Krig, Okkupasjon Og Historisk
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Masteroppgave I Kulturmøte
Masteroppgave i Kulturmøte Oppgavetittel: «Russenschwein!» Okkupasjonshistorie fra Solør med fokus på russiske tvangsarbeidere årene 1943-1945 ved Haslemoen leir – møte mellom lokalbefolkning, krigsfanger og Herrefolket. Studiepoeng: 60 Forfatternavn.: Elin Gundersen Mnd/År.: Mai 2017 Side 1 av 100 Abstract This thesis is looking into the local history in Solør during the Second World War, particularly russian prisoners of war. It will also briefly look in to how the story from Solør has been told for later generations in books and colloquially, and if the national and the local history is the story of the victor. There were also a relatively high share members of Nasjonal Samling, the Norwegian Nationalist Party, in the Solør area both before and during the Second World War. People in Solør, as many other places, had people on both sides that worked for or against the Government and people who just tried to live their lives as normal as they could. It’s the meeting between the different parts during the war and the first period in peacetime this thesis is also trying to look into. There were several million Soviet prisoners of war taken after Germany invaded The Soviet Union (USSR) June 22. 1941, this was called “Operation Barbarossa”. The nazis needed a lot of workers and forced their prisoners into labour. In Norway they had around 500 hundred small and bigger camps, Stalags, where forced working slaves were used for different things. Mostly in the infrastructure like roads, airports and railways. They usually didn’t get enough food, they were undernurished, and they often got sick. -
The Rise and Fall of the Oslo School
Nordic Journal of Political Economy Volume 33 2007 Article 1 The Rise and Fall of the Oslo School ‡ Ib E. Eriksen* Tore Jørgen Hanisch † Arild Sæther * University of Agder, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Kristiansand, Norway ‡ University of Agder, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Kristiansand, Norway † University of Agder, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Kristiansand, Norway This article can be dowloaded from: http://www.nopecjournal.org/NOPEC_2007_a01.pdf Other articles from the Nordic Journal of Political Economy can be found at: http://www.nopecjournal.org The Rise and Fall of the Oslo School 1 Ib E. Eriksen, Tore Jørgen Hanisch1, Arild Sæther The Rise and Fall of the Oslo School2 Abstract In 1931 Ragnar Frisch became professor at the University of Oslo. By way of his research, a new study programme and new staff he created the ”Oslo School”, characterised by mathematical modelling, econometrics, economic planning and scepticism towards the market economy. Consequently, detailed state economic planning and governance dominated Norwegian economic policy for three decades after WWII. In the 1970s the School’s dominance came to an end when the belief in competitive markets gained a foothold and the economy had poor performance. As a result a decentralized market economy was reintroduced. However, mathematical modelling and econometrics remain in the core of most economic programmes. JEL classification: B23, B29,B31, B59, O21, P41, P51 1. Introduction The main purpose of this presentation is to tell the story of how Ragnar Frisch founded the so-called Oslo School in economics, and secondly, to outline the main features of this School and investigate its major influence on the Norwegian post-war economy. -
Max Manus the Rat Hunter
