2898 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 7 Mr. SMITH of Virginia: Committee on the strengthen its provisions providing for the PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS District of Columbia. H. R. 6104. A bill to imposition of import quotas on agricultural authorize the establishment of an educa commodities when imports of such com Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private tional agency for surplus property within modities tend to interfere with price sup bills and resolutions were introduced the government of the District of Columbia, port or other programs administered by the and severally referred as follows: and for other purposes; without amendment Department of Agriculture, to transfer its By Mr. DONOHUE: (Rept. No. 1734). Referred to the Commit administration from the United States Tariff H. R. 7586. A bill to provide for the renewal tee of the Whole House on the State of the Commission to the United States Depart of patent No. 1,750,816, issued March 18, Union. ment of Agriculture, and for other purposes; 1930, relating to curtain confiners; to the Mr. HARRISON: Committee on House Ad to the Committee on Agriculture. Committee on the Judiciary. ministration. House Resolution 503. Resolu By Mr. PERKINS: By Mr. GARY: tion relative to the contested-election case H. R. 7577. A bill to enable the States to H . R. 7587. A bill for the relief of Mrs. of Stevens against Blackney,_Sixth Congres make more adequate provision for special Coral E. Alldritt; to the Committee on the sional District of Michigan; without amend services required for the education of physi Judiciary. cally handicapped children of school age, and ment (Rept. No. 1735). Referred to the House By Mr. KING: Calendar. for other purposes; to the Committee on Education and Labor. H. R. 7588. A bill for the relief of John L. By Mr. STAGGERS: Abbott; to the Committee on the Judiciary. PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS H. R. 7578. A bill to provide a transconti By Mr. McGRATH: H. R. 7589. A bill for the relief of the estate Under clause 3 of rule XXII, public nental superhighway with alternate sections; to the Committee on Public Works. of Willie H. Davis; to the Committee on the bills and resolutions were introduced By Mr. VINSON: Judiciary. and severally referred as follows: H. R. 7579. A bill to extend the Rubber Act By Mr. HARDIE SCOTT: By Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan: of 1948 (Public Law 469, 80th Cong.), and H. R. 7590. A bill for the relief of Michel H. H. R. 7565. A bill to protect the public for other purposes; to the Committee on Frank, Bessie Frank, and Herbert Frank; health, safety, and welfare and the national Armed Services. to the Committee on the Judiciary. security; to the Committee on Education and H. R. 7580. A bill to amend the National Labor. Security Act of 1947, as amended, and for By Mr. CROOK: other purposes; to the Committee on Armed PETITIONS, ETC. H. R. 7566. A bill to provide for the con Services. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions struction of a post office at La Porte, Ind.; By Mr. BURDICK: and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk to the Committee on Public Works. H. R. 7581. A bill to aid the development and referred as follows: H. R. 7567. A bill to provide for the con and maintenance of American-flag shipping struction of a post office at Bremen, Ind.; on the Great Lakes, an_d for other purposes; 1960. By Mrs. NORTON: Petition of New to the Committee on Public Works. to the Committee on Merchant Marine and Jersey Highway Users Conference, urging the H. R. 7568. A bill to provide uniform regu-, Fisheries. · prompt repeal of. Federal automotive excise lations pertaining to the compensation that . By Mr. BURKE: taxes; to the·committee on Ways and Means. retired Federal employees and retired com H. R. 7582. A bill to aid the · development 1961. By the SPEAKER: Petition of Jo missioned officers may receive from a civilian ·and maintenance of American-flag shipping · seph V. McKee, commissioner, Department . office or position- under the Government, on the Great Lakes, and for other purposes; of Commerce, City of New York, N. Y., urg and for other purposes; to the Committee to the. Committee on Merchant Marine and ing approval of appropriation for New York on Post Office and Civil Service: Fisheries. -Harbor improvements during the fiscal year By Mr. DONOHUE: By Mr. SABATH: 1950-51; to the Committee on Appropria H. R. 7569. A bill to repeal the Federal ex H. R. 7583. A bill to extend for 1 year the tions. cise taxes on pistols and revolvers, and on Housing and Rent Act of 1947, as amended; 1962. Also, petition of ·Charles E. -Brown firearms, shells, and cartridges; to the Com to the Committee on Banking and Currency. and others. Lake Worth, Fla., requesting mittee on Ways and Means. By Mr. HEBERT: passage of House bills .2135 and 2136, known By Mr. FEIGHAN: H. R. 7584. A bill 'to amend the Mineral as the Townsend plan; to the Committee H. R. 7570. A bill to provide for the ap Leasing Act for Acquired Lands to require on Ways and Means. · pointment of one additional district judge competitive bidding for leases of deposits of 1963. Also, petition of Ola M. Fleming and for the northern district of Ohio; to the oil and gas not within any known geologlc;al others, -St. Cloud, Fla., requestfng passage - Committee on the Judiciary. structure of a producing oil or gas field; to of House bills 2135 and 2136, known as the By Mr. GOODWIN: the Committee on Public Lands. Townsend plan; to the Committee on Ways H. R. 7571. A bill to amend the Internal By Mr. WITHROW: and Means. Revenue Code so that the taxes imposed H. R. 7585. A bill to amend section 1404?of 1964. Also, petition of Mrs: Olive Card and under the Federal old-age and survivors in title 28, United States Code, with respect to others, St. Petersburg, Fla., requesting . pas surance system will not be imposed on ac the transfer of certain civil actions from one sage of House bills 2135 and 2136, known as count of service performed by individuals district to another; to the Committee on tlie the Townsend plan; to the Committee on who have attained the age of 65; to the Com Judiciary. Ways and Means. mittee ·on Ways and Means. By Mr. McKINNON: 1965. Also, petition of Mrs. Hilda M. Mc By Mr. HAYS of Ohio: . H.J. Res. 434. Joint resolution providing Donald and others, St. Petersburg, Fla., ·re. H. R. 7572. A bill relating to the transfer for recognition and endorsement of the Cal questing passage of House bills 2135 and 2136, of certain unused educational benefits of ifornia World Progress Exposition; to the known as the Townsend plan; to the com veterans of World War II to their children, Committee on Foreign Affairs. mittee on Ways and Means. and for other purposes; to the Committee 1966. Also, petition of Mrs. Mae Clayton on Veterans' Affairs. By Mr. SMITH of Virginia: H. J. Res. 435. Joint resolution providing and others, Tampa, Fla., requesting passage By Mr. LECOMPTE: of House bllls 2135 and 2136, known as the H. R. 7573. A bill to amend the National for a commission to investigate strikes and other interruptions of work in industries Townsend plan; to the Committee on Ways ity Act of 1940 to preserve the nationality of and Means. naturalized veterans of World War II and essential · to the national welfare, and for of their wives, minor children, and depend other purposes; to the Committee on Educa ent parents; to the Committee on the Ju tion- and Labor. diciary. By Mr. MADDEN: By Mr. MARSHALL: H. Res. 501. Resolution creating a select H. R. 7574. A bill to authorize the Recon committee to conduct. an investigation and struction Finance Corporation to extend study of the apparent break-down under the TUESDAY, MARCH 7, 1950 financial assistance to private enterprises for Labor Management Relations Act, 1947, of purposes of development of utilization of good-faith collective bargaining in labor Jiecting retired civil A-4874684, Bailey, William Nathaniel. employees; to the Committee on Post Office Mr. KILGORE. Mr. President, I am A-6447786, Ba.lot, Francisco. and Civil Service. in receipt of telegrams from H. L. A-5067439, Barker Ethel (nee Beesley). The petition of Beatrix Faust, Martha C. Mitchell, president of the National Farm A-4084313, Barton, Beatrice Ethel Gwen- Porch, and Lynne P. Townsend, c.f Wellfleet, Labor Union, AFL, Washington, D. C., dolyn (nee Linton, formerly Demarest). Mass., enclosing a resolution adopted at a and Keith Larzelere, Schoolcraft, Mich., A-6790371, Basa.row, Eduard. town meeting of the citizens of Wellfleet, A-1670554, Boikos, Alexandros, or Aleck or favoring the enactment of legislation to pro chairman of the Kalamazoo County Alex Boikos. vide the necessary funds for the dredging Center for Displaced Persons, Kalama A-6920650, Borowicz, Jeannine, or Jeanine of a channel and mooring basin in the h arbor zoo, Mich., relating to displaced persons Borowiecz. of Wellfleet; to the Commit tee on Public legislation. I ask that the telegrams A-6200606, Bradley, Dominga (nee Hipo Works. be and appropriately referred and lito). printed in the RECORD. A-4198712, Brodauf, Lina Agnes (nee Poh EXTENSION OF SOCIAL SECURITY LAW ler). CONCURR.ENT RESOLUTION OF NEW There being no objection, the tele A-4812080, Brokos, Georgios or George. YORK LEGISLATURE grams were ordered to lie on the table A-4668883, Candela, Providenza. (nee and to be printed in the RECORD, as fol Fraser). Mr. iVES. Mr. President, I present for lows: appropriate reference and ask unani A-6838464, Camarena-Limon, Pedro, or WASHINGTON, D. C., March 1, 1950. Jose or Pedro Kliman. mous consent to have printed in the body Sena tor HARLEY M. KILGORE, A-4545624, Campbell, Allan George. of the RECORD, following these remarks, . Senate Office Building, A-5618539, Candela, Filippo, or Vincenzo the text of a concurrent resolution re Washington, D. C.: Di Bella or Phillip· Candela. cently adopted by the New York State National Farm Labor Union, AFL, fully A-4668883, Candela, Providenza (nee Legislature memorializing the Congress endorses provisions substitute bill offered Providenza Di Bella) . of the United States to exclude members to liberalize Displaced Persons Act of 1948 A-6268383, Caracostis, Evangelos. of the retirement systems within the in line witt. policy of American Federation A-6227082, Cardaris, Catherine or Kath- State of New York from pending provi of Labor on this subject. erine (nee Glavas) . H. L. MITCHELL, A-6688784, cazabon, John Charles. sions of the social-security law. President. A-6868119, Chavez-Perez, Venancio. The concurrent resolution was re A-5959131, Christian, Hilda Juanita. f erred to the Committee on Finance, and, A-3134485, Christoff, Stoina. under the rule, ordered to be printed in KALAMAZOO, MICH., February 28, 1950. A-7632246, Chung, Sylvia Ssu-Yi Liang, or the RECORD, as follows: Senator HARLEY KILGORE, Sylvia Chang nee Liang or Chang Liang Ssu Senate Office Building, Yi or Ssu-Yi Liang or Chung. Senate Resolution 114 Washington, D. C.: A-6172766, Collios, Hariklia, or Ha.riklia Concurrent resolution of t he senate and as The executive committee of the Kalamazoo Gallinis or Hariklia Pappanicolaou. sembly memorializing the Congress of the County Center for Displaced Persons urges · A-6489042, Connell, Dalia Philomene, or United States to exclude members of re your support of committee minority report Dalia or Dahlia Magetti. tirement systems within the St ate from on H. R. 4567 supported by Senator FERGU• A-3208736, Coray, Claudine Helene (nee pending provisions extending the social SON. Wiesma.nn) . security law KEITH LARZELERE, A-6754556, Crisan, John George Julius, or Whereas there is now pending before the Schoolcraft, Mich., Chairman, Kala loan Gheorghe Iuliu Orison. Congress of the United States certain legis mazoo Center for Displaced Per A-6700029, Cristobal, Juan Urbino, or lation to extend the provisioru; of law, com sons. Johnny or Chris Cristobal. monly referred to as the social-security law, REPORTS OF A COMMl'rTEE A-4034158, Crovetto, Andrea, or Andrew to include all public employees in the United Crovetto. States including public empoyees of the var Th'e following reports of a committee A-6838471, Cruz, Guillermo. ious cities and the governmental subdivisions were submitted: A-6817782, Cruz-Ortega, Narcizo. of such States; and By Mr. McCARRAN, from the Committee A- 3919865, De Caballero, Luisa Guerra. Whereas in the State of New York pension on the Judiciary: A-4988558, De Carpio, Teresa Torralva, or and ret irement systems have been estab S. 2872. A bill to amend the War Claim1 Teresa Falson or Teresa Falcon Zamora or lished for many years and are available for Act of 1948, as amended; with an amend Teresa Torralva or Teresa Torra.Iva De membership by every public employee of the ment (Rept. No. 1323). Zamora. State, or its various subdivisions; and ' By Mr. WILEY, from the Committee on A-3016147, De Luca, Stanislao, or Stanley Whereas under the constitution of the the Judiciary: De Luca. State of New York all such public employees, S. 2443. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Geor A-7626818, De McClure, Griselda, Jaimes. notably policemen, firemen, and public gette Ponsard; without amendment (Rept. A-4518876, Discart, Marie Morren. school teachers who are members of any such No. 1324). A-2530651, Dmitrasinovich, Stojan Bude, pension or retirement system within the or Steve Demitrich. Stat e, enjoy a contractual relationship under SUSPENSION OF DEPORTATION OF A-5735677, De Duarte, Adela Leon. which t heir rights cannot be diminished or CERTAIN ALIENS A-6768535, Duggan, Linda Jane Rosa. impaired: Now, therefore, be it A-3948402, Dunne, Hop Hee. Resolved (if the assembly concur), That Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, A-6688424, Ebanks, George Robert. the Congress of the United States hereby from the Committee on the Judiciary, A-6455581, Eugenios, Markos. respectfully is memorialized to exclude from I report an original concurrent resolu A-6482570, Farkas, Armin. · the provisions of such pending legislation tion, favoring the suspension of depor A-6743248, Farnes, George Theodore, or members of the police departments, fire de tation of certain aliens, and I submit a George T. Farnes. partments, public-school teachers, and. all report Expenditur.es Sc_HEDUI.Jl: !.-:--Citizens Committee on Dis . Contribu ~ xpendl· . (4)· The name ·and address of each person placed . Pl}rspns,_ pay-roll and travel ex tions · tun'is to. whom an expenditure in one or more penses, Oct. 1 to D_ec. 31, ~949:-Continued ite;ms of the aggregate amount or value Quarter ending-Con. · within the calendar year, of $l0 or more ha~ Name and address Pay roll Travel June 30, 1948_ ------$122, 645. go $136, 959. 32 Sept. 30, 1948 ______34, 484. 86 30, 356. 97 been made by or on behalf of such person, .Dec. 31, 1948 __ ------30, 468. 00 28, 336. 75 and the amount, date, and purpose of such Bert Lind Samalman, 155 West M ar. 31, 1949 ______74, 852. 84 80, 537. i5 expenditure: 20th St., New York ______$1, 074. 29 $61.40 Junf> 30, 1949_ ------66, 391. 48. 61, 075. 08 ( 4-) Schedule 1: Amount Helen .A. Shuford, 2909 Olive Ave. Sept. 30, 1949. ______42, 680. 50 44. 758. 91 Pay rolL ______NW:., Washington, D. c______1, 278. 85 440. 00 Dec. 31. 1949______33, 601. 00 36, 437. 58 · Travel ______$11,053.53 Peggy Ward, 138 E ast 38th St., 1-~~~- 1 -~~~- 4,449.27 New York------~---:----~-----: · 2.55. 78 TotaL______956, 58 1. ':7 L.55, 499.87 11, 0_53. 53 4, 449. 27 Total ------. 15, 502 ..80 OFFICE OF THE CLERK, Schedule .2: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Expenses------~---~--~--- 20,934.78 Washington, D. d., Janua_ry 10, 1950. ~~i: ~ fr~~f!~~==~======~====:======$l~: ~n~ CITIZENS COMMITTEE ON DISPLACED PERSONS,. . Total sum of expendi~ Total pay roll and trave L----~------15, 502. 80 - New York, N. Y. · · tutes reported under Schedule . 2~itizen_s' Cof!tmi.ttee.on.Displaced DEAR Sm: Receipt is acknowledged of your (4)------~----~----- ~- 3~437,58 Pe_r_so_ns expense_s, Oct. 1, to D-e c. 31, 1949 · - quarterly statement (Form A) of receipts . ( 5) The total sum of all expenditures made by- or . on behalf of such person during the Academy Phbto Off~et :i:n~ .• 15 ·E::t;t · - · · and expenditures· for the period ended De 22d St., New York Cit y, stenog~ cember 31, 1949, filed in this office pursuant calendar year and not stated . under para graph (4): raphy,mimeographing,printing_ $103. 00 to the Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act. Acme Newspictures, Inc., 461 8th Very truly yours, (5)------Total sum of expendf------Ave., · New York City, publicity RALPH R. ROBERTS, services and expenses______2_2. 44 · Clerk of the House of Representatives. tures reported under Addressing Machinery & Equ ~ p (5)------(6) The total sum of expenditures tnade ment Co., 29 E. 2_2d St., New FORM A by or on behalf of such ·person during the Y~rk: City, stationery a:p.d sup- calendar year: plles______3. 17 (To be filed quarterly with the Clerk of the T. Atkins Express & Van Co., ·862 House of -Representatives only} Amount $36,437.58 1st Ave., ·New Yorlt City, freight DETAILED STATEMENT To BE ·FILED, IN DUPLI (6} ----- ~ ------~------and express______. 79 ·cATE, WITH THE CLERK OF THE HOUSE OF Total sum of expendi- tures reported under Lillian Baral, 9850 67th Ave., For- REP.RESENTATIVES UNDER THE LOBBYING Ac;:_T .est Hills, N. Y., publicity services (6)-- ~ ------· ---- 36,437.58 (Public Law 601, 79th Cong.) Total sum of expendi and expenS"es ------~--- 264. 15 .Name: Citizens ·Committee on Displaced tures reported in previ Bell Messenge:.- S e. r_vic~ •. 152. West -42d St., New York City, _mes- ous statement_~~----- 186, 371. 74 Persons. senger service______119.26 Business address: 303 Lexington Avenue, Benedict & ·Benedict, 99 John St., New York. . Grand total of all ex- . pep.ditures to date of New York City, insurance_ _.:,____ it. 81 · STATEMENTS TO BE FILED WITH CLERK OF HOUSE filing for calendar year_ 222, 809. 32 AHen T . . Burns, 336 No.rthlawn, qr additional space is required, the informa- East Lans~ng, Mich., travel ex- tion may be attached) · (b) 1:he statements required to be filed by penses~---· ------'------766. 49 subsect10n (a) shall be cumulative during (a) Every person receiving any contribu Chesapeake & ... Potomac Tel. Co., the calendar year to which they reiate, but. 723 13th St. NW., Washington, .ti~ns or expending any money _for the pur where there has been no cha~ge in an item poses designated in subparagraph (a) or (b) D. C., telephone .and telegraph __ · 202.95 · reported in a previous statement only the C()llector of Int ernal Revenue, 110 of section 307 shall file with the Clerk al?-ount need be carried forward. between the first and tenth day of each E::tst 45th ·St., New York City, calendar quarter, a statement containing pay-roll taxes______171. 23 complete as of the day preceding the date of · OATH OF PERSON FILING Corr: p:> Stat. Service, 220 West 42d S t., New York City, stenography, fi~ing- State of New York, mimeographing, printing______1. 02 · Contributions · County of New York, ss: Consolidated Press Clipping Bu I, William S. Bernard, being. duly sworn, · ( 1) The name and iJ,ddress of ea<;:h person . reau, 431 . South Dea~born St., w;ho has made a contribution of $500 or more depose (affirm) and say that the foregoing Chicago, Ill:, books, newspap~rs, · not mentioned in the preceding report; ex has been examined by me and to the best of . magazines ______.______933. 80 cept that the first report · filed pursuant to my knowledge and belfef is a true, correct, Dupli-Kate Service, 1740 . K St. this title shall co.ntain the name and ad and complete· declaration. · · NW., Washington; D. C., stenog WILLIAM s. BERNA~D. dress of each person who has made any ~on :ra:pny, mimeogr_aphing, pr~nt- tribution of $500 or more to such person ·subscribed and sworn to· (affirmed) before , ing______. 2. _32 · since the effective date of this title: · me this 6th day of January A. D. 1950. . . Mary Allen Edge, 616 West 116th I LYDIA CONSTANTINO, - (1) St., New York Ci~y-, stenography, Notary Public, State of New York. mimeographing, printing______130. 00 . (2) The total sum of the contribution Eight & Sixteen MM Films, Inc., made to or for such person ·during the cal SCHEDULE ! ...:_Citizens Committee on Dis 630 9th Ave:; New· York City, endar year and not stated under paragraph placed .Persons, pay-roll and travel ex . pu.blicity services and expen::;es_ 1~6. 