Environmental Assessment Report
Updated Initial Environmental Examination for Rehabilitation and Improvements of Karakalpak Water Supply and Distribution System
Document Stage: Final Project Number: 42489-UZB August 2016
Republic of Uzbekistan: Water Supply and Sanitation Services Investment Program
Prepared by PCU Uzbekistan Communal Services Agency (UCSA) of the Republic of Uzbekistan and EPTISA Servicios de Ingenieria S.L. (EPTISA) (Spain) for the Asian Development Bank (ADB)
The initial environmental examination document is that of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
CONTENTS Page 1. INTRODUCTION 1 Purpose of the Report and the Project Background 1 Extent of the IEE Study 2
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 3 Project Brief Description 3 Environmental category of the Project 5 Need for Project 6
3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 7 Physical resources 7 Ecological Resources 8 Socio-Economic Environment 9
4. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND THEIR MITIGATIONS 9 Impacts due to Location 9 Potential Environmental Impacts Related to Design 10 Potential Environmental Impacts during Construction 10 Biological Environment 12 Socio-Economic Environment 12 Potential Environmental Impacts during Operation 12 Environmental Management Plan 13
5. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN 14 Institutional Arrangements 14 Grievance Redress Mechanism 15 Environmental Monitoring Plan 15 Reporting of Environmental Monitoring Results 16 Budget for Environmental Monitoring 16
6. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 16
7. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 17
8. CONCLUSIONS 17
APPENDIXES:
Appendix 1: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Appendix 2: Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Appendix 3: Consultation Meetings Appendix 4: Public consultation meeting in Khodjeyli district
ABBREVIATIONS
ADB – Asian Development Bank EH – Exposed Household EA – Executing Agency EMP – Environmental Management Plan EMU – Environmental Monitoring Unit FGD – Focus Group Discussions GOU – Government of Uzbekistan HH – Household IEA – Initial Environmental Assessment IEE – Initial Environmental Examination IRTM – Interregional Trunk Main LAR – land acquisition and resettlement NWSDP – National Water Supply Development Program O&M – operation and maintenance PIA – Project Implementation Assistance PIU – Project Implementation Unit PPMU – Program Preparation and Management Unit PCU – Project Coordination Unit PPTA – Project Preparatory Technical Assistance PVC – Polyvinylchloride REA – Rapid Environmental Assessment (ADB checklist) SES – Sanitary and Epidemiological Services SCNP – State Committee for Nature Protection TA – Technical Assistance UCSA – Uzbekistan Communal Services Agency WDC – Water Distribution Unit
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES LPCPD – liters per capita per day
NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars.
In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
Map 1: Uzbekistan showing subproject location
KARALPAKSTAN REPUBLIC
Map 2. Karakalpakstan Republic
Rehabilitation and Improvement of Karakalpak Water Supply and Distribution System Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)
1. INTRODUCTION
Purpose of the Report and the Project Background
1. This report presents the findings of an initial environmental examination (IEE) of the “Improvement of Karakalpak Republic Water Supply Facilities” (Karakalpak sub- project). This sub-project is funded by the MFF-0036 Water Supply and Sanitation Service Investment Program under the Tranche 3. The Tranche 3 of this MFF has 4 sub-project components. The IEE was conducted during the subproject preparation period from August 1 to September 20 2011 by the Consultant.
2. The MFF Investment Program has the following objective: to improve access to safe, reliable and sustainable water supply and sanitation (WSS) to about 3 million residents with priority needs identified in terms of the industry development. The Investment Program implements by the Uzbekistan Communal Services Agency (UCSA) in coordination with local governments, trans-regional water lines and town level vodokanals (water supply companies). The investment program focuses on the physical and institutional improvements to water supply and sanitation sub-sectors.
3. This subproject includes the rehabilitation and reconstruction of water supply facilities in Amudarya, Beruni, Kegeyli, Khodjeyli and Shumunay districts of the Karakalpak Republic to effectuate the benefits generated from works under the ADB Loan 1903- Western Uzbekistan Rural Water Supply. It is expected that this sub- project will be able to provide water supply services for the population total of 47.9 thousand people, who currently do not have an access with clean water pipeline.
4. This sub-project developed in accordance with the Annual Government’s investment programs approved by the Presidential Decree dated December 21, 2010 № PP-1446 "On the acceleration of infrastructure development, transport and communication construction in 2011 - 2015" and the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers dated November 26, 2010 № 267 on inclusion of Shumanay sub-project. The Investment Program 2012 – 2016 includes all the sub-projects in Tranche 3.
5. The present IEE is needed to be updated due to the changes in project, in particular changes of project detailed design in Khodjeyli district. The project provided total length of water networks in Khodjeyli district is 43,7 km, where 11,5 km have been constructed in 2015 at the own expenses of Uzbek Government. The local municipality of the Republic of Karakalpakstan insisted on construction of additional networks in other streets of the same villages (Gonetaslijap, Kumbulaul, Tozabaz, Shodlik, Kolab and Sabikaul) instead of already constructed networks which are constructed for other financing sources. Thereby, the ADB project remains the project provided parameters. At present, the detailed design document for construction of new 11.5 km of water networks has been developed. New water networks will provide drinking water to 300 houses, in particular 1800 people in 6 rural villages in Khojeyli district.
6. At this stage, paras. 26-27, 78-79, 95-96 of IEE are updated and Appendix 4 is added, which includes the information on new public consultations meeting in Khodjeyli district.
2 Rehabilitation and Improvement of Karakalpak Water Supply and Distribution System Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)
Extent of the IEE Study
7. The IEE was carried out and updated in accordance with the ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009, especially for environmental safeguard, and relevant Government’s laws and regulations on environmental issues.
8. Since Independence, many laws and regulations on environmental issues have been developed in Uzbekistan. The Law on Nature Protection (January 1993) established a legal, economic and organizational framework for environment protection, ensuring sustainable development and defining principles, including the conduct of environmental studies.
9. The State Committee for Nature Protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Goskompriroda) is a specially commissioned super departmental co-coordinating body which exercises state control and inter-sectoral management in the fields of nature protection, the use and reproduction of natural resources, it is subordinate and accountable to the Oliy Majlis (Parliament) of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
10. In addition to the Law on Nature Protection, Goskompriroda uses the following additional legal instruments to manage environmental issues related to water supply and sanitation:
• On water and water use (June 12, 1993). Regulation of water relations, rational use of water for the population and economy, water protection from pollution and depletion, prevention and eradication of harmful effects of water, improvement of water bodies and protecting the rights of enterprises, institutions, organizations, farmers and farmer households and citizens in the area of water relations.
• On Air Protection (January 3, 1997). Preservation of the natural composition of the atmosphere. Prevention and reduction of harmful chemical, physical, biological and other impacts on air. Legal regulation of activity of state bodies, enterprises, institutions, organizations, associations and individuals in the field of air.
• On Protection and Use of Flora (January 9, 1998). Conservation in the wild species composition, its gene pool. Preserving the integrity of natural plant communities and habitat protection of wild plants. Ensuring the rational use and reproduction of plants. Legal regulation of businesses and individuals in the protection and use of flora.
• On Protection and Use of Fauna (January 13, 1998). Regulates relations in the sphere of use of wild animals in the wild on land, sea, air and soil, permanently or temporarily inhabiting the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as contained in the semi-free conditions or artificial habitats for scientific or conservation purposes. The objective of the legislation on the protection and use of wildlife is to regulate relations in the protection, use, restoration and reproduction of animals in order to ensure the conditions of its existence, the conservation of species diversity, the integrity of natural societies and environment.
• On Protected Natural Areas (January 6, 2005).
Rehabilitation and Improvement of Karakalpak Water Supply and Distribution System 3 Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)
The purpose of this Law is to regulate relations in the field of security and management of protected natural areas. The main objectives of this Law are to preserve typical, unique and valuable natural sites and complexes, the genetic pool of plants and animals, to prevent the negative impact of human activity on nature, the study of natural processes, conducting environmental monitoring, environmental education and upbringing.
• On Environmental Assessment (July 1, 2000). The Environmental Assessment refers to the establishment of conformity of the planned or existing business and other activities with environmental requirements and determine the admissibility of the implementation object of ecological expertise. The objectives of environmental impact assessment: (i) verification of compliance with environmental requirements projected economic and other activities to pre-decision-making on implementation; (ii) check the level of environmental hazards of proposed or existing business and other activities that may have a negative impact on the environment and health of citizens; (iii) check the adequacy and reasonableness, the measures provided for environmental protection and sustainable use of natural resources.
11. The IEE involved the following activities:
• gathering of baseline information available on the physical, chemical, biological, and socio-economic environment of the subproject area and subcomponent sites and understanding the technical, social, and institutional aspects of the subprojects; • conducting consultations with affected people; • screening of potential issues related to location, design, construction, and operation to identify whether any potential impacts warranting further study; • indicating potential environmental impacts, recommending mitigation measures and how to implement and monitor the mitigation measures; • preparing an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) including monitoring plan with clear guidance on who will be responsible to implement them • proposing the institutional set-up for implementation of the EMP.
