DOCSLIB.ORG

Masterproef Lies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Masterproef Lies UNIVERSITEIT GENT FACULTEIT POLITIEKE EN SOCIALE WETENSCHAPPEN Het Primary Education Development Programme in Tanzania: een analyse van de toegankelijkheid en de kwaliteit van het basisonderwijs op lokaal vlak in Mwanza. Wetenschappelijke verhandeling aantal woorden: 21956 LIES GOBYN MASTERPROEF MANAMA CONFLICT AND DEVELOPMENT PROMOTOR : PROF. DR. ANNE WALRAET COMMISSARIS : ELS LECOUTERE COMMISSARIS : KAREN BÜSCHER ACADEMIEJAAR 2009 – 2010 I do not have to earn The right to learn It’s mine. And if because Of faulty laws And errors of design, And far too many places where Still far too many people do not care – If because of all these things, and more, For me, the classroom door, With someone who can teach, Is still beyond my reach, Still out of sight, Those wrongs do not remove my right. 1 1 Uit: My right to learn , Robert Prouty (Unesco/Unicef, 2007, p. 14). Foto: Muurschildering in Mwanza centrum, foto gemaakt op 24 augustus 2009. 2 I. Voorwoord Het is voor mij een aangename plicht hier de mensen te bedanken die me op de één of andere manier geholpen hebben bij het tot stand komen van deze masterproef. In de eerste plaats wil ik mijn promotor, professor Dr. Anne Walraet, en commissaris Els Lecoutere bedanken voor de handige tips en feedback bij het schrijven. Daarnaast ben ik ook Frednand Fredrick bijzonder dankbaar. Hij heeft me in Mwanza met een hoop interessante mensen in contact gebracht, geen enkele moeite was hem te veel. Zonder zijn onvoorwaardelijke hulp was deze masterproef er nooit gekomen. Ook Jolien, mijn steun en toeverlaat in Mwanza, wil ik oprecht bedanken voor haar lieve aanwezigheid en haar luisterend oor. En last but not least : dankjewel, mama, Griet, Tom en Saartje, voor jullie aanmoedigingen en steun bij mijn hele ‘Tanzania-onderneming’! Lies Gobyn 3 II. Inhoudsopgave I. Voorwoord..................................................................................................................3 II. Inhoudsopgave ..........................................................................................................4 III. Abstract....................................................................................................................5 IV. Inleiding...................................................................................................................6 V. Onderwijs als mensenrecht .......................................................................................8 VI. Kort historisch overzicht van het basisonderwijs in Tanzania ..............................10 1. Nyerere, de man die zijn volk leerde lezen…?....................................................10 2. Hervormingen aan het eind van de jaren ’90 en het begin van de 21 e eeuw .......12 3. Het basisonderwijs in de 21 e eeuw: l’histoire se répète? .....................................13 VII. Afbakening van de studiegebieden.......................................................................15 VIII. Het onderwijssysteem in Tanzania in een notendop...........................................16 IX. Studie 1: Een analyse van de toegankelijkheid van het basisonderwijs in Tanzania ......................................................................................................................................17 1. Methode ...............................................................................................................17 2. Resultaten.............................................................................................................18 2.1. De stand van zaken vóór de invoering van het PEDP ..................................18 2.2. De stand van zaken na de invoering van het PEDP......................................21 3. Bespreking en conclusie ......................................................................................27 X. Studie 2: Een analyse van de kwaliteit van het basisonderwijs in Tanzania ..........29 1. ‘Kwaliteit’? ..........................................................................................................29 2. Methode ...............................................................................................................30 2.1. Opzet.............................................................................................................30 2.2. Steekproef .....................................................................................................31 2.3. Procedure ......................................................................................................32 2.4. Materiaal .......................................................................................................34 3. Resultaten.............................................................................................................35 