00 (1) : . penses, Oct. 1_to Dec. 31, 1949 Leila Fleisher, 35_38 W Place NW., Amount Washington, D. C., stenography (2)------~------~3,601.00 Name and addre~ . Pay roll Travel . mimeographing, printing __ .:_.,...:_ ·24: 71 ~~~~~~~~~~~~-1 Graphtc · syridic~te ,- I11c ·., 280 Madi• Total sum of contributions son· Ave., New York City, stenog- reported under (2) ----- 3, 60L 00 William s. Bernard, 14 East soth · raphy, mimeographing; print- ·St:, New York ______: __ $2, 505. oo $3, 283. 79 · , ing ______.:.._____ . 424. 10 · (3) The total sum of all contril:lutions Hanni.Blumenfeld, 310 West 97th made to or for .such person during the _cal St., New York______827. 99 64 56 Gunn-Mears Advertising Co., endar_ year: Edwin H. Brown, 6745-1 19oth · · . Times Tower, New York Ci.ty, Amount Lane, Fresh Meadows, N. Y ~"-- 20. 20 . publicity services and expenses_ . 78. 40 . (3) ___. __ _;_.;. ______.. $33; 601. 00 . Hugh E. Carstensen, 324 East 48th St., New York ______: ______604. 92 29. 48 Ann Palm~r Haynes, 360 East 50th Leila Fleisher, 3538 W Pl. NW., St., New York City, stenography, - Total sum of · contribu Washington, D. C______258. 07 7. 75 mimeographing, printing______24.17 - Elizabeth Gardiner, 1005 Battle- tions reported under field Dr., Nashville, T enn______155. 77 43. 53 . Hooven Letters, Inc., 352 4th Ave., (3)------33,601.00 Gladys Y. Goldberg, 2320 4lst St. New York City, stenography, Total. sum of contribu- NW., Washington, D. C ______155. 06 4. 80_ . mimeograph,ing, prin,ting______2,03 . 94 tions reported in pre-_ Selma Edith Jerskey, 302 We8t Tadeusz N. Hudes, 112-15 72d Rd., 86th St., New York:------~- 886. 71 9. 90 vious statement ______183,924.82 E.mily Lehan, 360 East 60th St., Forest Hills~ N. Y., publicity New York __ ------1, 224. 70 479. 09 · services and expenses______667. 9.9 May · McKinsey, 900 West End Grand total of all con- Ave. , New. York ______1, 281.19 24.97 International ·Office ·.Appliances, tributions to date of Thelma Plafker, 285 Albany Ave., · 29 East 22d St., New York City, filing for calendar year_ 217, 525. 82 Brooklyn, N. y ______.___ :__ 525. 00 - rentals .of equipmenL______. - 45. 00 · 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· SENATE 2905 Curtis E. Johnson, 4619A South 'l'ru-Rite, Inc., 116 Broad Street, (2) the total sum of the contributions 56th st.. Arlington, Va., counsel · New York City, stationery and made to Qr for such person during the cal fees and expenses ______$1,500.34 supplies------$6.18 endar year and not stated under paragraph La Salle Letter Co., 45 White St., United States Recording Co., 1121 (1); New York City, stenography, Vermont Avenue, NW., Wash- (3) the total sum of all contributions mimeographing, printing______2, 152. 08 1ngton, D. C., publicity service made to or for such person during the cal William T. Lazar, 360 East 55th St., and expenses______46.00 endar year; New York City, publicity serv- University of Ill1nois, Urbana, Ill., ( 4) the name and address of each person ices and expenses______84. 80 books, news, magazines______3. 62 to whom an expenditure in one or more Edward H. Leftwich, 53 Stratford Wa111e Warren & Associates, 131 items of the aggregate amount or value, Ave., Garden City, L. I., pub- West 2d Street, Reno, Nev., within the calendar year, of $10 or more licity services and expenses___ 194. 62 field counsel fees and expenses_ 3, 110. 74 has been made by or on behalf of such per Lincoln Warehouse Corp., 1195 3d Washington (D. G.) Unemploy- son, and the amount, date, and purpose of Ave., New York City, freight and ment Insurance Fund, Washing- such expenditure; express------21.68 ton, D. C., pay roll taxes______27. 94 (5) the total sum of all expenditures made Manhattan Letter Co., 45 Astor Pl,. The Washington Post, Washing- by or on behalf of such. person during the New York City, stenography, ton, D. C., books, news, mag- calendar year and not stated under para mimeographing, printing______222. 12 azines______.25 graph (4); Meco Press, 4 East 45th St., New Western Union Telegraph Co., 60 (6) The total sum of expenditures made York City, stationery and sup- Hudson Street, New York City, by or on behalf of such person during the plies------832.37 telegrams and cables _____ L____ 1, 428. 64 calendar year. · The Menorah Journal, 63 5th Ave., Wholesale Typewriter Co., 155 6th (b) The statements required to be filed New York City, books, news, Avenue, New York City, rentals by subsection (a) shall be eumulative dur magazines______1.50 and repairs------86. 68 ing the calendar year to which they relate, May McKinsey, New York City, Hubert Wilke II, 32 Portland Place, but where there has been no change in an petty cash expenses------92.94 Yonkers, N. Y., publicity service item reported in a previous statement only National social Welfare As· and expenses______20.00 the amount need be carried forward. sembly, Inc., 1790 Broadway, WOR Program Service, Inc., 1440 STATEMENT PRESERVED FOR 2 YEARS New York City, books, news, Broadway, New York City, pub- licity service and expenses _____ • 841. 88 SEC. 306. A statement required by this title magazines------1.20 to be filed with the Clerk- New York State Unemployment ( a) shall be deemed properly fl.led when Insurance Fund, Albany, N. Y., Total------20,934.78 pay roll taxes ______.:. 203. 23 deposited in an established post office within the prescribed time, duly stamped, registered, New York Telephone Co., box 222, ExTRACTS FROM FEDERAL REGULATIONS 01' and directed to the Clerk of the House of Station 0, New York City, tele- Representatives of the United States, Wash 39 LoB°BYING ACT · phone and telegraph______1, 806. ington, D. C., but in the event it is not re Oram and Rich, 8 West 40th DETAILED ACCOUNTS OF CONTRIBUTIONS ceived, a duplicate of such statement shall Street, New York City, publicity SEC. 303. (a) It shall be the duty of every be promptly filed upon notice by the Clerk service and expenses______500. 00 person who shall in any manner solicit or of its nonreceipt; · Packers Press, 209 West 38th receive a contribution to any organization (b) shall be preserved by the Clerk for a. Street, New York City, stenog or fund for the purposes hereinafter desig period of 2 years from the date of filing, shall raphy; mimeographing, print- nated to keep a detailed and exact account ing______137.70 constitute part of the public records of his of- office, and shall be open to public inspection. Permacam Co .. 1 Bond Street, New (1) all contributions of any amount or of York City, stationery and sup- any value whatsoever; PERSONS TO WHOM APPLICABLE plies------7. 67 (2) the name and address of every person SEC. 307. The provisions of this title shall Pine Hill Crystal Spring Water, making such contribution of $500 or more apply to any person (except a political com 132d Street and Brook Avenue, and the date thereof; mittee as defined in the Federal Corrupt Bronx, N. Y .. water------14. 57 (3) all expenditures made by or on behalf Practices Act, and duly organized State or Pitney-Bowes, Inc., Walnut and of such organization or fund; and local committees of a political party), who by Pacific Streets, Stamford, Conn., ( 4) the name and address of every person himself, or through any agent or employee stationery and supplies______• 31 to whom any such expenditure is made and or other persons in any manner whatsoever, Postmaster, New York, New York directly or indirectly, solicits, collects, or City, postage______200.00 the date thereof. . receives money or any other thing of value John Ralph, 494 Hudson Street, (b) It shall be the duty of such person to be used principally to aid, or the princi New York City, literary services_ 204. 50 to obtain and keep a receipted bill, stating pal purpose of which person is to aid, in the Rapid Messenger Service, 480 Lex- the particulars, for every expenditure of such accomplishment of any of the folloWing ington Ave.. New York City, funds exceeding $10 in amount, and to pre purposes: messenger service______12. 90 serve all receipted bills and accounts re (a) The passage or defeat of any -1egisla Rialto Service Bureau, Inc., 1501 quired to be kept by this section for a period, tion by the Congress of the United States. of at lea.st 2 years from the date of the filing (b) To influence, directly or indirectly, Broadway, New York Clty, of the statement containing such items. stenography, mimeographing, the passage or defeat of any legislation by printing______61.40 RECE!Pl'S FOR CONTRIBUTIONS the Congress of the United States. Riddell Realty Co., 1742 K Street SEC. 304. Every individual who receives a REPORTS AND STATEMENTS TO BE MADE UNDER NW., Washington, D. C., rent, contribution of $500 or more for any of the OATH $135; telephone, $5------140. 00 purposes hereinafter designated shall within SEC. 309. All reports and statements re Emil Rosenberg, 25 Charles Street, 5 day~ after receipt thereof rendered to the quired under this title shall be made under New York City, field counsel fees person or organization for which such con and expenses ______1,928.76 oath, before an officer authorized by law to tribution was received a detailed account administer oaths. Royal Typewriter Co., Inc., 2 Park thereof, including the name and address of Avenue, New York City, clean- the person making such contribution and PENALTIES ing, maintenance, and repairs__ 2. 25 the date on which received. SEC. 310. (a) Any person who violates any Alexander Samalman, 155 West· STATEMENTS TO BE FILED WITH CLERK OF HOUSE of the provisions of this title, shall, upon 20th St., New York City, literary conviction, be guilty of a misdemeanor, and SEC. 305. (a) Every person receiving any services------~~----~------20.00 shall be punished by a fine of not more than Shelburne Hotel, 303 Lexington contributions or expending any money for $5,000 or imprisonment for not more than Ave., New York City, rent______1, 100. 41 the purposes designated in sUbparagraph (a) 12 months, or by both such fine and Miscellaneous expenses______21. 13 or (b) of section 307 shall file with the imprisonment. Helen Shuford, 2909 Olive Avenue clerk between the first and tenth day of each (b) In addition to the penalties provided NW., Washington, D. C., field calendar quarter, a statement containing for in subsection (a), any person convicted counsel fees and expenses______503. 55 complete as of the day next preceding the of the misdemeanor specified therein is pro Sound Masters, Inc., 165 West 46th date of filing- hibited, for a period of 3 years from the date Street, New York Cit_y, publicity . ( 1) the name and address of each person of such conviction, from . attempting to in service and expenses______102. 00 who has made a. contribution of $500 or more fluence, directly or in~rectly, the passage Superintendent of Documents, not mentioned in the preceding repor~; ex:. or defeat of any proposed legislation or from Washington, D. c .. books, news, cept that the first report filed pursuant to . appearing before a committee of the Con magazines______17.78 this. title shall contain the name and ad gress in support of or opposition to proposed Telanserphone, Inc., 224 East 38th dress of each person who h~s made any legislation; and any person who violates any Street, New York City, tele- contribution of $500 or more to such person provision of this subsection shall, upon con phone and telegraph______40. 95 since the effective date of this title; viction thereof, be guilty of a felony, and 1906 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 7 shall be puni~~e!J. by .a fi~e of not more than by preparing our rural youth to believe in A figure for lynchings approximately thia $10,000, '51' iintsrisohmerit of not more than and take an active part in the free enter size h as been widely used on _the Soviet radio 5 years, or by both such fine and imprison prise system. The fact that we have literally in discussions of the United States, but no ment. millions of competent, resourceful young further attribution to you has been noticed. EXEMPTION people, is our best possible insurance for If we may be of further assistance, please SEC. 311. The provisions of this title shall strength and safety in a modern world. call at any time. I am, not apply to practices or activities regulated Today, more than ever before, in this Sincerely yours, py the Federai Oorrupt Practices Act nor be · period of post war adjustment,. the eyes of RICHARD M. SCAMMON, '10nstrued as repealing any portion of said the nations of the world are turned toward Chief, Div ision of Research for Europe, Federal Corrupt Practices Act. youth for the leadership of tomorrow. Office of Int elligence Reset1rch. 4- H Club training is playing an impor BETTER LIVING FOR BETTER WORLD t ant part in preparing our young people for SHIPMENT OF ARMS TO ARAB STATES THEME OF 4-H CLUBS-STATEMENT OF this leadership. Mr., MORSE. Mr. President, I ask SENATOR DARBY I am certain that my colleagues in the unanimous consent to have printed in Senate join me in extending their best wishes the body of the RECORD a letter which I Mr. DARBY. Mr. President, this week for continuing success of the 4-H Club ls National 4-H Club Week throughout program. have received from Mrs. Ben Rosenfeld, the Nation. The 1950 theme of the 4-H chairman of the Portland Zionist Coun Clubs is "Better Living for a Better LYNCHING IN AMERICA-LETTER FROM cil, along with a statement in regard to World." nICHARD M. SCAMMON TO SENATOR the report of the Christian Fact-Finding I ask unanimous consent to have in MORSE Mission on Jerusalem. serted in the body of the RECORD a state Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, on There being no objection, the letter ment I have made in recognition of the March 1 of this year I received a letter and statement were ordered to be printed 4-H Clubs of the United State ~ . from Mr. Richard M. Scammon, Chief, in the RECORD, as follows: There being no objection, the state Division of Research for Europe, Office PORTLAND, OREG., February 18, 1950. ment was ordered to be printed in the of Intelligence Research, Department of The Honorable WAY~E L. MORSE, RECORD, as follows: State, calling my attentiQn to a series of · United St ates Senator , vicious Communist lies which have been Senate Office Bui lding, BETTER LIVING FOR A BETl'ER WORLD Washington, D. C. (By Senator HARRY DARBY, of Kansas) circulated by Pravda, and apparently DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I am writin,g this The week of March 4-12 has been desig broadcast over the Russian radio to vari letter to you as chairman of the Portland nated as National 4-H Club Week. The 1950 ous parts of Europe. One of the lies was Zionist Council, which represents all Zion theme of the 4-H Clubs of the Nation is, that "mass Negro pogroms" has occurred ist groups in the city of Portland; with a. "Better Living for a Better World." in the United States, th'1.t is, lynching of total membership in excess of two thousand. It is fitt ing that national recognition be Negroes. According to Mr. Scammon's The Zionist Council has requested me to given to the aims and achievements Of this letter, Pravda is reported to have stated: call your att ention to two matters which great organization. We are all familiar with we feel are of paramount importance. the work of the 4-H Clubs in our respective An even more significant figure was named One is concerned with the shipment of communities and have individually lauded by Senator MoRsE who declared. in. one of arms to the Arab states by Great Britain, the work of our rural youth as members of his speeches that there were 530 cases of ostensibly ·for · security purposes. The sec these clubs. lynching in the United States of America in ond is concerned with the proposed inter Observance of National 4-H Club Week is a 1948. nationalization of portions _of the city and Nation-wide program with nearly 2,00Q,000 Mr. President, I want to inform the Jerusalem ·and nearby Holy Places. - boys and girls participating. Since the in Senate that at no time has the Senator It seems incredible that such armaments ception of the program there have been ap as jet planes, heavy tanks, submarines and proximately 10,000,000 members who have from Oregon ever made any such state destroyers, all of which are being supplied benefited materially from 4-H Club training ment. In fact at no time has the Sena to the Arabs, are intended for peaceful use and have since taken their places as leading tor from Oregon in any speech in recent and not for aggressive warfare. We do not citizens in their respective communities. years even discussed the subject of lynch believe that such Arab rearmament will 4-H Club work fosters development of in ing. That is a typical Communist prop serve the interests of peace in the Middle dividual abilities and capacities for learn aganda lie, which ought to be fair warn East. Even more alarming is Secretary of ing, intellectual and moral character, and ing to the American people of the tech State Acheson's statement of January 15 in effective leadership. reply to Congressman JAVITS, tacitly approv To prepa,re tomorrow's citizens physically, niques used by Communists the world ing such action on the part of Great Brit;. mentally, and spiritually, this program pro around to undermine freedom wherever ain. As you well know, the Arab nations vides opportunites for · participation in pro they find it, and to undermine men who have continuously indicated their intention grams through which rural boys and girls stand for the protection of American of renewing hostilities, whenever circum are- principles of freedom. stances become favorable. -we cannot help 1. Developing talents for greater useful ' Mr. President, I ask unanimous con but feel, therefore, that our State Depart ness. sent that the letter may be printed at ment's official approval of such rearmament 2. Joining with friends for work, fun, and this point in the body of the RECORD. will encourage, if not serve as justification fellowship. for, open aggression on the part of the Arabs: 3. Learning to live in a changing world. There being no objection, the letter It is imperative that prompt action be 4. Choosing a way to earn a living. was ordered to be printed in the 'RECORD, taken to stop immediately any further ship 5. Producing food and fiber for home and as follows: · ment of arms to the Arabs. It would seem market. DEPARTMENT OF STATr:, that a clear, positive and unequivocal state 6. Creating better homes for better living. Washington, March 1, 1950. ment of policy by the United States in oppo 7. Conserving nature's resources for secu The Honorable WAYNE MoRsE, sition to Great Britain's activities in this rity and happiness. United States Senate. regard and insistence on immediate stop 8. Building health for a strong America. MY DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Referring to our page of further arms shipments is absolutely 9. Sharing responsibilities for ·community telephone conversation this morning, your essential to prevent the recurrence of open bnprovements. name was mentioned in the issue of Pravda hostilities between the Arab states and 10. Serving as citizens in maintaining for January 26, 1950. In an article on Ameri Israel. Unless their effective rearmament is world peace. can elections Korionov, a specialist in slander prevented, open warfare will sooner or later Farm girls and boys, through this program, against the United States, alluded to mass be precipitated by the Arab nations. are brought into intimate contact with all Negro pogroms and claimed that only one The internationalization of any territory the interwoven problems of home and com Negro in a hundred voted. Korionov contin in and about Jerusalem is unnecessary to the munity living. ued in this Pravda item in this vein: accomplishment of the objectives urged by The club meeting, the club program, t !:e "The American Society for Struggle Against the United Nations in support of such pro public team demonstration, the judging Lynching stated that in the year following posal. What is really desired is the safe work, the recreational and social feature3 of the defeat of Japan there were in the United guarding of the Holy Places and insuring club work, and the broad contacts with States of America 41 cases of lynching of universal accessibility to them. The estab other organizations in the comm-unity are Negroes. An even more significant figure lishment of a United Nations Commission all planned to help young people to become was named by Senator MORSE, who declared without territorial sovereignty would appear good citizens. in one of his speeches that there were 530 to be a much more desirable means of attain Such an organization plays an extremely cases of lynching in the United States of ing these object ives. This is the recom important part in our American way of life, America in 1948." mendation of a fact-finding mission of 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 2907 ChriStian leaders and spokesmen, composed [From the American Christian Palestine of the United Nations Assembly decision. of well-known leaders of various Protestant Committee, New York, N. Y.] It asserted that a reconsideration by the denominations, sent to Israel by the Ameri REPORT BY CHRISTIAN FACT-FINDING MISSION United Nations of its internationalization can Christian Palestine Committee. For ON JERUSALEM-REJECTS INTERNATIONALIZA plan was within the prerogatives of the in your information I am enclosing_a copy of TION PLAN AFTER INVESTIGATION THERE ternational organization and that the the press release of the American Christian RECOMMENDS ESTABLISHMENT OF UNITED NA formulation of a just and workable plan for Palestine Committee indicating the composi TIONS COMMISSION WITH No TERRITORIAL guaranteeing the sancticy of the holy places tion of the fact-finding mission and con SOVEREIGNTY To INSURE UNIVERSAL ACCESSI would enhance its prestige and power. taining the full text of its report, which has BU.ITY TO HOLY PLACES The full text of the report follows: just recently been issued. ..The undersigned have just completed an At the 'present time Israel ls being sub NEW YoRK, January 19.