The Rat Hunter Max Manus Original title: Rottejegeren Max Manus (1914 - 1996) was a Publisher: Kagge Forlag 2021 Norwegian resistance fighter in Fiction / Novel Kompani Linge during WWII. He is one of the few who has been awarded Norway's highest ranked award, the War Cross with two swords. The author has also written several autobiographical books. This is his The Rat Hunters is the name given to the Norwegian resistance fighters who only novel. performed the dirtiest jobs during World War II: they liquidated informants, torturers and other Norwegians who worked for the Germans. In the post-war period, this part of the war history has been concealed. In this sensational and until recently unpublished manuscript written in the years after the war, Kompani Linge lieutenant and Norway's most famous resistance fighter Max Manus tells about the rat hunters. At the center of the story we meet the author's alter ego Freddy and a group of veterans. They try to find their place in society and in love, but dull the bad memories of the war with alcohol and other excesses. "The Rat Hunter" is a hard-boiled and vivid picture of Norway in the late 1940s. It's a story about the real price of war - from a person who knew better than most what he was talking about. "It's nice to feel the wonderful sense of security that touching a gun always gives you," Manus writes, adding: "But the memories never leave him." Stilton Literary Agency Hans Petter Bakketeig: +47 47 674759, [email protected] www.stilton.no. -
Militære Veivalg 1940- 45 En Undersøkelse Av De Øverste Norske Militære Sj Efers Valg Mellom Motstand Og Samarbeid Under Okkupasjonen 1
Kapittel8 Militære veivalg 1940- 45 En undersøkelse av de øverste norske militære sj efers valg mellom motstand og samarbeid under okkupasjonen 1 Lars Borgersrud2 Under en samtale tillot jeg meg å spørre ham so m gammel kamerat: «Er det fo r sent å gå sammen med Tyskl and mot England?>> Spørsmålet var uttrykk fo r mitt syn på hvordan utviklingen burde vært. Kon torsjefi Forsvarsdepartementet, major F.H Kjelstrup, 3 til statsråd B. Ljungberg 9· april I940 Mange nordmenn deltok i motstandskampen 1940-45, særlig på slutten av krigen. D et var annerledes i begynnelsen. Kri gslitteraturen gir inn trykk av at særlig offiserene var aktive, og at motstandskampen for deres del var en fortsettelse av felttoget i 1940. Men ser vi nærmere på motstanden i det okkuperte Norge, og særlig i den første tiden, så er førstei nntrykket et helt annet. Vi treffer på sjøfolk, arbeidere og funksjonærer innen transport og industri, håndverkere, 1 Militære veivalg 194D-1945er basen på en seminarrappon som ble present en ved lnstitun for sammen liknende poli tikk, Unive rsitetet i Bergen, 23.3· 98. 2 Lars Borgersrud, dr. philos . (Universitetet i Oslo 1995), har skrevet bl. a. Nødvendig innsats, 1997, Wol!weberorganisasjonen i Norge, 1995, Unngå å irritere fienden, 1981, og væ n bidragsyte r og redak sjonsko nsulent i N onk krigsleksikon 194D-1945 (Oslo 1995) Fra et samtidig manuskript som ble funnet i NS' arkiver av kaptein i FO 2 , Finn Nagell, og oversendt generalmajor Halvor Hansson i Forsvarets O verkommando 13. 12. 4 5· Han sendte den videre til Undersøkelseskommisjonen av 1945 (UK). -
1 Introduction
Notes 1 Introduction 1. Donald Macintyre, Narvik (London: Evans, 1959), p. 15. 2. See Olav Riste, The Neutral Ally: Norway’s Relations with Belligerent Powers in the First World War (London: Allen and Unwin, 1965). 3. Reflections of the C-in-C Navy on the Outbreak of War, 3 September 1939, The Fuehrer Conferences on Naval Affairs, 1939–45 (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1990), pp. 37–38. 4. Report of the C-in-C Navy to the Fuehrer, 10 October 1939, in ibid. p. 47. 5. Report of the C-in-C Navy to the Fuehrer, 8 December 1939, Minutes of a Conference with Herr Hauglin and Herr Quisling on 11 December 1939 and Report of the C-in-C Navy, 12 December 1939 in ibid. pp. 63–67. 6. MGFA, Nichols Bohemia, n 172/14, H. W. Schmidt to Admiral Bohemia, 31 January 1955 cited by Francois Kersaudy, Norway, 1940 (London: Arrow, 1990), p. 42. 7. See Andrew Lambert, ‘Seapower 1939–40: Churchill and the Strategic Origins of the Battle of the Atlantic, Journal of Strategic Studies, vol. 17, no. 1 (1994), pp. 86–108. 8. For the importance of Swedish iron ore see Thomas Munch-Petersen, The Strategy of Phoney War (Stockholm: Militärhistoriska Förlaget, 1981). 9. Churchill, The Second World War, I, p. 463. 10. See Richard Wiggan, Hunt the Altmark (London: Hale, 1982). 11. TMI, Tome XV, Déposition de l’amiral Raeder, 17 May 1946 cited by Kersaudy, p. 44. 12. Kersaudy, p. 81. 13. Johannes Andenæs, Olav Riste and Magne Skodvin, Norway and the Second World War (Oslo: Aschehoug, 1966), p. -
