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Lessons Learned from the Kobe Earthquake a Japanese Perspective
SPECIAL REPORT Lessons Learned from the Kobe Earthquake A Japanese Perspective Hiroshi Muguruma This report presents an overview of the Ph.D. performance of reinforced and precast, Professor Emeritus Department of prestressed concrete buildings during the Architectural Engineering Kyoto University Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake (also known as Kyoto, Japan the Great Hanshin earthquake) of January 17, 1995, situated in and around the city of Kobe, Japan. The performance of pile foundations is also examined. Highway bridges, rapid transit structures, and other special structures are covered elsewhere. The assessment of damage is related to the Minehiro Nishiyama evolution of design code provisions for Ph.D. concrete building structures in Japan. Department of Preliminary reports indicate that precast, Architectural Engineering Kyoto University prestressed concrete structures performed Kyoto, Japan remarkably well during the earthquake, especially those designed with recent seismic code provisions. The probable causes of the damage are examined, although it should be emphasized that several investigations are currently being carried out to determine more comprehensive causes of structural failures Fumio Watanabe, Ph.D. by many researchers, engineers, the Professor Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ), the Department of Architectural Engineering Japan Prestressed Concrete Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan Association (JPCEA), and other organizations. 28 PCI JOURNAL t precisely 5:46 a.m. in the N early morning of January 17, A 1995, a devastating earthquake struck Japan, imparting a trail of de ® ~ Severely damaged area struction across a narrow band extend ing from northern Awaji Island through the cities of Kobe, Ashiya, Nishinomiya and Takarazuka (see Fig. 1). The 7.2 Richter magnitude registered was one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded in Japan. -
Investigation Report on Earthquake Near Awajishima on April 13, 2013
Investigation Report on Earthquake near Awajishima on April 13, 2013 Atsushi MIKAMI1, Takashi KIYOTA2, Kazuo KONAGAI3 and Toshihiko KATAGIRI4 1Member of JSCE, Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Eng., The University of Tokushima (2-1 Minami-Josanjima, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan) E-mail: [email protected] 2Member of JSCE, Associate Professor, Inst., Industrial Science, University of Tokyo (4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan) E-mail: [email protected] 3Fellow of JSCE, Professor, Yokohama National University (79-1 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan) E-mail: [email protected] 4Member of JSCE, Technical Engineer, Inst., Industrial Science, University of Tokyo (4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan) E-mail: [email protected] Key Facts ・ Hazard Type: Earthquake ・ Date of the disaster: April 13, 2013 ・ Location of the survey (Lat. Lon., name or address): Awajishima-Island, Japan ・ Date of the field survey (if any): April 13 – April 23, 2013 ・ Survey tools (if any): Portable GPS receivers ・ Key findings 1) Strong motions on rocks were successfully recorded at both Naruto and Awaji sides of Onaruto-Bridge, a 1629m long suspension bridge across the Naruto Strait. There was about half a second time delay recognized in the record at Naruto side about 2km southwest of Awaji site. 2) Although the observed peak ground acceleration of about 600 gal was reached near the epicenter, overall damage to structures was insignificant. 3) Comparing velocity response spectra of both April 13th earthquake and the Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake of 1995, it was found that long-period components of the Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake surpassed those of the April 13th earthquake indicating that the April 13th earthquake was less significant than the overwhelming Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake. -
Great Hanshin Earthquake Disaster, January 17, Kobe District: Geological Survey of Japan, Scale Est to the 15,000 Members of GSA
