Multidisciplinary Research

ISSN (Online) : 2455 - 3662 SJIF Impact Factor :3.395 (Morocco)

EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research

Volume: 2 Issue: 5 May 2016

Published By : EPRA Journals

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EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinar y Research (IJMR) ISSN (Online): 2455-3662

SJIF Impact Factor: 3.395 (Morocco) Volume: 2 Issue: 5 May 2016

A FOCUS ON FOURTH WORLDSJIF Impact LITERATURE Factor : 3.395 OF INDIA:THE NEED OF SJIF ImpactTHE FactorHOUR : 3.395

SJIF Impact Factor : 3.395 1 ABSTRACT Sk.Saleem Babu “The fourth world is the name given to indigenous peoples 1 Mentor in English, AP IIIT, RGUKT, descended from a country’s aboriginal population and who Nuzvid, Andhra Pradesh, India today are completely or partly deprived of the right to their own territory and its riches….The people of the fourth world have only limited influence or none at all in the national Y.V.G. Nukeswara Rao2 state to which they belong”. (Cited in the GAIA Atlas, p.19) Dasyus, Aryans, Samajika Nyaya, 2 KEYWORDS: Mentor in English, AP IIIT, RGUKT, Dalits Nuzvid, Andhra Pradesh, India

INTRODUCTION „Samajika Nyaya‟ (social justice) has become a buzz Since the dawn of civilization, it has been word of every political party. All these downtrodden known „might is the right‟. As the civilization are competing among themselves to acquire a clerical progresses, man has started to comprehend nature job while the higher class retains their political and tried to dominate the other tribes. His lust for leadership. The literature produced by these classes is power provoked him to move to other places where called Fourth world literature. Fourth world literature the sources are abundant and the local inheritors are refers to the written work of a native people living in weak and innocent. This is how „Aryans‟ invaded a land that has been taken over by non-natives. India and subjugated the local „dasyus‟. The native Examples are the Native Americans in North land owners, „Dasyus‟, were created as demons in the America, the Maori in New Zealand, and the literature of Aryans. In fact, the aboriginal Dasyus Aboriginals in Australia. were men of peace. Hence, they have started In this presentation, we would like to focus accepting Aryans as their rulers; brothers and sisters. on how the ill-treatment, the atrocities, the sufferings „History repeats again‟. The scenario was more or and the agony have been reflecting in the literature of less equal when India was invaded by the mighty Dalits, Tribes, Women and Minority. British Empire. Struggle went on for nearly three DALITS centuries. People from the four corners of India have “When they (the oppressed) rise, get tied together to achieve Independence. A long organized and fight back, only then history can be struggle and sacrifices have paved a way to the relief changed”. (Mahasweta Devi) which cannot be valued in terms of vocabulary. Though Dalits are a considerable population Surprisingly, even after half a decade of the in India, „Untouchability‟ is still a common coinage India‟s Independence, the struggle is still persisted; in many parts of India. After fifty years of this time the suffering is of our own „Bharath Brand‟. Independence and campaigning for these long years, The upper caste, the rich and the male have been Dalits are still forced to live a secluded out-caste life suppressing their counterparts. These power-mongers in many parts of the nation. Discrimination has been ignore the rights of the common .Power has become haunting them all through their life. In village front, an inherent trait for them. Even political parties are the hotels are still practicing two tumblers-systems. throwing the bait of reservations to the downtrodden. One particular tumbler is offered to lower-caste

