DOCSLIB.ORG

Comment on Geir Stenseth's Secrets of Property In

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Comment on Geir Stenseth's Secrets of Property In Tiefengeothermie – Rechtslage und Empfehlungen Geothermal Energy – Legal Situation and Recommendations René Wiederkehr/Andreas Abegg*1 translated by Danielle Adams**1 I. Ausgangslage und Fragestellung I. Scenario and Issue Das Zentrum für Technologiefolgen- The Centre for Technology Assessment TA- Abschätzung TA-SWISS möchte in Ergänzung SWISS has commissioned an advisory opinion of zu den Arbeiten des PSI-Konsortiums, bestehend the TA-SWISS study on deep geothermal energy aus dem Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), ETH Zürich in Switzerland to add a legal perspective to the und DIALOGIK Stuttgart, eine juristische Exper- work already done by the PSI Consortium con- tise zur TA-SWISS Studie über die Tiefengeo- sisting of the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), ETH thermie in der Schweiz. Zurich, and DIALOGIK Stuttgart. Die Abklärungen sind vor dem Hintergrund The analysis is set against the background of des interdisziplinären Projekts „Energie aus dem the interdisciplinary project "Energy from the Innern der Erde: Tiefengeothermie als Energie- earth's interior: Deep geothermal energy as the träger der Zukunft?“ zu sehen. Es sollen die energy source of the future?". It addresses the wichtigsten gegenwärtigen juristischen Fragen in main legal issues currently under debate on the der Schweiz beantwortet und zukünftige gesetz- subject in Switzerland and highlights future leg- geberische Entwicklungen veranschaulicht wer- islative developments. The demarcation of den. Von speziellem Interesse ist die Kompetenz- responsibilities between the Swiss federal state abgrenzung zwischen Bund und Kantonen. Die and the cantons is of special interest in this con- Gutachten1 im Auftrag des Zentrums für Technolo- Expertise1 on behalf of the Centre for Technology Assess- giefolgen-Abschätzung TA-SWISS, 12. November 2014. ment TA-SWISS, November 12, 2014. Published in: Publiziert in: Hirschberg S./Wiemer S./Burgherr, P. (Hrsg.), Hirschberg S./Wiemer S./Burgherr, P. (Eds.), Energy from Energy from the Earth: Deep Geothermal as a Resource?, the Earth: Deep Geothermal as a Resource?, Study of TA- Study of TA-SWISS, Centre for Technology Assessment, SWISS, Centre for Technology Assessment, Zürich: vdf Zürich: vdf Hochschulverlag AG, 2015. Hochschulverlag AG, 2015. * René Wiederkehr ist Dozent für öffentliches Wirt- * René Wiederkehr is Lecturer in Public Law and Dep- schaftsrecht und stellvertretender Leiter des Zentrums uty Head of the Center for Public Commercial Law at für öffentliches Wirtschaftsrecht an der Zürcher Hoch- Zürich University of Applied Sciences (ZUAS) and schule für angewandte Wissenschaften (ZHAW) Titular Professor at the University of Lucerne. sowie Titularprofessor an der Universität Luzern. Andreas Abegg ist Professor für öffentliches Wirt- Andreas Abegg is Professor for Public Commercial schaftsrecht und Leiter des Zentrums für öffentliches Law and Head of the Center for Public Commercial Wirtschaftsrecht an der ZHAW sowie Rechtsanwalt Law at ZUAS and lawyer at AM T Rechtsanwälte, bei AM T Rechtsanwälte, Zürich. Zurich. ** Danielle Adams leitet den Translation and Editing ** Danielle Adams coordinates the Translation and Edit- Service an der ZHAW. ing Service at ZUAS. Geothermie – Geothermal Energy 1 René Wiederkehr/Andreas Abegg Expertise soll klare Handlungsanweisungen ent- text. The advisory opinion aims to provide clear halten, die hauptsächlich an Politikerinnen und recommendations, in particular for policy-mak- Politiker gerichtet sind. ers. Aufgrund der rechtlichen Beurteilungen sind Based on an analysis of the legal framework, die folgenden Fragen zu beantworten: the following questions need to be answered: Ist bei der heute gültigen Rechtslage eine ver- Considering the current legal position, is a stärkte Nutzung der Tiefengeothermie möglich? more intensive exploitation of deep geothermal resources possible? Inwieweit werden bei der heute gültigen To what extent does the current legal position Rechtslage die