Grenselos I Grenseland
Grenselos i grenseland Samisk og norsk losvirksomhet i nordre Nordland og Sør-Troms 1940–1945 Marianne Neerland Soleim, Jens-Ivar Nergård og Oddmund Andersen Orkana Akademisk Marianne Neerland Soleim, Jens-Ivar Nergård og Oddmund Andersen © 2019 Grenselos i grenseland Samisk og norsk losvirksomhet i nordre Nordland og Sør-Troms 1940–1945 This book is published as Open Access under the copyright regulations of Creative Commons License CC-BY 4.0. Creative Commons License CC-BY 4.0 gives permission to copy and distribu- te the work in any medium or format, partially or fully, and to freely use the material for any purpo- se. Correct references to the work and authors must be applied, and include reference to the license, together with a specification of whether changes have been made. Reference to the original work can be provided in any reasonable manner, but can not suggest that the authors or the publisher endor- se the third party or the third party’s use of the work. Any reuse of the material in this book may not infringe upon the rights of reuse by other parties. For a full description of the Creative Commons License CC-BY 4.0 consult the following webpage: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode PDF: ISBN 978-82-8104-379-4 EPUB: ISBN 978-82-8104-380-0 HTML: ISBN 978-82-8104-381-7 XML: ISBN 978-82-8104-382-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33673/OOA20195 Sammendrag på lulesamisk er oversatt av Samuel Gælok. Forsideillustrasjon: Grenselos Peder Knutsen med flyktninger på vei til Sverige. -
Master Thesis
Våren 2018 LOKAL ØKONOMI OG ADMINISTRASJON I BERGEN VÅREN OG SOMMEREN 1940, MED SÆRLIG VEKT PÅ PRODUKSJONSRÅDET MASTEROPPGAVE I HIS 350, UNIVERSITET I BERGEN PÅL KRISTIAN HEUM ØKLAND INSTITUTT FOR ARKEOLOGI, HISTORIE KULTUR- OG RELIGIONSVITENSKAP 1 2 Innholdsfortegnelse Forfatterens takk …………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….7 Kapittel 1: Bakgrunnskapittel ………………………………………………………………………….8 1.1. Innledning ………………………………………………………………………………………8 1.2. Historisk bakgrunn ……………………………………………………………………..…10 1.2.1 Økonomiske forhold nasjonalt og lokalt i Bergen ………………………..12 1.3. Problemstillinger, hypoteser og avgrensninger ……………………………. 14 1.4. Metode og teori …………………………………………………………………………...15 1.5. Forskningsetikk ……………………………………………………………………………. 17 1.6. Begrepet kollaborasjon ………………………………………………………………...19 Kapittel 2: Kriseutvalget og folkeretten ………………………………………………………….22 2.1. Kriseutvalget …………………………………………………………………………………22 2.2. Kriseutvalgets forhandlingsprotokoll …………………………………………….25 2.3 Folkeretten …………………………………………………………………………………….26 Kapittel 3: Produksjonsrådet i Bergen ……………………………………………………………30 3.1. Innledning …………………………………………………………………………………….30 3.2. Kommentarer til kildematerialet …………………………………………………..31 3.3. Nytt kildemateriale ……………………………………………………………………….33 3.4. Opprettelsen av rådet …………………………………………………………………..34 3.5. Heller samarbeid enn tysk styre? ………………………………………………….37 3.6. Hva var grunnlaget for opprettelsen av rådet?.................................38 3.7. De samfunnsmessige hensyn ………………………………………………………..39 -
Norwegian PPT. Programs Available for SON Groups
