DOCSLIB.ORG

15Mm Alternate History Miniature Warfare

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
15Mm Alternate History Miniature Warfare 15mm Alternate History Miniature Warfare Project Patrons: J. Patrick Walker Damon “Neuroranger” Richardson Ilias Mastrogiorgos Sam Wong Torolf LOST REICH Rules Design Tom Tullis & Kevin Stephens Story Brendan LaSalle Model and Graphic Design Tom Tullis Project Editor Gary Wegley Producers Patrick “Noffham” Seymour • Andy Tepper • FOPCON • Doug Roderick • Nathan Parsons • Brian Henderson Matt Doherty • Jason Lynn Elliott • Kieran Beecroft • J. Patrick Walker • Jean-Francois “Gen” Bouchard Special Thanks James Tullis • Brent DeVos • Ross Rice • Ron Purvis • Ken Goad • Melissa Goad • Kevin Ray • Carinn Seabolt • Bill Buchalter Copyright 2012, Fat Dragon Games. All rights reserved. LOST REICH is a trademark of Fat Dragon Games. All rights reserved. FDG0100 LOST REICH™ ‘Lost Reich’ is a trademark of Fat Dragon Games. Copyright 2012 Fat Dragon Games. All rights reserved. www.fatdragongames.com Introduction Introduction tools. Once you have read this document, ence between winning and losing a game. read through your specific mech’s instruc- Lost Reich is designed to be a fast-playing Lost Reich is an alternate-history World War tion PDF before beginning assembly. If wargame with most games lasting 30 min- Two tabletop combat game that uses con- you have any questions after reading these utes to 2 hours, depending on the number structable 3D cardstock miniatures. Play- documents, please visit the FDG forums at of mechs on each force. New mechs and ers create teams of Allied or Nazi mechs www.fatdragongames.com for further assis- expansion sets will be coming out for the and battle to destroy their opponent’s team. tance. game, so keep an eye on the Fat Dragon Since all miniatures are constructed from Games website for updates on our release the models supplied with this game, players Game Overview schedule! can create armies as large as they like with- out any further purchases; just print, build Lost Reich is designed to be played on any Table of Contents and battle! flat surface, but a large table is best (4’ x 4’ or more is optimal.) You can use whatever Section 1: History you wish for 3D terrain, from simple green Getting Started Section 2: Units felt for the ground with objects placed un- Before you attempt to begin constructing der it to create hills and other elevations to Section 3: Unit Stats your mech models, please read through more complex wargame terrain designs, or the Beginner’s Guide to Cardstock Model- you can construct 3D elevations and use the Section 4: Ranged Weapons ing supplied with this game. This document 2D printable tiles included with this game. Section 5: Game Turn will give you an excellent overview of how to The more terrain features and obstacles construct paper models, tips and techniques you can use, the more exciting the game will Section 6: Movement for making your models look like the ones be. Each feature will provide tactical options pictured in this rulebook, and all necessary for the players and can make the differ- Section 7: Combat LOST REICH™ ‘Lost Reich’ is a trademark of Fat Dragon Games. Copyright 2012 Fat Dragon Games. All rights reserved. www.fatdragongames.com History Section 1: History and Australia. Secretly, the Nazi Research the scientists sent troops to collect the detri- and Development specialists decided to test tus for study, they found the most amazing In 1938, Germany’s Nazi high command sent one of these rockets, the experimental V-11 discovery in the history of mankind; an ex- an expedition to the Antarctic on a fictitious Hervorragenderaketederatmosphäre, and tra-terrestrial spacecraft. The experimental mission to create a weather station. It was clandestinely shipped it to the secret base VII must have struck the otherworldly craft, announced that the mission was a failure, in New Swabia, Antarctica, for its first test. bringing it down to earth where it crashed but the reality was much more sinister: the German high command considered total se- in the rocket’s debris field. The alien occu- 70-ton cargo ship, the MS Schwabenland, crecy their highest priority in the continuing pants were only identifiable by their jellied secretly dropped off a platoon of engineers arms race against the Allied forces. remains. The New Swabian researchers led by the infamous Nazi genius known only brought the craft home and, in one evening, as Der Kommissar. The real purpose of the The rocket was launched at two minutes the entire focus of Germany’s war effort mission was to develop an array of ultra- past midnight, December 18th, 1940. Its changed. Hitler’s new directive was to put high-tech super weapons that Adolph Hit- guidance system failed utterly and the pro- every effort into deciphering, mastering, and ler planned to use in his schemes of world totype rocket blasted into the atmosphere duplicating