Vol. 5, No. 8 August 1995 INSIDE • South-Central Section Meeting, p. 160 GSA TODAY • New Members, p. 161 A Publication of the Geological Society of America • New Fellows, Student Associates, p. 163 The 1995 Hanshin-Awaji (Kobe), Japan, Earthquake Thomas L. Holzer, U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 34° 135° 10' 45' 135° 15' 135° 20' R o k k o M o u n t a i n s Nikawa-Yurino Holocene Alluvium and Reclaimed Ground Active Faults (Late Quaternary Activity) Figure 1. Neotectonic CRYSTALLINE ROCK OUTCROP FILTRATION Dashed where inferred ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS PLANT Pliocene - Pleistocene Sediment gravel, sand, clay Faults (Early Quaternary or map of Osaka Bay region ANCIENT SHORELINE, 6000 yr B.P. Miocene Sediment and Volcanics Tertiary Activity) LITTORAL & LAGOONAL DEPOSITS (generalized from River sand & clay Pre-Tertiary Intrusives, Sediment, and Major Tectonic Line in Metamorphic Rock Pre-Tertiary Basement Sangawa et al., 1983; SHORELINE circa 1885 RECLAIMED GROUND 34° 45' Tsukuda et al., 1982; and -10 BASE OF MARINE CLAY 0 25 50 km Elevation, m Asiya Mukogawa Tsukuda et al., 1985). JMA INTENSITY 7 134°-30' 135° 135°-30' 2 ? ? ? Nishinomiya 2 Hanshin Expressway Daikai Kobe 5 Harbor TRAIN 25' 10 m ° STATION 43 35° 35° Expressway 20 m 135 34° 40' Hanshin Rokko Island Expressway Port 30 m 43 5 Island Figure 2. Generalized OSAKA geologic map of Kobe Osaka Bay 0 5 km KOBE (from Huzita and Kasama, N EPICENTER 1983) and Japanese 34° 40' I N L A N D S E A 34°-30' 34°-30' Meteorological Agency ° 135° 15' 135° 20 135° 25 O S A K A B A Y (JMA) intensity 7 area. -
Setonaikai National Park Was Established in 1934 As One of the First National Parks in Japan
An inland archipelago and year-round shimmering Setonaikai seascape where people and nature live as one 16 Setonaikai National Park was established in 1934 as one of the first national parks in Japan. The national park is surrounded National Park by the five straits of Kitan, Naruto, Kanmon, Hoyo and Akashi. The park extends over 11 prefectures and covers some 900,000 hectares including the sea area, making it the largest national park in the country. The main feature of the national park is its archipelagic landscape formed by countless islands of all sizes. The Seto Inland Sea can be broadly divided into four regions: from the east, the Awaji Island region, Bisan-seto region, Geiyo Islands region, and Suonada region. The national parkʼs landscape has a complex structure consisting of relatively large sea areas known as nada, “open sea” or wan, “bay” and narrow channels known as seto or kaikyo, which both translate as “strait”. The inland sea, which is separated from the open ocean, is characterized by signifi cant tidal variation and is known for its fast currents. Culture has fl ourished in the Seto Inland Sea region since ancient times and a major feature of the region is its open, friendly local environment that integrates human life as part of the landscape in the form of terraced fields, fishing towns waiting for favorable tides, and many other scenic points. Since ancient times, the region has prospered as a major domestic and international port for sea traffic, including kitamaebune cargo ships that sailed the Japan Sea during the Edo period (1603-1868), and when Korean delegations to Japan visited the region. -
Revision of the Genus Anchycteis (Coleoptera, Ptilodactylidae) from Japan
Elytra, Tokyo, New Series, 4 (2): 249–260 December 25, 2014 Revision of the Genus Anchycteis from Japan 249 Revision of the Genus Anchycteis (Coleoptera, Ptilodactylidae) from Japan Song-hwa HWANG and Hiroyuki YOSHITOMI Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi 3‒5‒7, Matsuyama, 790‒8566 Japan Abstract The Japanese species of the genus Anchycteis are reviewed, and three species are recognized. Two junior synonyms, Anchycteis brunneicornis usori (NAKANE, 1958)=Anchycteis brunneicornis (LEWIS, 1895) and Anchycteis monticola brunneipennis (NAKANE, 1963)=Anchycteis monticola (NAKANE, 1952), are newly established. Epilichas miyatakei NAKANE, 1952 is transferred to the genus Anchycteis. Habitus, male and female antennae and genitalia, and distribution map are presented. Introduction The genus Anchycteis HORN, 1880 belongs to the subfamily Anchytarsinae CHAMPION, 1897 (LEE et al., 2005; SATÔ, 2006; also see BOUCHARD et al., 2011 for synonyms of this subfamily), and is represented by three species with two subspecies from U.S.A. and Japan (STRIBLING, 1986 b; SATÔ, 2006). From Japan two species and two subspecies are recorded (SATÔ, 2006), but they have not been revised and the definitions of two subspecies are not clear. In the present paper, we review the Japanese species of the genus Anchycteis. Material and Methods Materials. The specimens examined in this paper are preserved in the following institutes and museums: Ehime University Museum, Matsuyama (EUMJ); Systematic Entomology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (SEHU). The holotype of the type species of the genus (Anchycteis velutina HORN, 1880) was checked in MCZBASE (the database of the zoological collections, museum of comparative zoology, Harvard University; http://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Ent:8014). -
