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Echinodermata) October 2003 CainozoicResearch, 2(l-2)(2002), pp. 143-155, First record of gorgonocephalid ophiuroids (Echinodermata) from the Middle Miocene of the Central Paratethys Andreas Kroh Institut für Geologie undPaläontologie, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Heinrichstraße 26, A-8010 Graz, Austria; e-mail: [email protected] Received 28 February 2003; revised version accepted 21 May 2003 The shallow-water (sublittoral) coarse sandy sediments ofthe Hartl Formation (Langhian, Middle Miocene) which outcrop north of Eisenstadt (Burgenland, Austria) have yielded abundant disarticulated ophiuroid material, mostly large streptospondylous vertebrae. These are here assigned to the Gorgonocephalidae, on the basis of arm branching and the presence of an open ventral groove along the vertebrae entire arm. Oral plates found associated with these are described as a new species, Astrodendrum?pilleri n. sp. The fossil is the material the first record of this from record of gorgonocephalidophiuroids very poor; present represents unquestionable group the Central Paratethys, and at that, the stratigraphically oldest. To date, only few ophiuroids have been recorded from Neogenestrata ofthe Paratethys; these are listed in an Appendix. KEY WORDS: Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Gorgonocephalidae, Miocene, Austria, CentralParatethys, new species. Introduction side near Dunedin (IGNS, locality number GS 1890) (pers. the basis of comm. J. Simes, February 2003). On photo- The Gorgonocephalidae have a very poor fossil record, graphs I received of these specimens (three ‘non- which is rather surprising since extant representatives are branching’ vertebrae), I am unable to either confirm or found in a large variety of habitats, ranging from the sub- dismiss Fell’s identification.The third record pertains to a polar to tropical climate zones (Doderlein, 1927; Morten- small collection of dissociated gorgonocephalid vertebrae Hendler sen, 1933; Baker, 1980; et al, 1995). In addition, from Pliocene strata penetrated in borehole IJsselmuiden-1 be in shallow-water habitats Kroh in they may common (Baker, (eastern Netherlands; see & Jagt, press). 1980; Hendler et al., 1995) and generally possess numer- Apart from these three records that explicitly refer to ous large and relatively sturdy ossicles. gorgonocephalids, there are several reports of euryalid-type The and of fossil vertebrae from of Cainozoic first, only, unquestionable report deposits age (ie.g., Vadasz, gorgonocephalids thus far is that by Pomel (1885-1887), 1915 - Miocene, Hungary; Valette, 1928 - Burdigalian who described dissociated vertebrae from the ‘Sahelien’(= (Miocene), France, misidentifiedas brachials of the coma- ‘ Upper Miocene-Pliocene; see Durand-Delga, 1962) of tulidcrinoid Antedon’ rhodanicus; and Donovan & Paul, Algeria, underthe name ofAstrophyton saheliensis Pomel, 1998 - Upper Pliocene, Jamaica). However, it is not clear of 1885. One his illustrations (Pomel, 1885-1887,pi. D II, whether any ofthese records do indeed represent gorgono- shows vertebra. fig. 7) clearly a branching Subsequent cephalids or are merely similar vertebrae ofother ophiuroid authors have oftenoverlooked this record; a rare exception groups with streptospondylous vertebral type (e.g., is Sieverts-Doreck’s (1954) compilation. Anotherreport of Hemieuryalidae, Euryalidae, Ophiobyrsinae, Asterosche- fossil gorgonocephalids is found in Spencer & Wright matidae and others). (1966, p. U91), who noted, ‘An undescribed genus occurs The fossil record of euryalids, another extant family in the of New Zealand with Oligocene (Fell, in lift.).’ Assess- branching, streptospondylous vertebral type, is simi- ment of this statement is in the absence of illus- of liasica difficult, larly poor. An early report Euryale? Quenstedt, trations and/or description of the material both in Spencer 1876 has subsequently been shown to consist of resting far in traces stars & Wright (1966) and, as as I know, subsequent of indeterminatebrittle with unbranching arms, literature sources. The material on which this record is with the impression of branched arms having been pro- based is currently housed at the Institute ofGeological and duced by multiple traces of moving arm tips (Seilacher, Nuclear Sciences (Lower Hutt, New Zealand), labelled 1953). Records of Trichasterl ornatus (Rasmussen, 1950) vertebral ossicle - ‘Ophiurid Gorgonocephalus [sic]’; it is and Trichasterl sp. from the Campanian and Maastrichtian from the Caversham Sandstone Bum- of the Netherlands and (Lower Miocene) at SE NE Belgium (Jagt, 2000, pp. 8, - 144- of than 9; pi. 1, figs 5-10) and from the Maastrichtian Riigen more 150 years ago. This may be an artifact, however, and & since earlier workers considered less (Germany) Mon (Denmark; see Jagt Kutscher, 