Norwegian PPT. Programs Available For SON Groups Programs that are offered to any SON lodge, for $50, plus travel/gas money. Presented by: Arno Morton Phone: 715-341-7248 (Home) E-Mail: [email protected] 715-570-9002 (Cell) 1. Norwegian Double Agent – WW2 ***** This is the story of one young Norwegian farmer, who in the summer of 1940, shortly after the German occupation, became a Double Agent against the Nazis to help the British SIS and the Norwegian Resistance in his home town of Flekkefjord, Norway. This true story of Gunvald Tomstad explains how this young Pacifist joined the Nazi Party and became an outcast in his own community so that he might be a Double Agent for his beloved Norway! (Approx. 45 Min.) 2. The German Invasion of Norway in WW2 ***** This presentation begins with the Altmark Incident in February 16, 1940, and is followed by the April 9, 1940 invasion of neutral Norway, explaining the proposed reasons for the German invasion, and the subsequent conditions that prevailed. Norwegian atrocities, the Norwegian resistance and Heroes, the hiding of Norway’s gold reserves, and escape of Norway’s King are all covered. Other more controversial topics are also touched on in this stirring and comprehensive tribute to the tenacity of the Norwegian people. (Approx. 1 Hr. 10 min.) 3. Being a Viking ***** This presentation takes you back to the early years of Viking history, explaining the pre-Christianity Viking mindset, the Viking homestead, Viking foods, the Viking Warrior, the Viking raids, the Viking longships, the need for Viking expansion, and Viking explorations. -
WEEKLY Formerly
Online this week at: Miss Norway If we’re always looking to the future, we forget to norway.com shares her live in the present. Vår lengset etter fremtiden gjør at vi glemmer å Norwegian American experience leve i nuet. Foundation - Anonymous - Education > Page 15 TIME DATED MATERIAL — DO NOT DELAY (Periodicals postage paid at Seattle, WA) Norwegian American Formerly WEEKLY Formerly Vol. 120, No. 9 March 6, 2009 7301 Fifth Avenue NE Suite A, Seattle, WA 98115 Tel (800) 305-0217 $1.50 per copy Online News “Max Manus” comes to the United Dateline Oslo States Norway to search Arctic for Amundsen The biographic war seaplane film about Norwegian More than 80 years after its Resistance fighter disappearance during a polar Max Manus makes rescue mission, Norway’s navy is launching a search for the lost plane its American debut in of Roald Amundsen. New York Compiled by Norwegian Education Chr ISTY OLS E N FI E LD Minister wants to “I think it’s great that ‘Max Manus’ legalize file sharing is now being shown in the United States. The IFPI (International Federation I’m very excited,” said Gunnar “Kjakan” of the Phonographic Industry) has Sønsteby. The 91-year-old came with demanded that one of the country’s his wife Anne-Karin to New York for a largest internet service providers private showing of “Max Manus.” block all access to The Pirate Bay Photo: Erik Aavatsmark / Filmkameratene. or face a lawsuit. However, Minister CONTINUES PAGE 13 Gunnar Sønsteby (Knut Joner), Kolbein Lauring (Christian Rubeck) and Max Manus (Aksel of Education, Bård Vegar Solhjell, Hennie). -
Reconstruction on Display: Arkitektenes Høstutstilling 1947–1949 As Site for Disciplinary Formation
Reconstruction on Display: Arkitektenes høstutstilling 1947–1949 as Site for Disciplinary Formation by Ingrid Dobloug Roede Master of Architecture The Oslo School of Architecture and Design, 2016 Submitted to the Department of Architecture in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Architecture Studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology June 2019 © 2019 Ingrid Dobloug Roede. All rights reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created. Signature of Author: Department of Architecture May 23, 2019 Certified by: Mark Jarzombek Professor of the History and Theory of Architecture Thesis Supervisor Accepted by: Nasser Rabbat Aga Khan Professor Chair of Department Committee for Graduate Students Committee Mark Jarzombek, PhD Professor of the History and Theory of Architecture Advisor Timothy Hyde, MArch, PhD Associate Professor of the History of Architecture Reader 2 Reconstruction on Display: Arkitektenes høstutstilling 1947-1949 As Site for Disciplinary Formation by Ingrid Dobloug Roede Submitted to the Department of Architecture