12. This IEE report is based on findings from the field works, from reviewing technical descriptions of the engineering designs in the Draft Appraisal Reports, and outcomes of discussions with officers of the relevant agencies and the people.
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
Project Brief Description
13. The Karakalpak project component located in the northwestern part of Uzbekistan. The proposed project will provide drinking water to rural communities of Amudarya, Beruni, Kegeyli, Khodjeyli and Shumunay districts of the Karakalpak Republic. The subproject will rehabilitate and extend the existing water supply network and it has five components
a. Amudarya District
14. For supplying clean water to Chordara, Korajon, Yarimchi, Annauraz, Bojmankala, Alangovul and Buzyap villages this sub-project will involve rehabilitation of Main Distribution Center RU-1, construction of WDC “Yarimchi”, water mains to 7
4 Rehabilitation and Improvement of Karakalpak Water Supply and Distribution System Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) villages and distribution network with d=50-150 mm and total length of 19.6 km. Construction of WDC in Yarimchi village includes installation of pumping station facilities as well as the chlorination facilities. The capacity of the pumping will be around 2400 m3/day, and consumption of Chlorine 0.06 kg/hour. Two clean water reservoirs with capacity 100 m3 each will also be built. For electric supply, two transformers will be installed. The WDC sites will be fenced with cement concrete wall, and secure gate.
b. Beruni District
15. The sub-project component for Beruni district will involve construction of WDC- 1, 5.9 km length main trunk d=150-200 mm to bring water from WDC-1 to 5 villages namely Kurbog, Bulish, Hirlikkala, Jumaniyazov and Dustlik and 22 km of d=50-100 mm street distribution network in this villages. Construction of WDC-1 includes installation of pumping station facilities as well as the chlorination facilities. The capacity of the pumping will be around 2430 m3/day, and consumption of Chlorine 0.06 kg/hour. Two clean water reservoirs with capacity 100 m3 each will also be built. For electric supply, two transformers will be installed. The WDC sites will be fenced with cement concrete wall, and secure gate.
c. Kegeyli District
16. This sub-project will have 2 components:
(i) Construction of WDC-1, 4.5 km of water mains with d=100 mm and 2.7 km of distribution network d=50 mm to supply the population living in Yabe, Ayteke, Kayashili and Jetitole villages. Construction of WDC-1 includes installation of pumping station facilities as well as the chlorination facilities. The capacity of the pumping will be around 290 m3/day, and consumption of Chlorine 0.008 kg/hour. Two clean water reservoirs with capacity 50 m3 each will also be built. For electric supply, two transformers will be installed. The WDC sites will be fenced with cement concrete wall, and secure gate.
(ii) Construction of WDC-2, 5.4 km of water mains with d=75-100 mm and 2.1 km of distribution network d=50 mm to supply the population living in Tamgali and Uchtam villages. Construction of WDC-2 includes installation of pumping station facilities as well as the chlorination facilities. The capacity of the pumping will be around 128 m3/day, and consumption of Chlorine 0.003 kg/hour. Two clean water reservoirs with capacity 50 m3 each will also be built. For electric supply, two transformers will be installed. The WDC sites will be fenced with cement concrete wall, and secure gate.
d. Khodjeyli District
17. For supplying clean water to Gonstaspijap, Kumbuzaul, Tozabaz, Shodlik, Karakol, Kolab, Shirin, Sabikaul and Shokhankol villages this sub-project will involve construction of WDC-1, 14.2 km d=100-200 mm water mains and 31 km of distribution network with d=50-100 mm. Construction of WDC-1 includes installation of pumping station facilities as well as the chlorination facilities. The capacity of the pumping will be around 1865 m3/day, and consumption of Chlorine 0.05 kg/hour. Two clean water reservoirs with capacity 300 m3 each will also be built. For electric supply, two transformers will be installed. The WDC sites will be fenced with cement concrete wall, and secure gate.
e. Shumanay District
Rehabilitation and Improvement of Karakalpak Water Supply and Distribution System 5 Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)
18. Shumanay sub-project has the following components:
(i) Rehabilitation of Kanlykul pumping station with chlorination facility, rehabilitation of 18.2 km d=300mm of Dekhkanabad-Kanlykul Trunkmain, replacement of 23.3 km of water mains in Shumanay town, construction of 10.8 km water distribution network in Shumanay town; (ii) Construction of WDC “Birleshik”, water mains and distribution network with d=100-150 mm and total length of 27 km to serve the population living in Bagavul, Birleshik, Mamiy Dalasi, Baskoldak, Galleoskan, Abatjap, Dedek, Sarikul and Kokajan villages. Construction of WDC “Birleshik” includes installation of pumping station facilities as well as the chlorination facilities. The capacity of the pumping will be around 767 m3/day, and consumption of Chlorine 0.02 kg/hour. Two clean water reservoirs with capacity 150 m3 each will also be built. For electric supply, two transformers will be installed. The WDC areas will be fenced with cement concrete wall, and secure gate. (iii) Construction of WDC “Begjap”, water mains and distribution network with d=100mm and total length of 6 km to serve the population living in Berdibayaul village and Shumanay station. Construction of WDC “Begjap” includes installation of pumping station facilities as well as the chlorination facilities. The capacity of the pumping will be around 516 m3/day, and consumption of Chlorine 0.014 kg/hour. Two clean water reservoirs with capacity 100 m3 each will also be built. For electric supply, two transformers will be installed. The WDC areas will be fenced with cement concrete wall, and secure gate. (iv) Construction of WDC “Mamyi”, water mains and distribution network with d=100mm and total length of 5 km to serve the population living in Mamyi village. Construction of WDC “Mamyi” includes installation of pumping station facilities as well as the chlorination facilities. The capacity of the pumping will be around 202 m3/day, and consumption of Chlorine 0.005 kg/hour. Two clean water reservoirs with capacity 100 m3 each will also be built. For electric supply, two transformers will be installed. The WDC areas will be fenced with cement concrete wall, and secure gate
Environmental category of the Project
19. Based on the Environmental Assessment Framework prepared under the T-1, the consultant filled up the Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) checklist, and concluded that the Tranche 3 could be categorized as B project in accordance to ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009.
20. Based on the Uzbekistan Environmental law and regulation, the proposed Karakalpak subproject is a Category III project. The category III projects require the preparation of an Initial Environmental Assessment (IEA), which is similar to ADB’s IEE. The Provincial Directorate for State Ecological Expertise (Gosekoexpertisa) under the provincial level of State Nature Protection Committee (Oblkompriroda) approves Category III projects. However, in addition to the IEA report, an Environmental Consequences Assessment should be approved by Oblkompriroda before the project commences operation. The IEA of the Karakalpak sub-project was presented for environmental review and the endorsement of the Regional Committee for Nature Protection № 3-185/01 dated September 9, 2011 was received.
6 Rehabilitation and Improvement of Karakalpak Water Supply and Distribution System Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)
Need for Project
a. Amudarya District
21. Water supply of 7 villages with total population 3 000 is consuming water from local boreholes and transported water. It is proposed to build centralized water supply system taking water from the trans-regional water line Tuyamuyun-Urgench-Mangit. The Tranche 3 of this MFF will provide them with access to the clean water. To secure the water supply of these villages it is required to rehabilitate the pumping station and chlorination facility at Main Distribution Center RU-1, construction of WDC “Yarimchi”, water mains and distribution network.
b. Beruni District
22. Villages Kurbog, Bulish, Hirlikkala, Jumaniyazov and Dustlik do not have centralized water supply. The population living in these villages totaling 12.5 thousand people have no access with clean pipe drinking water.
23. In Beruniy, the centralized drinking water supply is provided from the trans- regional water line Tuyamuyun-Nukus. Under the ADB Loan 1903-UZB it was planned to construct required facilities to grant safe drinking water to these 5 villages but due to cancellation of confinancing part by Iran Export Development Bank this sub-project was not completed. Under this sub-project it is proposed to construct WDC and water pipe network connecting and distributing water in this area.
c. Kegeyli District
24. Yabe, Ayteke, Kayashili, Jetitole, Tamgali and Uchtam villages do not have centralized water supply. The population living in these villages has no clean water piping. To provide 5 villages with drinking water from Tuyamuyun-Nukus Trunkmain the project envisages construction of 2 WDCs and pipeline network, 1.8 thousand people of these three villages will be provided with safe drinking water.
d. Khodjeyli District
25. Gonetaslijap, Kumbuzaul, Tozabaz, Shodlik, Karakol, Kolab, Shirin, Sabikaul and Shokhankol villages do not have centralized water supply. The population living in these villages has no clean water piping. To provide 9 villages with drinking water from Tuyamuyun-Nukus Trunkmain the project envisages construction of WDC and pipeline network, 9 thousand people of these nine villages will be provided with safe drinking water.