öffentlichen Interessen in Bezug take into account the public interest with regard auf Sicherheit, Lärmemissionen und Umwelt to security, noise emissions, and the environ- berücksichtigt? ment? Wie könnte eine zukünftige regulatorische How might a future division of regulatory Kompetenzaufteilung zwischen Bund und Kan- authority between the federal state and the can- tonen aussehen? tons of Switzerland look like? Welche regulatorischen Massnahmen müs- What regulatory measures might have to be sten allenfalls auf Bundesebene angegangen wer- addressed at the federal state level and would den und sind dazu Verfassungsänderungen not- constitutional amendments be required? wendig? Welche grundsätzlichen Empfehlungen What basic recommendations should be sollten dem Gesetzgeber gemacht werden? made to legislators? II. Rechtliches II. Legal Matters Vorbemerkung: Die Erdwärme kann in Preliminary Comment: Geothermal unterschiedlicher Art und Weise genutzt werden. energy can be harnessed in a variety of different Hauptsächlich stehen folgende Verfahren im ways. Key procedures include the following (see Vordergrund (vgl. JAGMETTI, Rz. 7417): JAGMETTI, marginal no. 7417): – die Nutzung der Erdwärme aus Grund- – Extraction of geothermal energy from wasservorkommen mittels Grundwasser-Wär- groundwater sources using groundwater heat mepumpen im Sinne der sog. untiefen Geother- pumps as for the exploitation of shallow geother- mie (bis ca. 500 m Tiefe); mal resources (to a depth of approximately 500m) – die Nutzung der Erdwärme mittels Erd- – Extraction of geothermal energy using wärmesonden mit einem von einer Wärme- geothermal probes with a double pipe filled trägerflüssigkeit durchflossenen Doppelrohr im with heat transfer fluid as for the exploitation of Sinne der sog. untiefen Geothermie (bis ca. 500 shallow geothermal resources (to a depth of m Tiefe); approx. 500m) – die Nutzung der Erdwärme mittels hyd- – Extraction of geothermal energy using rothermalen oder petrothermalen Systemen hydrothermal or petrothermal systems as for im Sinne der tiefen Geothermie (Tiefe von ca. the exploitation of deep geothermal resources (at 3000 m bis ca. 6000 m). Beim hydrothermalen a depth of between approx. 3000 – 6000m). In System werden im Untergrund natürlich vorkom- the case of a hydrothermal system, use is made of mende heisse wasserführende Gesteinsschichten naturally occurring hot water passing through genutzt. Beim petrothermalen System liegt im sedimentary rock in the subsoil. In the case of a 2 Geothermie – Geothermal Energy René Wiederkehr/Andreas Abegg Untergrund keine natürlich vorkommende wass- petrothermal system, no naturally occurring erführende Gesteinsschicht vor. Der Wasser- water passes through sedimentary rock in the speicher wird zuerst künstlich erzeugt, indem subsoil. The water reservoir must first be created Wasser mit hohem Druck in den Fels gepresst artificially by pumping water into the rock at wird. high pressure. Im vorliegenden Gutachten geht es haupt- This advisory opinion mainly deals with sächlich um die Nutzung der Erdwärme im the exploitation of geothermal resources Sinne der tiefen Geothermie mittels hydro- within the meaning of exploiting deep geo- thermalen oder petrothermalen Systemen. Im thermal energy using hypothermal or petrother- vorliegenden Gutachten wird deshalb unter dem mal systems. Within this advisory opinion, the Begriff „Untergrund“ der tiefe Untergrund term "subsoil" is meant to be understood as the ausserhalb des nach Privatrecht geschützten deep subsoil which is not included in property Eigentums verstanden. Die Nutzung der protected under private law. The extraction of Erdwärme durch Sonden oder Wärmepumpen bis geothermal energy using probes or heat pumps zu einer Tiefe von ca. 500 m ist noch als Aus- up to a depth of approximately 500m can still be übung des Privateigentums einzustufen und considered as the exercising of proprietary rights gehört nicht zur Nutzung des tiefen Unter- and does not include the exploitation of the deep grundes. subsoil. A. Nutzung des Untergrundes A. Exploitation of the Subsoil a. Zuständigkeit a. Jurisdiction i. Bund i. The Swiss Federal State Grundlegend für die