-A fa.ct-finding extensive visit to Israel as an unofficial, com jected to powerful pressures to make con mission of Christian leaders and spokesmen, pletely independent fact-finding mission of cessions to the promoters of the idea of inter sent to Israel to investigate the feasibility the American Christian Palestine Commit nationalization. Both Israel and Jordan are of the internationalization plan for Jeru tee. We have observed conditions e.xisting being urged to come to a speedy agreement salem, today made public its findings at a in both Jewish and Arab areas. Cities and accepting internationalization in principle. press conference held under the auspices of localities covered include Tel-Aviv, Jaffa, To this end the chairman of the United the American Christian Palestine Committee, Haifa, Jerusalem, Nazareth, Tiberias, Beer Nations Trusteeship Council, Roger Garreau, sponsoring group of the investigatory com Sheba, and many intervening points in the. has proposed an amendment to limit the mission. Negev, Judea, and Galilee. We discussed the area and scope of internationalization. The The fact-finding µiission's report, which problem of the internationalization of Je: u new scheme, full of inconsistencies and po was unanimous, concluded primarily that the salem with representatives of the Israel GJV litical appeasements, in no way contributes United Nations plan to.internationalize the ernment, the Coptic Church, the Greek Cath to making internationalization any more Jerusalem area is dangerous and unnecessary. olic Church, the Copt Catholic Church, acceptable or workable. In fact, the smaller Having rejected the internationalization the Roman Catholic Church, protestant the area of internationalization, the more plan, it recommended that a United Nations churches, and with Arabs (both Christian and unworkable the plan becomes. Commission with no territorial sovereignty Moslem), as well as with many city officials We are greatly disturbed by the more recent be established in order to insure the free ac and administrative officers. From these dis ·attitude of our State Department and the cessibiii ty of the Christian world to the holy cussions we have come to the following con UN delegation. After voting and speaking places of Jerusalem. clusions: against internationalization, the United "Guaranties should be given to such a "l. We believe that the plan to interna States delegation and State Department have commission by both Jordan and Israel assur tionalize the Jerusalem area is dangerous become passive and indiiferent toward all ing the freedom and sanctity of the sacred and unnecessary. The overwhelming ma developments. They seem officially to be places within their territories. This is all jority of leaders of religious groups we in drifting and unconcerned. as to what may that the Christian world has a right to re terviewed expressed the belief it would not develop. Nevertheless, we have reason to be quire of two sovereign states, which we be work. Many held it was impractical and lieve that the anti-Israeli forces in the State lieve will in time compose their differences. certain to add confusion and impede peace Depar.tment are active in exerting influence This making of the peace will be accom negotiations now in progress. wherever they can in favor of anti-Israeli plished all the more speedily if Israel and "Total internationalization is not neces proposals. We feel that the State Depart.: Jordan are encouraged in their negotiations sary for the protection of the holy places. ment should reassert its original position. by the western powers," the report ~mpha Neit?er the Arabs nor Israel has any other In other instances the United States has ac sized. plan or purpose than to protect and preserve tively pressed its point of view despite un Members of the investigation commission, them. Moslems have kept these places in favorable United Nations action, and there is who occupy leading positions in the Presby Violate for many centuries, and virtually all every reason for its doing so tn this instance. terian, Methodist, Baptist, and Congrega of them are now in Arab hands. There is not Internationalization, whatever the extent tional denominations included: Dr. Samuel the slightest evidence that Israel will mo and form it may take, will not be accepted, Guy Inman, former adviser on Latin-Ameri- lest or limit the use of any religious institu.,. will lead to continuing bitterness and dis -can affairs to the State Department and tion or shrine. agreement, and will provide an ever-present member of the Federal Council of Churches' "There is complete religious freedom in irritant and one highly likely to occasion Commission of International Goodwill; Dr. Israel. The many leaders of religious in hostilities. We believe that only President Charles J. Turck, president of Macalester Col stitutions interviewed all declared they were Truman, with his great authority, acting lege in St. Paul, Minn., and president of the in no wise interfered with in their func promptly and vigorously, can save the situ National Council of Presbyterian Laymen; tions. ation. Mrs. M. E. Tilly, member of President Tru "2. The prevailing conviction was that We know that you have not only a full and man's Commission on Civil Rights and field when the bitterness created by the recent complete understanding of these problems representative of the southern regional coun war will have diminished, Israel and the and their implications for world peace but cil; Dr. John W. Bradbury, editor of the Na Arabs would yet come to an agreement in also a sympathetic point of view. We need tional Baptist magazine, The Wat.chman these controversial matters, provided. ex not, therefore, call your attention to the Examiner; Dr. Ralph W. Riley, president of ternal interference did not complicate the gravity of the situation and the necessity of the American Baptist Theological Seminary; problem. prompt and vigorous action. We feel certain and Prof. Victor Obenhaus, of the University "An illustration of such adjustability be that you will be eager to do all that you can of Chic~go, national chairman of the Council tween Arabs and Israelis is to be found in and, therefore, we do not feel any hesitancy of Social Action, Congregational Christian Nazareth. A predominantly Moslem com in calling upon you for assistance. Without Church of America. munity, with a Moslem mayor (Yousef meaning to indicate the manner in which The report was transmitted to Hon. Dean Fahoum), this city nevertheless has about you can be of service, since you know far Acheson, United States Secr,etary of State; 3,000 Roman Catholics, 3,000 Orthodox, and better than we how to make your efforts Hon. Roger Garreau, president of the United several thousand Protestants. This city ls felt, we would very gz:eatly appreciate your Nations Trusteeship Council; and Hon. Fran under Irsaeli military adminiStration. How doing the following: cis B. Sayre, United States delegate to the ever, the mayor assured us that he was free (1) Bringing these matters to the atten Trusteeship Council. In the exercise of his functions. Thus in a tion of the President and the State Depart The Jerusalem investigation group dis city, the Arab authorities of which had wise ment and requesting both ·the President and closed that while it was in Israel and the Holy ly decided that the people would remain in the Secretary of State to intervene officially City, it had discussed the problem of inter their homes and not flee to Arab Legion and take a firm stand upon both problems; nationalization with representatives of the territory, the same peace, harmony, and free (2) Making a speech in the Senate and Coptic Church, the Greek Catholic Church, dom exist which are characteristic of au inserting the report sent you herewith; the Coptic Catholic Church, the Roman Cath Israel. This area is represented in the Knes (3) Acknowledging this communication olic Church, ministers of Protestant groups, set (Parliament) by three Arabs. It is our and favoring us with a reply which we could and with Jews and Arabs. From these dis conviction that the cooperative and har use in appropriate news stories to be pub cussions, the fact-finding mission was able monious relationship existing between Is lished in the local newspapers. to conclude, according to its report, that the raeli officials and Christian institutions in I need not assure you that the Jewish UN plan was unworkable. Nazareth is the strongest possible evidence people of Oregon who are represented by the "The overwhelming majority of leaders of against any need for the maximal interna organizations composing the Portland Zion religious groups we interviewed ~xpressed tionalization of the Jerusalem area. ist Council will feel deeply indebted to you the belief it would not work. Many held it "3. We regard as utterly false and without for your help. was impractical and certain to add con any factual support the report that Israelis Sincerely yours, fusion and impede peace negotiations now have desecratea religious institutions, MIRIAM F. RoSENFELD, in progress," the report stated. churches, or shrines since the fighting Mrs. Ben Rosenfeld, The mission called upon the United States ceased. The Government of Israel has estab Chairman, Portland Zionist Council. Government to press for a reconsideration lished a department of religious affairs, 2.908 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 7 dealing constructively and fairly with ·the , permanent adjustment concerning the sacred states are. rearming :for war against Israel complex religious communities in her terri sites, to effect a speedy peace settlement. and that Great Britain is helping them with tory. A special division.concerns itself with "7. The plan we, as fact finders, now pro that design. Christian organizations to see that. Christian - pose is the setting up of a United Nations I _fea:r that any outbreak of war in the communities and activities are protected and Commission, with no territorial sovereignty, Middle East might .very well be the spark to maintain agreeable relationships with the but with full right to seek the removal of which would set off a series of interna Government of Israel. The actions of this existing limitations of access to the Old City tional incidents that might prove to be dis division are greatly encouraging to all re of Jerusalem and the holy places, all of astrous to the peace. of tlie world. An arma ligious leaders. We would add with convic which are in Arab territory. Guarantees ment race between the Arab states and tion and appreciation that the prevailing should be given to such a commission by Israel at this time of growing world tensions spiritual attitude of the people and Govern both Jordan and Israel assuring the freedom should be avoided- if at · all possible. Israel ment of Israel is a further gua:ranty of all and sanctity of the sacred places within their has proven that she is ·a friend of the United religious rights. These people have under territories. This is all that the Christian i:;;tates and a defender of democratic proc gone the trials of a bitter war. They are world has a right to require of two sovereign esses. It seems clear to me that we should building a society, established on the princi states, which we believe will in time compose not stand by in silence if rt is true that ples of full equality -and liberty; and they their differences. This making of the peace warlike designs are being planned against should be encouraged and sustained by all will be accomplished all the more speedily if her by the Arab countries. Americans who believe in these principles Israel and Jordan are encouraged in their I shall appreciate any information which not only for the Middle East, but .for all negotiations by the western powers." the State Department can send to me on this the world. Accordingly, we call upon our Government issue which I can use in advising those who "Numerous Christian and Moslem insti to press for a reconsideration of the United have been writing to me about it. tutions have been protected by express orders Nations Assembly decision and to urge the With best wishes, of the Israel Government, with signs con adoption of a plan such as outlined above. Sincerely yours, spicuously posted, and it was evident from We would point out to all who are justifiably WAYNE MORSE. interested in the prestige and power of the our inspection of the premises that -these K&:CISE TAXES orders are carefully obeyed. In many cases, UN that the reconsideration of its decision where the building has been caught in the is within the prerogatives of the interna Mr. FLANDERS. Mr. President, I ask line of fire, restitution has been made and tional organization, and that the formula unanimous consent to read into the restoration is in process. tion of a just arid workable plan for guar RECORD a broadside on excise taxes, of "4. On the basic issue of internationaliza anteeing the sanctity of the holy places will 3 minutes' reading time. tion, we would caution against the drafting enhance its prestige and power. of a Jerusalem statue by the United Nations . Dr. JOHN W. BRADBURY. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With that would interfere with the just territorial Dr. SAMUEL Guy INMAN. out objection, the Senator may proceed. sovereignty of any nation, in this case the Dr. VICTOR OBENHA us. Mr. FLANDERS. It reads as follows: territory of Israel and Jordan. Both-of these Dr. RALPH W. RILEY. All the livelong day Gus Mann, reaches nations properly object to the UN plan on Mrs. M. E. TILLY. out at 6 a. m. on a dark December morning this ground. Freedom of access and protec Dr. CHARLES J. TURCK. to turn off the alarm clock (price, $5; tax, tion of the holy places can easily be secured ARMAMENT OF ARAB STATES $1) . He climbs sleepily out of bed (price, without the internationalization of territory $195; annual personal property tax, 75 cents), · or people. Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, on yes walks across the fioor and switc'h~s on the "5. The Garreau plan for internationaliza terday I wrote to the Secretary of State electricity (33 cents tax on his $10 monthly tion is, in our opinion, a decided improve a letter dealing with the question of the bill). ment over previous maximal schemes but is allegations concerning the armament of To music from a bedroom radio (price, still too inclusive. the Arab states and the belief on the $30; tax $3) Gus shaves with his electric - "It is hardly justifiable to exclude so part of a great many Jewish leaders in razor. He slaps across his chin a handful obvious a holy place as the Mosque of Omar of bay rum (price, $1.30; tax, 26 cents). He of the old city from an internationalized America and other leaders who are friends of the Israel cause that · the re dresses quickly and hurries to the kitchen, .zone, and then to include a portion. of the putting on his Swiss wrist watch as he goes ·business district of the new city, and the sult of such an armament will be to carry (price, $60; tax, $12 1 ) • entire Mount Scopus where absolutely no ·on war against Israel. I have called legally established holy places are to be He's just in time to snatch two · slices of upon the Secretary of State to send to me bread from the electric toaster (price, $16; found. To advance such a plan on the a statement of the position of the State ··ground that the territory· to be taken from tax, $1.60), lift his coffee from the gas stove Israel and Jordan must be equalized is to Department in respect to such arma (price, $190; tax, $19)., and grab a glass of condemn the plan by demonstrating that the ment, and to advise me whether there is fruit juice from the refrigerator (price, $300; major consideration is not concern for the anything to the allegation that Great tax, $30). He calls good-by to his wife (mar Britain is arming or is participating in riage license, $2·), gets his car (price, $1,800; holy places. 2 "The greatest criticism advanced against the arming of the Arab states, with the tax, $105 ), and drives (operator's license, all plans outlined to date is that they were ·use of ECA funds. As one who supports $1) to work. drafted without regard to the wishes of the Gus lights a cigarette (price per pack, 9 the objectives of ECA, I raise my voice cents; Federal tax, 7 cents) with a . match citizens of the old and new Jerusalem, but today in protest of -the use of any ECA ·rather from the political considerations of (tax 5¥2 cents per 1,000). "the various member governments of the funds by Great Britain for the arming At work Gus sighs (no tax) and settles United Nations and by outside interests. of Arab states. down to his job (annual income, $2,500; . The one exception is to be found in that I ask unanimous consent to have my Federal income t::!x, $73; social-security tax part of the Garreau plan dealing with Bethle letter to Mr. Acheson printed in the body paid by employee, $25; and by employer, hem. . There the wishes of the people seem of the RECORD. $25) . If he works hard for the rest of his to have been considered, for it is proposed There being no objection, the letter life, he may be able to save enough to pro that the Church of the Nativity alone be vide the Government with a slice of in internationalized and that the remainder of was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, heritance tax. And if he dies in the right the city remain under the administration of · as follows: State, he can take comfort in the fact that Jordan. MARCH 6, 1950. his casket, provided it costs less than $100, "6. While this fact-finding mission had Hon. DEANG. ACHESON, will be exempt from any sales tax. Secretary of ~tate, Washington, D. C. as its purpose the study of the internationali- DISPLACED PERSONS - zation of Jerusalem we could not escape the MY DEAR MR. SECRETARY: I am receiving a human problems arising out of the tragedy great deal of mail from many Jewish people Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, I ask of war. such as homelessness, the displace in the United States who are very much unanimous consent to insert in the body ment of peoples, and the psychological prob concerned about what they allege is a re of the RECORD at this point certain com lems besetting both peoples. We believe armament of the Arab states by Great Brit that these human tragedies must be alle tain. They advise me that Great Britain munications and resolutions bearing on viated in the spirit of attaining the maximum is furnishing the Arab states with arms and the subject of displaced persons. justice for both Jews and Arabs. It was they claim that indirectly the United States apparent to us that these human problems is a party to this rearmament through the 1 Not counting customs duty. cannot be r_esolved in any permanent fash use of ECA funds by Great Britain. 2 Plus annual registration of $8, tax of 5 ion except as a part of an over-all peace . I shall appreciate it if you will advise me cents on each- pound of a new tire, tax of signed between the several Arab States and as to what the State Department believes 5 percent on each new part or accessory; Israel. It is therefcre of overwhelming im the facts are concerning the charges which State· and Federal gasoline t~x average, 5¥2 portance, both for t~: :i.s puq::o_i:;e and for any are being made to the effect that the Arab cents per gallon. 