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Reliability and Validity of Michigan School Libraries for the 21St Century Measurement Benchmarks

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Reliability and Validity of Michigan School Libraries for the 21St Century Measurement Benchmarks RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF MICHIGAN SCHOOL LIBRARIES FOR THE 21ST CENTURY MEASUREMENT BENCHMARKS by NATOSHA N. FLOYD DISSERTATION Submitted to the Graduate School of Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION 2016 MAJOR: EDUCATIONAL EVALUATION AND RESEARCH Approved By: Advisor Date ProQuest Number:10192929 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ProQuest 10192929 Published by ProQuest LLC ( 2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106 - 1346 © COPYRIGHT BY NATOSHA N. FLOYD 2016 All Rights Reserved DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my father the late General Sr., my mother Denise, my siblings General Jr., Jessica and Antione, my niece Carrington, and the Village. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thank you to Dr. Sawilowsky, Dr. Addonizio and Dr. Piliawsky for serving on my committee. I appreciate your guidance, discussion, and feedback with my doctoral research. Dr. Sawilowsky, thank you for being my advisor, mentor, and instructor. Your patience, support, and encouragement is what motivated me throughout this entire process. Karren Reish thank you for taking the time to meet with me, and provide access to the data for my research. Thanks to my classmates Brooke Isham, Tim Huang, and Jack Sawilowsky. Without all of your assistance this research would not have been possible. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ...................................................................................................................ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. iii List of Tables ...................................................................................................................vi List of Figures ................................................................................................................. vii List of Equations ............................................................................................................ viii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 1 School Libraries for the 21st Century Measurement Benchmarks .......................................... 1 Purpose of the Study .............................................................................................................. 2 Assumptions and Limitations .................................................................................................. 3 Definition of Terms ................................................................................................................. 4 CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ................................................................ 5 School Library Studies ........................................................................................................... 6 Program Evaluation ...............................................................................................................14 SL21 Instrument ....................................................................................................................15 Psychometrics .......................................................................................................................16 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................... 18 Design ...................................................................................................................................18 Study Population ...................................................................................................................18 Procedures ............................................................................................................................18 Instrument Reliability .............................................................................................................19 Data Analysis ........................................................................................................................19 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS ................................................................................................. 20 iv Reliability...............................................................................................................................20 Construct Validity ..................................................................................................................24 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS ....................................................................................... 31 Reliability...............................................................................................................................32 Construct Validity ..................................................................................................................33 Implication for Further Studies ...............................................................................................34 APPENDIX A State of Michigan Permission Letter ....................................................... 35 APPENDIX B Measurement Benchmarks for Michigan School Libraries for 21st Century Schools ......................................................................................................................... 36 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 62 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... 67 AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL STATEMENT ........................................................................... 68 v LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Item Statistics for SL21 Benchmarks ............................................................... 21 Table 2: Item Total Statistics for SL21 Benchmarks ...................................................... 22 Table 3: Scale Statistics ................................................................................................ 22 Table 4: Subscale Spearman-Brown (Total Scale N = 18 items) based on Cronbach Alpha (n = 6 items per subscale) ................................................................................... 23 Table 5: Split-half Reliability for SL21 Benchmarks, n=18 ............................................. 24 Table 6: Rotated Component Matrix for the SL21 instrument, six factor solution .......... 25 Table 7: Total Variance Explained for the SL21 Benchmarks, six factor solution .......... 26 Table 8: Component Transformation Matrix for the SL21 Benchmarks, six factor solution ...................................................................................................................................... 26 Table 9: Rotated Component Matrix for the SL21 instrument, four factor solution ........ 28 Table 10: Total Variance Explained for the SL21 Benchmarks, four factor solution ...... 28 Table 11: Component Transformation Matrix for the SL21 Benchmarks, four factor solution .......................................................................................................................... 29 Table 12: Rotated Component Matrix for the SL21 instrument, three factor solution .... 30 Table 13: Total Variance Explained for the SL21 Benchmarks, three factor solution .... 30 Table 14: Component Transformation Matrix for the SL21 Benchmarks, three factor solution .......................................................................................................................... 30 Table 15: Rotated Component Matrix for the SL21 instrument, three factor solution .... 31 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Measurement Benchmarks for Michigan School Libraries for 21st Century Schools Factor Structure Based on Scree Plot ............................................................. 27 vii LIST OF EQUATIONS Equation 1: Cronbach’s alpha ....................................................................................... 16 viii 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION School Libraries for the 21st Century Measurement Benchmarks The Library of Michigan, an office of the Michigan Department of Education, is the official library agency for the state of Michigan. Measurement Benchmarks for Michigan School Libraries for 21st Century Schools (SL21) is an initiative established in 2009 by the Library of Michigan. A working group consisting of Library of Michigan employees, Michigan Association for Media in Education (MAME) members, and certified school library media professionals created the initial instrument. The SL21 initiative was developed to measure the quality of Michigan’s school library programs within individual buildings. During the 2015-2016 school year, there were 4,832 public school buildings in Michigan, and 644 of these buildings reported having Librarians/Media Specialists (CEPI, 2016). “Library of Michigan hopes that the SL21 measures will be an effective educational, professional development and advocacy tool that assists school library programs to provide the highest
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