Kompetenzaufteilung The division of authority between the zwischen Bund und Kantonen ist Art. 3 BV. Swiss federal state and the cantons falls Nach Art. 3 BV sind die Kantone souverän, under Art. 3 of the Federal Constitution. In soweit ihre Souveränität nicht durch die Bundes- accordance with Art. 3 of the Federal Constitu- verfassung beschränkt ist. Die Kantone üben tion, the cantons are sovereign, inasmuch as their demnach alle Rechte aus, die nicht dem Bund sovereignty is not curtailed by the Federal Con- übertragen sind. Jede Aufgabe, die von der stitution. The cantons therefore exercise all the Bundesverfassung nicht dem Bund zugewiesen rights that have not been given to the federal ist, fällt damit in die Zuständigkeit der Kantone. state. Every responsibility that has not been Man nennt diese Art von Kompetenzverteilung assigned to the federal state by the Federal Con- zwischen Bund und Kantonen auch „Prinzip der stitution thus falls under the jurisdiction of the Einzelermächtigung“ (BIAGGINI, Art. 3 BV, Rz. cantons. This type of breakdown of responsibili- 5) oder „subsidiäre Generalkompetenz der Kan- ties between the federal state and the cantons is tone“ (TSCHANNEN, Staatsrecht, § 19, Rz. 9). also called the "principle of single empower- ment" ("Prinzip der Einzelermächtigung") (BIAGGINI, Art. 3 Federal Constitution, marginal no. 5) or "general subsidiary powers of the can- tons" ("subsidiäre
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Political Ecology of Mineral Rights and Land Tenure Struggles in Appalachia and the Andes
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Geography Geography 2017 Politics below the Surface: A Political Ecology of Mineral Rights and Land Tenure Struggles in Appalachia and the Andes Lindsay Shade University of Kentucky, [email protected] Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.13023/ETD.2017.195 Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Shade, Lindsay, "Politics below the Surface: A Political Ecology of Mineral Rights and Land Tenure Struggles in Appalachia and the Andes" (2017). Theses and Dissertations--Geography. 50. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/geography_etds/50 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Geography at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Geography by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known.
    [Show full text]
  • By Frank Uekötter in the History of Land, Different Dimensions Overlap
    by Frank Uekötter In the history of land, different dimensions overlap which are, strictly speaking, not interdependent. Land was simultaneously sover- eign territory, the basis of agricultural production, a repository of mineral resources, a space to be accessed or travelled across, the object of expert knowledge and science, and the property of a state or private persons. The different rationales connected with these various perspectives resulted in numerous conflicts which became ever more difficult to resolve due to the increasing pace of change in most of these areas from the 19th century onward. If one views modern history "from below" in this way, it becomes a history of the mobilization of land. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Land and Power 3. Land as a Possession 4. No Entry! The Question of Access 5. Mineral Resources 6. Land as an Object of Knowledge 7. The Mystery of Fertility 8. Lack of Respect 9. A European History? 10. Appendix 1. Sources 2. Literature 3. Notes Indices Citation At first glance, an article on land seems somewhat out of place in a historical project which attempts to view Europe as the product of intercultural transfer processes. Land is not typically subject to transfer, but is immobile to a high degree. The physical substrata of the land are the product of long geological processes, and the natural history of land has thus unfolded over time periods which are very long in comparison with human history. For this reason, land became a classic symbol of permanence and traditionalism in several European countries. And when land is made to move by wind or water, this movement follows natural laws, ignoring cultural conditions completely.