1950· CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE : 2909 There being no objection, the letters of the group. We have found that a number ' speech on one side of the quention but and resolution were ordered to be printed of displaced persons are being employed by · voted contrary to the sentiments ex concerns that, if it were not for these mi pressed in his remarks. Obviously it was in the RECORD, as follows: · grating peoples, the veteran of the United NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR States armed forces would have a better a mistake, which the Senator did not PREVENTION OF WAR, chance in seeking and obtaining employ correct at the time of the recapitulation Washington, D. C., March 7, 1950. ment in his own locale. of the vote. However, Mr. President, I The Honorable PAT McCARRAN, Sincerely, want to say I believe sincerely that what Chairman, Senate Judiciary.Committee, CHARLES G. ANDERSON, we are asked to do would set a very bad United States Capitol, Commander. and dangerous precedent. Once· we be Washington, D. C. Attest: DEAR SENATOR McCARRAN: The ·enclosed ls a - gin to change votes in the permanent En SCHWAB, RECORD, after they have been made and cert ified true copy of the letter from the Lu Adjutant. theran Church, Missouri Synod, endorsing have stood for some time, we definitely the McCa'rran definition of displaced persons. RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY TwENTY-FOURTH invite trouble. I shall not object in this You might find it helpful in your cam WOMEN'S PATRIOTIC CONFERENCE ON NA instance, but I serve notice now that in paign to get equal rights for the expellees. TIONAL DEFENSE, STATLER HOTEL, WASHING the future, when a mistake of this kind Best wishes. TON, D. C., JANUARY 26- 28, 1950; 45 COM is made and is allowed to stand for this Sincerely yours, , PONENT ORGANIZATIONS REPRESENTING length of time, I, as majority leader, shall JAMES FINUCANE, ABOUT 3,000,000 WOMEN Associ at e SeC'Fetary. be compelled to object, because I believe Resolution 18 it is good parliamentary practice to do so. Resolutiqn to adhere to existing laws and Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, I agree THE LUTHERAN CHURCH, quotas for immigration and displaced per with much of what the majority leader MISSOURI SYNOD, sons DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC RELATIONS, has said, but I am not objecting to the Washington, D. C., March 3, 1950. Whereas our present imm~gration laws pro request; in fact, I wholeheartedly favor Mr, JAMES FINUCANE, vide for a quota system allocating a definite it. My reason for taking this position is· Associate Secretary, National Council for number to each nationality mentioned, such that in this particular instance the dis allocation not to be interchangeable among Prevention of War, quotas; and tinguished Senator from Pennsylvania Washington, D. C. delivered a speech on the subject, in line DEAR MR. FINUCANE·: The public-relations Vi'hereas our own American citizens, and particularly millions 0f our veterans of World with his complete thinking on the mat department of the Missoµri Synod is not reg ter. The vote is a complete contradic istered for lobbying in Washington. War II are entitled to our first consideration in regard to education, housing, and employ tion of his statement. It was an error. On the other hand I greatly admire the ment; and work you are doing and. I hereby authorize I think the request is certainly one which you officially to state, whenever you find Whereas certain pressure groups have been should not be refused. In my opinion it lobbying in the Congress for the repeal of all it desirable to do s9, that the I.utheran does not create a precedent. It is in our safeguards on immigration, and are keeping with the Senator's thinking on Church, Missouri Synod, is solidly in favor spending millions of dollars for ,the dissem of the McCarran definition. ination of propaganda for that purpose; the subject then before the Senate,· and I have taken other means, naturally, to and it is in keeping with his thinking on the let this be known through other channels. Whereas every immigrant to this country matter "throughout all the years he has Thanks for everything you have done. makes it more difficult for an American citi been in the Senate. In substance, the Cordially yours, zen to keep employment ot to find housing, OSWALD C. J. HOFFMANN. Senator simply wants to change his vote. while the children of immigrants increase He has made his position clear. The WASHINGTON, D. c., March 7, 1950. the crowding in our already overcrowded change requested is in keeping with the I, Oskar W. Egger, notary public in the Dis schools: Now, therefore, be it sentiments of the Senator from Pennsyl trict' of Columbia, hereby certify that this Resolved, That the Twenty-fourth Wom ls a true and correct copy of the original en's Patriotic Confere~c c on National Defense vania on the subject, and with the speech letter. demand that our Government adhere strictly he·made immediately before the vote on [SEAL) 0SKAR W. EGGER, to the e:i..isting immigration laws and quotas the amendment to the resolution which Notary Public. which govern immigration to the United was then pending. Furthermore, to per My commission expires September 14, 1953. States of America, and to the laws now in mit the change requested would not force which strictly limit the entry of dis change the action of the Senate on the placed persons; arid be it further AMERICAN LEGION, amendment in question, and it would SAMUEL A. WHITAKER POST, No. 482, Resolved, That the Congress permit no not affect the final action on the resolu Phoenixville, Pa., February 10, 1950. increase in immigration or additional entry of displaced persons, either by special legis tion. The Honorable PAT McCARRAN, Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, the state United States Senate, Washington, D. C. lation, unused quotas, or by Executive order until all our veterans have secured education, ment just made by the Senator from Ne DEAR SENATOR: It has been brought to our housing, and employment. attention that the bill, H. R. 4567, which braska is very important. The Senator would increase the number of displaced per CORRECTION OF VOTE states that the granting of the request sons to enter this country. to change the vote of the Senator from The members of this · post, at a regular Mr. MARTIN. Mr. President, on page Pennsylvania would not affect the Sen meeting of the Samuel A. Whitaker Post, 2034 of the daily RECORD of February 20, ate action which was taken on the No. 482, .t\-:ierican Legion, Department of 1950, I am recorded as voting "nay" on amendment at the time. However, I Pennsylvania, voted that I write to you and the substitute of the Senator from Ne think it will be found, if anyone desires ask your support to oppose this bill. braska [Mr. WHERRY]. That was an Respectfully yours, to examine the records, that over a pe error, and I ask unanimous consent that riod · of time, many a Senator has ELMER E. SCHAEFFER, Sr., my vote may be changed from "nay" to Adjutant, Post No. 482. changed his mind; he has perhaps made "yea." remarks indicating that he favored a The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is bill, yet, at the last moment, when Sena LIEUTENANT WM. G. JUNKIN there objection? PosT No. 1213, tors came to him to plead with him to VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS Mr. LONG. Mr. President, reserving vote a certain way, even though he ·made OF THE UNITED STATES, the right to object, I believe the majority a speech on the opposite side of the ques Philadelphia, Pa., February 7,.1950. leader yesterday had a question about tion, he proceeded to comply with the Mr. PAT McCARRAN, the procedure, on the ground that it request. I do not say at all that that Senator, Nevada, might set a bad preceden~. I should like United States Senate, to inquire whether the majority leader happened in this instance. I am satis Washington, D. C. is still of that opinion. fied the distinguished Senator from DEAR SIR: At a regular scheduled meeting Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, I desire Pennsylvania is absolutely sincere in of this post, it w_as brought to the attention to make a brief statement. I shall not what he is attempting to do. But re of the body assembled: your views of the gardless of that, Mr. President, I repeat displaced persons situation. . object to the unanimous-consent request It is the unanimous opinion of the assem made by the Senator from Pennsylvania. what I said a moment ago, that I shall bled body that the facts presented iri the It is ·my undersfariding that the RECORD be compelled to object, in the future, be statement to be right by personal observation definitely shows the Senator made a cause it is the duty of a Senator present XCVI--184 2910 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 7 and participating in a yea-and-nay vote This was the Czechoslovakia of dining room, he attacked me without to listen to the recapitulation and, if an Masaryk's dream. And this was the warning. ·Mr. President, I submit thP.t error is made, to ask that it be corrected Czechoslovakia the world saw emerging that was very unethical conduct on the then and there. in the decades following the end of the part of the junior Senator from New The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is First World War. But twice within the York. there objection to the request of the last 10 years armed evil has clawed the I read from the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Senator from Pennsylvania? The Chair throat of this people. Twice within 10 of last Saturday: hears none, and it is so ordered. years the Periclean words describing the Mr. LEHMAN. The Senator from New York ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE nature of Masaryk's Republic were twist was on the floor yesterday; and he heard more misstatements and more inaccuracies · BIRTH OF THOMAS MASARYK ed into horrible caricatures of them selves. First under the Nazis and then than he ever thought it possible to be made Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, I ask under the Russians, the few ruled the' on the floor of this great deliberative body, unanimous consent that my colleague many. Equal justice became party jus the Senate of the United States. the Senator from Illinois [Mr. DbuGLAS] tice. Blind loyalty to the ruling clique Mr. President, the Senator from New be permitted to address the Senate for replaced merit as a qualification for pub York had reference at that time to the a few moments on a very important lic office. Suspicion and distrust re senior Senator from Mississippi. Not a matter. placed friendliness of manner. Isolation word of that statement is true. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is and ·exclusiveness replaced hospitality. At the conclusion of his speech, when there objection? The Chair hears none, Calculated mockery for all things sacred I was called by my colleagues to return to and the junior Senator from Illinois is replaced a spirit of reverence. Fear of the floor, the Senator from New York was recognized. the hangman and the concentration requested to list the inaccuracies and Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, it has camp replaced a self-disciplined re misstatements which he said the senior been said that great men are both his spect for law. Senator from Mississippi had made. He torians and prophets. As historians, With truth set on its head, is it any listed one statement. I understand he they hold in their hearts all past hopes wonder that first the Nazis and now the has placed other statements in the REC for a good society. As prophets, they Russians have barred any commemora ORD today, which he says are inaccurate. hold in their minds the path by which tion of Thomas Masaryk's birth? Is it I shall speak on them when I have an op- such a society can be reached. When any wonder that they would try to erase . portunity. He did not give me the cour men of this sort are born, great events the memory of his life and labors? His tesy of letting me have a copy of his are born with them. And though the very name threatens them. His very statement. outer form of their work may be changed name is a summation of all that resists Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, will the by years, the hopes and ideas they voiced them. So long as a mere spark of his Senator yield? lead an immortal life and guide the memory is kept alive, it can leap to flame Mr. EASTLAND. I yield for a ques hearts of men from age to age. and yet consume them. tion. Thomas Masaryk, who was born 100 If an enslaved Czech people cannot at Mr. LEHMAN. I ask the Senator to years ago today, has ·an honored place this moment pay full honor to Masaryk yield long enough so that the Senator· in the company of these great men. A on the occasion Of the one hundredth an from New York can read on the :floor of gifted scholar, he was trained in the niversary of his birth, we in the Senate the Senate a statement pointing out the western libe.ral tradition and in knowl have a double duty to do so. For this inaccuracies to which reference has been edge of American political institutions. great man belongs to us as well as to the made. But he did not limit his learning to books Czechs. By our commemorative act, we Mr. EASTLAND. I shall be through or to university halls. He chose instead tell them and ourselves that all is not with my statement in a minute, ana then to merge his learning in a supremely cre lost; that this creator of a free nation I shall yield to the Senator at that time ative act of freedom. He was as patient lives in our hearts; that we will keep his for that purpose. as he was passionate, as single-minded memory alive until the day the whole Mr. Presi(lent, the principal inaccu as he was adroit, as brave as he was bril world can openly honor it with us; that racy which the Senator from New York liant. For he had a cause worthy of his in God's good time, the liberating power said the Senator from Mississippi stated talents. It was to create the Republic of his ideas will free men from all those was that the Immigration and Naturali of Czechoslovakia. who seek to rule in violation of what he zation Service did not have the power to Thomas Masaryk lived to enjoy the represents. veto for any cause, an applicant for ad early fruits of his incredible labors. mission into this country as a displaced Chosen by his countrymen as their first On one occasion in his lifetime, Thomas Masaryk voiced a word of hope person. The truth of the matter is, Mr. President, the policies he instituted es President, that as the Senator from Mis tablished Czechoslovakia as a state for that should be recalled in this melan choly hour: sissippi has stated time and time again, which Pericles spoke over 2,000 years ago the Displaced Persons Commission has when he said: The strongest argument for democracy- the final authority with reference to the We do not copy our neighbors but are an He said- qualifications of a person as a displaced example to them. It is true we· are called is faith in man, in his spirit and immortal person. The Immigration and Naturali a democracy, for the administration is in soul. That is true equality. Ethically, zation Service can veto the entry of an the hands of the many and not of the few. democracy is based on the political realiza immigrant under the general immigra But while the law secures equal justice to tion of love of one's neighbor. The eternal tion law. A displaced person has two all alike in their private disputes, the claim (soul) to the eternal cannot be indifferent, categories. One catrgory is that of a dis of excellence is also recognized; and when a the eternal cannot misuse the eternal, it citizen ls in any way distinguished, he is cannot exploit and violate it. placed person, and the decision of the preferred to the public service, not as a mat Displaced Persons Commission on that ter of privilege, but as a reward of merit. To these words, on this anniversary question is final. I placed in the RECORD Neither ls poverty a bar, but a man may day, we add, "This doctrine shall be the an administrative ruling of the Displaced benefit his country whatever be the obscu law of our life." Persons Commission which made its de rity of his condition. There is no exclusive termination final. Under the general ness in our public life; and in our private DISPLACED PERSONS BILL-PERSONAL STATEMENT immigration law, he can be vetoed by the intercourse we are not suspicious of one Consular Service and the Immigration another, nor angry with our neighbor if ·he Mr. EASTLAND. Mr. President, on does what he likes; we do not put on sour and Naturalization Service; but the Sen looks a.t him · which, though harmless, a.re last Saturday, under a unanimous-con ator from Mississippi stated time and not pleasant. While we are thus uncon sent agreement, the senior Senator from time again that action by the Consular strained in our private intercourse, a spirit Mississippi had the floor when the Senate Service and the Immigration and Nat of reverence pervades our public act; we are convened at 12 o'clock noon. He yielded uralization Service is worthless; that in prevented from doing wrong by respect for the floor to the junior Senator from New the category of displaced persons, they authority and for the laws, having an especial York CMr. LEHlYIAN]. I had talked to the regard to those which are ordained for the are limited largely to the file. The file protection of the injured as well as to those junior Senator from New York on two originated in an international organi unwritten laws which bring upon the trans occasions, and he did not tell me that he zation, the IRO. It was made up by dis gressor of them the reprobation of the gen intended to attack me. When I was ab placed persons and was then sent to the eral sentiment. sent from the Chamber and was in the Displaced Persons Commission. 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-.SENATE 2911 Mr. President, I desire to read from the ciary, so that the Members of this body up officials from departments for infor RECORD of last Thursday, as follows: could judge for themselves the accuracy mal conferenpes on bills, and never to Mr. WITHERS. The power of the Immigra.