the alien technology. Hitler grew domination. While their early attempts failed and exploded, raining debris over a nine- more and more excited as his scientists in spectacularly, the clandestine expedition did teen square mile area of Antarctica. When New Swabia discovered plasma cannons, create a permanent, self-sustaining base in energy shields, high tech targeting counter- New Swabia that none, save the highest lev- measures, and most excitingly a computer els of the Third Reich command, knew ex- guidance system that would allow the ma- isted. nipulation of massive machines by an op- erator using only brain waves! Der Furher In 1940, German rocket scientists Wer- was certain that an army enhanced with this nher Von Braun and Walter Riedel devel- alien tech would allow his troops to overrun oped the V-2 rocket, a ballistic missile that the entire world and make his dream of an Hitler planned to use to threaten Belgium everlasting Third Reich come true. and the British mainland. While this rocket was in development, the two genius engi- This decision proved to be Hitler’s downfall. neers, always mindful of the great probabil- ity of Germany’s loss to the Allied Forces The secret alien tech plan, dubbed Project in WWII, created plans for a much more Black Tread, consumed resources, money, powerful rocket, one that would allow long- and manpower at an unsustainable rate.The distance attacks against cities in America Allies surged ahead in the conventional arms LOST REICH™ ‘Lost Reich’ is a trademark of Fat Dragon Games. Copyright 2012 Fat Dragon Games. All rights reserved. www.fatdragongames.com History race and soon the Axis forces were fighting due. President Truman ordered the CIA to had 24 perfect armored mechs by 1966; the a losing war. When Hitler committed suicide create a campaign of misinformation, in- lost Nazis had nearly 100 by that time but on April 30, 1945, it was with a curse on his cluding the invention of the fictitious Project neither side could make the alien interface lips for his advisers and scientists who had Mogul, to cover up this amazing discovery. systems work reliably. The alien informa- failed to make any progress whatsoever in The CIA created a massive underground re- tion technology remained impenetrable, and the secret armored mech program. search base and testing area that came to without it these new mechs were so difficult be known as Area 51, the purpose of which to maneuver that they were nearly useless Hittler’s death, and the death or imprison- was to discover and apply the secrets of the in battlefield tests. Dozens of test drivers at- ment of German High Command, meant amazing alien technology. During this time, tempted to control their machines with the that there were none left who knew any- the Americans made a separate break- helmet interfaces that researchers believed thing but the most vague rumors of Project through, a development that eventually led the humanoid aliens used to fly the ships, Black Tread or the research station in New to the next great leap in armored combat yet none had the level of success necessary Swabia. The aging, and according to some vehicle designs, the mechanized walker. for a battlefield machine. quite insane, head researcher known as This new platform, developed under proj- Der Kommisar maintained absolute secrecy ect leader Sam Wong, combined the armor In 1967 American researchers working on from their secluded base. They continued and massive weapons with a mechanized their army of mechanized infantry made the to study the alien technology in hopes of walking chassis that could go over terrain first real breakthrough during a visit by mem- one day realizing Hitler’s dream of a united that no conventional tank could navigate. It bers of the congressional panel overseeing Aryan Earth. By 1953, they were able to wasn’t long before the Nazis made a simi- the secret project, code named “Torolf.” The recreate many of the alien weapons and de- lar achievement, and armored land warfare twin sons of Congressman J. Patrick Walker fense systems, including their unbelievably would never be the same. were employed as his aides for the trip and sophisticated computer-assisted driver in- during the inspection one sat in the cock- terface. For the next twenty years, the Americans pit of one ship and donned the helmet in- and the German researchers unknowingly terface. Almost immediately, the cockpit lit Meanwhile, the United States had indepen- raced each other for a breakthrough in the up like a Christmas tree. After their initial dently discovered the existence of extrater- alien tech. It was the Americans who took shock wore off, one researcher suggested restrials – or, more rightly put, the extrater- the prize in that race. the boy’s twin brother try to replicate the re- restrials discovered America! In June of sults, and with no effort he did, followed by 1947, a second alien spacecraft crashed Both sides were able to reverse engineer the their father.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Isabelle Dolezalek Arabic Script on Christian Kings Das Mittelalter Perspektiven Mediävistischer Forschung