3.1. Publieke scholen ...........................................................................................38 3.2. Privéscholen..................................................................................................52 4. Bespreking en conclusie ......................................................................................55 XI. Studie 3: De financiële haalbaarheid van het PEDP in vraag gesteld ...................56 1. Methode ...............................................................................................................56 2. Resultaten.............................................................................................................57 3. Bespreking en conclusie ......................................................................................61 XII. Eindconclusies......................................................................................................63 XIII. Appendix.............................................................................................................66 XIV. Referenties ..........................................................................................................79 4 III. Abstract Omdat het basisonderwijs meer dan ooit in crisis verkeerde, riep de Tanzaniaanse overheid in 2002 het Primary Education Development Programme (PEDP) in het leven. Dit ambitieuze PEDP moest de lang verwachte hervormingen in het onderwijs tot stand brengen; de ongetwijfeld meest radicale maatregel bestond uit de afschaffing van de zogenaamde ‘school fees’. In de voorliggende scriptie wordt nagegaan of het PEDP haar beloftes heeft kunnen waarmaken. Daartoe worden recente statistieken vergeleken met cijfers van vroeger en wordt een beroep gedaan op veldonderzoek dat werd uitgevoerd in Mwanza. Het zal duidelijk worden dat de toegankelijkheid van het basisonderwijs in Tanzania aanzienlijk verbeterd is: inschrijvingscijfers zijn pijlsnel de lucht in gegaan en lopen voor jongens en meisjes zo goed als gelijk. Toch is wat de bereikbaarheid voor gemarginaliseerde groepen betreft nog werk aan de winkel. Helaas ging de verhoging van de toegankelijkheid grotendeels ten koste van de kwaliteit van het onderwijs. De infrastructuur en het leerkrachtenbestand zijn tot op vandaag niet aangepast aan de enorme toevloed aan leerlingen die het gevolg was van de afschaffing van het schoolgeld. Er is een enorm tekort aan schoolboeken en andere leermaterialen en verder laat ook de bekwaamheid van leerkrachten in het basisonderwijs vaak te wensen over. Ook op het vlak van financiering heeft het PEDP niet de gehoopte verbetering tot stand gebracht. De veelbesproken ‘capitation grant’ volstaat niet om het weggevallen geld van de ‘school fees’ te compenseren. Klachten over een gebrek aan financiële middelen om kwaliteitsvol onderwijs te verstrekken zijn wijd verspreid. 5 IV. Inleiding ‘Het belangrijkste is nu het onderwijs. Onderwijs, opleiding, kennisverwerving. We zijn zo onontwikkeld, zo onontwikkeld! Ik denk dat de hele wereld ons te hulp komt. We moeten de gelijke worden van de ontwikkelde landen. Niet alleen vrij, maar ook gelijk (Kapuscinski, 2000, p. 27)!’ Wat in de roman Ebbenhout over Ghana bij de onafhankelijkheid werd geschreven, geldt bij uitbreiding voor vele Afrikaanse landen: onderwijs werd als belangrijke hefboom voor ontwikkeling beschouwd. Ook Tanzania schatte van bij de onafhankelijkheid de baten van degelijk onderwijs hoog in (Sitta, 2007, p. 40). In de jaren ’70 investeerde het land in gratis basisonderwijs om op die manier te bouwen aan een sociaal en economisch sterke staat. Tanzania kon al snel de vruchten plukken van deze onderwijspolitiek: vele kinderen gingen naar de basisschool en ook de geletterdheidsgraad bij volwassenen was enorm groot. Vanaf de jaren ’80 ging het echter – om uiteenlopende redenen – bergaf met het Tanzaniaanse basisonderwijs en in de jaren ’90 en aan het begin van de 21 e eeuw was de crisis in het basisonderwijs alomtegenwoordig. In 2002 lanceerde Tanzania het Primary Education Development Programme (PEDP) als antwoord op deze crisis. Met deze scriptie wil ik – bijna een halve eeuw na de onafhankelijkheid – voor Tanzania de balans opmaken. Hoe staat het vandaag de dag, vele internationale akkoorden, hervormingen en vier presidenten later, met de toestand van het basisonderwijs in Tanzania? Meerbepaald wil ik het PEDP aan een grondige evaluatie onderwerpen. ‘Education is salvation’ staat in grote letters op de schoolbus van Eden Valley Public Primary School in Mwanza geschilderd en ik ga na of het PEDP daadwerkelijk de lang verwachte ‘redding’ heeft gebracht. In een eerste verkennend hoofdstuk wordt even ingegaan op onderwijs als zijnde een fundamenteel mensenrecht en wordt de geschiedenis van het basisonderwijs in Tanzania kort toegelicht.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Country Technical Note on Indigenous Peoples' Issues