26. The total length of water networks in Khodjeyli is 43,7 km, where 11,5 km (covered by Tranche 3) have been constructed in 2015 at the own expenses of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Due to the issue of drinking water supply in the Aral Sea region to the population and its social importance, in order to keep the length of water networks provided by ADB project, the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Karakalpakstan insisted on replacing the already constructed networks to the new networks on other streets in the same villages that were provided by ADB project. Thereby, the ADB project remains parameters of the feasibility study, approved by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
27. At present, the detailed design document for construction of new 11.5 km of water networks have been developed. New water networks will provide drinking water
Rehabilitation and Improvement of Karakalpak Water Supply and Distribution System 7 Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) to 300 houses, in particular 1800 people in 6 rural villages in Khojeyli district. There are no sensitive receptors and environmental values along the new alignments.
e. Shumany District
28. Shumanay town is a district center with population 12.8 thousand from which 8 thousand is currently have an access to centralized water supply system. At the present the water supply of Shumanay District is carried out from Tuyamuyun-Nukus- Takhiatash-Urgench Trunkmain. This sub-project is envisages to rehabilitate and construct water mains in the town totaling to 32 km.
29. Bagavul, Birleshik, Mamiy Dalasi, Baskoldak, Galleoskan, Abatjap, Dedek, Sarikul, Kokajan, Berdibayaul and Mamyi villages and Shumana station do not have centralized water supply. The population living in these villages has no clean water piping. To provide 12 settlements with drinking water from Tuyamuyun-Nukus Trunkmain the project envisages construction of 3 WDCs and pipeline network, 9 thousand people of these nine villages will be provided with safe drinking water.
3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
30. The Karakalpak Republic is a most western region of Uzbekistan. The region borders with Kazakhstan on north-east and west, with Turkmenistan on south and south-east and with Khorezm and Navoi provinces on east and south-east.
Physical resources
Climate
31. Karakalpakstan climate is classified as continental, with hot summers and cool winters. Summer temperatures often surpass 40°C (104°F); winter temperatures average about −2 °C (28°F), but may fall as low as −40°C (−40 F). The coldest month is January - with minimum temperature of -20-27°C. The hottest month - July with maximum temperature of 42°C. The Project areas are quite arid, with average annual rainfall is not exceeding 100 millimeters, and occurring mostly in winter and spring. Between July and September, little precipitation falls, essentially stopping the growth of vegetation during that period. The wind direction is mostly north-east and north. The seismic zoning of the project area refers to the 7point zone.
Topography and Soils
32. The geomorphological structure the soils are loess-like loams interbedded with lenses of sand and gravel ranging from 2 to 40 m.
Water Resources
33. The project areas are located in the hydrographic network of by Amu Darya River. Some of the districts located along Amudarya River and some at distance range from 30 to 50 km. The project areas connected to this Rivers through irrigation channels major of which are Kyzteken, Palvan, Raushan,
34. The project areas also affected by Tuyamuyun Hydro-technical facilities which includes Sultansanzhar, Koshbulak and Kaparas reservoirs for regulating water in the
8 Rehabilitation and Improvement of Karakalpak Water Supply and Distribution System Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) waterwork facility. These total reservoir storage capacity 7.36 billion cubic meter and available water is 5.2 billion m3.
35. Ground water is very shallow range from 0.7 to 2.5 meters, in some areas up to 5 m. Groundwater recharge occurs at the expense of the underground flow from Amu Darya and channels, as well as due to infiltration of irrigation water and rainfall. 36. Groundwater mineral content varies significantly from 1.5 to 50 g / l with high salt and corrosive in relation to concrete. Underground water can be used for drinking water only when using desalination plants.1
37. Water supply of Amudarya district will from Interregional Trunkmain Tuyamuyun-Urgench-Mangit, and remaining 4 districts will be from Tuyamuyun-Nukus Trunkmain. The water feeding from these trunkmains is already meet Uzbek standards for water quality. Table below presents the indicators of water tests collected from WDCs from each area:
Uzbek SN Indicator Unit Amudarya Beruniy Kegeyli Khodjeyli Shumanay Standard 950 : 2000 1Flavor point 2 1,5 0 0 0 0,0 2Odor point 2 1 0 0 0 0,0 3Turbidity mg/l 1,5 - 2,0 1,0 1,5 0,9 1,6 1,4 4Colority grade 20 / 25 0 0 0 0 30 5pH рН 6 - 9 7,6 7,2 7,2 7,1 7,2 6TDS mg/l 1000 820 600 609 575 600 7Iron (Fe) mg/l 0,3 0,15 0,07 0,07 0,08 0,08 8 Hardness mg-equivalent /l 7 - 10 7,5 5 5,2 4,9 5,1 9 Marganese (Mn) mg/l 0,1 n/a 0,09 0,07 0,09 0,09 10Copper (Cu) mg/l 1 n/a 0,08 0,09 0,09 0,08
11 Sulphate (SO4) mg/l 400 350 207 218 208 215 12Chloride (Cl) mg/l 250 230 115 126 117 124 13Zink (Zn) mg/l 3 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
14 Nitrite (NO2) mg/l 3 n/a 0 0 0 0 15Nitrate (NO3) mg/l 45 3,0 0 0 0 0
Ecological Resources
38. Natural vegetation is preserved in the floodplain of Amu Darya and sands. In floodplain riparian forests on alluvial soils with shallow groundwater are common poplar - turanga, olive, tamarisk, halimodendron, krugloplodnik, cane, kermek, etc. On sandy tracts are distributed associations of crowfoot, narrow-leaved and leafless shrubs, including kanda, sand acacia, garnal, bindweed, parnolistnik, wormwood, euphorbia, adzhryk, kolyuchelistnik, yantak, epilazna, Astragalus, Salsola, etc.
39. The fauna of this region is typical for arid lands and represented by rodents, reptiles, insects, arachnids and many species of birds that live in the floodplains of rivers and lakes. From the animal world there are hares, jackals, foxes, gazelles, in reeds - susliks, ducks, hawks, larks, sparrows, starlings, golden oriole, from reptiles - geckos, turtles, zheltopuziki, lizards, from rodents - moles, jerboa, field mice, hedgehogs and rats. In close proximity to the proposed construction sites there is not any sensitive or vulnerable wildlife. Consequently, the construction of the proposed water supply system will not have any serious impact on the flora and fauna of project
1 http://www.uzinfoinvest.uz/rus/investiionnie_vozmojnosti/regioni/
Rehabilitation and Improvement of Karakalpak Water Supply and Distribution System 9 Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) regions of the Karakalpakstan, since the construction works will take place on already inhabited areas and along existing roads.
Socio-Economic Environment
40. The Republic of Karakalpstan is an autonomous republic. The total area of Karakalpak Republic is 166.6 thousand km2 (37.1% of Uzbekistan territory) with total population of 1 604.8 thousand people. Most settlements are concentrated in the irrigated area. Amudarya District has total area – 1,021 km2, with population - 119 thousand people; Beruni District has total area – 3,952 km2, with population - 67 thousand people; Kegeyli District has total area – 2,207 km2, with population - 151 thousand people; Khodjeyli District has total area – 706 km2, with population - 95 thousand people; and Shumunayy District has total area – 783 km2, with population - 108 thousand people.
41. The percentage of the population engaged are as following - agriculture (33%), industrial production (8.8%), construction (9.1%), trade (8.4%), healthcare (7.6%), education and culture (17%).
42. The major agricultural sectors in Karakalpakstan are production of cereals, i.e. wheat and rice, cotton, silk and cattle breading. Rice production is mainly concentrated in south-eastern districts while cattle breading in north-western part of Karakalpakstan.
43. In the region there are 25 major industrial enterprises, among which worth mentioning Open JSC “Zarubejnefetgaz Central Asia”, Kungrad Soda Plant, JV “Igilik Gaz”, Tahiatash Thermal Power Plant, JSC “Chimbay May” Open JSC “KarakalpakBoyan”, JV “Lanextract”, “Beruniy Eggar LLC”, “Nukus Vine Factory LLC”, JV “Univer”, “Nukus Balyk LLC”, “Karakalpak Vermi LLC”. The main growth is in oil and gas sector due to recent investigations of Ustyurt gas fields. Among other industries the major share is at building materials, textiles, agro-processing.
44. The ethnic composition of Karakalpakstan is represented by the Karakalpaks (73.4%), Kazakhs (15.5%), Uzbeks (10.1%) and other nationalities (1.0%).
4. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND THEIR MITIGATIONS
45. The potential environmental impacts summarized below were identified by following the project cycle activities.
Impacts due to Location
46. The site selection for this project sub-component was driven by the existing facilities and therefore, it is in accordance with local government land use planning. Water Distribution Centers are located within existing dedicated area. Routes identified for the transmission pipes and distribution network mainly follow routes of existing roads.
47. All subproject components are located well clear of any forests or other environmentally sensitive areas; consequently, potential impacts on environmentally sensitive areas as well as cultural, historical, and religious sites have been avoided. Similarly, there will be no impact on cultural use of lands by minorities, and will not cause any impairment of aesthetics.
10 Rehabilitation and Improvement of Karakalpak Water Supply and Distribution System Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)
48. The subproject facilities will be designed and constructed to have no impact on the natural drainage pattern. The structures in flood prone areas will be protected from floods by constructing at a higher elevation and providing adequate drainage around the structure.