    Isabelle Dolezalek Arabic Script on Christian Kings Das Mittelalter Perspektiven mediävistischer Forschung Beihefte Herausgegeben von Ingrid Baumgärtner, Stephan Conermann und Thomas Honegger Band 5 Isabelle Dolezalek Arabic Script on Christian Kings Textile Inscriptions on Royal Garments from Norman Sicily Gedruckt mit freundlicher Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) ISBN 978-3-11-053202-9 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-053387-3 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-053212-8 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Typesetting: Satzstudio Borngräber, Dessau-Roßlau Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck ♾ Gedruckt auf säurefreiem Papier Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Contents Preface — IX Introduction — XI Chapter I Shaping Perceptions: Reading and Interpreting the Norman Arabic Textile Inscriptions — 1 1 Arabic-Inscribed Textiles from Norman and Hohenstaufen Sicily — 2 2 Inscribed Textiles and Arabic Inscriptions in European Medieval Arts — 43 3 Historical Receptions of the Ceremonial Garments from Norman Sicily — 51 4 Approaches to Arabic Inscriptions in European Medieval Arts: Methodological Considerations — 64 Chapter II An Imported Ornament? Comparing the Functions
    [Show full text]
  • Study Guide by Kate R Aynor
    A lost father A thirty-year-old conspiracy A daughter’s journey to uncover the truth A film by Juliet Lamont A STUDY GUIDE BY KATE R AYNOR http://www.metromagazine.com.au http://www.theeducationshop.com.au ‘The war is ceaseless. The most we can hope for are occasional moments of tranquillity in the midst of the conflict.’ Introduction n 1978, 34-year-old Scottish climber Jimmy Graham went to Antarctica Iwith Operation Deep Freeze to train scientists in survival skills on the ice. It was his dream job, full of adventure and challenge. He left his young family in Australia in December of that year, intending to stay at the Pole for six YOUNG famiLY months. Three months later he was shipped home, agitated and paranoid, claiming that he had stumbled onto FAST THE SNOWMAN CHARACTERS an illegal nuclear site and that the CIA FACTS had given him a chemical lobotomy. JULIET LAMONT – Jimmy’s daughter His descent into madness was stark ANTARCTICA: and the film’s director and terrifying for those who loved him. McMurdo Station SEAN LAMONT – Jimmy’s son, Juliet’s Unable to cope with his erratic and • Average mean sea-level younger brother dangerous behaviour, Frances, his temperature: -20 °C wife, fled with their two children, Juliet FRANCES LAMONT – Juliet and and Sean. Thirty years later, Juliet tries • Monthly mean range: Sean’s mother and Jimmy’s ex-wife -3 °C in January to -28 °C in to uncover the real story and reconnect August YANNI HOLIASTOS – cafe owner with what is left of the man she called • Stormiest months: ZAC VERSEGI – barista her father.
    [Show full text]
  • The EU in Antarctica: an Emerging Area of Interest, Or Playing to the (Environmental) Gallery?
    The EU in Antarctica: An Emerging Area of Interest, or Playing to the (Environmental) Gallery? * * Andreas RASPOTNIK & Andreas ØSTHAGEN Over the past decade, the EU has developed broader interests in the polar regions – ranging from fisheries, research and environmental protection to foreign affairs. Although this applies mainly to the Arctic region, its geographical opposite – the Antarctic – has not fallen into oblivion. This article explores the EU’s way ‘south’, examining its links to the region as well as the key drivers of this growing – albeit still limited – Antarctic engagement. International actions taken to establish Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) also indicate supranational tendencies to engage actively in and with Antarctic affairs. In particular, this concerns the European Commission and broader debates on sustainable development and global environmental leadership. Keywords: European Union, Antarctic, Marine Protected Areas, Fisheries, Antarctic Treaty System 1 INTRODUCTION Over the past decade, the EU and its various institutional actors have developed specific policies for geographical regions where the EU and its Member States hold interests. One example of this – driven by climate-change awareness, economic interests, geo- political shifts and intra-institutional policy expansion – concerns the polar regions. Despite several setbacks, these steps have been largely successful in the Arctic, with the EU having become an accepted partner at the Arctic governance table. However, compared to its fluid eastern and southern neighbourhoods, the Arctic and its regional layer – the European Arctic – are not key priority areas for the EU. They remain essentially a marginal note in EU foreign policy – a periphery on the periphery.1 With the Arctic’s geographical opposite, Antarctica, there is even less engagement.2 With most of its territory located in the Northern Hemisphere, EU * Senior Research Fellows at the Fridtjof Nansen Institute in Lysaker, Norway.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Antarctica - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Page 1 of 13