    Country Technical Note on Indigenous Peoples’ Issues United Republic of Tanzania Country Technical Notes on Indigenous Peoples’ Issues THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Submitted by: IWGIA Date: June 2012 Disclaimer The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IFAD concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The designations ‗developed‘ and ‗developing‘ countries are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. All rights reserved Acronyms and abbreviations ACHPR African Commission on Human and Peoples‘ Rights ASDS Agricultural Sector Development Strategy AU African Union AWF African Wildlife Fund CBO Community Based Organization CCM Chama Cha Mapinduzi (Party of the Revolution) CELEP Coalition of European Lobbies for Eastern African Pastoralism CPS Country Partnership Strategy (World Bank) COSOP Country Strategic Opportunities Paper (IFAD) CWIP Core Welfare Indicator Questionnaire DDC District Development Corporation FAO Food and Agricultural Organization FBO Faith Based Organization FGM Female Genital Mutilation FYDP Five Year Development Plan
    [Show full text]
  • TANZANIA GOVERNANCE REVIEW 2013: Who Will Benefit from the Gas Economy, If It Happens?
    TANZANIA GOVERNANCE REVIEW 2013: Who will benefit from the gas economy, if it happens? TANZANIA GOVERNANCE REVIEW 2013: Who will benefit from the gas economy, if it happens? TANZANIA GOVERNANCE REVIEW 2013 Who will benefit from the gas economy, if it happens? Supported by: 2 TANZANIA GOVERNANCE REVIEW 2013: Who will benefit from the gas economy, if it happens? ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Policy Forum would like to thank the Foundation for Civil Society for the generous grant that financed Tanzania Governance Review 2013. The review was drafted by Tanzania Development Research Group and edited by Policy Forum. The cartoons were drawn by Adam Lutta (Adamu). Tanzania Governance Reviews for 2006-7, 2008-9, 2010-11, 2012 and 2013 can be downloaded from the Policy Forum website. The views expressed and conclusions drawn on the basis of data and analysis presented in this review do not necessarily reflect those of Policy Forum. TGRs review published and unpublished materials from official sources, civil society and academia, and from the media. Policy Forum has made every effort to verify the accuracy of the information contained in TGR2013, particularly with media sources. However, Policy Forum cannot guarantee the accuracy of all reported claims, statements, and statistics. Whereas any part of this review can be reproduced provided it is duly sourced, Policy Forum cannot accept responsibility for the consequences of its use for other purposes or in other contexts. ISBN:978-9987-708-19-2 For more information and to order copies of the report please contact: Policy Forum P.O. Box 38486 Dar es Salaam Tel +255 22 2780200 Website: www.policyforum.or.tz Email: [email protected] Suggested citation: Policy Forum 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • AN ETHNOGRAPHY of DEAF PEOPLE in TANZANIA By
    THEY HAVE TO SEE US: AN ETHNOGRAPHY OF DEAF PEOPLE IN TANZANIA by Jessica C. Lee B.A., University of Northern Colorado, 2001 M.A., Gallaudet University, 2004 M.A., University of Colorado, 2006 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the degree requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Anthropology 2012 ii This thesis entitled: They Have To See Us: an Ethnography of Deaf People in Tanzania written by Jessica Chantelle Lee has been approved for the Department of Anthropology J. Terrence McCabe Dennis McGilvray Paul Shankman --------------------------------------------- Date The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. IRB protocol # 13090619 iii ABSTRACT They Have To See Us: an Ethnography of Deaf People in Tanzania Jessica Lee Department of Anthropology Thesis directed by Professor J. Terrence McCabe This dissertation explores the relationship between Tanzanian deaf people and mainstream society, as well as dynamics within deaf communities. I argue that deaf people who do participate in NGOs and other organizations that provide support to deaf people, do so strategically. In order to access services and improve their own lives and the lives of their families, deaf people in Tanzania move comfortably and fluidly between identity groups that are labeled as disabled or only as deaf. Through intentional use of the interventions provided by various organizations, deaf people are able to carve out deaf spaces that act as places for transmission of information, safe areas to learn and use sign language, and sites of network and community development among other deaf people.