    [Show full text]
  • A Commentary on Some Controversial Issues
    Industrial Policy in Japan and the Policy Choices for Central and East European Countries - A Commentary on Some Controversial Issues Werner Pascha1 Nobuko Inagawa has written an excellent paper on the relevance of Japanese experiences for a successful integration of Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) into the world economy. Talking about the case of Japan is particularly interesting - and potentially controversial - compared with the experiences of other leading economies or successful late- industrializers. The reason is that Japan - or rather: a significant part of its political, bureaucratic and academic establishment - currently is the only major challenger to the so- called „Washington consensus“ on how to go about structural change in developing and post- socialist transition economies. Here, I want to concentrate on three issues, which could be seen somewhat controversially when utilising Japan´s experiences and drawing policy lessons for CEECs: 1. Did Japan ever experience a „transformation“, suitable as a „tertium comparationis“ with today´s CEECs? 2. Are such experiences helpful with respect to the policy problems of today´s CEECs? 3. To what extent is the experience „translated“ into theory and to what extent is it made use of by Japanese institutions and researchers? 1. The experience of systemic change in Japan Comparing Japan´s past with the present experience of the CEECs is of course tricky. If we think of a „transformation“ as a full-scale switch from a command economy to a market economy and from collective or state ownership to private ownership, we have to admit that 1 This paper was prepared as a commentary to Nobuko Inagawa´s contribution („Experience from other countries.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mineral Industry of Switzerland in 2014
    2014 Minerals Yearbook SWITZERLAND U.S. Department of the Interior December 2017 U.S. Geological Survey THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF SWITZERLAND By Sinan Hastorun Switzerland is a highly developed, landlocked, and $675.3 billion (CHF642.3 billion1) in 2014. The slightly higher mountainous country in Central Europe that borders the rate of growth was mainly owing to increased net exports and, European Union (EU) member states of Austria, France, to a lesser degree, increased domestic private consumption. Germany, and Italy as well as the Principality of Liechtenstein. The gross value added from manufacturing and construction Few mineral commodities were mined in the country although increased by 2.0% in 2014, compared with a revised increase more than 1,000 mineral deposits (in particular, iron ore of 1.0% in 2013. Within manufacturing and construction, and manganese ore) have been identified on Swiss territory. the value added from manufacturing increased by 2.4% Switzerland’s mineral output consisted almost exclusively of compared with an increase of 0.7% (revised) in 2013, and that industrial minerals for the construction sector, refined precious of construction increased by 2.1% compared with 2.0% in the metals, and refined mineral fuels. Industrial minerals that previous year. The mining and quarrying sector contracted were mined and used on a large scale by industry were clay, in 2014; its value decreased by 5.3% in 2014 compared with gypsum, lime, and rock salt. Hydraulic cement and sulfur (from an increase of 1.9% (revised) in 2013 (Federal Statistical petroleum refining) were also produced. Construction aggregates Office, 2015c, e, h, i; European Commission, 2015, p.