49. Access roads and power supply is already available near the project construction sites and no significant impacts related to basic infrastructure is foreseen.
50. Temporary loss of land will be only on the sites of laying new pipeline networks and is marginal, since constructions will mainly take place within Government lands.
Potential Environmental Impacts Related to Design
51. The design of this component is based on the existing facilities, which is considered the most cost-efficient option of meeting the objectives of the Project. The preliminary design of each sub-component had taken into account the environmental and social concerns. The construction of the main trunk and distribution network has been designed to be placed along existing roads to avoid and minimize land acquisition.
52. The use of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyvinylchloride (PVC) recommended for potable water and complying with international standards. Non- metallic pipes are characterized by long lasting durability and resistance to corrosion. Asbestos cement pipes will not be used for any purpose.
53. The proposed new chlorination facilities will use calcium hypochlorite solution rather than gas, thereby eliminating the potential of serious hazards created by the failure of the gaseous chlorine system.
54. The risk of fire will be minimized by proper selection of fire-resistant or - retardant materials and an adequately designed power supply system that includes grounding of all sub-systems, appropriate insulation, and circuit breakers.
55. All structures in contact with the ground will be designed incorporating anti- corrosion measures for mitigation of negative impact on ground water and all structures will be designed to withstand seismic activity up to 7 on the Richter scale.
Potential Environmental Impacts during Construction
56. The activities during the construction stage that potentially generate environmental impacts are site clearing and preparation, mobilization of equipment and construction materials, laying the pipeline, civil works to build WDC, and rehabilitation after completing civil works. The potential environmental impacts at this stage are described below.
57. Site clearing for construction of new facilities will generate insignificant solid wastes. The WDC is going to be built in the ready location. While, pipe networks for both main trunk and distribution line would be laying along the road side. However, site clearing for rehabilitation works will generate corrosive steel pipe. The corrosive steel pipe will be collected by the contractor to be sent to the local recycle plant. The contractors will consult the engineer, and local communities to find temporary storage areas before sending the corrosive steel pipe to the local recycle plan. The location for temporary storage will need to be approved by the PIU, and the storage time should not be longer than 3 days. The contractors will also consult the engineer and local community to find an acceptable method to manage soil from digging activities.
Rehabilitation and Improvement of Karakalpak Water Supply and Distribution System 11 Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)
58. Site clearing, mobilization equipment and construction materials will cause increase traffic of heavy trucks employed by the contractors and its supplier. To avoid and minimize a traffic accident, and disturbance to local communities living in the project areas, the contractors in close coordination with the engineer will consult local authorities to find acceptable routes for traffic diversification for transporting equipment and construction materials, and acceptable parking areas. The route should as much as possible should avoid schools, clinics, bazaars, and other communities basic social infrastructures, and the parking areas should at least have 100 meter distance from those basic infrastructures. If necessary, The contractor and the PIU will inform the public via media announcement about temporary road closings and traffic diversions. Temporary traffic lights at road crossings where sensible and temporary traffic diversions will be installed and implemented by the contractors, under the supervision of the PIU. Traffic police control will be intensified in makhallas during the rehabilitation/construction period and adequate warning. 59. Increase traffic will also generate dust and other pollutant that will accumulate with other construction activities in the project sites. Contractor will require to minimize this impacts. Aside from dust, the noise impacts during construction will also occurred from both traffic and the use of construction equipment, such as excavators, cranes, compressors, and other machineries during the construction works. To minimize the effect of noise and to minimize a disturbance, the construction work will be limited from 7AM to 7PM during summer, and from 9AM to 7PM during the winter season. If the project located near the school, and clinic, the contractor in close coordination with the engineer should consult local communities (makhalla) to seek an advice.
60. The contractor with supervision from the engineer (PIU) will need to strictly implement the health and safety for working standard. It is also recommended that adequate and clear sign to inform public about the project areas, and its unsafe areas that forbidden for public will put in the obvious place. The Government provisions on the protection of environment, health and safety must be implemented at all stages of construction within the sub-project. The workers involved should be aware of the standard requirements for environmental protection and IEE recommendations. 61. During the pipe laying activities, if the contractor find any physical artifacts, the contractor needs to record and report findings to the PIU, which then will coordinate with the local authorities.
62. Based on this analysis, it shows that the environmental impacts during the construction stage is temporary and reversible. The proposed mitigation measures are manageable.
63. Aside from corrosive unused steel pipeline, at the sub-project sites, various types of solid waste, including wood, waste concrete, steel waste, discarded old equipment, oil filters, plastic and cartons from equipment packaging will be produced. The contractor will be required to provide refuse collection containers and used oil collection containers, for further removal to bring these wastes to the Hokimiyat’s disposal and recycling facility sites.
64. For oil related wastes particularly from maintenance of machinery will be done exclusively within the premises of gasoline stations that equipped with storage of used oils and other liquid contaminants. No on-site maintenance of equipment will be permitted, unless a designated workshop area equipped for collection and storage of used oils and other liquid contaminants is established on site.
65. After completion of rehabilitation and construction works, contractor will be required to clean and landscape the project areas.
12 Rehabilitation and Improvement of Karakalpak Water Supply and Distribution System Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)
Biological Environment
66. Run-off, if any, from construction sites into nearby water bodies will be controlled in accordance with the EMP so as to eliminate any detrimental effect downstream to aquatic flora and fauna. Impact on local flora and fauna will be minimal. The removal of vegetation growing in along the pipeline network will be avoided and minimized. However, if such effort is not possible, compensation as guided by the LARF of this MFF will be adopted..
Socio-Economic Environment
67. Only temporary insignificant impact to land use is expected, since sites are typically located on lands not used for any other purpose or in built-up areas. However, the contractor will produce a plan showing the impacts of pipe-laying affecting some utilities and/or trees established within the road allowances. This plan need to be submitted and approved to the PIU. PIU has ensure that there will be no force acquisition of these public and private assets before paying all required compensation described in the entitlement matrix of the LARF.
68. Provisions on the protection of environment, health and safety must be fully respected at all stages of construction within the sub-project. Moreover, the workers involved (especially but not only inspectors of work on the site) should be aware of, trained / consulted about the standard requirements for environmental protection and IEE recommendations. Under the contract, contractors will need to include environmental monitoring in the project management.
69. The unskilled construction worker is expected to be hired from local communities; therefore, no labour camp needs to be built in the project areas. However, if workers are to remain at the work sites after the working hours, it will be necessary to construct adequate temporary sanitary facilities including provision for the disposal of wastewater to sites approved by the Hokimiyat. The contractors will require to recruit construction workers from the local communities, unless the required skills is not available. This requirement is also to minimize socio-economy impacts.
Potential Environmental Impacts during Operation
70. Operation of water supply systems of Amudarya, Beruni, Kegeyli, Khodjeyliy and Shumunay districts of the Karakalpak Republic will not lead to significant negative impacts on the environment. Pumping equipment is at a great distance from places of human habitation, hence, noise and vibration will not have a negative impact on them.
71. The operation of the proposed subcomponents is expected to result in significant benefits. However, monitoring the water supply quality needs to be routinely done to ensure compliance with the Government standard for drinking water.
72. The following socio-economic benefits resulting from improved access to potable water will far outweigh any minimal adverse environmental impacts:
• access to adequate amount of good quality water at a reasonable cost (for drinking and sanitation), as the “Vodokanal” will be able to supply water in compliance with Uzbekistan water quality standards.
Rehabilitation and Improvement of Karakalpak Water Supply and Distribution System 13 Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)
• better health due to improved hygiene resulting in marked improvement in community health indicators (e.g., reduced frequency of diarrhea and other water-borne diseases); • reduced lost work days for adults (e.g., increased income), and lost school days for children (improved educational benefits) due to reduced incidences of diseases; and
Environmental Management Plan
73. Table 1 of the EMP in Appendix 2 summarizes anticipated environmental impacts, mitigation measures, required environmental monitoring, activities to ensure implementation of mitigation measures, and identifies the entities responsible for carrying out those activities. The estimated costs for implementation of this EMP that are not already included in the subproject construction contract are also indicated.
74. It is important to reiterate that in addition to the recommended mitigation measures, regulations on environmental protection, safety, hygiene shall be fully complied with in all phases of the construction. Workers (especially, but not limited to, the on-site Work Supervisors) should be made aware of, and trained/guided in standard environmental protection requirements and the EMP requirements.
75. The bidding document should include the IEE report and its EMP, and the contract documents should include the responsible of contractor, engineer (supervision consultant) to ensure that:
• EMP will be implemented, and monitored • transportation companies involved in construction use only properly registered, safe vehicles; that all drivers must have current driving licenses; and that trucks are not overloaded; • essential personal protective equipment is supplied to, and used by, all relevant staff; • workers are properly trained and obey all relevant regulations on work safety and risk prevention; • no transportation or heavy equipment movement, or mechanical digging is used at night in residential areas; and • no concrete mixers will be used anywhere near architecturally significant and religious sites or near schools during school times.