    History of Antarctica - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 1 of 13 Coordinates: 67°15′S 39°35′E History of Antarctica From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For the natural history of the Antarctic continent, see Antarctica. The history of Antarctica emerges from early Western theories of a vast continent, known as Terra Australis, believed to exist in the far south of the globe. The term Antarctic, referring to the opposite of the Arctic Circle, was coined by Marinus of Tyre in the 2nd century AD. The rounding of the Cape of Good Hope and Cape Horn in the 15th and 16th centuries proved that Terra Australis Incognita ("Unknown Southern Land"), if it existed, was a continent in its own right. In 1773 James Cook and his crew crossed the Antarctic Circle for the first time but although they discovered nearby islands, they did not catch sight of Antarctica itself. It is believed he was as close as 150 miles from the mainland. In 1820, several expeditions claimed to have been the first to have sighted the ice shelf or the continent. A Russian expedition was led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev, a British expedition was captained by Edward Bransfield and an American sealer Nathaniel Palmer participated. The first landing was probably just over a year later when American Captain John Davis, a sealer, set foot on the ice. Several expeditions attempted to reach the South Pole in the early 20th century, during the 'Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration'. Many resulted in injury and death. Norwegian Roald Amundsen finally reached the Pole on December 14, 1911, following a dramatic race with the Englishman Robert Falcon Scott.
    [Show full text]
  • Antarctica Free
    FREE ANTARCTICA PDF Lucy Bowman,Adam Stower | 32 pages | 29 Jun 2007 | Usborne Publishing Ltd | 9780746080351 | English | London, United Kingdom Antarctica - News and Scientific Articles on Live Science There is no mobile phone service. There are no ATMs, no souvenir stores, and no tourist traps. Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia Antarctica mostly covered with a thick sheet of ice. Lars-Eric Lindblad first took a group of 57 visitors to Antarctica Antarctica There were no satellite ice charts. You were not that Antarctica navigationally from the early explorers. Even now it can be hard to really understand a place like Antarctica. It is the coldest, windiest, and driest place on earth. It has no currency of its own. It is a Antarctica with no trees, no bushes, and no long-term residents. More meteorites are found in Antarctica than any other place Antarctica the world. Antarctica Antarctic travel season lasts from November through March, the Antarctic summer. Temperatures can range from around 20 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit. Antarctica best time for penguin spotting is late December or early January. Wait Antarctica long and previously pristine penguin colonies Antarctica dirty and smelly, said Nik Horncastle, a regional specialist with Audley Travel. For peak whale watching, try February or March. Other activities including snowshoeing, kayaking, skiing, camping, snorkeling, diving, and visits to historic sites from earlier expeditions can be experienced throughout the Antarctica. One of the more common routes to Antarctica is by ship via Ushuaia, a city at the southern tip of Argentina. On board, expect to mingle with scientists, naturalists, historians, and underwater specialists.
    [Show full text]
  • The Tournament and Its Role in the Court Culture of Emperor Maximilian I
    i The Tournament and its Role in the Court Culture of Emperor Maximilian I (1459-1519) Natalie Margaret Anderson Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds, Institute for Medieval Studies March 2017 ii The candidate confirms that the work submitted is her own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. © 2017 The University of Leeds and Natalie Margaret Anderson The right of Natalie Margaret Anderson to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by Natalie Margaret Anderson in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. iii Acknowledgements I must first acknowledge the help and support of my supervisors, Dr Alan V. Murray and Dr Karen Watts. They have been there since the beginning when I took part in their ‘Tournaments’ module during my MA studies, which first introduced me to the fantastical world of Maximilian’s tournaments. They also helped me to craft the idea for this research project while I was still exploring the exciting but daunting prospect of undertaking a PhD. Their words of advice, patience, and sometimes much-needed prodding over the past four years helped to bring about this thesis. Thank you as well to my examiners, Professor Stephen Alford and Professor Maria Hayward, whose insights helped to greatly improve this thesis. Thank you to the University of Leeds, whose funding in the form of a Leeds International Research Scholarship made this research possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Slices of the Pie: Mapping Territorial Claims in Antarctica