    [Show full text]
  • TANZANIA GOVERNANCE REVIEW 2012: Transparency with Impunity?
    TANZANIA GOVERNANCE REVIEW 2012: Transparency with Impunity? TANZANIA GOVERNANCE REVIEW 2012: Transparency with Impunity? With Partial Support from a TANZANIA GOVERNANCE REVIEW 2012: Transparency with Impunity? ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This review was compiled and edited by Tanzania Development Research Group (TADREG) under the supervision of the Steering Group of Policy Forum members, and has been financially supported in part by Water Aid in Tanzania and Policy Forum core funders. The cartoons were drawn by Adam Lutta Published 2013 For more information and to order copies of the review please contact: Policy Forum P.O Box 38486 Dar es Salaam Tel: +255 22 2780200 Website: www.policyforum.or.tz Email: [email protected] ISBN: 978-9987 -708-09-3 © Policy Forum The conclusions drawn and views expressed on the basis of the data and analysis presented in this review do not necessarily reflect those of Policy Forum. Every effort has been made to verify the accuracy of the information contained in this review, including allegations. Nevertheless, Policy Forum cannot guarantee the accuracy and completeness of the contents. Whereas any part of this review may be reproduced providing it is properly sourced, Policy Forum cannot accept responsibility for the consequences of its use for other purposes or in other contexts. Designed by: Jamana Printers b TANZANIA GOVERNANCE REVIEW 2012: Transparency with Impunity? TABLE OF CONTENTS POLICY FORUM’s OBJECTIVES .............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Final TZ Report 28-8-06
    FINAL REPORT FINAL REPORT TIE of theTanzania National Programme for Councillors Training Table of Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms ii Executive Summary iii 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Overview of the Policy Context 1 1.2 Background to the National Programme for Councillors Training 2 1.3 Background to the Training Impact Evaluation (TIE) 3 2 TIE APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY 4 2.1 Preparation and Orientation 4 2.2 Data Collection 4 2.3 Analysis and Reporting 5 2.4 Feedback and Reflection 6 2.5 Process Challenges and Mitigation 6 2.6 The team and acknowledgement 8 3 PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS 9 3.1 Analysis of the Pre-Training Activities 9 3.1.1 Capacity needs assessment process 9 3.1.2 Capacity Needs Identified 10 3.2 Analysis of the Scope and Training Processes 11 3.2.1 Content issues 11 3.2.2 Process/Mechanics issues 14 3.2.3 Organisational and logistical support 22 3.3 Analysis of Impact on Individual Learning 24 3.3.1 Analysis of objectives 24 3.3.2 Analysis of the acquisition of knowledge and skills 24 3.4 Impact on Job Behaviour, Organisation and Human Settlements 25 3.4.1 Adherence to legal provisions and procedures 25 3.4.2 Roles and responsibilities in relation to leadership and management 27 3.4.3 Role of councillors in service delivery 31 3.4.4 Roles in management and control of LG finances 31 3.4.5 Crosscutting Issues 32 4 SUMMARY OF LESSONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 35 4.1 Improving the Next Round of Councillor Training in Tanzania 35 4.2 Institutionalising Training: Lessons from the Councillors Training 38 4.3 Overall Assessment
    [Show full text]
  • Management of Natural Resources Programme, Tanzania TAN-0092