76. The Contractors must adhere to the relevant Regulations regarding GOU environmental law and regulations, in particular the requirement stated in the Environmental Clearance issued by the State Nature Protection Committee that briefly as follow:
• Transportation must strictly follow approved routes; • Solid wastes and used oil products must be properly managed; • Construction envisaged near schools, hospitals and other public places must be agreed with them and local community representatives;
14 Rehabilitation and Improvement of Karakalpak Water Supply and Distribution System Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)
5. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN
Institutional Arrangements
77. The Uzbekistan Communal Services Agency (UCSA) is an Executing Agency (EA) of the sub-project. A Central Program Preparation and Management Unit (PPMU) has been established at the UCSA to manage and monitor all implementation activities of all sub-project of 1, 2, 3 and 4 funding tranches.
78. Noticeable changes in institutional set up took place after optimization process which was implemented within Decree of Cabinet of Ministers of Republic of Uzbekistan # 334 dated November 23, 2015 on “Arrangements on improvement of investment projects implementation mechanism with participation of International Financial Institutions”.
79. Main changes were made in PIUs organization. Currently, no PIUs function in provinces, only PPMU regional Coordinators work in each province where the WSSSIP is being implementing. PPMU itself was renamed as “Project Coordination Unit” (PCU).
80. The environmental consultant in the PPMU will have responsibilities to implement overall EMP on-behalf of the PPMU and the EA. Specifically, her/his responsibilities are: (i) ensure that the detailed designed will incorporate all environmental concerns, (ii) is to ensure that all biding document will include environmental requirement as stated in the IEE and its EMP, the contract document will include the responsibility of contractors in implementing the EMP and the Government requirement stated in the environmental clearance throughout the whole project cycle, (iii) coordinate the environmental consultant at the PIU level to undertake monitoring, and submit the field monitoring report to PPMU on time, (iv) ensure that the reporting of implementation of EMP and Monitoring plan done and submit timely to ADB and other relevant Government Agencies, and coordinate with the regional nature protection committee to involve them in monitoring the implementation of the EMP at least one per year, (v) act as the focal point to resolve any environmental complaint related with the project, and coordinate with the PIU staff to handle unforeseen environmental impacts.
81. Each PIU will have environmental consultant during the construction period to assist: (i) the supervision consultant, and contractor in implementing EMP, (ii) reporting the result from monitoring the implementation of EMP during the construction period, and to resolve any unforeseen environmental problems raised during the construction, and (iii) advocate and receive any complaint from affected people. 82. The EA would establish the Environmental Monitoring Unit (EMU) after start of construction activities. The EMU will be headed by a qualified staff among those assigned full time (including project Consultants) to the PPMU. At least one technical support staff and if possible one administrative staff will be assigned to the EMU. Relevant agencies (such as the State Committee for Nature Protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Goskompriroda), State Committee for Geology and Mineral resources of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Goskomgeologiya), Center of Hydrometeorological Service under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzgidromet), Sanitary and Epidemiological Service (SES) of the Ministry of Health, and if possible and acceptable, NGOs will assign their representative to support EMU.
83. Project Management Consultant (PMC) provided during implementation should include Environmental Specialists (expatriate and local) who will impart expert advice
Rehabilitation and Improvement of Karakalpak Water Supply and Distribution System 15 Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) and guidance and conduct capacity building on environmental management and monitoring, particularly to the members of the EMU and Construction Supervisors.
84. The Environmental consultants at the PIU office will mainly responsible to guide and monitor the implementation of EMP and monitoring plan during the pre- construction and construction periods. Environmental monitoring during operation of water supply schemes will be largely the responsibility of the O&M staff attached to the local municipality (under oblast vodokanals) governed by Oblast Hokims with the technical support of UCSA. However the following agencies also have a role in regular monitoring of water quality:
• State Nature protection Committee that responsible for coordination all monitoring activity. • State Committee for Geology and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Goskomgeologiya), which is responsible for monitoring the quality of ground water sources; • Centre of Hydro-meteorological Service under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzgidromet), which is responsible for monitoring the state of the rivers, lakes, water reservoirs, pollution of atmospheric air, and land; • Ministry of Agriculture and Water Management, which monitors quality of collector-drainage waters (by 2 to 4 indicators of mineralization); • Sanitary and Epidemiological Services (SES) of the Ministry of Health, which monitors water quality of water sources and water in pipelines from centralized drinking water intakes; • Wastewater quality monitored both by the vodokanal and the national Environment Protection Committee.
Grievance Redress Mechanism
85. As ADB require that all ADB funded project should have the Grievance Redress Mechanism to receive and resolve affected people complaint related with the project. Arrangements will be made to receive complaints and comments from the affected people, public (makhalla members) either directly through the vodokanal at the PIU level.
86. The PIU has to resolve the complaint within 15 days after receiving complaint. If within 15 days, complaint is not resolved or complainants not satisfied with the PIU. The complainants could go directly to the PPMU or the EA. The PPMU on behalf of the EA should resolve within 15 days after receiving the complaint. If it is not resolved, the complainants could go to the higher level Government institution, or ADB Accountability Mechanism.
87. The environmental consultant from PPMU, and PIU, together with the staff from local vodokanal will conduct awareness campaign for people living around the project areas that there is a mechanism to solve their complaint, if any.
Environmental Monitoring Plan
88. Table 1 of the EMP in Appendix 2 summarizes anticipated environmental impacts, mitigation measures, required environmental monitoring, activities to ensure implementation of mitigation measures, and identifies the entities responsible for carrying out those activities.
16 Rehabilitation and Improvement of Karakalpak Water Supply and Distribution System Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)
Reporting of Environmental Monitoring Results
89. Environmental monitoring results and Monitoring the implementation of EMP will be documented and submitted by PPMU to ADB and other relevant Government Agency annually. However, the quarterly progress report, particularly during the construction period should include report on the progress of implementing EMP.
90. The environmental monitoring report will be use as a feedback to ensure that signs of adverse impacts are detected at the earliest possible time.
91. The format for the monthly and annual environmental monitoring report will be developed during project implementation by the consultant appointed for the Project Implementation Management. The format may have to be refined during implementation to incorporate all monitoring findings and lessons learned.
Budget for Environmental Monitoring
92. The cost of environmental monitoring will be that required for the remuneration of staff involved in EMP activities and their traveling expenses as well as any direct cost for monitoring activities. If any NGO members are involved, they will be from the area and therefore, no cost for their involvement but voluntary participation is considered.
93. The nature of the projects and the project locations do not necessitate any specific measurements, such as noise level or quality of water in wastewater receiving water bodies, during the construction phase. However, if any unexpected impact arises, it is recommended that PPMU and PIU will take necessary actions.
94. Laboratories of Vodokanal and SES in Karakalpak Republic are equipped with modern laboratory equipment. For this reason, the cost of environmental management is not provided. Other costs for EMP implementation especially during the construction stage will be covered and included in civil work costs. Therefore, it is important to ensure that bidding document, contract document spell out this requirement and the IEE report including the EMP should be provided to the contractors.
6. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE
95. During the preparation of the earlier IEE, public consultations particularly with the potential affected people were carried out on September 15, 2011 - in Amudarya and Beruniy districts, on September 16, 2011 - in Kegeyli, Khodjeyli and Shumanay districts. In each consultation place, 30-80 people participated (The list of attendance and invitation is attached in Appendix 3). Additional public consultation was conducted on August 25, 2016 in Khodjelyli district due to the changes in primary project document, where affected people from all 6 villages were attended. These villages are – Gonetaslijap, Kumbulaul, Tozabaz, Shodlik, Kolab and Sabikaul. The participants were from neighboring mahallas, local hokimiyat and Vodokanal. (the Minutes of Meeting and list of attendance and invitation is attached in Appendix 4).
96. There was no concern with the potential impact related with project construction raised by the participants. Issues raised during the consultation briefly summarized below:
Rehabilitation and Improvement of Karakalpak Water Supply and Distribution System 17 Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)
(i) Adults and children spend many hours daily - 1-2 hours to search and delivery of drinking water, they have to travel 1 - 2 kilometers; (ii) The quality of this water does not meet the standards. Water is lime and not strongly mineralized. This water is not disinfected, which often leads to various intestinal diseases. It has to be boiled, which leads to additional costs for gas or electricity. (iii) Imported water is delivered not regularly and is expensive (1 machine - 3 m3 - about 10 thousand UZS), which is more expensive than water of the centralized water supply more than 30 times, long storage of this water leads to deterioration of its quality. (iv) The participants expressed their common desire to pay for water even at a higher rate if an appropriate service and guaranteed quality of water will be provided, although the exact amount of the tariff was not discussed. (v) Participants expressed their interest and need in construction of new additional water network to the territories that are not included to the Tranche 3.
97. After ADB approval of this updated IEE it will be disclosed on the ADB website and “Uzkommunhizmat” Agency website.
7. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
98. This IEE shows that the construction of water supply systems of Amudarya, Beruni, Kegeyli, Khodjeyli and Shumunay districts is unlikely to cause significant adverse impacts on the environment. The environmental impacts mostly occur during construction phase, and the impact is temporary, and reversible.