- or the lack of accuracy of statements take down testimony of what they say. tion Service is limited to passing upon mat- made? The Senator is attempting to engraft an ters pertaining to the Immigration Service Mr. EASTLAND. Mr. President, we unheard of procedure on the Senate. and the immigration laws, is it not? are simply in the process of having the The Senator says: "I asked time and Mr. EASTLAND. Yes. hearings printed. time again, 'Give me proof of this.' " Mr. WITHERS. And not to pass upon dis- Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, will Now, Mr. President, I submit that the placed persons? f M' · d? Mr. EASTLAND. That is true, and all the the Senator rom Ississ1ppi yiel . records will show an utter absence of testimony before the committee bore that Mr. EASTLAND. Yes; but I should any such question by the Senator from out. like to comment on the statement of the New York, unless it was when he asked Senator from New York. me about Mr. L'Heureux. That state Then, Mr. President, I inserted in the Mr. McCARRAN. I will say that that ment, Mr. President, was and is untrue. RECORD the ruling of the Displaced Per- is not true. Not a word of it is true. The Mr. NEELY. Mr. President, I call the sons Commission. I read further from transcript of every hearing that has been Senator to order and invoke the en the RECORD: held is ready for Senators to look at. forcement of Rule XIX, which includes Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, will the Sena- Mr. LEHMAN. Will the Senator from the following: tor yield for a question? Mississippi yield for a question of the No Senator in deba~e shall, directly or Mr. EASTLAND. I yield. Senator from Nevada? indirectly, by any form of words, impute to Mr. LEHMAN. I wonder whether the Sena- tor will not agree with me that it is a fact another Senator or to other Senators any Mr. EASTLAND. I yield. conduct or motive unworthy or unbecom that while the Displaced Persons Commission Mr. LEHMAN. Is it true that there ing a Senator. makes the decision with regard to the ap- has been any pt:Cblic record made of the plicant's eligibility under the displaced-per- hearings on these bills we are consider.:. The Senator from Mississippi has by sons law, no applicant can be admitted to ing, so that the Members of the Senate words not only imputed, but expressly this country except after a scrutiny from the could decide on the facts for themselves? charged, that the Senator from New Immigration and Naturaiization Service and Mr. McCARRAN. The records are York has made statements that are a visa from the United States Consular available to the Members of the Senate. untrue. That charge violates the rule. Service? Mr. EASTLAND. Yes; but the weakness there Mr. LEHMAN. Is it a fact that they The Senator from Mississippi should be is that he gets his information from the have not been printed? ordered to take his seat until he chooses file prepared by the mo. Mr. McCARRAN. They have not been to proceed in order. printed, but they are available to the The PRESIDING OFFICER Berlin documentation center distinguished Senator from Mississippi, languages required? check on every single displaced person that ~'Displaced persons select displaced So far as the Soviet Union is con who has left for the United States. - persons." This is wholly incorrect. The CEmed-and I think this is of the great Misstatement No. 9: The Senator fact that !RO officials and employees est importance for Senators to know, be from Mississippi stated in the tenth par some of whom may be displaced per cause I believe an entirely different im agraph of the first column of page 2636 sons-help the displaced-person appli pression is prevalent-that country is not that a displaced person's application cants to make up their papers and docu even a member of the !RO and has in could be vetoed by the Immigration ments is about as significant as the fact sistently and violently attacked the !RO Service only under the immigration laws, · that an applicant for immigration to throughout the time of its existence, be and by the Displaced Person's Commis the United States as a quota immigrant cause the !RO has played such a large sion under the Displaced Persons Act. may ask another to make up his papers part in protecting and assisting the vie- _ Mr. President, the inference is that the of application for -admission into the tims of Communist as well as of Nazi major power resides in the Displaced United States. Those papers are merely tyranny and terror. Persons Commission. This is not correct. applications. Multiple sets of United . I may say that during the time I was . The Displaced Persons Commission has States officials go over these papers, and in UNRRA, and since then, in the Coun the final word on the eligibility of dis at least four United States officials in cils of the United Nations, every effort placed persons-I repeat the word "eligi vestigate the applicants, with personal has been made by Russia to force a re bility" of displaced persons-under the interviews. Not only of the applicants turn to Russia of the people in the dis definition of displaced persons contained but of his neighbors. The International placed-persons camps who had fled from in the Displaced Persons Act-mainly as Refugee Organization merely serves as Russia because of their fear of religious to date of arrival in the displaced per a service body to certify the applicant or political persecution. sons area, and the reasons for arrival. as fulfilling certain requirements agreed Misstatement 3: The Senator from But the consular service has the final to under an international accord to Mississippi stated, on page 2635 of the word as to admissibility of the individual which the United States has officially RECORD, that there is no adequate screeri in question as an immigrant, regardless subscribed. But the United States Gov ing of the displaced persons. I believe of whether he is a displaced person or an ernment, through the Displaced Persons that the remarks made by the junior ordinary quota immigrant, under all the Commission, makes the determination as Senator from New York on Saturday, laws of the United States. The State De to whether the person is actually a dis March 4, on pages 2803-2809 sufficiently partment and the Immigration and placed person ; and the State, Depart- · disprove that statement and clearly show Naturalization Service have the last ment and Justice Department make the that this screening is the most rigorous word as to the established facts-which determination a ~ to whether the appli in American immigration history. these services help establish-on politi cant is admissible and is a· good security Misstatements 4, 5, 6, 7., and 8 all deal cal background, moral turpitude, crim risk. What better proof is there of ·this with the same subject, and are to be inal record, and all the other aspects · than the fact, as I have already indi found in the twenty-seventh, twenty which go to make up a poor security risk cated, that the Displaced Persons Com eighth, and thirty-fifth paragraphs of o a poor character risk. mission rejects or disqualifies at the page 2635 of the RECORD. Those state Mr. JENNER. Mr. President, will the very first step, 29 percent of all the ments allege that the Displaced Persons Senator yield at that point? names certified by the ·International Commission approves the admittance of Mr. LEHMAN. The Senator from Nzw Refugee Organization. persons "when an investigation has York will yield at the conclusion of his Misstatement No. 11: The Senator shown that they do not meet the qualifi remarks, when he will be glad to answer from Mississippi, in paragraph 1, column cations of the act, or that they are crim any questions the Senator from Indiana 3,_on page· 2636, quotes · a consula~ · offi inals or are Communists." The Senator wishes to put to him. cial as saying that a displaced person from Mississippi goes on to make much I commend to the Senate a reading of sitting before the consul, whom the con of the alleged failure of the Displaced subchapter II of title 8 of the United sul knows to have fraudulent papers and Persons Commission to await the results States Code, especially sections 136 and to be a bad security risk, cannot be of researches in the Berlin documenta 1S7, which list 25 or more causes for barred by the consul from entering the tion center before certifying displaced exclusion of immigrants under the ordi United States. persons for consideration by the con nary· immigration laws. The Displaced Mr. President, if the Senator from sular and immigration services for ad Persons Commission has no ju r~ sdiction Mississippi quoted tl1e consul correctly, missio~ into the United States. Em under these laws. Some few of these the Senator from Mississippi should be phasis is laid on a stat_ement by one Dis causes for nonadmission are repeated in moving heaven and earth to have that placed Persons Cc,mmission official that tp·e Displaced Persons Act and amplified, cons;ul discharged as derelict in his quty a ''calculated risk" is taken when such but the great bulk of the reasons for non-· under the law, and-to quote the Sena-· certifications are made in advance of the admissibility, and certainly those which tor from Mississippi-a perpetrator of receipt of information from the Berlin make for a poor security risk, are under moral treason against the United States. documentation center. the sole jurisdiction of the consular and That consul, in the full exercise of his The fact is, Mr. President, that this Immigration Services. powers, nmy and must refuse to issue Berlin documentation center contains The Displaced Persons Commission · such a person a visa. That is his orig- _ nothing but records of membership in the has final authority only over the ques inal function, his original responsibility. Nazi Party, and of applications for Ger- tion of whether the displaced person is The record is perfectly clear on that ·man citizenship. It contains no.date on actually a displaced person. In this point. The consulS have, ~nd exercise, Communist affiliation or membership. matter the Displaced Per~ons Commis authority ·to refuse visas to any dis My . authority for _this is the same. Mr. sion has reviewing and veto power over placed person for aJ:?.Y- material-fraud, Squadrilli who has been so much quoted the IRO, and that is right ·and proper. whether it relates to eligibility or admis on this floor. I take my quotation from· Misstatement No. · 10: In · the first sibility. page 69 of the House report above re paragraph of column 2, on page 2636, f erred to. The Berlin documentation the Senator from Mississippi states that Misstatement 12: The Senator from center contains no rer,ords of criminal the United States is the only country Mississippi states that according to his a-ctivities or convictions, other than Nazi in the world receiving displaced persons interpretation of the testimony of Mr. Party affiliations. And .this same Mr. which does not, through its own offi Tripp, who is Chief of the Immigration Squadrilli testified only last Friday be cials and employees, select the displaced and Naturalization Service detail in fore the Senate Judiciary Committee persons for admission into its country· Europe, the. Immigration and Naturali that in only 3 cases-only 3 cases, I re as immigrants. zation Service has the power to bar an peat-out of the 135,000 displaced per This is a gross misstatement by im ordinary immigrant for any purpose, sons who have come to the United , plication. T~e implication is that but not a displaced person. I repeat the States, has there been any possibly United States officials do not actually words of the -Senator from Mississippi, derogatory .security information which select the displaced persons who are al "for any purpose." The Senator from . did not reach the CIC before the dis lowed to enter the United States, but Mississippi went on to say that in the placed p .::;rsons left . for the -United . that, instead, the mo docs ' so-or, in case-of a .displaced person,. the Immigra States. lie testified that the ClC has in the words so :requently repeated by the tion and Naturalization Service does not 2914 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 7 have that power, but only the Displaced under consideration. I neither requested rity of the United States. Investigations Persons Commission has that power. nor opposed legislation involvi,ng suggested are presently pending in four cases of such 1.V!r. President, if either the Displaced veto. I informed committee that question aliens held at ports of entry. giving consuls authority pass upon eligibility Persons Commission or the consular displaced persons as such under Displaced Mr. President, that quotation is from service has the right to bar a would-be Persons Act, and not merely upon eligibility the Walters report, from the report of a immigrant "for any purl)ose," for any for visas under general immigration laws, House subcommittee which itself studied reason, this is the first time the junior is one for congressional determination, but this matter at first hand over a period of Senator from New York has known of it. whatever determination the Congress may weeks, on the ground, in Europe. That I had always had the impression that decide upon should be delineated in the act. statement is to be found on page 83 of the our Immigration Service was guided by I am interested in avoiding conflicts or ab sences of authority in implementing what Walters report. certain laws, the immigration laws. It ever legislation might be enacted. I cannot find a better ending for my is not a fact that all immigration official H. J. L'HEuREUX, remarks than to quote the brief conclu can bar someone for any trivial reason. Chief, Visa Division. sions on this voint of the same House The truth is that the reasons for barring Mr. President, I may,· i)erhaps, have subcommittee, which was made up immigrants are set down very clearly neither of star-gazers nor of persons in and precisely in the laws of the United wearied the Senate. I have not in tended to do so. I hope I have not in tent on pole-axing the displaced-persons States. No other reasons will do. program. That subcommittee was made Mr. President, the truth is that under jured the feelings or sensibilities of the Senator from Mississippi. I am merely up of 10 Members of the House of Rep the Displaced Persons Act our Immigra resentatives from 7 different States of tion Service and our consular service seeking to get into the RECORD a very in complete list of misstatements, as re- the Union, including Maine, Texas, South have all the power that they ever had Carolina, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, under our ordinary immigration laws, . quested of me by the able and distin guished Senator from Mississippi. and New York. The quotation stating and much more. Even the Senator from the conclusion of the House subcommit Mississippi admitted that the consuls I could end here. But I should like to get into the RECORD one simple state tee on this point is as follows: have full authority to refuse visas to dis Considering that there were over 120,000 placed persons who are Communists. ment which ought to dispel completely, finally, and for all time, all the allega displaced persons admitted under the 1948 The consular officials have the same act, the number of questionable immigrants authority where the displaced person has tions and innuendoes made on this fioor amounts to one-twentieth of 1 percent, or proved his eligibility by fraud. The concerninb the alleged flc;od of subver one possible miscreant out of every 2,000 per same power resides in the Immigration sives entering this country as displaced sons. persons. I should like to quote from an Service. The subcommittee concluded, further, The Immigration Service or the con authority on this subject, Mr. Peyton Ford, Assistant Attorney General of the that- sular service can and must, under the On the basis of meticulous on-the-spot law, bar anyone known to be an an United States, who, I underst~nd, has administrative charge of the Federal checking on all levels of the European opera archist, an advocate of violent revolu tion, this subcommittee 1s strongly inclined tion, a publisher or writer concerning Bureau of Investigation, the FBI. Mr. to believe that the majority of the above such doctrines, or a criminal or falsifier, Ford stated, under date of November 30, mentioned allegations--concerning the false a forger, an embezzler, or anyone who is 1949, on the basis of FBI studies, as and fraudulent statements allegedly made by a poor security risk. The Immigration follows: displaced persons desirous of obtaining ad Service can and does pass tentative judg No indication has been received to date mission into the United States-could safely that would definitely establish that criminal be classified as rumors • • • intended ment on whether the applicant is even or subversive elements have been infiltrating to serve a definite purpose. a genuine displaced person under the into the United States through the operation Displaced Persons Act; but the fi,nal word of the Displaced Persons Act of 1948. How Mr. President, this last quotation ls on this is, of course, reserved to the Dis ever, we have received reports indicating from the bottom of page 81 of th'e Walters placed Persons Commission, subject to that some persons who have already been House subcommittee report. final veto by the Immigration Service, admitted to the United States under this I rest my case, Mr. President. in cases of fraud. The function of the act may have been members of, or in sym Mr. EASTLAND, Mr. HUMPRHEY, Displaced Persons Commission, under the pathy with, various subversive organizations Mr. JENNER, and Mr. O'CONOR ad in Europe. Investigations have been ini public law now in force, is to decide on tiated on all such reports, and at present dressed the C:Qair. eligibility, and that alone. That would there a- - ~ approximately 20 such cases under The PREGIDING OFFICER. Does also be their function under the substi investigation to determine whether the the Senator from New York yield; and tute measure. But under the McCarran aliens are in the United States in violation if so, to whom? bill, the Displaced Persons Commission of the act of October 16, 1918, as amended. Mr. LEHMAN. I yield to the Senator would be merely a service agency, a sort To date, no deportation proceedings have from Mississippi. of third wheel, without jurisdiction or been instituted against any such displaced persons, inasmuch as no evidence has been Mr. EASTLAND. I want the floor in authority. That is bad government. It obtained indicating that such persons a.re my own right. is bad policy. deportable. Mr. JENNER. I also want the floor in Mr. President, in regard to ~he state We have also received reports on approxi my own right. ment the Senator from Mississippi made mately 35 cases of displaced· persons who The PRESIDING OFFICER. The in quoting Mr. L'Heureux as urging the have entered the United States, indicating Chair understood the Senator from New granting of veto power to the State De that such persons, in connection with their applications to enter, failed to disclose that York to say he intended to yield for a partment, I hold in my hand a very in they had been naturalized in Germany or question. Does any Senator desire to _, ' teresting telegram addressed to the Sen that they had been former members of the have him yield for that purpose? ator from West Virginia [Mr. KILGORE] Nazi Party. The Displaced Persons Com Mr. HUMPHREY. ;Mr. President, I from the same Mr. L'Heureux, who, as mission has indicated that any such person should like to ask the Senator a ques we know, is Chief of the Visa Division is not considered as a displaced person under tion, if he will yield. of the State Department. It throws a the meaning of the IRO constitution. Ac Mr; LEHMAN. . I yield. strange light on the statement made cordingly, investigations are in progress to Mr. HUMPHREY. I have been very earlier today by the Senator from Mis determine whether such persons are subject to deportation as having obtained their much concerned about the allegations sissippi. vias by concealing material facts. To date, and charges which have been made per I read the telegram: no evidence has been obtained which would taining to the head of the Visa Division. Reference your telegram March 6 request justify the institution of deportation pro -1 believe the gentleman's name is Mr. ing my comment relative statements made on ceedings. L'Heureux. · the floor of the Senate to the effect that I In the cases of 11 displace<: persons, the Mr. LEHMAN. That is correct. requested statutory veto power over Dis applicants have been held at the ports of placed Persons Commission's determination entry for further investigation as to whether Mr. HUMPHREY. Will tl}e Senator of eligibility. they were inadmissible as aliens whose en be kind enough to give me again the Pursuant request chairman Judiciary Com tries would be prejudicial. Of the 11 per substance of the telegram, which I mittee, I appeared before full committee 1n sons so held, one was permanently excluded imagine arrived today, so we may have executive sessions and replied frankly to on confidential information that her aqmis it brought more pointedly to the atten questions raised regarding draft bill then sion would be inimical to the internal secu- tion of the Senate? 