    Management of Natural Resources Programme, Tanzania TAN-0092 Final Evaluation NORAD COLLECTED REVIEWS 1/2007 Dr Brian Cooksey (Team Leader), Mr Leonce Anthony, Dr Jim Egoe, Ms Kate Forrester, Professor George Kajembe, Mr Bakari Mbano, Ms Isabell von Oertzen, Dr Sibylle Riedmiller Commissioned by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, Tanzania, and the Royal Norwegian Embassy, Dar es Salaam Norad collected reviews The report is presented in a series, compiled by Norad to disseminate and share analyses of development cooperation. The views and interpretations are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation. Norad Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation P.O. Box 8034 Dep, NO- 0030 OSLO Ruseløkkveien 26, Oslo, Norway Phone: +47 22 24 20 30 Fax: +47 22 24 20 31 ISBN 978-82-7548-188-5 Management of Natural Resources Programme, Tanzania TAN-0092 Final Evaluation VOLUME 1: Main Report Summary of Main Findings and Recommendations REVISED FINAL REPORT Dr Brian COOKSEY (Team Leader) Mr Leonce ANTHONY Dr Jim EGOE Ms Kate FORRESTER Professor George KAJEMBE Mr Bakari MBANO Ms Isabell von OERTZEN Dr Sibylle RIEDMILLER Final Report submitted to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism and the Royal Norwegian Embassy, Dar es Salaam November 2006 3 Management of Natural Resources Programme, Tanzania TAN-0092 Final Evaluation TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME 1: MAIN REPORT Summary of Main Findings and Recommendations Executive summary i-iv Acknowledgement v Acronyms and abbreviations
    [Show full text]
  • Tanzania Human Rights Report 2008
    Legal and Human Rights Centre Tanzania Human Rights Report 2008: Progress through Human Rights Funded By; Embassy of Finland Embassy of Norway Embassy of Sweden Ford Foundation Oxfam-Novib Trocaire Foundation for Civil Society i Tanzania Human Rights Report 2008 Editorial Board Francis Kiwanga (Adv.) Helen Kijo-Bisimba Prof. Chris Maina Peter Richard Shilamba Harold Sungusia Rodrick Maro Felista Mauya Researchers Godfrey Mpandikizi Stephen Axwesso Laetitia Petro Writers Clarence Kipobota Sarah Louw Publisher Legal and Human Rights Centre LHRC, April 2009 ISBN: 978-9987-432-74-5 ii Acknowledgements We would like to recognize the immense contribution of several individuals, institutions, governmental departments, and non-governmental organisations. The information they provided to us was invaluable to the preparation of this report. We are also grateful for the great work done by LHRC employees Laetitia Petro, Richard Shilamba, Godfrey Mpandikizi, Stephen Axwesso, Mashauri Jeremiah, Ally Mwashongo, Abuu Adballah and Charles Luther who facilitated the distribution, collection and analysis of information gathered from different areas of Tanzania. Our 131 field human rights monitors and paralegals also played an important role in preparing this report by providing us with current information about the human rights’ situation at the grass roots’ level. We greatly appreciate the assistance we received from the members of the editorial board, who are: Helen Kijo-Bisimba, Francis Kiwanga, Rodrick Maro, Felista Mauya, Professor Chris Maina Peter, and Harold Sungusia for their invaluable input on the content and form of this report. Their contributions helped us to create a better report. We would like to recognize the financial support we received from various partners to prepare and publish this report.
    [Show full text]
  • Kitabu Cha Kumbukumbu Za Wabunge
    BUNGE LA TANZANIA ____________ KITABU CHA KUMBUKUMBU ZA WABUNGE BUNGE LA KUMI NA MBILI Toleo la Nne - Agosti, 2021 1 SEHEMU YA KWANZA UTANGULIZI Bunge limekuwepo toka tupate Uhuru mwaka 1961 na kabla ya Uhuru kuanzia mwaka 1926. Wabunge nao wameendelea kuwepo kwa vipindi tofauti na kwa idadi inayobadilika kila wakati wakitekeleza wajibu wao muhimu wa kutunga sheria na kuisimamia Serikali kwa niaba ya wananchi kwa mujibu wa Katiba ya nchi. Bunge lilipoanza mwaka 1926, Wabunge walikuwa ishirini na moja (21) na mwaka 1961 ulipopatikana Uhuru Wabunge waliongezeka kufikia themanini (80) na baada ya Uchaguzi Mkuu wa mwaka 2010 idadi ya Wabunge iliongezeka na kufikia Wabunge 357. Hata