99. The proposed mitigation measures are manageable, and can be implemented without difficulty through proper engineering design and incorporation or application of recommended mitigation measures and procedures at all stages in accordance with the EMP.
100. The requirement for contractor to implement EMP will be described and included in the bidding and contract document
101. The current implementation arrangement for Tranche 1 and Tranche 2, with full time environmental consultant at the PPMU, and intermittent consultant at the PIUs during the construction stage will be able to ensure that EMP will be implemented, monitored, and reported. For the Grievance Redress Mechanism, the Environmental consultant at the PIUs will take role as the receiver of complaint, and the environmental consultant at the PPMU level will be the key person in resolving the complaint related with environmental concerns
102. It is recommended to implement and revise, when appropriate, the proposed EMP after the detailed designed. All the necessary Government’s clearances and permits, aside from environmental clearance that has been granted, should be obtained after the completion of the detailed design.
8. CONCLUSIONS
103. Based on the indication of the Rapid Environmental Assessment (Appendix 1) and the findings of the IEE, the classification of the subproject as Category “B” is
18 Rehabilitation and Improvement of Karakalpak Water Supply and Distribution System Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) confirmed, and no further special study or detailed EIA will be needed to comply with the environmental policies of the ADB. The Government of Uzbekistan requirements do not demand an EIA study as this subproject is a Class III because it is limited to one province.
APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1: RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (REA)
CHECKLIST
WATER SUPPLY
Instructions:
This checklist is to be prepared to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form that is to be prepared and submitted to the Chief Compliance Officer of the Regional and Sustainable Development Department.
This checklist is to be completed with the assistance of an Environment Specialist in a Regional Department.
This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB checklists and handbooks on (i) involuntary resettlement, (ii) indigenous peoples planning, (iii) poverty reduction, (iv) participation, and (v) gender and development.
Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.
Country/Project: Uzbekistan/ Water Supply and Sanitation Services - Tranche 3 Title:
Sector Division: Rehabilitation and Improvement of Karakalpak Water Supply and Distribution System
Date Conducted: September 23, 2011 (Kyeong Jin Chung, Larisa Frank, Environmental Specialists)
SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS A. PROJECT SITING
IS THE PROJECT AREA DENSELY POPULATED? Rehabilitation of WDCs will take place outside densely populated area, but network improvements will take place inside the settlements (not densely populated). The impacts will be temporary and can be mitigated by EMP requirements. HEAVY WITH DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES?
ADJACENT TO OR WITHIN ANY ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS? • CULTURAL HERITAGE SITE
• PROTECTED AREA
• WETLAND
SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS • MANGROVE
• ESTUARINE
• BUFFER ZONE OF PROTECTED AREA
• SPECIAL AREA FOR PROTECTING BIODIVERSITY
• BAY
B. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Will the Project cause ° pollution of raw water supply from upstream wastewater discharge from communities, industries, agriculture, and soil erosion runoff?
° impairment of historical/cultural monuments/areas and loss/damage to these sites?
° hazard of land subsidence caused by excessive ground water pumping?
° social conflicts arising from displacement of communities ?
° conflicts in abstraction of raw water for water supply with other beneficial water uses for surface and ground waters?
° unsatisfactory raw water supply (e.g. excessive pathogens or mineral constituents)?
° delivery of unsafe water to distribution system?
° inadequate protection of intake works or wells, leading to pollution of water supply?
° over pumping of ground water, leading to salinization and ground subsidence?
° excessive algal growth in storage reservoir?
° increase in production of sewage beyond capabilities of community facilities?
° inadequate disposal of sludge from water treatment plants?
SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS ° inadequate buffer zone around pumping and treatment plants to alleviate noise and other possible nuisances and protect facilities?
° impairments associated with transmission lines and access roads?
° health hazards arising from inadequate design of facilities for receiving, storing, and handling of chlorine and other hazardous chemicals.
° health and safety hazards to workers from Facilities will be designed to mitigate the management of chlorine used for adverse impact (Use of safe technology disinfection and other contaminants? for production of chlorine from common salt, and no use of chlorine gas). Workers will receive regular training on how to handle hazardous materials, including chlorine, and general health and safety training. Workers will be provided with necessary Personal Protective Equipment ° dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people
° social conflicts between construction workers from other areas and community workers? ° noise and dust from construction activities? Temporarily during construction work, but will easily be mitigated through EMP requirements. ° increased road traffic due to interference of Temporarily during construction work, but construction activities? will easily be mitigated through EMP requirements. ° continuing soil erosion/silt runoff from construction operations?
° delivery of unsafe water due to poor O&M treatment processes (especially mud accumulations in filters) and inadequate chlorination due to lack of adequate monitoring of chlorine residuals in distribution systems?
° delivery of water to distribution system, Project design include only plastic pipes which is corrosive due to inadequate attention to feeding of corrective chemicals?
° accidental leakage of chlorine gas? Use of safe technology for production of chlorine from common salt, and no use of chlorine gas. Workers will receive regular training on how to handle hazardous materials, including chlorine, and general health and safety training. Workers will be provided with necessary Personal Protective Equipment.
SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS ° excessive abstraction of water affecting downstream water users?
° competing uses of water?
° increased sewage flow due to increased The increase in the volume of water will water supply have the potential of creating increased sewage flow in the region. However installation of water meters will facilitate economic use of water and accordingly to lesser volume of wastewater.
° increased volume of sullage (wastewater The increase in the volume of water will from cooking and washing) and sludge from have the potential of creating increased wastewater treatment plant sullage and sludge. Sludge volumes should not increase as
they are a function of population, not unit water use.
APPENDIX 2: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR IMPROVEMENT OF KARAKALAPAK WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM SUBPROJECT
Table 1: Environmental Management Plan
Potential Environmental Project Activities Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsible Entities Cost Estimation ($) Impacts Pre-construction Project Stage Accidents during Risk of accidents after • Building design with a second category of fire Designed Consultants Cost of consultants covered operations completion causing damage to resistance where all elements are made of • provide conceptual design in the project budgets facilities and workers due to fireproof or not-easy-to- burn materials; incorporating mitigation measures; Required structures will be inadequate designs • Design structures to withstand seismic forces Design-build contractors, if any, items included in costing of in accordance with Uzbek Construction Norms • provide detail design incorporating the construction budget and Regulations (CNR) 2.01.03-96 “Civil mitigation measures; Works within seismic areas”; PIU • Ensure unhindered access to the facilities and • reviews conceptual and detail availability of roads to them in case of designs for compliance with emergencies; mitigation measures Pipe-laying for new No expected resettlement, but • The design will re-routing pipe laying to avoid • Monitoring of implementation of At this water supply system extensions if it becomes relevant, the land demolition structures, buildings, and any LARF by PIU, EMU and Consultants; construction stage there are acquisition and resettlement settlement areas, to minimize impacts to local • Review of PPMU progress Reports no costs for resettlement framework (LARF) will be communities By PIU and LARF Committee reviewed and amended as • If land will be acquired and affecting any necessary to ensure no structure, building, housing, it will be adverse environmental impact addressed in the land acquisition and from resettlement. resettlement framework (LARF) • Review LARF (if any) to ensure environmental aspects of resettlement are considered and addressed. Location of Health hazard and nuisance to • Design layout of facilities, which includes Designed Consultants Cost of consultants covered Hazardous Materials people living in proximity to ample buffer distance (per CNR) to • provide conceptual design in the project budgets (Haz-Mat) storage facilities and to workers on the households living in close proximity to incorporating mitigation measures; Required structures will be and of noisy site. facilities and to worker facilities. Design-build contractors, if any, items included in costing of equipment and • Include acoustical assessments to determine • provide detail design incorporating the construction budget operations. if noise mitigation at source (noise barriers) is mitigation measures; required to prevent nuisance to nearby PIU households or the workers on the facility. • reviews conceptual and detail • If predicted noise level at neighboring designs for compliance with households is expected to exceed ADB/IFC mitigation measures guidelines include acoustic barriers in design. Changing on project Generation of different • Update or new IEE need to be prepared PPMU will report to ADB immediately UCSA will provide resources design potential environmental after knowing that there will be changing to prepare new IEE report impacts on project design