    [Show full text]
  • Contested Futures for Energy Transitions
    PoWiNe Working Paper 1/2021 Contested Futures for Energy Transitions Ulrike Zeigermann, Gilles Lepesant, Katrin Beer Hrsg. Bild: Kohlekraftwerk am Ohio River westlich von Cincinnati/Indiana, USA. / 2013 Robert S. Donovan (CC BY-NC 2.0 cropped) ISBN: 978-3-948749-00-2 DOI: 10.24352/UB.OVGU-2021-045 PoWiNE Working Paper PoWiNE Working Paper Magdeburger politikwissenschaftliche Beiträge zu Nachhaltigkeit in Forschung und Lehre Band 1 Eine Schriftenreihe der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Fakultät für Humanwissenschaften (FHW), Institut II: Gesellschaftswissenschaften, Lehrstuhl für Politikwissenschaft mit Schwerpunkt Nachhaltige Entwicklung herausgegeben von: Katrin Beer ([email protected]) Michael Böcher ([email protected]) Ulrike Zeigermann ([email protected]) Contested Futures for Energy Transitions Ulrike Zeigermann, Gilles Lepesant, Katrin Beer Hrsg. Impressum Contested Futures for Energy Transitions Herausgeber*innen dieser Ausgabe: Ulrike Zeigermann Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg Gilles Lepesant Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Katrin Beer Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg Verlag: Universitätsbibliothek (UB) Magdeburg Design und Layout: Ulrike Zeigermann ISBN: 978-3-948749-00-2 DOI: 10.24352/UB.OVGU-2021-045 Manuskriptdrucke. Die Autor*innen zeichnen für ihre Beiträge inhaltlich selbstverantwortlich. Die Manuskripte wurden durch die Herausgeberinnen nur redaktionell bearbeitet. Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte
    [Show full text]
  • Konstituierung Eines Industriellen Arbeitsmarktes in Oberschlesien
    Konstituierung eines industriellen Arbeitsmarktes in Oberschlesien Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität zu Köln 2009 vorgelegt von Dipl.-Volksw., Dipl.-Kfm. Michael Jan Kendzia aus Konstanz Referent: Prof. Dr. Toni Pierenkemper Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Ralph Anderegg Tag der Promotion: 5. Februar 2010 Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis ..................................................................................I Abbildungsverzeichnis ....................................................................... III Tabellenverzeichnis ............................................................................ IV Abkürzungsverzeichnis ....................................................................... V 1 Einleitung ....................................................................................... 1 1.1 Zielsetzung und Vorgehensweise der Arbeit ............................................................. 3 1.2 Gegenstand der Untersuchung ................................................................................... 5 1.2.1 Arbeit und Arbeitsmarkt .................................................................................................................. 5 1.2.2 Untersuchungszeitraum und räumliche Abgrenzung .................................................................... 10 1.2.3 Bestimmung der Standortfaktoren ................................................................................................. 17 1.3 Zum Stand
    [Show full text]
  • Making History in High Medieval Styria (1185-1202)—The Vorau Manuscript in Its Secular and Spiritual Context
    Making History in High Medieval Styria (1185-1202)—The Vorau Manuscript in its Secular and Spiritual Context by Jacob Wakelin A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Centre for Medieval Studies University of Toronto © Copyright by Jacob Wakelin 2018 Making History in High Medieval Styria (1185-1202)—The Vorau Manuscript in its Secular and Spiritual Context Jacob Wakelin Doctor of Philosophy Centre for Medieval Studies University of Toronto 2018 Abstract This dissertation focuses on the historical, social, and political context of the Vorau manuscript (Stiftsarchiv Vorau Codex 276), a collection of more than a dozen Middle High German poems from the late eleventh to the mid-twelfth century in addition to Otto of Freising’s Gesta Friderici I. imperatoris. When taken together, the manuscript’s disparate assortment of texts creates a roughly coherent history of the world from Genesis down to about 1160. Compiled by the Augustinian canons of the Styrian house towards the end of the twelfth century under the provost Bernard I, the manuscript references local historical events and individuals that were intimately tied to the region’s monastic houses. The Otakars (1055-1192) and Babenbergs (1192-1246) were the founders and advocates of a large number of the monastic communities, and this dissertation argues that the interplay of interests between the Styrian court and its religious houses forms the backdrop to the Vorau manuscript’s creation. These interests centred on the political legitimacy, social relevance, and stability of both parties that resulted from a monastery’s role in creating a history of a dynasty through commemorative practices and historical writing.
