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Agrár- És Környezetjog Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Law Agrár- és Környezetjog Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Law A CEDR Magyar Agrárjogi Egyesület tudományos közleményei CEDR Hungarian Association of Agricultural Law Évfolyam/Volume XV 2020 No. 29 Impresszum / Disclaimer Kiadja / Published by: CEDR – Magyar Agrárjogi Egyesület / CEDR – Hungarian Association of Agricultural Law H-3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros, A/6. 102., tel: +36 46 565 105 Felelős kiadó / Publisher: Prof. Dr. habil. Csák Csilla PhD, President, [email protected] Felelős szerkesztő / Editor-in-chief: Prof. Dr. habil. Szilágyi János Ede PhD, Head of the Institute, Ferenc Mádl Institute of Comparative Law (Hungary), [email protected] Technikai szerkesztő / Technical editor: Szilágyi Szabolcs dr. jur. & Csirszki Martin Milán dr. jur. Szerkesztők/Editors: BOBVOS Pál PhD (CSc), honorary professor, University of Szeged (Hungary); BULETSA Sibilla PhD, Dr. habil., full professor, Uzhgorod National University (Ukraine); CSÁK Csilla PhD, Dr. habil., full professor, University of Miskolc (Hungary); CIRMACIU Diana PhD, ass. professor, University of Oradea (Romania); DUDÁS Attila PhD, ass. professor, University of Novi Sad (Serbia); FODOR László PhD, Dr. habil., full professor, University of Debrecen (Hungary); HORVÁTH Gergely PhD, ass. professor, University of Győr (Hungary); KURUCZ Mihály PhD, Dr. habil., ass. professor, Eötvös Loránd University (Hungary); MONTEDURO Massimo PhD, ass. professor, University of Salento (Italy); NAGY Zoltán PhD, Dr. habil., head of the Section of Public Law, Ferenc Mádl Institute of Comparative Law (Hungary); NORER Roland PhD, Dr. habil., full professor, University of Luzern (Switzerland); OLAJOS István PhD, ass. professor, University of Miskolc (Hungary); RAISZ Anikó PhD, Minister of State for Administrative Affairs, Ministry of Justice (Hungary). Nemzetközi Szakértői és Lektori Tanács/ International Advisory and Peer Review Board AVSEC Franci PhD, ass. professor, researcher (Slovenia); BANDLEROVÁ Anna PhD, full professor, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra (Slovakia); BATURAN Luka PhD, teaching assistant with PhD, University of Novi Sad (Serbia); FARKAS-CSAMANGÓ Erika PhD, ass. professor, University of Szeged (Hungary); GEORGIEV Minko PhD, ass. professor, Agricultural University in Plovdiv (Bulgaria); HANCVENCL Peter PhD, retired minister plenipotentiary, Austrian embassies in Prague, Bratislava & Warsaw; HORNYÁK Zsófia PhD, lecturer, University of Miskolc (Hungary); HORVÁTH Szilvia PhD, interpreter, Dr. Szilvia Horváth Sprachdienste (Germany); JAKAB Nóra PhD, Dr. habil., full professor, University of Miskolc (Hungary); JOSIPOVIĆ Tatjana PhD, full professor, University of Zagreb (Croatia); MARCUSOHN Victor PhD, university lecturer, Ecological University of Bucharest (Romania); PALŠOVÁ Lucia PhD; ass. professor, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra (Slovakia); PANINA Julia PhD, ass. professor, Uzhgorod National University (Ukraine); PAULOVICS Anita PhD, Dr. habil., full professor, University of Miskolc, PRUGBERGER Tamás PhD (CSc), DSc, DHC, Dr. habil., professor emeritus, University of Miskolc (Hungary); RÉTI Mária PhD, Dr. habil., ass. professor, Eötvös Loránd University (Hungary); SUCHOŃ Aneta PhD, Dr. habil., full professor, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (Poland); TÓTH Hilda PhD, ass. professor, University of Miskolc (Hungary). 3 Német & angol idegen nyelvi lektorok/linguistic proofreaders (German/English): Hornyák Zsófia PhD (German) & Szilágyi Szabolcs dr.jur. (English) All rights reserved. On detailed archiving policy, see: https://ojs3.mtak.hu/index.php/JAEL/archivalasi_politika HU ISSN 1788-6171 DOI prefix: 10.21029/JAEL A folyóirat letölthető / The Journal can be downloaded from: https://ojs3.mtak.hu/index.php/JAEL https://epa.oszk.hu/01000/01040 https://jael.uni-miskolc.hu/ A folyóiratot indexeli / The journal is indexed in: https://www.mtmt.hu/ https://www.proquest.com/ https://www.crossref.org/ https://road.issn.org/ https://home.heinonline.org/ A folyóiratot archiválja / The Journal is archived in: http://real.mtak.hu/ A folyóiratot támogatja a Miskolci Egyetem. The Journal is supported by the University of Miskolc. 