hivyo, baada ya Tume ya Uchaguzi kuona umuhimu wa kuongeza idadi ya majimbo kutokana na sababu mbalimbali sasa hivi idadi ya Wabunge ni 393. Kitabu hiki cha Kumbukumbu za Wabunge kimegawanyika katika Sehemu kuu Kumi na Nne. Katika sehemu hizo, kitabu kimeorodhesha Wabunge wote wa Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania pamoja na anuani zao, namba zao simu za mkononi na majimbo au aina ya uwakilishi wao Bungeni chini ya picha zao ili kurahisisha mawasiliano. Katika mchanganuo wa kila sehemu, Sehemu ya Kwanza ni Utangulizi. Aidha, Wajumbe wa Tume ya Utumishi wa Bunge ambao ndio wasimamizi wa shughuli za Bunge wameorodheshwa katika Sehemu ya Pili ya kitabu hiki ikifuatiwa na Uongozi wa Ofisi ya Bunge katika Sehemu ya Tatu. 2 Sehemu ya Nne imeorodhesha Wabunge wote wa Majimbo wa Bunge la Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania kwa Mikoa ikifuatiwa na Sehemu ya Tano ambayo imeorodhesha Wabunge wote wa Viti Maalum kulingana na uwakilishi wa vyama vyao Bungeni ikianzia na Chama cha Mapinduzi (CCM) na ikifuatiwa na Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (CHADEMA) na Sehemu ya Sita imeorodhesha Wabunge kupitia nafasi ya Kuteuliwa na Rais na Sehemu ya Saba itaorodhesha Wabunge kutoka Baraza la Wawakilishi.
    [Show full text]
  • APRA POLICY PROCESSES and POLITICAL ECONOMY: TANZANIA COUNTRY REVIEW Colin Poulton1
    APRA POLICY PROCESSES AND POLITICAL ECONOMY: TANZANIA COUNTRY REVIEW Colin Poulton1 WP 05 Working Paper October 2017 CONTENTS 1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................6 2 Electoral trends in Tanzania........................................................................................................8 3 How does CCM retain power?....................................................................................................9 3.1 Where does agricultural policy fit into this?.......................................................................11 4 The rise of medium-scale and large-scale farms in Tanzania...............................................14 4.1 Large-scale farming in Tanzania.......................................................................................14 4.2 The rise of medium-scale farms.......................................................................................15 4.3 Economic and political dynamics.....................................................................................15 4.4 Land acquisition..............................................................................................................17 5 Contested policy narratives around agricultural commercialisation....................................19 5.1 Agricultural Sector Development Strategy (2001).............................................................19 5.2 Kilimo Kwanza (2009)......................................................................................................20
    [Show full text]
  • Jarida La Ushirika Toleo La Tano (5Th Edition)
    ISSN 2714 - 2175 Toleo Na: 005 Januari - Machi, 2021 “HAKIKISHENI VITENDEA KAZI HIVI VINATUNZWA NA KUTUMIKA VIZURI ILI KUFIKIA MALENGO YALIYOKUSUDIWA” – WAZIRI WA KILIMO “Ushirika - Pamoja Tujenge Uchumi Imara na Endelevu” SALAMU ZA PONGEZI Jarida la Ushirika, Toleo Namba 005 2 YALIYOMO KUTOKA KWA MRAJIS NA MTENDAJI MKUU WA TUME YA MAENDELEO YA USHIRIKA 04 WAZIRI WA KILIMO AKABIDHI MAGARI NA KOMPYUTA KWA WARAJIS WASAIDIZI WA MIKOA 05 TAFITI ZA USHIRIKA KULETA SULUHU YA CHANGAMOTO ZA USHIRIKA 07 MCHANGO WA USHIRIKA WA KILIMO KWENYE MAENDELEO YA VIWANDA NCHINI 09 SERIKALI YADHAMIRIA KUREJESHA HESHIMA NA HADHI YA USHIRIKA NCHINI 11 ZIJUE KAGUZI ZA VYAMA VYA USHIRIKA 13 SHERIA YA USHIRIKA KUFANYIWA MAPITIO 15 USHIRIKA MKOMBOZI WA WANAWAKE 16 MAADHIMISHO YA SIKU YA WANAWAKE KATIKA PICHA 18 WAJUMBE WAPYA WA BODI ZA VYAMA WAPIGWA MSASA NA