Systematic Review of Japanese Macaques, Macaca Fuscata (Gray, 1870)
Biology ^ AUG 3 2005 590.5 Fl N.S. no. 104(2005) HI ^[yr\ Zoology NEW SERIES, NO. 104 Systematic Review of Japanese Macaques, Macaca fuscata (Gray, 1870) Jack Fooden Mitsuru Aimi March 14, 2005 Publication 1533 PUBLISHED BY FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAT HISTORY Information for Contributors to Fieldiana Fieldianu ... .. ... ,.....s .... ..... ... .,....., ^ ..,^...^..... published b} publishes the research of staff members and our research associates. The page charge currently is S65 per page. This figure is subject to change. All authors are encouraged to provide fundin cn.^n,^rt \h.- ^,^ '-"'xluction of tHclr works. Submission procedures: A submission procedures document is available from the scientific -ditor of the journal and on the Museum's web site (by 2004). Manuscripts submitted for re\ ic should be prepared using standard electronic software and submitted to the scientific editor in three photocopies. The scientific editor also requires the names, addresses, telephone numbers, ind e-mail addresses of at least five suggested reviewers. All elements of the work, including he illustrations, must be completed before the manuscript is submitted. References should be styled according to a recent Fieldiana publication, which may also be consulted for order of elements (title page, table of contents, list of illustrations, abstract, and the like). The decision of the scientific editor to accept or reject a work is final. .\s a .,.....,. , ....,,..,,.; Length: monographic publish^. ..mv.-.^,.^... v.vm^.s. V, ^ uv; uv-i i-unish hort. joumal-article-length works. As a general rule, we are unable to accommodate of less manuscripts than 75-100 manuscript pages. Authors seeking an exemption for a manuscript of fewer pages should consult the scientific editor. -
Outline of Honshu-Shikoku Expressway Routes
[Outline] Outline of Honshu-Shikoku Expressway routes - The Honshu-Shikoku Expressway routes consist of the E28 Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway connecting Hyogo and Tokushima Prefectures, the E30 Seto-Chuo Expressway connecting Okayama and Kagawa Prefectures, and the E76 Nishi-Seto Expressway connecting Hiroshima and Ehime Prefectures. - These roadways are used for various purposes, including daily life as well as business and tourism, and they play a vital role as traffic arteries in the Setouchi area. Source: HSBE documents [Transitions of the transportation network] Changes in the 3-hour zone - Thanks to improvement of the expressway network, the area within 3 hours of major cities in the Setouchi area has greatly expanded. - For example, in 1985 only Awaji Island was within 3 hours of Tokushima city, but now the majority of Osaka, Hyogo, and Okayama Prefectures are within reach, using the Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway or the Seto-Chuo Expressway . ■ Changes in the 3-hour zone from each city in the prefecture [From Kobe city] [From Okayama city] [From Hiroshima city] Cities, towns, and villages on the Honshu side and Shikoku side which can be reached within 3 hours from each city in the various prefectures March 1985 (Before the opening of Ohnaruto Bridge) March, 2019 [From Tokushima city] [From Takamatsu city] [From Matsuyama city] [From Kochi city] Note: 3-hour zone by car Source: Created based on the National Road Time Table (National Association for Promotion of Road Improvement) and the National Ferry/Passenger Vessel Guide (Daily Maritime Communication Company), among others. (FY) 5,986 Approx. 1.4 times 1985 2015 4,305 <References> of vehicular traffic Nationwide volume 0 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 Average traffic volumes (expressways + ordinary roads; No. -
HIROKO KOSHINO Personal Timeline