4 A tartalomból – Contents BÁNDI Gyula Interests of Future Generations, Environmental Protection and the Fundamental Law - 7 - Sibilla BULETSA Features of circulation of agricultural lands in Ukraine for legal entities - 23 - GEDEON Magdolna Die Rechtslage des Grundbesitzes im Spiegel der Lehre von der Heiligen Krone - 51 - Minko GEORGIEV ‒ Dafinka GROZDANOVA Acquisition and inheritance of agricultural land in Bulgaria - from fragmentation towards consolidation - 66 - Morten HARTVIGSEN ‒ Maxim GORGAN FAO experiences with land market development and land management instruments in Eastern Europe and Central Asia - 85 - HEGYES Péter – VARGA Csaba Fundamental Law pillars of sustainable agriculture - 104 - 5 Artur KUBAJ Legal frame for the succession/transfer of agricultural property between the generations and the acquisition of agricultural property by legal persons – in Poland - 118 - MARINKÁS György The Right to a Healthy Environment as a Basic Human Right – Possible Approaches Based on the Practice of the Human Rights Mechanisms, with Special Regard to the Issues of Indigenous Peoples - 133 - Az egészséges környezethez való jog, mint alapvető emberi jog - Lehetséges megközelítések az egyes emberi jogvédelmi mechanizmusok gyakorlata alapján, különös tekintettel az őslakos népeket érintő kérdésekre - 152 - Esther MUÑIZ ESPADA Particular Rules on the Transfer of the Holding Farm in Spanish Law - 171 - OROSZ Flóra The protection of human rights in connection with working possibilities of special group of employees - 184 - SÁRY Pál The legal protection of environment in ancient Rome - 199 - 6 Gyula Bándi Journal of Agricultural and Interests of Future Generations, Environmental Protection Environmental Law and the Fundamental Law 29/2020 Gyula BÁNDI* Interests of Future Generations, Environmental Protection and the Fundamental Law Abstract The Fundamental Law of Hungary has a special focus on sustainable development, the protection of the interests of future generations and the common heritage of the nation. The ombudsman for future generation is a special and unique institution, responsible for the safeguard of these issues. The primary mission of the ombudsman is to remind the state, including all the state organs and levels, of this task and responsibility, also to propose legislation and to examine individual complaints. In this article we provide a breif overview of those part of the Fundamental Law, which are well-equipped by the decisions of the Constitutional Court. Among others is is clear from the above cases, that everyone has a three-fold obligation towards the interest of the future generation: conservation of options, conservation of quality, and conservation of access. These are supported by the principle of non-derogation and also by the wide interpretation of precautionary principle, in connection with the fundamental right to the environment. Keywords: interests of future generations, right to environment, common heritage of the nation, ombudsman for future generations, non-derogation/non-regression principle 1. The objective The Conference at Miskolc, on 14th February 2020 was focused on a potential? review of the Fundamental Law of Hungary. Although the review is not a close reality, there is no explicit political or legislative will today, it is still worth discussing the idea itself, by exploring questions such as: is it necessary, are there any current trends, is there any use of changes, and so forth. Hence, instead of being a ‘drafting exercise’, the conference actually was tailored to prepare the coming 10th anniversary of the Fundamental Law. The direct focus was agrarian and environmental law, both being significant in Hungary. From among the two subject matters, my interest is dedicated to environmental law, both as a professor, and also as the Ombudsman for Future Generations. As a professor, the constitutional provisions serve as the groundwork for any further studies beyond doubt. As an ombudsman, the provisions of the Fundamental Law – in my specific field mostly in connection with the interests of future generations and also with environmental rights – might be taken as flesh and blood of my activity, serving as the basis of our everyday practice. Gyula Bándi: Interests of Future Generations, Environmental Protection and the Fundamental Law. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Law ISSN 1788-6171, 2020 Vol. XV No. 29 pp. 7-22, https://doi.org/10.21029/JAEL.2020.29.7 * Ombudsman for Future Generations, DSc, PhD, Dr. habil., full professor, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, e-mail: [email protected]. https://doi.org/10.21029/JAEL.2020.29.7 7 Gyula Bándi Journal of Agricultural and Interests of Future Generations, Environmental Protection Environmental Law and the Fundamental Law 29/2020 It is important to note that not only the precise provisions of the legal text are crucial for us, but also the interpretation of the legislative stipulations, more precisely the means and methods of how to translate the relatively brief paragraphs and articles into cases, applying them routinely in our practice. We believe and demonstrate that the Fundamental Law, being at the pinnacle of the Hungarian legal system, is undoubtedly a living organism, providing us guidance in the different fields of law. The provisions of the different parts of the Fundamental Law are actual
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