KULA KIAPO 19 MASWALI NA MAJIBU KUHUSU CHAGUZI ZA VIONGOZI WA VYAMA VYA USHIRIKA 21 MCHANGO WA VYAMA VYA USHIRIKA WA NYUMBA KUFIKIA AZMA YA NYUMBA KWA WOTE 22 MIFUMO YA KIMASOKO YAWANUFAISHA WAKULIMA WA MKOA WA RUVUMA NA KUWAWEZESHA KUPATA 24 BILIONI 28.6 WAKULIMA WA CHOROKO MWANZA WANUFAIKA NA MFUMO WA STAKABADHI ZA GHALA 26 Jarida la Ushirika, Toleo Namba 005 3 KUTOKA KWA MRAJIS NA MTENDAJI MKUU WA TUME YA MAENDELEO YA USHIRIKA - Tumekusudia Kuimarisha Usimamizi wa Ushirika ERIKALI imekusudia kuendeleza na Skuimarisha Vyama vya Ushirika nchini ili kuleta tija kwa Wananchi na hatimaye kuijenga Tanzania yenye uchumi wa kati na wa viwanda kupitia Vyama vya Ushirika. Nina imani kubwa kuwa Ushirika ukiendeshwa na kusimamiwa vizuri unayo fursa kubwa ya kushiriki katika kujenga, kuimarisha na kustawisha uchumi wa nchi yetu na maisha ya wananchi kwa ujumla.
    [Show full text]
  • Coversheet for Thesis in Sussex Research Online
    A University of Sussex DPhil thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details Accountability and Clientelism in Dominant Party Politics: The Case of a Constituency Development Fund in Tanzania Machiko Tsubura Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Development Studies University of Sussex January 2014 - ii - I hereby declare that this thesis has not been and will not be submitted in whole or in part to another University for the award of any other degree. Signature: ……………………………………… - iii - UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX MACHIKO TSUBURA DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES ACCOUNTABILITY AND CLIENTELISM IN DOMINANT PARTY POLITICS: THE CASE OF A CONSTITUENCY DEVELOPMENT FUND IN TANZANIA SUMMARY This thesis examines the shifting nature of accountability and clientelism in dominant party politics in Tanzania through the analysis of the introduction of a Constituency Development Fund (CDF) in 2009. A CDF is a distinctive mechanism that channels a specific portion of the government budget to the constituencies of Members of Parliament (MPs) to finance local small-scale development projects which are primarily selected by MPs.
    [Show full text]
  • Report on the State of Pastoralists' Human Rights in Tanzania
    REPORT ON THE STATE OF PASTORALISTS’ HUMAN RIGHTS IN TANZANIA: SURVEY OF TEN DISTRICTS OF TANZANIA MAINLAND 2010/2011 [Area Surveyed: Handeni, Kilindi, Bagamoyo, Kibaha, Iringa-Rural, Morogoro, Mvomero, Kilosa, Mbarali and Kiteto Districts] Cover Picture: Maasai warriors dancing at the initiation ceremony of Mr. Kipulelia Kadege’s children in Handeni District, Tanga Region, April 2006. PAICODEO Tanzania Funded By: IWGIA, Denmark 1 REPORT ON THE STATE OF PASTORALISTS’ HUMAN RIGHTS IN TANZANIA: SURVEY OF TEN DISTRICTS OF TANZANIA MAINLAND 2010/2011 [Area Surveyed: Handeni, Kilindi, Bagamoyo, Kibaha, Iringa-Rural, Morogoro-Rural, Mvomero, Kilosa, Mbarali and Kiteto Districts] PARAKUIYO PASTORALISTS INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ORGANISATION-(PAICODEO) Funded By: IWGIA, Denmark i REPORT ON THE STATE OF PASTORALISTS’ RIGHTS IN TANZANIA: SURVEY OF TEN DISTRICTS OF TANZANIA MAINLAND 2010/2011 Researchers Legal and Development Consultants Limited (LEDECO Advocates) Writer Adv. Clarence KIPOBOTA (Advocate of the High Court) Publisher Parakuiyo Pastoralists Indigenous Community Development Organization © PAICODEO March, 2013 ISBN: 978-9987-9726-1-6 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................................... vii FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................viii Legal Status and Objectives of PAICODEO ...........................................................viii Vision ......................................................................................................................viii
    [Show full text]