forest Research Center- Bedele Tree Seed Improvement Project, for his devotion of much of his time during data collection. My colleague Netsanet Deneke assisted me in so many ways for which he deserves acknowledgement. Ato Taye Gidelew of ILRI provided me the satellite image of the study area for which I am grateful. My other colleagues Ato Girma Urgecho and Ato Yidnekachew Habte assisted me in analysis of image for which they deserve great thanks. The Chewaka Woreda Administrative Office and Agricultural development offices file:///C|/Users/3020/Desktop/enviromental%20science/Berhanu%20Geneti%20Moroda.pdf.txt[6/1/2018 9:16:33 AM] deserve thanks for their kind co-operation in facilitating some works and providing relevant official documents. The cartographer and land use expert of Chewaka Woreda Agricultural Development Office, Ato Ahmednur Abdulle and Development Agents of the seven sites are all thanked for their co-operation during data collection. My friends are all acknowledged for their encouragement and support during my study especially that of Dawit Kebede and Girma Mengesha. It would be unfair not to mention the role of the farmers in this study who kindly spared their time and effort and responded tirelessly to the interview. The encouragement, tolerance and support rendered from my wife Firenesh Kumssa, our child Mati Berhanu and all my families deserve particular thanks. Finally, my apology is extended to the unintentional omission of others who have been contributed to this work. II TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................I LISTS OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................IV LISTS OF ANNEXES.................................................................................................................IV LIST OF ACRONYMS................................................................................................................. V ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................VI 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................ 1 1.2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ................................................................................ 3 1.3. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY...................................................................................... 5 1.3.1. GENERAL OBJECTIVES .............................................................................................. 5 1.3.2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES .............................................................................................. 5 1.5. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE RESEARCH.................................................... 5 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE.................................................................................................... 6 2.1. POPULATION GROWTH, DEFORESTATION AND LAND DEGRADATION....... 6 2.1.1. POPULATION GROWTH AND LAND DEGRADATION............................................. 6 2.1.2. DEFORESTATION AND LAND DEGRADATION ....................................................... 7 2.2. RESETTLEMENT ........................................................................................................... 11 2.2.1. RESETTLEMENT IN ETHIOPIA ................................................................................ 13 2.2.1.1. RESETTLEMENT DURING THE DERG REGIME ..................................... 14 2.2.1.2. RESETTLEMENT DURING EPRDF GOVERNMENT ............................... 15 2.2.1.3. RESETTLEMENT IN OROMIA REGIONAL STATE.................................. 17 2.3. CONSEQUENCES/IMPACTS OF RESETTLEMENT IN ETHIOPIA ..................... 17 2.3.1. SOCIAL IMPACTS OF RESETTLEMENT............................................................... 18 2.3.2. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF RESETTLEMENTS IN ETHIOPIA.................. 19 III 2.4. POLICY ISSUES............................................................................................................. 21 2.5. VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE OF THE WOODLANDS ........................................ 22 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS............................................................................................. 24 3.1. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA ..................................................................... 24 3.1.1. LOCATION.................................................................................................................24 3.1.2. CLIMATE.................................................................................................................... 24 3.1.4. SOIL AND GEOLOGY............................................................................................... 27 3.1.5. POPULATION ............................................................................................................ 27 3.1.6. AGRICULTURE ......................................................................................................... 28 3.2. METHODOLOGY............................................................................................................ 28 file:///C|/Users/3020/Desktop/enviromental%20science/Berhanu%20Geneti%20Moroda.pdf.txt[6/1/2018 9:16:33 AM] 3.2.1. VEGETATION COVER CHANGE STUDY ............................................................. 29 3.2.2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDY .................................................................................... 30 3.2.3. VEGETATION STUDY.............................................................................................. 31 3.3. MATERIALS USED ........................................................................................................ 31 3.4. DATA ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................... 32 4. RESULTS ................................................................................................................................ 33 4.1. VEGETATION COVER CHANGE................................................................................ 33 4.2. TREE SPECIES COMPOSITION................................................................................. 34 4.3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDY......................................................................................... 39 4.3.1. FOREST RESOURCE UTILIZATION PATTERN ................................................... 39 4.3.2. LAND HOLDING AND CONSERVATION ACTIVITIES ...................................... 41 5. DISCUSSION.......................................................................................................................... 44 6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................................. 50 6.1. CONCLUSIONS .............................................................................................................. 50 6.2. RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................................................................. 51 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................ 52 ANNEXES ...................................................................................................................................
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