Potential Environmental Project Activities Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsible Entities Cost Estimation ($) Impacts Construction Project Stage Contractor or Insufficient environmental • Provide special contractual requirements, for Contractor’s Site Supervisor Costs should be covered by workers not controls implemented example, delay payment of wages or penalty • ensure monitoring of environmental the project cost as they will following contractual to ensure implementation by contractors of requirements – by delegation to be part of the contract environmental measures to minimize environmental impacts. Environmental Specialist requirement for prevention of requirements • Contracts should require from the contractor /Environment Focal Point of the PIU environmental impact to appoint staff to oversee environmental issues and mitigation. Contracts should include requirements to the contractor to provide evaluation environmental training for all staff. Machines, Emissions from construction • Excavated or stockpiled soil and sand shall Contractor’s Site Supervisor Contractor cost should be equipment, and equipment exhaust; be watered before loading, if there is a risk of • ensures compliance with EMP covered by the contract cost, vehicles used for Dust from vehicles, land dust generation, e.g. if it is fine materials or • visually inspects safety equipment monitoring costs are construction and clearing, grading, excavation, under windy conditions. use, observes vehicle noise levels, included in the project transport etc; • Access roads passing through inhabited etc., budget communities shall be watered to limit dust • check trucks entering site to assess nuisance to roadside dwellings and mitigate emissions and licensing; etc road safety during transport of construction PIU-Environment Focal Point materials and equipment. • monitors contractor’s compliance with • Soil, sand and other construction materials on all provisions of the EMP transport vehicles shall be covered. • Speeds of such vehicles shall be limited, particularly on unpaved areas. • All heavy equipment and machinery shall be fitted in full compliance with the national (SNPC) and local regulations with regards to emissions and noise. • Fuel-efficient and well-maintained haulage trucks shall be employed to minimize exhaust emissions. • Smoke-belching vehicles and equipment shall not be allowed and shall be removed from the project sites. • Develop Traffic Management Plan to mitigate impact on local traffic conditions during construction. • Confine heavy construction related traffic to the least sensitive access roads to the construction sites to avoid accidents and
Potential Environmental Project Activities Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsible Entities Cost Estimation ($) Impacts nuisance to dwellers along the road and other road users ; • Require the owners of the transport vehicles to only use properly registered and well- maintained vehicles with mufflers to mitigate noise and emissions; • All vehicles shall be well-maintained and fitted in full compliance with the national (SNPC) and local regulations. • As a rule, the operation of heavy equipment shall be conducted in the time span 7am-7pm only unless otherwise agreed with local residents. • No working at nighttime ( working hour 7AM to 7PM in summer, and 7AM to 9PM in winter) noise impact on sensitive areas, such as residential areas, school. and hospitals shall not be more than 3dB above background noise levels, as measured at the nearest sensitive receiver (Leq15minutes) two weeks prior to the commencement of works. • Construction equipment, which generates excessive noise, such as compressors, jackhammers shall be enclosed to prevent noise nuisance. • Near sensitive locations, e.g. hospitals, schools, mosques, and schools, discuss and agree with the PIU – Environment Focal Point and the principals of the facilities to agree on time for operating noisy machinery. Site preparation Erosion from site clearing, • Preserve existing ground cover wherever Contractor’s Site Supervisor Contractor cost should be grading and excavation possible, and provide approved ground cover • ensures compliance with EMP covered by the contract cost, resulting in sedimentation of where necessary; PIU-Environment Focal Point monitoring costs are water bodies; • Use appropriate stabilizing techniques to • monitors contractor’s compliance with included in the project prevent cave-ins or landslides in excavated all provisions of the EMP budget areas. • Constructing buildings and facilities following the land protection activities stipulated in CNR 3.01.01-97 and CNR 3.05.03-97. • If construction needs to take place during periods with expected rain, additional plan
Potential Environmental Project Activities Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsible Entities Cost Estimation ($) Impacts how to mitigate erosion, and sediment run-off , therefore any place for temporarily storage soil from excavation must be agreed with PIU–Environment Focal Point prior to the work commences. Revegetation and Erosion and sedimentation to • Prior to any clearing of vegetation, if required, Contractor’s Site Supervisor Costs should be covered by landscaping water bodies, due to excessive make a species inventory of the area to be • ensures compliance with EMP the contract cost as they will clearing of vegetation or cleared. Use vegetation inventory to identify PIU-Environment Focal Point be part of the contract extended periods without appropriate local plant species to be used for • monitors contractor’s compliance with requirements to prevent vegetation. revegetation. all provisions of the EMP environmental impact • Avoid tree removal unless justified on engineering, safety, and environmental grounds. • Store topsoil separately from other soil and re-use for revegetation upon completion of works. • Monitor revegetation regularly, especially during initial growth to ensure stable growth and lasting groundcover • After construction, create a green belt of native trees and shrubs around the station perimeter for aesthetic livability of the area and for neighboring residents. Maintaining the green belt until the full establishment. Excavation for pipe- Damages to utilities by • Require contractors to carry out a utility Contractor’s Site Supervisor Contractor cost should be laying; excavation; survey before construction and take action • coordinates with PIU and relevant covered by the contract cost, Road use for Temporary access cut-off to during construction to minimize impact on authorities and agencies. monitoring costs are transport of material properties; utilities and attend to any damage; • receives and records public included in the project and equipment Current access roads in poor • Provide temporary access to houses and complaints and resolves them budget condition may become worse businesses during construction in consultation PIU-Environment Focal Point due to construction vehicles. with Makhalla or local community. This • monitors contractor’s complaint temporary access must safe for people resolution procedures and compliance passing this temporary access. The design of with all provisions of the EMP the temporary access has to be agreed by PIU and local communities • Contractor and PIU to ensure that coordination meetings are held and agreement has been obtained from Hokimiyat; prior to any construction beginning on the site • Obtain permission for road use from relevant authorities and agreement to repair damages
Potential Environmental Project Activities Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsible Entities Cost Estimation ($) Impacts immediately after construction.
Wastewater Site rainwater runoff can wash • Store all liquid/solid waste properly above Contractor’s Site Supervisor Costs are included in the generated at away residues, garbage, ground to avoid spills/ leaks; • ensures compliance with EMP contract with contractor construction site leaves, grease, etc., thereby • Store Haz-Mat, e.g. fuels, chemicals, and • periodic visual observation of run-off Cost of supervision included potentially polluting nearby hazardous waste, in bunded areas to avoid from construction sites elsewhere in project budget. surface water leaks escaping to the ground or nearby PIU-Environment Focal Point surface waters. Provide ample natural • monitors contractor’s compliance with ventilation. These hazardous wastes only all provisions of the EMP allow to be storaged temporarily (no longer than 3 days), and has to be transported to the permanent hazardous waste storage of the local hokimiyat • Develop spill response procedures and provide spill response kits at all Haz-Mat storage areas and work sites for both contractor’s workers and communities. Solid Waste Construction materials (wood, • Prior to start of construction, develop an Contractor’s Site Supervisor Costs will be included in the generated by steel bar, cement, etc.), paper, inventory of waste fractions expected to be • monitors waste stream to ensure contractor contract construction packing, domestic/human generated during construction for approval of maximum recycling. activities waste from work sites causing disposal routes and sites by Hokimiyat and • Ensures proper disposal environmental pollution and SES PIU-Environment Focal Point adverse aesthetic impact • Provide refuse collection containers and used • monitors contractor’s compliance with oil collection containers at all construction all provisions of the EMP Site clearing for rehabilitation sites and labor camps. This oil waste has to works will generate corrosive be transported to the hokimiyat oil waste steel pipe. collection center at least every 3 days. • Sell paper, resin, iron, and steel and other recyclable waste fractions to other enterprises for recycling. • Dispose inorganic solid waste (concrete, bricks, etc.) properly after approval by Hokimiyat and SES. • Corrosive steel pipe collected by the contractor and sent to the local recycle plant. The contractors will consult the engineer, and local communities to find temporary storage areas before sending the corrosive steel pipe
Potential Environmental Project Activities Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsible Entities Cost Estimation ($) Impacts to the local recycle plan. The location for temporary storage will need to be approved by the PIU, and the storage time should not be longer than 3 days • After completion of civil works, collect all garbage and waste construction materials from the sites, and dispose in specially designated places agreed by the SES Nuisance from Nuisance and impacts from • Include in contract clauses to reflect this, Contractor’s Site Supervisor No additional cost, for Construction - the construction activities to including the contractor’s responsibility to • ensures good construction contract. complaints neighboring activities and mitigate nuisances, noise, vibration, and dust management Monitoring cost already in households. impacts and other nuisances to neighbors. PIU-Environment Focal Point project budget • Ensure that contractor incorporates good • monitors contractor’s compliance with construction management practices all provisions of the EMP • Ensure that contractor liaises with local community on approach to mitigation. • Clarify by signboards on construction sites and/or stickers on equipment outlining how affected parties can lodge complaints. • Ensure that contractor records complaints, response and resolution monitoring and includes complaints registration in regular progress reports. Use of local labor Inadequate working and living • Construction sites Contractor’s Site Supervisor and from outside facilities for workers - Provide adequate sanitary facilities, • ensures good construction areas potable water supply, waste collection, management portable/temporary toilets etc. on-site • ensures adequate sanitary conditions during construction. for workers • Labor camps, if any PIU-Environment Focal Point - Provide adequate sanitary facilities, • monitors contractor’s compliance with potable water supply, waste collection, all provisions of the EMP etc. - Test potable water supplies per Uzbek regulation - Ensure that locations of all labor camps are approved by PIU - Environment Focal Point and Hokimiyat; • Maximize use of local labor to minimize the need for temporary camps, and also to ensure socioeconomic benefit for the local population.