www.eprajournals.com Volume: 2 Issue:5 May 2016 28 EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR) | ISSN (Online): 2455 -3662 | SJIF Impact Factor : 3.395 ( Morocco) people and the other is for the upper-caste. In Chalam and Gopichand also supported the idea of addition to not providing them with equal independence to women in their literature. But opportunities, the upper-caste people are grabbing finally, women have decided to raise their own voices greedily the special provisions reserved to Dalits. The against the atrocities committed to them. Since then, political power reserved to Dalits in Panchayaths is feminist literature has been poured. They have to also picked by these upper caste people who are carry on this struggle for existence till equality is politically, financially and socially stronger than the completely well established in society. Dalits. They are forced to take lower-profile jobs “Men‟s callous treatment of women within which sustain them in miserable poverty for long the Dalit community should be recognized. You years. Even in religion also, the converted lower- (male Dalit writers) set out to write the truth about caste people are separately treated. Separate churches your own life. So to write about only one aspect of were built for them. Marriages are not performed your life is not very fair. Life should be written about between these lower-caste converted and the upper- every angle. You should write about your mistakes caste converted. In some areas of the nation, the also”. (Urmila Pawar to the Interviewer for the burial ground is partitioned for the lower-caste Sparrow Series) converted. The increased number of cases against the Olga, Savithri, Vimala, Nayani Krishna atrocities committed to the Dalits every year is an Kumari, Jayaprabha, Revathi Devi, Mehajabeen, indication of the existence of suppression. These Seela Subhadra Devi have advocated the theory of sufferings have been reflected in Telugu Literature feminism. since long time. TRIBES Ambedkar and Phoole advocated how Dalits Man was born as primitive. It is not have been deceived by the political gimmicks of the exaggeration to say that the primitive is the father of upper caste people. Since then, a sizable literature has the modern. As the civilization progresses, he has been composed against this. In Telugu Literature, shifted to cities. Thus the evolution of modern man „Gabbilam‟ by Gurram Joshua is the first ever poem has taken place. The association with the tribes has written in Dalit Literature. Dalit is not permitted to been traced since ancient literature. Sri Krishna enter temple. Hence, he sent a bat to the Lord Shiva Devaraya strategically used them as the guards of his with his message in which he listed out the sufferings kingdom. But all these years, the tribes have secluded he faced by the society. Likewise, Dr. Yendluri themselves in the forests. Their rights have been Sudhakar, Kathi Padma Rao, Sathish Chander, Bojja thoughtlessly suppressed. Their lands have been Tharakam have published many volumes of literature occupied. Thus, their culture has been destroyed. in this regard. Lambada, Chenchu, Koya, Konda, Gadhaba, WOMEN Yerukula are some of the tribes. The original tribal The Hindus believe that the whole creation literature has not been recorded in books. It is being has taken place because of the mother Goddess. Since passed from mouth to mouth for these many years. ancient times woman is projected as Shakthi (the Researches and literature in this field have been made Goddess of power), creator, Goddess of Nature. by people belong to other communities. Women have got a prominent place in ancient times Aruna‟s Elli, novel which was written on the but later with the advent of Brahmanism she has lost life style of „yerukula‟ caste became very famous. her charisma. Her character was made limited to Sadhana‟s „Sarihadhu‟ and „Rago‟ had written about household. Manu Smruthi emphasized that a woman the life style of „Gondu,‟ Kesava Reddy‟s „Athadu is not eligible to be free or independent. Later, Adavini Jayinchadu‟were some of the examples of Budhism, Jainism and Veera Shiva religions gave a tribal literature. Sahu, Allam Rajaiah, Sadhana decent position to women. As women have not been Mallikarjuna Heeremath, Dr. VNVK Sastry, Dr.Vitta permitted to receive good education, they remain to Venu Gopal have extensively pursued research in kitchen and bed room. But in the recent past, tribal literature. atrocities to women have been mounting in the MINORITIES society. Female foeticide, dowry, sexual harassment Though the word „minority‟ refers to a and discrimination at working places are still taking group of people who are less in number, in India it place. A survey said India has killed 10 million girls limits to Muslim community. Minority literature can in 20 years. also be considered as fourth world literature because Thallapaka Thimmakka is the first in Telugu any literature which represents the voice of any Literature to oppose the attitude of male in her work oppressed or underprivileged victim or class of a „Subadra Kalyanam‟. Raja Ram Mohan Roy, state is called fourth world literature. The main point Veeresha Lingam Panthulu and Gurajada Appa Rao in Minority Literature that they have been treated ISI were the prominent reformers of the women cause. agents and their loyalty towards nation has been

www.eprajournals.com Volume: 2 Issue:5 May 2016 29 EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR) | ISSN (Online): 2455 -3662 | SJIF Impact Factor : 3.395 ( Morocco) questioned or doubted by all Hindus. All the political BIBLIOGRAPHY parties give them fake promised which cannot be 1. „Telugu Kavithvam-Bhavishaddarshanam’ by materialized. Thus the community has been deceived Dr.G.Aruna Kumari. by various sects of society. 2. The Fourth World of Indigenous Peoples: A Review of The condition of women in Muslim community is pathetic. All their traditions and rituals the Concept and Literature by Alan B Anderson. are in favour of men. Man is always excused. The 3. Self Critical Honesty: The writing of Urmila Pawar. tradition of thalak, polygamy and negligence towards 4. A Critical study of Dalit Literature in India by Dr. family planning make the women in the community Jugal Kishore Mishra. lead a miserable life. The suppressed tones have their 5. Dalit Literature- Twenty-five Years of Protest? Of part in literature. Saleem, Khader Mohiddin, Khaja, Shajahana, Skybaba, Chader Miya,Tasleema Nasreen Progress by Veena Deo and Eleanor Zelliot. and Salmon Rusdee have produced wonderful 6. Language and Literature of Erukula:Its influence on literature which reflect their problems and sufferings Telugu-PhD Thesis, Dr.G. Haribabu genuinely. They ultimately aspire for a society where 7. Dalit Feminism by M. Swathy Margret. the tradition of their community is protected, where 8. Fourth World: Marxist Gandhian Environmentalist…. they get relief from religious fanaticism of both Hindu and Muslim. By Rajinder Chaudhary. “Though the Hindu spirituality depicted in 9. Vasanth Moon’s growing up Untouchable in India: A the Vedas, the Upanishads, The Puranas and smritees Voice for the Voiceless. has emphasized on „ Human Equality, Enlightment, 10. Voices of the oppressed- Dalit Literature by K G Uplift, Love and kindness‟ to all not only o human Sankarapillai. beings but also for every living creature, generally this spirituality has remained Untouchable to the 11. Another World is Possible: Thoughts about a Fourth Hindu society. Mahatma Gandhi had painfully called World by M P Parameswaran. this evil “a disgrace on Hinduism”. Gandhiji‟s idea to uplift the Untouchable by changing Hindu‟s hearts was never materialized”. (Vasanth Moon‟s growing up Untouchable in India: A Voice for the Voiceless)