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 2915 Mr. LEHMAN. I shall be very glad Mr. LEHMAN. I yield to the Senator ment made by Mr. L'Heureux in· the tele indeed to read it. It is addressed to the from Indiana. · · gram I have just read. Mr. L'Heureux Honorable HARLEY M. KILGORE, and Mr. JENNER. Does the Senator not said: reads as follows: realize, although it is the ·law, that by I neither request~d nor opposed legisla Reference your telegram March 6 request administrative agreement the State De tion involving the suggested veto. ing my comment relative statements made partment and the Justice Department ti.oar Senate to the effect I requested statu have turned over to the Displaced Per I do not understand how the distin tory veto power over Displaced Persons Com sons Commission their right and duty? guished Senator from Indiana can· now missions determination of eligibility. Mr. LEHMAN. That is not my recol claim that Mr. L'Heureux voluntarily Pursuant request chairman Judiciary Com lection, I may say. came and asked for the veto authority. mittee I appeared before full committee in Mr. JENNER. Well, that is the fact. He denies it. If the distinguished Sena executive sessions and replied frankly to tor from Indiana doubts the word of the questions raised regarding draft bill then Mr. LEHMAN. The Senator from In diana, I think, will have great difficulty head of the Visa Division of the State under consideration. I neither requested Department, I think he will have to nor opposed legislation involving suggested in proving that. veto. I informed committee that question Mr. JENNER. I have no difficulty question Mr. L'Heureux. I cannot giving consuls authority pass upon eligibility whatever. I proved it here yesterday by answer in any other way. displaced persons as such under Displaced the record. Mr. JENNER. In answer to the Sen Persons Act, and not merely upon eligibility Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President a ator's question, let me say I was present for visas under general immigration laws, point of order. at the committee hearing when Mr. ls one for congressional determination, but Mr. JENNER. And I will prove it to L'Heureux made the statement. Fur whatever determination the Congress may _ther, on this question, does the Senator decide upon should be delineated in the day, when I get the floor. act. I am interested in avoiding conflicts Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, a not know who Mr. L'Heureux is? He is or absences of authority in implementing point of order. an employee of the Federal Government. whatever legislation might be enacted. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does .He is in charge of-the Visa Division of the H. J. L'HEUREUX, the Senator from New York yield for that State Department, but, Mr. President, Chi ef, Visa Division. purpose? Dean Acheson is boss. The Justice De partment is boss of the consular service. Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, will Mr. LEHMAN. I yield. Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I They have entered into an agreement the Senator yield? whereby they, if you please, let the very Mr. LEHMAN. I yield. ask that during the deliberations we yield for questions only, rather than for _people who used to work for the Senator Mr. HUMPHREY. As one of the from New York when he was head of Members of this body, I wish to express affirmative statements. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen UNRRA, Mr. Squadrilli, in particular, my gratitude for the very informative who was the Senator's employee in statement which the junior Senator ato:: occupying the floor may yield for a question only. charge of this whole European affair, from New York has brought to our at take over the functions of the consular tention today. I have one final ques Mr. LEHMAN. I recognize that, and from now on I shall yield for questions service and the Immigration Service, and tion. The main issue which seems to they are bringing into this ·country black be before those persons who as yet have only. But I must answer the question of the Senator from Indiana, and I am marketeers, perjurers, defrauders, and not determined the sort of legislation crooks of many other kindn. they would like to support, is the issue very glad to do so. The Senator, I think of whether the existing procedures of and hope, was on the floor when I read Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, may we investigation, as practiced under the Dis the statement of the Chief of the Im have the regular order? placed Persons Act, properly guarantee migration and Naturalization Service. Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, in the safety and security of our Nation, Mr. JENNER rose. · view of the fact that the rules of the and at the same time exclude those Mr. LEHMAN. The Senator from In Senate are so flagrantly violated, I ask persons who have subversive tendencies diana has asked the junior Senator from that the President invoke the rules so as or who in any way would be undesirable New York a question. to permit Senators to yield only for ques or a threat to national security. Mr. JENNER. I have not said a word. tions. Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, the [Laughter.] The PRESIDING OFFICEit. fovided, however, That where the feet to release or extinguish any penalty, transfer will be · to enable such creditor to debtor's own interest is only equitable, he forfeiture, or liability incurred under any obtain a greater percentage of his debt than can perfect a transfer thereof by any means act or acts of which this act is amendatory. some other creditor of the same class. appropriate fully to transfer an interest of b. The provisions of this amendatory act "(2) For the purposes of subdivisions a that character: And provided further, That shall govern proceedings so far as practicable and b of this section, a transfer of property nothing in paragraph ( 6) shall be construed and applicable in cases pending when it other than real property shall be deemed to to be contrary to the provisions of paragraph takes effect; but proceedings in cases then have been made or suffered at the time when (7). pending to which the provisions of this it became so far perfected that no subse "(7) Any provision in this subdivision a amendatory act are not applicable shall be quent lien upon such property obtainable by to the contrary notwithstanding if the ap disposed of conformably to the provisions of legal or equitable proceedings on a simple plicable law requires a transfer of property said act approved July 1, 1898, and the acts contract could become superior to the rights other than real property for or on account amendatory thereof and supplementary of the transferee. A transfer of real prop of a new and contemooraneous consideration thereto," and to amend the title so as to erty shall be deemed to have been made or to be perfected by - recording, delivery, or read: "An act to amend an act entitled 'An suffered when it became so far perfected that otherwise, in order that no lien described in a{:t to establish a uniform system of bank no subsequent bona fide purchase from the paragraph (2) could become superior to the ruptcy throughout the United States,' ap debtor could create rights in such property rights of the transferee therein, or if the proved July 1, 1898, and acts amendatory superior to the rights of the transferee. If applicable law requires a transfer of real thereof and supplementary thereto." any transfer of rea1 property is not so per property for such a consideration to be so fected against a bona fide purchase, or if perfected in order that no bona fide purchase Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, I any transfer of other property is not so per from the debtor could create rights in such think a word of explanation would do no fected against such liens by legal or equitable property superior to the rights of the trans harm. proceedings prior to the filing of a petition feree, the time of transfer shall be determined The purpose of this bill is to clarify .initiating a proceeding under this act, it by the following rules: section 60 of the Bankruptcy Act, which shall be deemed to have been made imme "I. Where (A) the applicable law specifies diately before the filing of the petition. a stated period of time of not more than 21 section deals with tlie matter of pref "(3) The provisions of paragraph (2) shall da,,.s after the transfer within which record erence. apply whether or not there are or were ing, delivery, or some other act is required, Under the law as it now exists and creditors who might have obtained such and compliance therewith is had within such more particularly by reason of court de liens upon the property other than real prop stated period of time; or where (B) the ap cisions construing said section 60, much , erty transferred and whether or not there plicable law specifies no such stated period of time or where such stated period of time uncertainty has arisen and now exists as are or were persons who might have be to the validity of certain normal busi come bona fide purchasers of such real prop is more than 21 days, and compliance there erty. with is had within 21 days afteir the trans ness transactions wherein credit is ad "(4) A lien obtainable by legal or equitable fer, the transfer shall be deemed to be made vanced on trust receipts and factors proceedings upon a simple contract within or suffered at the time of the transfer. liens (and other like paper such as oil the meaning of paragraph (2) is a lien aris "II. Where compliance with the law appli leases, cattle loans, airplane-equipment ing in ordinary course of such proceedings cable to the transfer is not had in accord financing, chattel mortgages, conditional upon the entry or docketing of a judgment ance with the provisions of subparagraph I, the transfer shall be deemed to be made or sales agreements for resale, and so forth) or decree, or upon attachment, garnishment, and they are treated as unsecured. execution, or like process, whether before, suffered at the time of compliance therewith, and if such compliance is not had prior to A recent decision of the United States upon, or after judgment or decree and the filing of the petition initiating a pro whether before or upon levy. It does not in District Court for the Eastern Division clude liens which under applicable law are ceeding under this act, such transfer shall of Virginia-matter of Harvey Distribu given a special priority over other liens which be deemed to have been made or suffered im ting Company, Incorporated, decided are prior in time. mediately before the filing of such petition. January 11, 1950, not yet officially re "(8) If no such requirement of applicable " ( 5) A lien obtainable by legal or equitable law specified in paragraph (7) exists a trans ported-was the first decision wherein proceedings could become superior to the 1 fer wholly or in part, for or on account of a the question had been directly raised and rights of a transferee or a purchase could new .and contemporaneous consideration it went so far as to treat such credit create rights superior to the rights of a shall, to the extent of such consideration transactions as tinsecure under the the transferee within the meaning of paragraph and interest thereon and the other obliga (2), if such consequences would follow only ory of the hypothetical bona fide pur tions of the transferor connected therewith, chaser test. from the lien or purchase itself, or from be deemed to be made or suffered at the time such lien or purchase followed by any step of the transfer. A transfer to secure a future S. 88 passed the Senate in language wholly within the control of the respective loan, if such .a loan is a.ctually made, or a acceptable to tlie Bankruptcy Confer UE--.,_ holder or purchaser, with or without transfer which becomes security for a future ence and the American Bar Association, the aid of ministerial action by public oftl loan, shall have the same effect as a trans speaking through its Sections of Corpo cials. Such a lien could not, however, be fer for or on account of a new and contem come so superior and such a purchase could ration, Banking and Business Law. It poraneous consideration." then passed the House of Representa not create such superior rights for the pur SEC. 2. Subdivision c of section 70 of such poses of paragraph (2) through any acts sub act, as amended, is amended to read as fol tives in a slightly different form, the only sequent to the obtaining of such a lien or lows: effect being to accomplish the same end, subsequent to such a purchase which require "c. The trustee may have the benefit of all with slightly different language. The the agreement or concurrence of any third defenses available to the bankrupt as against language of the House amendments is ·party or which require any further judicial third persons, including statutes of limita action, or ruling. equally acceptable and, therefore, it is tion, statutes of frauds, usury, and other per deemed proper that the Senate should "(6) The recognition of equitable liens sonal defenses; and a waiver of any such de where available means of perfecting legal fense by the bankrupt after bankruptcy concur in the House amendments. liens have not been employed is hereby de shall not bind the trustee. The trustee, as I therefore move that the Senate con . clared to be contrary to the policy of this to all property of the bankrupt at the date cur in the amendments of the House. section. If a transfer is for security and if of bankruptcy whether or not coming into The PRESIDING OFFICER. The (A) applicable law requires a signed and de possession or control of the court, shall be question is on the motion of the Senator · livered writing, or a delivery of possession, deemed vested as of the date of bankruptcy or a filing or recording, or other like overt with all the rights, remedies, and powers of from Nevada. action as a condition to its full validity a. creditor then holding a lien thereon by The motion was agreed to. against third persons other than a buyer in legal or equitable proceedings, whether or MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE the ordinary course of trade claiming through not such a creditor actually exists." or under the transferor and (B) such overt SEC. 3. a. All acts or parts of acts incon A message from the House of Repre action has not been taken, and ( C) such sistence with any provisions of this amenda- sentatives, by Mr. Swanson, one of its transfer results in the acquisition of only an tory act are hereby repealed. · reading clerks, announced that the equitable lien, then such transfer is not per b. If any provision of this amendatory act House had passed, without amendment, fected within the meaning of paragraph (2). or the application thereof to any person or Notwithstanding the first sentence of para circumstances is held invalid, such invalid the following bills of the Senate: graph (2), it shall not suffice to perfect a ity shall not af{ect other provisions or appli· S. 471. An, act for the relief of Lloyd Gor transfer which creates an equitable lien such cations of this amen,datory act which can be don Findley and Malcolm Hearne Findley, as !s described in the first J;entence of para given effect without the invalid provision or a minor; graph (6), that it is made for a valuable application, and to this end the provisions of S. 1310. An act for the relief of Pierre E. consideration and that both parties intend this amendatory act are declared to be sev Lefevre; to perfect it and that they take action suftl erable. S. 1394. An act for the relief of Monroe cient to effect a transfer as against liens by SEC. 4. Effect of this amendatory act: a. Kelly, rear admiral, United States Navy, re legal or equitable proceedings on a simple Nothing herein contained shall have the ef- tired; 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· SENATE 2919 S. 1413. An act for the relief of Maria Mar WHERRY] and other.Senators the possi day for a vote, to see just how many ob garete Otto; bility of trying to secure a unanimous jections would be made, or at what time S. 1447. An act for the relief of John M. consent agreement to vote upon the in the future agreement for a vote could Hart; S. 1552. An act for the relief of Ernest E. measure. I shall now place the unani be entered into. , Heintz; mous-consent request before the Senate Mr. FERGUSON. I have no objection S. 1737. An act for the relief of George M. for consideration. to a vote being had soon, but I under Vaughan; Mr. President, a parliamentary stood the distinguished Senator from S . 1764. An act for the relief of George K. inquiry. North Dakota was about to object to the Haviland; The PRESIDING OFFICER. The unanimous-consent request. · S. 2125. An act conferring jurisdiction Senator will state it. Mr. LANGER. Yes, Mr. President, I upon the United States District Court for Mr. LUCAS. Is a quorum present? wish to object. the District of Oregon to hear, determine, and render judgment upon the claims of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Yes; a Mr. FERGUSON. Therefore, it was J. N. Jones and others; and quorum is present. my belief that if the Senator from Illi S. 2429. An act for the relief of Henrique Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, I ask nois would withhold his request I could Santos. unanimous consent that on the calendar perhaps work out an amendment which day of Wednesday, March 8, 1950, begin would prove satisfactory, and which The message also announced that the ning at the hour of 12 'o'clock noon, might cut down the time of debate. House had agreed to the report of the debate on any amendment that may be Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, I shall re committee of conference on the dis pending, including the committee new my' request a little later. I am go agreeing votes of the two Houses on the amendments, or upon any amendment ing to see how long objection will be amendments of the Senate to the bill that . may be -proposed, including an continued, as I advance the time for a Austria, or Italy on a particular documents which, as the practice is, are Mr. Almanza Tripp, whoin I have pre date and that they were in one of the western binding upon the representatives of this viously identified, testified as follows: zones or sectors or.. January 1, 1948, or other Government? wise, if that is tlie case. Mr. TRIPP. Yes. Question. Do you know of any_ instances in which the Displaced Persons CommLssion The records and certifications by the Mr. Ldward M. Glasek, who was for or its employees have solicited pardons for International Refugee Organization are merly employed by the Displaced Persons convicted displaced persons in order to make prepared by displaced persons employed Commission in Europe, in a report dated them eligible under the law? by the International Refugee Organiza May 11, 1949, addressed to the Chairman Mr. TRIPP. I know that IRO does that. IRO of the Displaced Persons Commission, in fact maintains a legal division just to try tion. to get pardons for displaced persons. Mr. Main, whom I have previously said, among other things: identified, further testified as follows: Issuance of documents by mo has become Mr. Tripp is now in charge of the Mr. MAIN. I think that these decisions as a complete racket and is unworthy of rel1- immigration detail for all Europe. He to eligibility under the act and section 2 (b) abil1ty. is a career man in the Government. of the act, which is an interpretation of IRO's Individuals who normally could not qual Testimony before the committee by ify present false documents which are read constitution, that decision should be made field employees o~ the Displaced Per by citizens of the United States. ily accepted and often such individuals are sons Commission, and by the officer in Question. Are these people in mo who coached by the IRO interviewers as to their make their determination on those two a.nswers. If the prospective candidates do charge of the immigration detail in points in some instances citizens of countries not possess docufnents, IRO has the author Europe, described numerous instances of other than the United States. ity to issue such on the mere statement of pressure by officers of the Displaced Per- Mr. MAIN. I think in most instances. the individual under oath. The applicants . sons Commission in every phase of the Question. What countries are they citizens a.re interviewed by indigenous clerks and operation. This pressure is exerted not of, for the most part? these documents are certified by mo officers only on the employees of the Commission, Mr. MAIN. They are what they call class I without a direct contact with the candidates. This procedure offers an opportunity for but upon the United States consuls and employees of mo, which includes English, upon the 'immigration officers . . Seven Dutch, Canadian, and all participants of the Widespread bribery and corruption. IRO, I think. out of nine employees in the office under Question. To what extent are the records of Mr. President, do you suppose a Com one area director, who had formerly been the mo, which you receive, prepared by dis munist, a subversive, wanting to get into associated with a voluntary agency, went placed persons themselves? this great land of ours, ·would hesitate to to the European headquarters to protest, Mr. MAIN. Almost all of the records, the make a false am.davit? but were transferred. documentation received, is prepared by dis This is not propaganda, I may say, One field employee of the Displaced placed persons employed by mo. inspired by a $1,000,000 lobby. These are Persons Commission testified with re Question. In connection with the docu the statements of employees who were spect to the action of a senior officer of mentation that you receive from mo, on present in Europe, and who have seen the Commission who had sought a par which it makes determinations and decisions the manner in which the law is admin- binding upon •the Commission, the records don for a convicted displaced person in· are prepared by displaced persons themselves, istered. · order to make him eligible for immigra is that correct? On February 6, 1950, John Wilson tion into the United States. Mr. MAIN. The records themselves are usu Cutler, Jr., who is employed by the Dis Another field employee testified that ally prepared by displaced persons. placed Persons Commission in Germany, approximately 50 percent of his rejec The certifications, however, are in the testified in public session before the Sen tions of ineligible displaced persons were names of the class I employees, not displaced ate Committee on the Judiciary as fol persons. overruled. lows: That is a matter of public record, Mr. M_·. Almanza Tripp, who is the officer On the IRO report you must remember President, available to every Senator. in charge of the immigration detail sta that the job of the International Refugee Organization is to get rid of the displaced This witness testified that approximately tioned in Europe to examine displaced persons, as many and as soon as possible, 50 percent of his rejections of ineligible persons, testified in public session before no matter how; that is their job. The displaced persons were overruled. He the Senate Committee on the Judiciary people who do the actual work are all DP's, was told, "Take them, anyway." on February 15, 1950. His testimony is practically all. There is an IRO eligib111ty Another former field employee of the a matter of public record. It is avail- officer who will be allied personnel, who is Displaced Persons Commission presented 1950 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-SENATE. 