HIROKO KOSHINO Personal Timeline 1937 Born in Kishiwada City, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. 1957 Won Nippon Designers Club's best designer award, while studying at the Bunka Fashion College, Tokyo. 1961 Graduated from Bunka Fashion College. Became an exclusive designer for a youthful womenswear line at the Ginza Komatsu Store, now Ginza Komatsu. 1964 Opened an haute couture atelier in Shinsaibashi, Osaka. 1977 Joined the Top Designers 6 (TD6). Debuted collection in Tokyo and has been showcasing biannually ever since. 1978 Became the first Japanese designer to join Alta Moda, Rome - the sensational international debut and the consequent impact of her collection instantly lead to a 30-page special feature in Italian Harper’s Bazaar. 1982 Established Hiroko Koshino International Inc. and was inaugurated as the President. Started women's ready-to-wear and licensing businesses. Debuted collection in Paris and showcased biannually. 1983 Became a specialty member of Osaka 21st Century Association. As a result, the three sisters - Hiroko, Junko and Michiko Koshino - showcased a collection together as part of an Osaka 21st Century Association event. 1984 Became the first Japanese designer to showcase a collection at the Jing Jiang Club in Shanghai, China. 1985 Opened Hiroko Koshino branch office in Tokyo. Became a member of the Council of Fashion Designers, Tokyo (CFD), and the Kansai Association of Corporate Executives; as well as an honorary member of the Japan Designers Club Inc. 1987 Presented the first Osaka Collection at My Dome Osaka, under the auspices of Osaka Prefecture, Osaka City and renowned business personalities of Osaka. Showcased collection in Seoul, South Korea. -
Kobe Portopia Hotel 1
KOBE PORTOPIA HOTEL 1. Address 6-10-1, Minatojimanakamachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, 650-0046 2. Number of rooms 745 French Restaurant "Trente et Un" Sky Lounge "Plein d'Etoiles" Dining Café "SOCO" Chinese "Shukei En" 3. Restaurants Teppanyaki Grill "Tajima" Traditional Japanese "Kobe Tamura" Sushi "Sushiman" Kushiage "SAKU" Oden "Kyowada" 4. Number of banquet halls 36 5. Sports facilities Swimming pool (all year round), tennis courts, gym 6. Car parking capacity 450 7. International Teamm It has results 8.Web address http://www.portopia.co.jp/ 9. information ― [Barrier-free / Accessibility] Barrier-free/accessible room, accessible Western-style toilet, ramp at the entrance, handrails for staircases and corridors, all facilities in the hotel are accessible, wheelchairs for lending [Access] 1. Approximate time by taxi 15 minutes from Shin-Kobe Sta. (Sanyo Shinkansen) or car 10 minutes from Sannomiya Sta. (JR) 2. Approximate time from 70 minutes from Kansai International Airport airports by car 5 minutes from Kobe Airport 3. Approximate time on foot 1 minute from Shimin Hiroba Sta. (Port Liner) [Tourist facilities nearby] 1. Name of facility Bando Kobe Science Museum 7-7-6, Minatojimanakamachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 650- 2. Address 0046 The Museum is situated on Port Island in Chuo-ku, Kobe city, Hyogo prefecture."Kobe-kan" and "Kobe Planetarium Theater" were exhibited at Kobe Island Exhibition in 1981. After the 3. Facility information exhibition closed, they were extended and renovated. The display items were rearranged and the sites opened as Bando Kobe Science Museum on April 29, 1984. 4. Approximate travel time 5 minutes' walk from the hotel exterior room indoor meal service multilingual ■buffet ■conference room ■English ■Box lunch ■private bath □French □cook one's own meals ■communal bathroom □Spanish ■halal food □hot spring □Russian ■kashrut ■International broadcasting ■Chinese ■vegetarian ■make an international □German ■caffeine-free alcohol-free ■Wi-Fi □Portuguese ■antiallergic food ■foreign exchange ■cleaning □laundromat ANA CROWNE PLAZA KOBE 1. -
The Sawfly Genus Spinarge (Hymenoptera, Argidae)
Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, Ser. A, 32(2), pp. 61–94, June 22, 2006 The Sawfly Genus Spinarge (Hymenoptera, Argidae) Hideho Hara1 and Akihiko Shinohara2 1 Hokkaido Forestry Research Institute, Koshunai, Bibai-shi, Hokkaido, 079–0198 Japan e-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Zoology, National Science Museum, 3–23–1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169–0073 Japan e-mail: [email protected] Abstract The genus Spinarge, previously represented by three Chinese species, is redefined to include 11 Palaearctic species, and is transferred from the Athermantini to the Argini of the Arginae. This genus is characterized by the fifth abdominal tergum with a dark median line (ϭin- conspicuous median groove) in the female and a long median process in the male. A key to the world species and descriptions or redescriptions of the following nine species are given: S. affinis sp. nov. from Japan, S. chrysoptera (Gussakovskij, 