on May 23, 2019 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Architecture Studies Abstract With the liberation of Norway in 1945—after a war that left large parts of the country in ruins, had displaced tenfold thousands of people, and put a halt to civilian building projects—Norwegian architects faced an unparalleled demand for their services. As societal stabilization commenced, members of the Norwegian Association of Architects (NAL) were consumed by the following question: what would—and should—be the architect’s role in postwar society? To publicly articulate a satisfying answer, NAL organized a series of architectural exhibitions in the years 1947–1949. -
The Forgotten Army
The Forgotten Army The Norwegian Army-in-exile 1940-1945 Malik Christoffer Olsen Spring 2020 Master's thesis in Peace and Conflict Studies, Department of Archeology, Conservation and History, University of Oslo Word Count: 33590 All of us who, by the game of destiny, would become the main actors during the war years will someday be brought before the court of history. This verdict of history is unlikely to be the same as the one we are inclined to render today. The picture of what has happened in these years is incomplete and will continue to be so, but out of all this obscurity rises today and will always rise the image of men who had their own time’s and will have the future’s esteem and love. — Otto Ruge at the funeral of Carl Gustav Fleischer, 23 October 19451 1 “General Fleischers siste ferd”, Arbeiderbladet, 24 October 1945 (my translation). 1 Summary Having been forced to leave Norway in early June 1940, Norwegian authorities decided to continue the fight against the Germans from the UK. The policy the Government settled on, however, was to contribute to the war effort primarily by making use of the naval and air forces at its disposal. Meanwhile, the Army would be given a low priority, barely having reached a size of 4,000 by the end of the war. This thesis looks at the decisions and factors that influenced the creation, organisation and employment of the Norwegian Army-in-exile. The questions it seeks to answer is why the Army remained numerically small in size, why it was barely used in combat operations and whether this was a continuation of Norwegian defence policy in the interwar years. -
Kommunistenes Motstandskamp
Ivar Nygaard Kommunistenes motstandskamp Et bidrag til å skape bedre likevekt i beretningen om motstandsbevegelsen under krigen – og overraskende mange funn av folk fra Kampen som var del av kommunistenes illegale arbeid. Foredrag i Kampen Historielag, april 2009 Kl. 19.30 : Foredrag ved Ivar Nygaard: Glemte motstandskjempere fra venstresiden Mediadiskusjonen om motstandskampen og Milorg etter Max Manus filmen og J. Chr. Hauges biografi har stilnet. Det som knapt ble nevnt var den aktive innsatsen som de norske kommunistene sto for helt fra det første okkupasjonsåret. Nå vil Ivar Nygaard fortelle om skjebnen til noen av dem som tok aktiv del, bl.a. Osvald-gruppa her på Østlandet. Kalendersiden for mai måned i Kampenkalenderen 2009 om Inga Lie er en liten bit av en slik historie som blir tatt opp. Det vil også bli vist filmstubber med intervjuer med noen av veteranene. Vel møtt i Storsalen, Kampen bydelshus 15. april Ivar Nygaard holder foredrag i Kampen Historielag 15. april 2009. I denne forsamlingen, er det sikkert varierende et sitat fra Svein Blindheim, en høyt dekorert kunnskaper om det emnet som jeg skal snakke om. motstandsmann fra aprildagene i 1940, håndplukket De som vet meget vil sikkert føle at jeg utelater vik- til Kompani Linge, aktiv sabotør bak de tyske linjer tige begivenheter eller at jeg ikke nevner mennesker og toppmann i Milorg, altså en som burde vite hva som hadde fortjent det. Jeg kan ikke engang love å han snakker om: være fullstendig historisk korrekt. Det viktigste for «Vi lærer at det var en kamp av det onde mot det meg har vært å formidle de menneskelige sidene og gode.