Afroasiatic, 17N, 41N, 46, 65, 72-75 Akkadian,5,6,9, 14N, 16, 17N, 18N, 19, 28,33,40,43,44,45,47,55,56, 68N,80,81 'Anat (Canaani
Index Afroasiatic, 17n, 41n, 46, 65, 72-75 Canaanite shift (of ii too), 46, 49-50, 56, Akkadian,5,6,9, 14n, 16, 17n, 18n, 19, 78 28,33,40,43,44,45,47,55,56, Carthage, 21-22 68n,80,81 commerce: between Egypt and the Levant, 'Anat (Canaanite goddess), 13n, 47 10-14, 78 aleph, triple (333): miswritten by copyists, 7-8, 77,83-84 dating alphabet, 82 of sound changes, 41, 62, 63n, 66, 72 Amarna letters, 36, 38n, 45, 49n, 57 of texts, 1-3, 21n, 80-82 dama-usum(-gal-an-na) (Sumerian divine Dep, 11 name) 31-32, 80 dirt: as food of snakes, 25, 38 Arabic, 22, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 36, 38n, 40, dissimilation, 41n, 61n, 64n 42,43,44,46,47,49,55,56,68n, divine identifications, 50 69, 71, 73-75 Djer (Egyptian king) , IO Aramaic, 6, 9, 15, 17n, 21n, 28, 29, 30, 32, Dumuzi (Sumerian god), 31 33,36,38n,42,43,44,45,46,48, 50,53,55,56n,57,58,68n, 71-72, Eblaite, 10, 17, 19-20, 33n, 46, 55-56, 74n, 77-78. See also Aramaic text 80-81 in Demotic script. Egypto-Semitic, 63n, 72, 73, 74, 75 Aramaic text in Demotic script (Papyrus ejective(s), 12, 54, 68, 71 Amherst 63), 9n, 15n, 35, 42, 49n, Elamite, 9 50n,63n, 72 Epigraphic South Arabian, 55. See also assimilation, 30, 54-55, 56n, 77 Minaic, Qatabanian, and Sabaic augmentation, 18n, 43-44, 50n Eshmun (Phoenician god), 8-9 <ayin, Egyptian and Semitic, 63-72, 75-76 Eve,21n,29-30 Execration Texts, 48, 63, 64 Ba'alat (Byblian goddess), 13, 14, 78 backformation(s), 43-44 fallacy of overspecification, 74 Balaam, 35 foreign elements: in magic, 8-10, 79-80 Bible,snakesin, 5,6,26,38,41 foreign land: as epithet of foreign snake, Book ofAm-Duat, 18, 27n 24,26,51,80 Byblian (dialect), 35, 36, 42, 45, 46n, 54, foreigners: in Egypt during Old Kingdom, 56 62 Byblites (snakes), 14, 24, 38, 52-53, 80 Byblos, 10-14, 24, 25, 27, 33, 36, 38, 45, Geb (Egyptian earth-god, father of all 46,51,52,53,54,57, 78,80,82n snakes), 25, 27, 38, 39, 40 100 Index 101 genitalia, reptilian, 25, 39, 40, 44, 45 lion: as epithet for snake, 28, 33-34, 53 Genizah, Cairo, 19n London Medical Papyrus, 8-9, 29 glottal stop(s), 34, 42, 48, 62 glottalic.
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