    Slices of the Pie: Mapping Territorial Claims in Antarctica By Nick Routley Theme: History Global Research, February 23, 2021 Visual Capitalist 20 February 2021 All Global Research articles can be read in 27 languages by activating the “Translate Website” drop down menu on the top banner of our home page (Desktop version). *** Slices of the Pie: Mapping Territorial Claims in Antarctica For the 55% of the world’s population who reside in cities, land is viewed as a precious commodity—every square foot has a value attached to it. As the global population continues to rise toward the eight billion mark, it can seem like humans have laid claim to every available corner of the earth. While this is mostly true, there is one place on the planet that is vast, empty, and even partially unclaimed: Antarctica. Today’s map, originally created by the CIA World Factbook, visualizes the active claims on Antarctic territory, as well as the location of many permanent research facilities. | 1 The History of Antarctic Territorial Claims In the first half of the 20th Century, a number of countries began to claim wedge-shaped portions of territory on the southernmost continent. Even Nazi Germany was in on the action, claiming a large swath of land which they dubbed New Swabia. After WWII, the Antarctic Treaty system—which established the legal framework for the management of the continent—began to take shape. In the 1950s, seven countries including Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom claimed territorial sovereignty over portions of Antarctica. A number of other nations, including the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Catalogue 46: July 2012
    Top of the World Books Catalogue 46: July 2012 Mountaineering Everest Expedition 2007. The team initially planned to attempt Everest from the north but permission was refused on account of Bém’s Buddhist beliefs and Alpinist Magazine #38. Spring 2012. #26026, $14.95 prior meetings with the Dalai Lama. They then received permission for the Álvarez, Miguel Ángel Pérez. Dos Escaladas al Everest: Crónica de las south side and Bém, at the time the mayor of Prague, achieved the summit along Expediciones de Castilla y León (1999 – 2001). 2004 Junta de Castilla y with two Sherpa members. This magnificent book not only covers their climb Leon, Consejeria Cultura y Turismo, 1st, 8vo, pp.217, 83 color photos, wraps; but also features numerous photos of Nepal, Tibet, Bhutan, and India. This also light rubbing, else new. #24430, $49.- includes a nicely produced, 28-min DVD ‘Window in the Sky’ covering the The accounts of two Spanish expedition to Everest, both via the South Col route. climb. Portions of the video, near the end, are in English. (This may not work The 1999 expedition reached 7500m on the Lhotse Face before deep snow and in NTSC players but does play with VLC Media Player on a PC.) In Czech, no avalanches forced a halt. The return expedition in 2001 succeeded in placing English translation. This set weighs 5.5 pounds. three members on the summit. In Spanish, no English translation. Benavides, Angela. ¡Cumbre! Los 14 Ochomiles de Edurne Pasabán Barker, Ralph. The Last Blue Mountain. 1959 Chatto & Windus, London, [Summit! The 14 Eight-Thousanders of Edurne Pasaban].
    [Show full text]
  • Nazi Secrets: an Occult Breach in the Fabric of History
    CONTENTS Title Copyright INTRODUCTION HISTORICAL ODDITIES Non-Whites & Jews in the German Army Spring of Life and Baby Abductions Lake Toplitz: the Nazi Abyss Werewolves The Underground Reich Wonder Weapons NAZI OCCULTISM The Hollow Earth Theory World Ice Theory Neuschwabenland The Ahnenerbe The Wewelsburg Hexen Files Hitler and Magic Wotan and the Aryan Archetype POST-WAR MYTHS The Morning of the Magicians Hitler’s Death The Mystic Treasure of the SS Fantasy Wonder Weapons The Genocide Nazism Becomes a Semi-Religious Movement The Black Sun The Vril EPILOGUE PICTURE CREDITS 2 NAZI SECRETS An Occult Breach in the Fabric of History Revised and Augmented Edition Frank Lost 3 Updated facts about Nazi Secrets and new books at: www.euromyst.com Copyright © 2013 Frank Lost All rights reserved. 4 INTRODUCTION Sometimes reality can be stranger than fiction. It is therefore unnecessary to add more fantasies to the genuine historical facts in the field of Nazi occultism, especially when it comes to their weird expeditions and their pseudo-scientific researches. The true amateur of sensational and strange stories can still be fully satisfied with Himmler's Witch Project, or the Hollow Earth Theory, or the various moons of the World Ice Theory that fell on our planet and drowned the Atlanteans. This is real history and some high-ranking Nazis did believe in these theories, no matter how sensational they may sound to modern ears. It does not add anything to the uncanny spell of such stories to pollute them with material that cannot be verified or, even worse, with pure lies coming straight out of the imagination of poor authors in search of quick money and fame.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity of the Southern Ocean