    [Show full text]
  • Carta Lettera A4
    2-2014_geologi 2.06 12.02.15 15:20 Pagina 1 Swiss Bull. angew. Geol. Vol. 19/2, 2014 S. 3-172 Bull. géol. appl. Boll. geol. appl Bull. Appl. Geol. Swiss Bulletin für angewandte Geologie de géologie appliquée di geologia applicata for Applied Geology Inhalt / Sommaire / Contenuto /Contents D. Bollinger Editorial: Fracking – Segen oder Fluch? 3-4 K.M. Reinicke The Role of Hydraulic Fracturing for the Supply of Subsurface Energy 5-17 R. Jung Application and potential of hydraulic-fracturing for geothermal energy production 19-37 P. Reichetseder Clean Unconventional Gas Production: Myth or Reality? – The Role of Well 39-52 Integrity and Methane Emissions S. Liermann Hydraulic Fracturing – Application of Best Practices in Germany 53-64 T. Engelder The Fracking Debate in Europe – An Assessment of the History behind 65-68 the European Bans on Hydraulic Fracturing M. Stäuble Unconventionals in China – Shell’s Onshore Oil and Gas Operating Principles in Action 69-74 R. Wyss Die Erschliessung und Nutzung der Energiequellen des tiefen Untergrundes 75-93 der Schweiz – Risiken und Chancen W. Leu, A. Gautschi The Shale Gas Potential of the Opalinus Clay and Posidonia Shale in Switzerland – 95-107 A First Assessment D. Hartmann, B. Meylan Fracking in der Schweiz aus der Sicht des Grund- und Trinkwasserschutzes 109-113 E. Grosse Ruse Unkonventionelle Gasförderung im Klimaschutz: Teil der Lösung oder 115-122 Teil des Problems? W. Wildi Voraussetzungen zur Nutzung von unkonventionellen Kohlenwasserstoffen 123-128 mit Hilfe von Fracking in der Schweiz P. Burri The Global Impact of Unconventional Hydrocarbons (Hydraulic Fracturing on 129-139 the way to a clean and safe technology).
    [Show full text]
  • The New West German Miniing Law
    Land & Water Law Review Volume 19 Issue 2 Article 1 1984 The New West German Miniing Law Gunther Kuehne Frank J. Trelease Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.uwyo.edu/land_water Recommended Citation Kuehne, Gunther and Trelease, Frank J. (1984) "The New West German Miniing Law," Land & Water Law Review: Vol. 19 : Iss. 2 , pp. 371 - 394. Available at: https://scholarship.law.uwyo.edu/land_water/vol19/iss2/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Law Archive of Wyoming Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Land & Water Law Review by an authorized editor of Law Archive of Wyoming Scholarship. Kuehne and Trelease: The New West German Miniing Law University of Wyoming College of Law LAND AND WATER LAW REVIEW VOLUME XIX 1984 NUMBER2 Federal mining law has long been criticized as cumbersome and Inef- ficient. Although there have been some major reforms, most changes have been piecemeal additions to the Mining Law of 1872. In this article, the new and comprehensive mining law enacted in the Federal Republic of Germany is examined and comparisons are made with American mining law. Professor Trelease discusses the background of American and Ger- man mining law, tracing them to their common ancestry. Dr. Kuehne then examines the new German mining code. As a modem mining code for a major Industrial country, the new West German mining law contains a variety of provisions which provide solutions to a number of problems which persist in American law. THE NEW WEST GERMAN MINING LAW Gunther Kuehne* Frank J.