Potential Environmental Project Activities Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsible Entities Cost Estimation ($) Impacts Use labor for Improper disposal of • Temporary water supply (is brought in trucks) Contractor’s Site Supervisor Cost is included in budget construction constructors; waste and portable / temporary toilets during • Coordinates PIU with relevant construction at the site. authorities • Receives and registers complains from public and resolves them • Controls the procedures for resolving contractor complaints and compliance with all provisions of the EMP Workers’ Safety and Inadequate safety during work • Contractor shall be required to use Contractor’s Site Supervisor Cost of supervision included safety of local appropriate stabilizing techniques during • ensures safe trenching methods in cost estimate of the communities excavations, especially during excavations for • ensures workers’ safety contract budget trenches to avoid cave-ins. PIU-Environment Focal Point • Educate and train workers on regulations on • monitors contractor’s compliance with work safety and risk prevention and to obey all provisions of the EMP them • Workers exposed to noise impact greater than 85 Db(A) shall wear hearing protection. • Contractor shall make available all Personal Protection Equipment needed for workers, e.g. safety shoes, hard hats, safety glasses, and hearing protection • Contractors and all their staff should understand the Government’s requirement for health and safety working environment including safety environment for affected people living in the project areas • The project areas will be marked and fence, so, people who has no relation with civil works would unable to enter project working areas Operation & Maintenance Project Stage Toxic material Damage to the environment Toxic materials, including chlorine gas will not be Vodokanal No additional cost needed released to and to people handling used. • ensures following safety requirements environment chlorine. Water disinfection with chlorine produced from by staff common salt is provided
Accidents Risks to workers and facilities • Establish comprehensive safety regulations; Vodokanal Cost involved in the annual due to hazards related to fire • Train and equip all O& M staff to follow the • ensures that O&M staff receives budget of the implementing and other disasters regulations on occupational safety and risk training in occupational safety from agency (Vodokanal) prevention; PIA • Install proper alarm systems; PIU-Environment Focal Point
Potential Environmental Project Activities Proposed Mitigation Measures Responsible Entities Cost Estimation ($) Impacts • Ground all electrical equipment and provide • monitors plant manager’s compliance circuit breakers with all provisions of the EMP • Provide back-up water supplies for fire fighting. • Provide fire extinguishers at strategic locations around the site and monitor them for functionality Contingency Emergency measures as to • PIA team will be available on short notice to • O&M staff and PIA (technical PIA Contingency expenses: planning what options are available and identify a suitable solution to rectify the specialists) jointly with relevant local If reserve O&M funds are what measures are to be problem. When problem is identified and a authorities dealing with Health/ insufficient, PIA staff will followed if the water quality of solution is agreed upon, PIA will help find Science and Technology work with the local the WDC deteriorates, e.g. qualified specialists, who can deal with the authorities to meet due to malfunction of problem. supplemental funding. chlorination equipment or pumps. EMP = environmental management plan, EMU = Environmental Monitoring Unit, IFC = International Finance Corporation, HRD = Human Resources Development, LARF = land acquisition and resettlement framework, O&M = operation and maintenance, PIA = Project Implementing Agency, PIU = project implementation unit, SES = Sanitary and Epidemiological Services
Table 2: Environmental Monitoring
Parameters to be Mitigation Measure Location Measurements Frequency Responsibilities Cost Monitored Construction Phase Control of impacts of Dust, noise, transport, All construction sites Visual observation Regularly during Work supervisors of Work supervisors are construction on waste disposal, land and number of construction for the PIU and EMU under project budgets people and clearing, utilities and complaints from compliance with the for construction environment traffic impacts communities EMP requirements Operation & Maintenance Phase Parameters to be Mitigation Measure Location Measurements Frequency Responsibilities Cost Monitored Adequate treatment of Parameters shall be Monitoring locations Laboratory analysis of Frequencies for Vodokanal is Vodokanal and water prior to in accordance with shall be in samples at WDC testing and analysis responsible for the SES are already distribution. Uzbekistan Standards accordance with laboratory facilities shall be in daily monitoring of the equipped with for Water Supply O’z Uzbekistan Standards and SES laboratory, accordance with water quality. laboratory facilities for DSt 950:2000 for Water Supply O’z as per specifications Uzbekistan Standards SES is responsible for the tests to be done. DSt 950:2000 in Uzbekistan for Water Supply O’z checking the self- Standards for Water DSt 950:2000. control and records of Supply O’z DSt the vodokanal, and 950:2000 will also sample and analyze as per Uzbekistan Standards for Water Supply O’z DSt 950:2000 EMP = environmental management plan, EMU = Environmental Monitoring Unit, PIU = project implementation unit, SES = Sanitary and Epidemiological Services, WDC = water distribution unit.
APPENDIX 3: CONSULTATION MEETINGS HELD IN KARAKALPAKSTAN
Announcement at Local Newspaper
List of participants - Amudarya District
List of participants - Beruni District
List of participants - Kegeyli District
List of participants - Khodjeyli District
APPENDIX 4: PUBLIC CONSULTATION MEETING (KHODJEYLI DISTRICT)
Announcement at Local Newspaper “Erkin Karakalpakstan” that additional public consultation will take place on August 25, 2016 in Khodjelyli due to the changes in primary project document to discuss potential impact related with project construction.
Map of project territory. Changes in Project Design, additional streets marked as red.
Meeting minutes
Public consultation under the “Karakalpakstan Rural Water Supply Improvement Project”
Venue: Khokimiat of Khodjeyli district, Karakalpakstan Date: August 25, 2016
Chairman: D.Tolibaev, Deputy Khokim of Khodjeyli district
Participants: S. Tillyakhodjayeva, ADB PCU UCSA Environment and social specialist; E. Kim, EPTISA Environment expert; Kh. Khidirniyazov, Head of Vodokanal of Khodjeyli district; K. Saburov, ADB PCU UCSA Regional coordinator in Karakalpakstan; S. Bakhiev, EPTISA Construction Supervisor; N. Yusupova, Environmental specialist of the Contractor.
Invited: local people (list of participants attached)
AGENDA:
1. Overview of the “Karakalpakstan Rural Water Supply Improvement Project” and achieved results; 2. Presentation of changes in the project design in Khodjeyli district; 3. Discussion the potential ecological risk and mitigation measures in the new project territory under the Tranche 3.
The Investment Program is implemented by the Uzbekistan Communal Services Agency (UCSA) in coordination with local governments, trans-regional water lines and town level vodokanals (water supply companies). The investment program focuses on the physical and institutional improvements to water supply and sanitation sub-sectors. This subproject includes the rehabilitation and reconstruction of water supply facilities in Amudarya, Beruni, Kegeyli, Khodjeyli and Shumunay districts of the Karakalpak Republic to effectuate the benefits generated from works under the ADB Loan 1903 - Western Uzbekistan Rural Water Supply. It is expected that this sub-project will be able to provide water supply services for the population total of 47.9 thousand people, who currently do not have an access with clean water pipeline. In Khodjeyli district – Gonetaslijap, Kumbuzaul, Tozabaz, Shodlik, Karakol, Kolab, Shirin, Sabikaul and Shokhankol villages do not have centralized water supply. To provide 9 villages with drinking water from Tuyamuyun-Nukus Trunkmain the project envisages construction of WDC and pipeline network, 9 thousand people of these nine villages will be provided with safe drinking water. For supplying clean water to above mentioned villages this sub-project will involve construction of WDC-1, 14.2 km d=100-200 mm water mains and 31 km of distribution network with d=50-100 mm. Construction of WDC-1 includes installation of pumping station facilities as well as the chlorination facilities. The capacity of the pumping will be around 1865 m3/day, and consumption of Chlorine 0.05 kg/hour. Two clean water reservoirs with capacity 300 m3 each will also be built. For electric supply, two transformers will be installed. The WDC sites will be fenced with cement concrete wall, and secure gate.
2. During civil works implementation it was found out that 11.5 km of water networks out of 43.7 km, provided under the contract in Khojeyli district have been constructed in 2015 at the expense of Uzbek Government. Considering the problems of drinking water supply of Aral region population and social importance of this issue, also in order to keep the length of water networks provided by ADB project, the Council of Ministers of Karakalpakstan insisted on construction of new networks on other streets of the same village instead of already constructed 11.5 km networks. At present, the detailed design document for construction of new 11.5 km of water networks have been developed. New water networks will provide drinking water to 300 houses, in particular 1800 people in 6 rural villages in Khojeyli district. Due to the changes in primary project document (IEE) additional public consultation took place on August 25, 2016 in Khodjelyli district, which were attended by the local population, representatives of the local authority, PCU UCSA and Supervision Consultant (Eptisa) representatives. 3. The PCU UCSA Environment and Social Specialist gave presentation about aims and changes in project design. In particular, she described positive effect from construction on public health, social and environment aspects in the new project territory under “Karakalpakstan Rural Water Supply Improvement Project”. Supervision Consultant’s (EPTISA) Environment expert introduced local ecological policy, ADB environmental guidelines, changes in IEE and other measures which are necessary to comply during the project implementation process. Participants were acknowledged with changes in the new project territory under “Karakalpakstan Rural Water Supply Improvement Project” and its positive effect. During the discussion there were no complaints and feedback received from local people that related to new project territory. As proposal, local people expressed their interest and need in construction of new additional water network to the territories that are not included to the Tranche 3.
List of Participants of Public Consultations in Khodjeyli district