    Biodiversity of the Southern Ocean Series Editor Françoise Gaill Biodiversity of the Southern Ocean Bruno David Thomas Saucède First published 2015 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Press Ltd and Elsevier Ltd Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address: ISTE Press Ltd Elsevier Ltd 27-37 St George’s Road The Boulevard, Langford Lane London SW19 4EU Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 1GB UK UK www.iste.co.uk www.elsevier.com Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Radioactivity in Different Climate Types: Measurement, Terrestrial Transport Process and Radiation Exposure
    Environmental Radioactivity in Different Climate Types: Measurement, Terrestrial Transport Process and Radiation Exposure Vom Fachbereich für Physik und Elektrotechnik der Universität Bremen Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktor der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) genehmigte Dissertation von Ahmed Ali Husein Qwasmeh Eingerich am: 22.05.2008 Tag des Promotionskolloquiums: 01.07.08 Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Justus Notholt Prof. Dr. Gerald Kirchner Prüfer: Prof. Dr. Jörn Bleck-Neuhaus Prof. Dr. Stefan Bornholdt I Table of Contents List of Figures V List of Tables VIII Abstract 1 1 Environmental Radioactivity and its Measurements 4 1.1 Introduction 4 1.1.1 Natural and Man-Made Radiation 4 1.1.2 Radioactivity 5 1.1.2.1 Types of Radiation 6 1.1.2.2 Radiation Levels and Their Effects 7 1.2 Measurement of Radiation 8 1.2.1 Gamma Detection 8 1.2.1.1 Types of Gamma Detectors 10 1.2.1.2 General Characteristics of Gamma Detectors 10 1.2.1.2.1 Detector Efficiency 11 1.2.1.2.2 Detector Resolution 12 1.2.1.3 Semiconductor Detectors 13 1.2.2 Beta Measurement 17 1.2.2.1 Gas-Filled Detectors 17 1.2.2.2 Proportional Counters 18 1.2.3 Sample Geometry 23 1.2.4 Evaluation of Gamma Spectra 24 1.2.4.1 Energy Calibration 24 1.2.4.2 Efficiency Calibration 25 1.2.4.3 Counting Statistics 26 1.2.4.4 Soil Sample Spectra 28 1.3 Cesium-137 and Strontium-90 in the Environment 29 1.3.1 Cesium 29 1.3.2 Strontium 31 1.3.3 90Sr and 137Cs Sources 32 1.3.3.1 Global Fallout 32 1.3.3.2 Chernobyl Fallout 35 1.3.4 Chernobyl Impact on Jordan and its Neighboring Countries
    [Show full text]
  • 3.3. Stakeholder Analysis: Typology of Methods
    HUMBOLDT-UNIVERSITÄT ZU BERLIN Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut für Agrar- und Gartenbauwissenschaften “Challenges to the establishment of CCAMLR Marine Protected Areas (MPA): A stakeholder analysis of interests and positions” Master-Arbeit im Studiengang: Integrated Natural Resource Management vorgelegt von: Lahl, Rebecca Erstbetreuer: Prof. Dr. Müller, Klaus Institution: Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut für Agrar- und Gartenbauwissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Fachgebiet: Ökonomie und Politik ländlicher Räume Zweitbetreuer: Prof. Dr. Brey, Thomas Institution: Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven Fachgebiet: Biosciences and Functional Ecology Berlin, 22.10.2015 I Summary Marine protected areas (MPAs) are used in spatial management for fisheries and conservation purpose. Since the alarming reports on the status of the world’s oceans, MPAs have been on the international agenda for over a decade as they promise various ecological and socioeconomic benefits. The CCAMLR (Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources) is the fisheries management regime in the Southern Ocean that is committed to establishing MPAs. Member states have however repeatedly failed to reach consensus on the proposals for MPA establishment in the Southern Ocean. Two MPA proposals have recurrently been tabled and at least two other proposals are being planned and will be subject of the debate in the coming negotiations. The argument of MPAs in the Southern Ocean consumes a lot of time and vigor while defining the political agenda of CCAMLR’s everyday business. This thesis explores the causes of the absence of consensus on MPA establishment in the Southern Ocean by looking at the diverging interests and positions of the CCAMLR member states on MPAs in general and on the tabled MPA proposals.
    [Show full text]