2923 to the committee numerous :files of cases Mr. CRAIG. He sa:d that individual who had Shortly after this, that is, four of us from in which he had been directed to "white ... been giv i ~g t hese derogatory reports-that he our organization at Butzbach-and there h ad put pressure on, and that the individual were about six there at the time, at the same wash" ineligible displaced persons. who had been giving these derogatory reports time or shortly thereafter-- I presided at that hearing, myself. It had been transferred. Question. Where did you four go, the four was a public hearing, and the notes have Question. He had put the pressure on that you make reference to? You say you been transcribed. In other words, Mr. whom? went somewhere. President, his :files showed on the face Mr. CRAIG. On the CIC. Mr. CUTLER. We went to Frankfurt. of them that these persons were ineligi Question. To do what? ble. He presented to me the actual :files That shows, Mr. President, that they Mr. CUTLER. To complain about the existing when I presided at the hearing. His su are putting pressure on the CIC, which situation. At that time we were concerned periors, who were administering the law, is the only body left to check on the with the fact that we were not allowed to security risk of displaced persons. see the DP's we selected. In doubtful cases said, ''Go ahead and justify this person we wished to be able to interview the ap anyhow." I call it "Operation White We hear Senators saying, "This coun try is protected. These applicants fol plicant to see if by a personal investigation, wash." They do not care what kind of interview, we could determine certain facts; persons are coming to this country. low a certain process. They go to CIC and we were told we could not. for a security check." But if CIC does They say, "Whitewash them; make them I shall quote further from the young eligible; get them to the honeypot of the not play ball with the Displaced Persons Commission staff in Europe, they get veteran's testimony. · world." their heads chopped of! or they get trans Mr. EASTLAND. Mr. President, will The officer in charge of the immigra the· Senator yield for a question? tion detail in Europe, Mr. Tripp, testi ferred. Testimony before the committee by Mr. JENNER. I yield. fied that the officers of the Displaced :field employees of the Displaced Persons Mr. EASTLAND. The Senator said a Persons Commission requested him to Commission was to the effect that they selector could not even see the peoplE." refrain from interrogating applicants whom he was selecting. That is the concerning their eligibility under the had been ordered by the European head quarters of the Displaced Persons Co.m testimony. Who did the actual select~ displaced persons law so that there mission to withdraw adverse reports from ing? would be fewer cases held for investiga the :files on cases which had been re Mr. JENNER. The IRO. As the evi· tion. jected, and that although, in one area, dence given by officials in the :field clearly It is said that the Immigration Serv a letter indicating that the adverse re shows, the papers were handled and the ice has the veto, but it does not exercise port had been withdrawn was inserted :files were made u.p by displaced persons. it, foil owing the theory of calculated in the :file, this was not the practice in Mr. EASTLAND. Would the Senator risk. Mr. Tripp testified that those offi other areas. In six of the areas, Mr. say that, in reality, displaced persons cers came to him and told him not even President, there were adverse reports in were selecting displaced persons? to interrogate displaced persons, because the :files. When the reports were taken Mr. JENNER. Exactly. That is how it would hold them up, and they did not out and the :file passed on to the immi the practice works out. Oh, I know it is want them held up. gration and consular people, they had said that the consular service may veto Only 2 days ago, Mr. Squadrilli, who no knowledge of the adverse report, be a selection. The law says that the Im was before the committee, when asked cause it had been deleted and withheld migration and Naturalization Service about it, did not even deny it. We have on instructions of the Displaced Persons shall-have the right of veto. I know that heard a great deal regrrding Mr. Squad Commission in Europe. There was noth is the intention of Congress, as I proved rilli. The junior Senator.from New York ing on which to base a security check. yesterday by the records and debate. [Mr. LEHMAN] knows him well, because They had no reason to exercise their veto. The junior Senator from Michigan U\'-f. when the junior Senator from New York Mr. President, these are facts, not FERGUSON 1 said he tried to have inserted was the head of UNRRA, Mr. Squadrilli propaganda. There is no million-dollar a provision that the Displaced Persons was one of his employees. Mr. Squad lobby behind this statement. The testi Commission should do the processing, rilli is now the European coordinator for mony was given by young Americans but his amendment was voted down. the displaced-persons law, in Europe. working for the United States Govern That is a matter of record. I presented Mr. Tripp further testified with refer ment, who had sufficient courage, in spite those facts yesterday. ence to representations which had been of the fact that they might be trans Mr. EASTLAND. Under the order of made to him that the European coordi ferred or might lose their jobs, to appear the Displaced Persons Commission, nator for the Displaced Persons Commis before the Judiciary Committee and pre which the Senator from Mississippi sion, Mr. Squadrilli, had solicited certain sent the facts. placed in the RECORD, the rule is that on persons to complain of Mr. Tripp's ad Mr. John Wilson Cutler, Jr., who was matters of eligibility the decision of the ministration of the Immigration Service a :field employee of the Displaced Per Displaced Persons Commission is :final. in Germany. sons Commission, testified before the Mr. JENNER. That is correct. They A :field employee of the Displaced Per committee as fallows: are violating the law of the country by sons Commission testified that a senior Mr. CUTLER. What I want to·say is that the administrative order. officer of the Displaced Persons Commis reason that I have come over here and jeop Mr. EASTLAND. Will the Senator sion, who was formerly with one of the ardized my position-and I want to say now state whether or not the record shows voluntary agencies, stated in a staff that I have a very good job, as far as salary any information to the effect that ad meeting to the :field employees that if is concerned, I made more money than I verse reports are taken from :files? they could not reconcile certain irregular made before in my position, and my wife and I are perfectly happy in Germany-but Mr. JENNER. I just covered that practices with their consciences, they subject partially. We have seven areas should quit their jobs. the fact is that things like this and the steady pressure on everybody to pass everything no in Europe. In all the areas except one, Get that, Mr. President-if they could matter how, if you can't prove it, pass it, adverse reports were taken out of :files. not reconcile certain irregular practices it has been that way in every bit of the whole Mr. EASTLAND. Is the Senator able with their consciences, they should quit organization. That is not only in the DP to state how the Consular Service or the their jobs. organization, but it spreads down to the Immigration and Naturalization Service Another :field employee of the ,Dis lowest DP clerk, the personal eligibility, the could veto an applicant when they do placed Persons Commission testified be selector, the analyst, and even to the senior officer. not have information in the :file on which fore the committee with reference to a to act? senior officer of the Displaced Persons The reason I say that is that originally in Butzbach, four of us had gone tc. Butzbach Mr. JENNER. They cannot do so. Commission, who formerly had been with to complain, before this thing ali took place, They would have to be a Houdini, or a voluntary agency, as follows: before the VVN, and we had been told that better. Question. Did Mr. Bashein indicate in this we had no right to question what our superior Mr. LANGER. Mr. President, will the staff conference that he was the moving force officer told us and that we had no right to which caused the transfer of the CIC man reject anybody, that. if we wanted to reject Senator yield? who had been giving derogatory reports? somebody we had to hand the case over to Mr. JENNER. I yield for a question. Mr. CRAIG . He did. him and he could overrule us at any time. Mr. LANGER. Do I correctly under Question . What did he say on that point Question. Who could overrule you? stand, from· what the Senator has said, specifically, as you recall? Mr. CUTLER. The senior officer. that an international organization, that 2924 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 7 is, the mo, decides who may come into about his request, advice, and statements munist agents are coming into this coun- . the United States? to the Senate Judiciary Committee. try as displaced persons. Mr. JENNER. Worse than that. Dis Was the Senator present when Mr. Mr. JENNER. Plenty of them are. placed persons within that organization L'Heureux, of the State Department, To answer the Senator's question, I will actually make the selections. I shall get came before the Judiciary Committee? read from the testimony given in execu to that organization in a minute, and I Mr. JENNER. I was. tive session before the Senate Commit shall show who the employees are and Mr. EASTLAND. For what purpose tee on the Judiciary in January of this where they came from. was he called before the committee? · year, of a witness who was formerly di I further quote, from Mr. Cutler's Mr. JENNER. He was called before rector of certain phases of Army intel testimony: the committee to tell us how better we ligence work in Germany, and who has Now, in the Munich area, for instance, could protect the security and safety of an intimate knowledge of security prob that is the one area that I know, you have our Nation. lems in connection with the displaced always been allowed to interview applicants Ml'.. EASTLAND. What was his rec persons program. of doubtful caliber. ommendation? Question. Colonel, do you know of cases in Shortly thereafter, seven people, seven which there were adverse security reports on members of the Ludwigsburg Mission, went Mr. JENNER. His recommendation displaced persons, but in which cases they to Frankfurt for more or less the same reason, was that if the State Department had to the best of my knowledge. the final authority, it could greatly pro were brought to this country notwithstand Question. What did your group of four tect the security and safety of our Na ing adverse security reports? do when they went to Frankfurt? tion. The WITNESS. Yes, sir. Mr. CUTLER. We asked Mr. Squadrilli if Mr. EASTLAND. Was veto power Question. I did not understand whether we could not be permitted to see certain · the colonel thinks that investigation would given to the State Department? - disclose that among the persons who have DP applicants about which questions had Mr. JENNER. It was given in the been raised regarding their eligibility. come over as displaced persons are Commu Question. Was that their eligibility, or committee bill, but not in the substitute nists. their loyalty? bill introduced by 18 Senators. The WITNESS. I am quite sure of it, sir. Mr. CUTLER. That was at that time their Mr. EASTLAND. Was that done at That, Mr. President, is typical. Simi eligibility. This was very early in the pro the request of Mr. L'Heureux? lar evidence runs through the hearings. gram: 2 months after the commencement Mr. JENNER. It was done at the re of the program. quest of Mr. L'Heureux. ·At least that Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, will In Ludwigsburg, seven members of the is why I gave my consent to it. I wanted the Senator yield? team, out of a total membership of nine, the State Department to have that Mr. JENNER. I yield for a question. went to Frankfurt for the same reason, or Mr. McCARRAN. Is it not true that more or less the same reason. power. Of course, I know that the State Question. What were you told in Frank Department has that power now under when the colonel was testifying it was furt? · the law, but I thought there was no disclosed, by way of his qualifications, Mr. CUTLER. We were told that we had ;.10 harm in writing such a provision into that he had served for a number of years right to question the orders of. the senior the· bill, and thus accentuating the fact in the Counter Intelligence Corps of the officer and that if he had given us those that they should have such authority. Army. instructions, we were to follow them out. Mr. JENNER. That is correct. Question. Who are the senior officers? Mr. EASTLAND. Did Mr. L'Heureux Could you tell us about them? state that such r.uthority was needed? Mr. EASTLAND. Mr. President, will Mr. CUTLER. Their names? Mr. JENNER. He told us the author the Senator yield? Question. Yes, sir. ity was needed. As I previously said, Mr. JENNER. I yield for a question. Mr. CUTLER. They are Mr. Bashein. the fact is that on the expiration date of Mr. EASTLAND. And his testimony There are seven senior officers in Germany. our present law, June 30, 1950, a~l war was secured by virtue of that service in Question. Are they located in seven dif- displaced persons will either be resettled the Counter Intelligence Corps of the ferent places? or repatriated. However, Mr. President, Mr. CUTLER. Yes. Army? When I first went there there were seven there are hundreds of thousands of per Mr. JENNER. That is correct. His senior officers in Germany. · I can give you sons who since the end of the war have testimony was not given before the sub the names: Mr. Bashein, Miss Ruskin, Miss been registering with the International committee, however; it was given before Myerson, Mr. Hoexter, Mr. Main, and Mr. Refugee Organization as displaced per the full committee. He was such an im Dervan, and Mr. Conan. son;;, and who are now seeking to enter Portant witness that we brought him be Question. How many of these senior offi the United States in displaced-person fore the full committee. cers were formerly affiliated with one of the status. Included in the group, of course, groups which ls active in expediting the The senior Senator from Mississippi work of aliens in their emigration to the are deserving people. But included in [Mr. EASTLAND] also laid before the Sen United States? the group also are the riff raff of Europe, ate the facts with reference to penetra Mr. CUTLER. At least three of those. the cri~inal element, blacl.: marketeers, tion of Communist agents and subver subversives, and others of that kind, who sives. Now I should like to invite the Three out of seven areas. are perverting our displaced-persons attention of the Senate to the extensive Question. Who are they? program to their own design. smuggling and black-market operations Mr. CUTLER. Mr. Bashein, Miss Ruskin, and The Senator from Mississippi [Mr. which are centered in the displaced-per Miss Myerson, and Mr.. Kaplan-well, he isn't EASTLAND] a few days ago laid the facts sons groups. a senior officer. Question. What is Mr. Kaplan's function? before the Senate with reference to the Mr. President, these are facts. I do Mr. CUTLER. He is the executive assistant extensive fraud ·which was being prac not· think they have been brought out to Mr. Squadrilli. ticed. He was not reciting propaganda, during the debate. I am sure the Amer Question. What is his background? but was quoting the testimony of persons ican people are completely ignorant of Mr. CUTLER. He was formerly employed by who were on the firing line in the day most of these facts. I want to give them AJDC, which is American Joint Distribution by-day operations in Europe. to the people in the hope that the truth Committee. Mr. EASTLAND. Mr. President, will will become known. Four out of eight principal officers are the Senator yield for another question? Mr. President, let me relate the testi former employees of these voluntary or Mr. JENNER. I yield. mony of a witness who was an agent of ganizations whose job it is to expedite Mr. EASTLAND. The Senator from the United States Army criminal investi immigration to America. Mr. Squadrilli, New York, in an attack upon the Senator gation division with reference to smug the boss of all of them, is a former from Mississippi, read·a atatement to the gling and black-market activities of dis UNRRA employee, by Mr. LEHMAN'S ap- effect that Mr. Peyton Ford, of the State placed persons. He explained that the pointment. · Department, said that no criminals and United States Government permits any Mr. EASTLAND. Mr. President, will no Communist agents were coming into authorized charitable organization to the Senator yield for a question? this country, or words to that effect. I send material to persons in Germany, Mr. JENNER. I yield. should like to ask the Senator if the free of taxes. An investigation disclosed Mr. EASTLAND. Question has been testimony from security officers in Eu hundreds of tons of coffee were being raised in a telegram from Mr. L'Heureux rope shows that criminals and Com- shipped from Switzerland,in the name of 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 2925 a displaced-persons organization that Mr.. JENNER. Mr. President, I am The witness further testified that as was engaged in black-market operations. speakmg of the Berger case. This is a result of the Berger case the Criminal Question. Mr. Witness, will you explain for typical of black market operations. Investigation Division agents went to a the committee the Berger case, known as No . . The WITNESS. The .Berger case occurred warehouse in the Frankfurt area, and 52 C. I. D. 815? between the months of June and possibly that an examination of the books showed This is a specific case. August, 1949. · . that over 500 tons of this coffee had been Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, will That is from last June to August. smuggled in by this one ring, which in- the Senator yield? And the witness is an Ai-my investigator. volved several displaced persons. · Mr. JENNER. I yield for a question, Information came to us- Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will the Senator yield for a question? yes. He said- Mr. McCARRAN. I wish to ask if Mr. JENNER. Yes. I may have unanimous consent that the that certain displaced persons were bring Mr. WHERRY. Has that evidence Senator from Indiana may yield so I may ing huge quantities of coffee into Germany. been printed so that the Members of It was being smuggled in or brought in under the Senate can see or read it? suggest the absence of a quorum. I the name of charity. think it is a very unhappy situation that Mr. JENNER. I am reading it right but few Senators are listening to facts Mr. President, the displaced persons now. That evidence has all been taken. elicited from competent witnesses on ex engaged with the Berger brothers in this Mr. WHERRY. Has it been printed? ceedingly important matters which must smuggling and black-market movement Mr. JENNER. Does the Senator mean be voted on within a short time. It made many thousands of dollars. Under printed in book form? seems to me all Senators should be ap the German tax rate, the tax on coffee is Mr. WHERRY. Yes. prised of the facts which are now being over 10 D marks per kilo, which is ap Mr. JENNER. No. The Senator will presented. Therefore I wish to have proximately 2 pounds. That would be a understand that the powerful lobby the opportunity to suggest the absence value of around $2.50 in taxes for 2 which had nearly $1,000,000 which it of a quorum, so Senators may be present pounds. The actual cost of the coffee spent to propagandize the bill, brought and hear what the Senator from Indiana in the European theater is approximately tremendous pressure upon this body, so is saying. 