    [Show full text]
  • Mining Regalia (Bergregal) in Russia and Foreign Countries: a Historic Legal Review of Exclusive Rights of the State
    World Applied Sciences Journal 24 (8): 995-999, 2013 ISSN 1818-4952 © IDOSI Publications, 2013 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wasj.2013.24.08.1127 Mining Regalia (Bergregal) in Russia and Foreign Countries: A Historic Legal Review of Exclusive Rights of the State. Aleksei Sergeevich Emelianov and Olga Grigorievna Larina Southwest State University 94, 50 let Oktyabrya st., 305040 Kursk, Russia Submitted: Aug 1, 2013; Accepted: Aug 29, 2013; Published: Sep 4, 2013 Abstract: The article examines the history of the mining regalia, the emergence and development of mining legislation in Russia and foreign countries. Analyzes the preconditions of formation the institution, features of government industrial domain. Key words: Regalia % Bergregal % Right % Mining % Privilege INTRODUCTION metals or salt either in the lands that belonged to the conferred or in the lands that belonged neither to the right Who shall have the right to be in charge of mineral receiver, nor to the king or duke [4]. resourcesthe surface owner or the State has been the key Thus since ancient times mineral resources have been issue since the history of legal mining regulation started. not in the ownership of landlords, but in possession of supreme rulers in the name of a sovereign. The Beginning of the Mining Regalia in Europe: In In Germany Bergregal reached its prime in Medieval ancient Egypt with its extensive gold, silver and copper times when the right to mine mineral resources was given mining works located along the line of modern in fee by the sovereign to vassals like the right to hunt. 4 Ethiopian-Arab borders the mines used to belong to the These regalia were established after mining tax for the rulers.
    [Show full text]
  • Dokumentvorlage Für Wissenschaftliche Arbeiten
    Christian Beyer On Cartels and Efficiency ISBN 978-3-7376-0971-5 kassel university 9 783737 609715 press Christian Beyer On Cartels and Efficiency kassel university press Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde vom Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaften der Universität Kassel als Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften (Dr. rer. pol.) angenommen. Erster Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Björn Frank Zweiter Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Elke Kottmann Dritter Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Mark Spoerer Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 12. April 2021 Diese Veröffentlichung – ausgenommen Zitate und anderweitig gekennzeichnete Teile – ist unter der Creative-Commons-Lizenz Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.de) lizenziert. Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. Zugl.: Kassel, Univ., Diss. 2021 ISBN 978-3-7376-0971-5 DOI: https://doi.org/doi:10.17170/kobra-202108024463 ©2021, kassel university press, Kassel https://kup.uni-kassel.de Druck und Verarbeitung: Print Management Logistik Service, Kassel Printed in Germany INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Inhaltsverzeichnis ................................................................................................... ii Tabellenverzeichnis ..............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Public Finance [1892]
    The Online Library of Liberty A Project Of Liberty Fund, Inc. Charles F. Bastable, Public Finance [1892] The Online Library Of Liberty This E-Book (PDF format) is published by Liberty Fund, Inc., a private, non-profit, educational foundation established in 1960 to encourage study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals. 2010 was the 50th anniversary year of the founding of Liberty Fund. It is part of the Online Library of Liberty web site http://oll.libertyfund.org, which was established in 2004 in order to further the educational goals of Liberty Fund, Inc. To find out more about the author or title, to use the site's powerful search engine, to see other titles in other formats (HTML, facsimile PDF), or to make use of the hundreds of essays, educational aids, and study guides, please visit the OLL web site. This title is also part of the Portable Library of Liberty DVD which contains over 1,000 books and quotes about liberty and power, and is available free of charge upon request. The cuneiform inscription that appears in the logo and serves as a design element in all Liberty Fund books and web sites is the earliest-known written appearance of the word “freedom” (amagi), or “liberty.” It is taken from a clay document written about 2300 B.C. in the Sumerian city-state of Lagash, in present day Iraq. To find out more about Liberty Fund, Inc., or the Online Library of Liberty Project, please contact the Director at [email protected]. LIBERTY FUND, INC.
    [Show full text]