1935), comb. nov. from China, S. fulvicornis (Mocsáry, 1909), comb. nov. from Japan, Korea and China, S. flavicostalis sp. nov. from Japan, S. metallica (Klug, 1834), comb. nov. from Europe to Kamchatka, Primorskij kraj, Sakhalin and Korea, S. nigricornis sp. nov. from Japan, S. prunivora sp. nov. from Japan and Korea, S. pumila sp. nov. from Japan, and S. sichuanensis Wei, 1998, from China. Larvae are gregarious leaf feeders on broad-leaved trees such as Betula, Prunus and Sorbus. Key words : Hymenoptera, Argidae, Spinarge, new species. Spinarge Wei, 1998, is a small genus of the tergum. The process is a very peculiar and un- sawfly family Argidae (Hymenoptera), so far rep- questionably an apomorphic character state that resented by three Chinese species, S. -
Best of Japan Tour Summer: Tokushima Awa Odori Dance Festival 2017-2018
All Japan Tours 337 N.Vineyard Ave Suite 215, Ontario, CA 91764 Toll Free: 1-855-325-2726 (US/CANADA) Tel: 1-909-988-8885 Fax: 1-909-349-1736 E-mail: [email protected] Best of Japan Tour Summer: Tokushima Awa Odori Dance Festival 2017-2018 Perfect for those who want to visit the well known regions of Japan. Tour Code: GTM1729061 Tour Information Land cost: from USD $3798 Tour cost includes: • 9 nights Western style and 1 night Japanese style Single supplement: USD $800 accommodation • Meet and greet upon arrival at Narita Airport Tour duration: 11 days 10 nights • Airport transfers on arrival and departure Destination: • Private coach transfers between destinations in Tokyo / Mt Fuji / Hakone / Koka / Kyoto / Nara / Osaka / Japan Tokushima / Takamatsu / Oboke Gorge / Shimanami • Comprehensive escorted with AJT professional Kaido / Hiroshima / Kurashiki / Himeji / Kobe English speaking tour guide • Gratuities Meals • Breakfast everyday • 7 lunches and 4 dinners Admission fees and activities • All entry fees to sites, activities listed in the itinerary Dates & Price 2017 Start Date End Date Twin / Triple Start City End City Style Status Sun. Aug 6, 2017 Wed. Aug 16, 2017 USD $3798.00 Tokyo Osaka Deluxe View Tour 2018 Start Date End Date Twin / Triple Start City End City Style Status Thu. Aug 9, 2018 Sun. Aug 19, 2018 USD $3798.00 Tokyo Osaka Deluxe View Tour Page 1/12 Itinerary Tour Code: GTM1729061 Day 1 Narita Airport Welcome to Tokyo! An AJT representative will meet you at the arrival gate and direct you to the hotel by hotel shuttle bus. Hotel: Narita Excel Hotel Tokyu or similar class Tobu Hotel Levant Tokyo or similar class (NOTE 1 & 2) NOTE 1: If you wish to stay in the center of Tokyo for the first night instead of Narita Excel Hotel Tokyu, we can arrange for you to stay at Tobu Hotel Levant Tokyo (or similar class). -
SETOUCHI”, Hidden Charm
Discover ”SETOUCHI”, hidden charm Our goal by launching a further trailblazing project is, straightforwardly, Western Japan which is focused on “The Inland Sea SETOUCHI”, discovering the hidden charm, west Japan. First of all, Hiroshima has been spotlighted of late as a city enjoying its sophisticated compound function in Western Japan, economically, historically, culturally, and ecologically, which is ideal for the 21st century. Its status has been further enhanced by the Japanese government‟s new project called „Vitalizing Regional Society and Economy‟. By the way, the present convenient maritime transportation system surrounded by the beautiful landscape of the Seto Inland Sea is the result of the clever Atomic bomb dome tactics by the historical navy under the Mouri Family, the most powerful „samurai,‟ warrior family who had reigned over the area in the 16th century. The maritime transportation system has had a great influence for industries. Hiroshima is not only the center of business approx. 34% of the total economic base of Western Japan, but it also has engaged in positive activities to support the natural environment including initiating „The Energy Harvest Project in the Seto Inland Sea‟ utilizing the wind and tidal energy of the sea, which is sending us a message on how technology should coexist with nature. We would like to make this year marking the first year to develop another exciting destination for every visitor to enjoy „symbiosis‟ in a gentle light and wind seeking for true relaxation. If we should describe the district in short, it would be water of translucent blue and a gentle breeze off the Seto Inland Sea, combined with the generosity of Buddha and the open-minded kindness of the locality, all of which embrace one another in nature culminating to be the Western Japan and Shikoku Island.