1998; preferentially more or Kutscher 2000, 51-53; and disarticu- & Jagt, pp. pi. 32, figs 1-7) com- complete well-preserved specimens. In fact, prise dissociated streptospondylous vertebraewith an open lated skeletal material was commonly ignored. Recent ventral attributedwith examination of bulk from in groove, originally a query to Astero- samples Neogene strata Aus- Rasmussen tria has revealed that ossicles in fact nyx by (1950, 1972). Although superficially ophiuroid are a com- similar to vertebrae of the genus Trichaster, the attribution mon element in echinoderm palaeocommunities (Kroh, of these fossil ossicles to the Euryalidae and in particular research in progress). The Appendix lists all post-Eocene to this is all extant the from the most taxa in genus questionable. In euryalids, ophiuroids Paratethys; are urgent ventral furrow is closed by a ‘bridge-like’ structure in distal need of revision, having been based mostly on single with little material for arm portions (Mortensen, 1933, pp. 3, 4). In many Recent specimens only or extant comparison hand. taxa only a few proximal vertebrae have open grooves, e.g. at in 1879 the first and The is the third in series of studies of Asteroceras pergamenumLyman, only present paper a second vertebrae. In addition, neither Jagt (2000) nor Neogene echinoderms. Earlier papers were devoted to echinoderm faunas from the Sands’ Mio- Kutscher & Jagt (2000) recorded any branching vertebrae, ‘Retz (Lower while extant Trichaster have arms branching up to ten cene), with emphasis on the palaeoecology of echinoid- times. bearing levels and on more global aspects, such as echinoid The post-Eocene ophiuroid record in the Paratethys migration (Kroh & Harzhauser, 1999), and from the Lower to be the fact that the first Badenian in the Molasse Zone appears extremely poor, despite (Langhian) as represented papers on echinoderm fossils from this area were published and the northernVienna Basin (Kroh, 2003). Figure 1. Geographic and stratigraphic position of localities mentioned in the text. A: distributionof Lower Badenian (Langhian) sediments in Austria (slightly modified from Mandic etal., 2002 [courtesy of O. Mandic and F. Rdgl]; B: location of sections stud- ied, 1 - Hartl-Lucke; 2 - Johannesgrotte (modified from Kroh et al., in press); C: Langhianpalaeogeographyafter Rdgl (1998). vertebrae found the but Study area cephalid are throughout section, are particularly abundant in the basal part. For detailed sec- section ‘Hartl-Lucke’ microfacies and sedimen- Material studied comes from the type tions, lithological descriptions, of the Hard Formation, north of Eisenstadt in Burgen- tological data, as well as a discussion of regional geology 50 reference is made to Kroh al. land/Austria (OK map, sheet 77) (Figure 1). Gorgono- et (in press). - 145 - The the bulk study area belongs to Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin, Both samples and picked ophiuroid material are a small, strongly asymmetrical subbasin of the Vienna deposited at the Geologisch-Palaontologische Abteilung of Basin complex, which is part of the Central Paratethys, the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien (NHMW); the thin less displaying a more or trigonal size ofabout 20 x 20 km sections at the Institute fur Geologic und Palaontologie of in width(Filler & Vavra, 1991). In the north, it is bounded the Universitat Graz. by the NE-SW trending Leitha Mountains and the associ- A number of extant gorgonocephalid species housed in ated SE-dipping Eisenstadt fault (Fodor, 1992), in the east the collections of the United States National Museum the and the by N-S trending Rust faults, Rust-Fertorakos (USNM) were examined for comparison with fossil speci- which the basin from the Danube Basin. The thanks to the of viz. Astro- hills, separate mens, courtesy Cynthia Aheam, , southern margin ofthe Eisenstadt-Sopron is definedby the caneum spinosum (USNM E34453), Astrocladus dofleini of the Rosalia which Astroboa nuda crystalline ridge Mountains, separates (USNM 15767), (USNM E1470), Astro- it from the Styrian Basin complex. dendrum sagaminum (USNM 25665), Astroglymma Strata ofthe Haiti Formationhave recently been dated sculptum (USNM E1476), Astrochalcis micropus (USNM on foraminiferal evidence as Early Badenian (Late E1463), and Astrophyton muricatum (USNM E44551). A Middle Kroh al. small of the Langhian, Miocene) by et (in press). piece middle portion ofan arm was removed from each specimen, the soft tissue then dissolved using sodium hypochlorite (30% solution). After a period in clean the ossicles air dried and examinedunder Materialand methods water, were a light microscope. Specimens used for SEM analysis were Field work was carried out in the Spring/Summer of 2001 cleanedwith hydrogen peroxide and an ultrasonic bath, and in of the both unconsolidated and
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