45 cents a pound. There would be a the Senate was deprived of many cour Mr. JENNER. Mr. President, I do not charge, then, of around $2.50 in taxes tesies it might otherwise have had. The committee was not permitted to go want to lose my righ~ to the floor. I on a pound of coffee. But, by reason of am nearly through with my speech. I the coffee being for charity, it came in ahead and take evidence and testimony. shall be· glad to yield, however, so the tax-free. Therefore, the displaced per We were under instructions from this Senator may suggest the absence of a sons were able to realize a profit of body to report a bill January 30. Much quorum, provided it is understood I shall nearly 150 percent because of the eva of this evidence is coming in right now. not lose my right to the floor thereby. sion of this tax. ~r. Squadrilli and others are just com The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there The Criminal Intelligence Division be mg back from Europe. We did not have gan to go into the task of apprehending them available before. We took testi objection to the request that the Senator mony only this morning. may yield without losing his right to the these individuals? They went to whom? floor? . - They went to Mr. Squadrilli's ·office and Mr. WHERRY. Will the Senator saw Mr. Kaplan. I will have to tell the yield? Mr. NEELY. Mr. President, I am Mr. JENNER. I yield. sorry, but those of us in. the rear can Senate again that Mr. Kaplan is the ad not hear what is going on. ministrative assistant of Mr. Squadrilli. Mr. WHERRY. I see a number of They saw Mr. Kaplan and other officials volumes of testimony on the desk of the Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, I of the Displaced Persons Commission. Senator from Nevada. have just stated that it is a very unhappy They discovered that three of the Ber Mr. JENNER. That is a part of the situation that the Senator from Indiana gers were in various processes of coming evidence from which I am reading to the is reciting testimony taken at great ex Senate now. pense to the Government, from wit to the United States. nesses who were brought here from long Question. As displaced persons? Mr. WHERR"S'.. Are those volumes distances, and is- reciting it to empty transcripts of the committee's work? Now, Mr. President, this is a typical Mr. JENNER. Yes; typewritten tran desks. I think we should have a quorum case. It is not an isolated case. call. Therefore, I ask unanimous con scripts. The WITNESS. Yes, sir. All of these per Mr. WHERRY. Has any of that been sent that the Senator from Indiana may sons I am speaking of are displaced persons, yield, without losing the floor, so the all of t:hem. printed for the information of the Senator from Nevada may suggest the Senate? That is the question I raised a absence of a quorum. · One Berger was located in the French while ago. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there zone and a warrant was obtained for Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, will objection? him. A second Berger was located, the Senator from Indiana yield? . whose name was Geno. The third Ber Mr. JENNER. I yield. Mr. LONG. Mr. Pres~dent, I wish to say . that I personally am interested in ger, the witness stated, was not located. Mr. McCARRAN. I will reply to the hearing the testimony, but may be able to It was found that Alexander Klein, alias question of the Senator from Nebraska remain in the Senate Chamber only for Alexander Berger, and Josef Berger had by saying that it has not been printed another half hour or so. I am interested previously been called and arraigned by because the hearings have not ·yet beeO: in hearing what the Senator is now pre the military court. They were released concluded. senting. If the Senator from Nevada on their own recognizance. Alexander Let me say that the Senator from however, believes that a larger audienc~ Klein had in his possession a kennkarte Michigan [Mr. FERGUSON] and the Sena should be present, and wishes to sug identifying himself as Alexander Ber~ tor from West Virginia CMr. KILGORE] gest the absence of a quorum, I shall not ger, and he had been cleared and was questioned several witnesses, some of object. However, I should like to hear about ready to. come to the States under whom arrived here only a few days ago, this particular phase of the speech being the name of Alexander Klein. That, Some of them were heard this morning· made by the Senator from Indiana. Mr. President, is typical of the fraud and others are waiting to be heard. ' Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President in perjury and the deception that goes on Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, will the Bible it is said that there shall be in getting such persons to this country. the Senator yield? more joy in heaven over one sinner that Mr. JENNER. I yield for a question. The Berger brothers were brought to Mr. FERGUSON. I ask unanimous repenteth, than over ninety and nine trial in a military court and were found just persons, who need no repentance. consent that I may make & few remarks guilty of smuggling. But, Mr. President, relative to the statement which has Therefore I shall not ask for a quorum all three of these men either have immi call. previously been made. grated or are now in the process of Mr. LANGER. At this time, I object. Mr. LONG. I appreciate the Senator's immigrating to the United States as dis fairness. Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President will placed persons. the Senator yield h me at this time? XCVI--185 ·2926 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 7 Mr. JENNER. I yield if I do not cussed ·on the floor of the Senate before intent of Congress as expressed iii the thereby lose my right to the floor. the hearings were concluded and print law; they flaunt the law itself right in Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, I ask ed and made available to Senators on the face of Congress. unanimous consent that in yielding to their desks, so that they could interpret The only difference between the two me, the Senator from Indiana will not the evidence. Not only is it ridiculous measures before us is that the committee lose his right to the floor. to have such a situation as the present bill tries to spell out and point to the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without one, but certainly it is· a weak position tact that the Immigration and Natural objection, it is so ordered; and the Sena to be in-namely, to ask Senators to pass ization Service and the consular service tor from Michigan may proceed. judgment on such proposed legislation, must have the veto and must exercise Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, in but not let them have an opportunity the veto in regard to this class of cattle; reference to the hearings which are going to read the evidence. but the substitute has nothing to do with on at the present time, it is true that the Mr. JENNER. Mr. President, the wit tightening up on the security of this Senator from Michigan, the Senator from ness I was quoting further testified that country. As a matter of fact, the pro West Virginia, and, I .think, the Senator the displaced persons who were engaged posed substitute pats on the back those from Missouri, asked that certain wit in coffee black-market racketeering were responsible for the present situation and nesses be brought here in order that cer paid in American green dollars, which is says to them, "Go on, boys; you are doing tain items might be cleared up. But I absolutely forbidden by law in Germany. a fine job in bringing to the United wish to say to the Senate that these items As a typical mustration, he told of an States racketeers, forgers, defrauders, are in regard to the administration of instance in which the American agents and criminals. Bring them on to Amer the law. They do not necessarily refer seized a truck in which some displaced ica." That is the difference between the at all to defects in the present law, but persons were transporting black-market two measures. they relate to the administration of the coffee. The displaced persons had from As I said yesterday, even the commit law. No Member of the Senate is more $3,000 to $5,000 in American cash in their tee bill, if it becomes law, will not do a concerned than I am with the proper pockets. It is unlawful to have Ameri bit of good as long as Dean Acheson, in administration of the law. I have stated can money over there, but they had the State Department, and the Depart that I believe that the administrative plenty of it. The serial numbers of this ment of Justice, refuse to uphold the portions of the law can be worked out as cash showed that all of it came from laws of this country so as to protect the a result of the investigation and as a banks in the New York area. safety and security of· our Nation. So result of advice given by the Senate to In another case, several 100-pound long as that situation continues it will the administrators of the law. bags of coffee were found stored in the not matter what sort of law we pass, for I am sure there is not a member of the Wiesbaden chapter of the German Red all this corruption comes from the ad committee who wishes to allow to enter Cross center. The authorities called the ministration. this country anyone who would be a se president of this chapter and asked if Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will curity risk. It was only fair to the Com he had any coffee, and he advised tnat the Senator yield further? mission that it be given an opportunity to he had none. It was found that the dis Mr. JENNER. I Yield for a question. testify, so that all may know how the law placed persons were using the. Wiesbaden Mr. WHERRY. In setting up a new is being administered. chapter of the Red Cross headquarters definition, however, it is the intention I simply wish to make this statement as a storage for this smuggled coffee, and of the committee, as I now understand, at this time to clarify the record in re it was revealed that eight displaced per to authorize and define what ::i displaced gard to what. is going on at the present sons were involved in that coffee deal. ·person is. If that definition is adhered time. The hearings are not held for the Mr. President, that is just a typical to, the administration problems will be purpose of writing a bill, but they ;lre for example of the operations of the smug cured; will they not? the purpose of clarifying the administra gling ring, which is highly organized, Mr. JENNER. That is correct; at tion of the present law, the law now on and its members have their pockets full least we shall have Americans, rather the statute books, and ~ o indicate what of ·American money, generally from New than displaced persons in the IRO, make we may expect in regard to the adminis York. up the file and the procedure to be tration of any new law we may enact. Certainly a fine bunch of people are followed. Mr. WHERRY. Mr. Presiden.t, will being brought over here when persons Mr. LONG. Mr. President, will the the Senator yield·, so that I may ask a of that type come to the United States. Senator yield? question of the Senator from Nevada? I do not wish to be misunderstood. Of Mr. JENNER. I yleld for a question. Mr. JENNER. Provided I may do so course, many good displaced persons Mr. LONG. This question involves a without losing my right to the floor. come to the United States. But I am letter which I received yesterday from a The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without fighting with all the power and strength friend in whom I have the utmost confi objection, it is so ordered. I have to keep the gangsters, the rack dence, having known this particular Mr. WHERRY. In line with what the eteers, the subversives, the Communists, Army officer and having gone to law ·senator froni Michigan has said, Mr. those who will imperil the safety and security of this Nation, from coming into school with him. I read from his letter: President, I repeat the question: Are I have been very much interested in this those the transcripts of evidence which the United States. DP discussion that the Senate has been hav has been taken by the committee on all I have given the cold facts, which ing recently, and just wanted to inform you matters pertaining to the proposed legis show that many of the undesirable types that it is generally ·known over here- lation, and are the transcripts in print, of displaced persons are coming into the so that the Senate may see all the evi United States-not in isolated instances Meaning in Germany; he happens to dence which has been adduced as indi but in wholesale g-roups. When Mr. be an Army officer stationed in Germany, cated by those transcripts? Tripp says there are in the United States but he was a lawyer before he joined the Mr. McCARRAN. In reply, let me say 30,000 displaced persons who are of Army- that these are transcripts of hearings doubtful eligibility, we know what kind by all personnel familiar with the processing conducted by the Judiciary Committee of people we are getting, do we not? of those DP's that there has been consider able evidence of fraud through the screen on this subject and its various phases, Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will ing processes prior to their receiving a permit but they have not been printed. the Senator yield on that point? to enter the States. Mr. WHERRY. And they are not Mr. JENNER. I yield for a question. In one particu lar incident that I was per available to the Members of the Senate Mr. WHERRY. In regard to the point sonally involved in-I was trying a courts as this subject is being discussed on the the Senator from Michigan made, is it martial case, and one of the key witnesses floor of the Senate. solely a question of administration, or is was a DP-during the process of investiga Mr. McCARRAN. They are right here it a matter of deliberate misinterpreta tion it was proven that he was a black on my desk. tion of the law? market operator, thief, and r acketeer. How Mr. JENNER. It is a deliberate vio ever, when h is testimony was needed for the Mr. WHERRY. That is my point. trial, he cduld not be found; and it was later Mr. President, this is the first time in lation of the present laws of this coun disclosed that he was on h is way to the all my experience in the Senate that a try, as passed by the Congress. I told States. It just seems strange t h at we stress piece of proposed legislation as far the Senate yesterday-and the record law enforcement within t he States, and yet reaching as the one now being consid speaks for itself-that those who are ad the screen ing process over h ere is so poor ered, at least, has been debated and dis- ministering the law entirely ignore the and the implication of graft exists in so 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 2927 many of the cases that I am. certain that the Mr. Carusi is Chairman of the Dis son, now in the United States, had stolen people in our States would have to make placed Persons Commission in Wash 125,000 sheets. That is a lot of sheets. room for-either in our prisons or by our ington-not in Europe; he operates here. [Laughter.] It is merely an example of welfare programs. Squadrilli takes care of things in Europe. the kind of people we are admitting. It Is that in line with what the Senator ' Mr. Carusi must have had some knowl is not an isolated instance; there is case has been saying about the investigation? edge or some question about the fraud after case. Mr. JENNER. Yes; it is the old, old and corruption, because he asked for an Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will the story all over again. But, Mr. President, investigation to see if it were possible Senator yield for a question? Senators who present these facts are to determine the percentage of cases The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does charged with misrepresentation. based on false documents that were slip the Senator from Indiana yield to the Yesterday, as I walked off the :floor of ping through the consulate. The witness Senator from Nebraska? the Senate, a gentleman who serves in continued: Mr. JENNER. The witness Tripp said the United States Army, and who had Secondly, he' wanted a structure of advice there were about 30,000 cases involving been in the gallery, came to me and said, as to how these shortcomings could be recti doubtful eligibility. I do not know. It "Senator, I am very glad that some fied. We went to five of the consuls and may run higher than that. I yield to the American has the courage to stand up received a cross section, I do not recall the Senator from Nebraska. and at least tell the American people exact number but I think we got 30 or 45 what is going on." of these . documents. We took them to Mr. WHERRY. That is what I was various German laboratories because they about to ask. The Senator probably de I said to this distinguished gentleman, rived the figure "30,000" from the fact "Why can't you help me? Why can't were all German documents for examination. These examinations proved them to be that the man in question was the appli you talk about this matter to your Sen fraudulent because of different types of ink cant in one of the 30,000 cases involving ators? You have been abroad for 3¥2 and paper and various other things. Every doubtful eligibility. years, and you have seen this fraud and one that we submitted was fraudulent. On corruption and perjury and black-mar Mr. JENNER. There is no question the basis of that cross section we estimated about it. The military authorities in ket racketeering.'' at that time that appro~imately 5,000 of He said, ''Yes, I have seen it all. But these had gotten through. Europe, after the man had arrived in the United States, learned about his having I do not dare talk about it. I am in the In that one area 5,000 cases had been Army, and I cannot talk." stolen 125,000 sheets. The Displaced processed on fraudulent documents. To Persons Commission learned about it, but Mr. President, is not that a shame? continue with the testimony: Mr. LONG. Mr. President, I am sure what did they care? They were little the Senator would not wish to have me Question. Gotten into the United States? concerned? So what did they do about The WITNESS. Had gotten through the con it? I quote the exact words of the wit divulge the name of the officer who wrote suls. the letter to me, although I can state Question. That they had gotten visas? ness: that he is a man of the highest honor The WITNESS. Apparently so, that is where We came to the United States and could and integrity. they go for the purpose of getting visas. not even interview him. We went to your Immigration Bureau- Mr. JENNER. Yes, I understand. It Mr. President, I would like to relate a is obvious that the authorities will pun few more incidents showing the type of It is under the Justice Department- ish anyone in the service who tries to pass some of the people we are receiving under in New York, and they said he was not de on vital information of that sort. If the our present displaced-persons program. portable, nor could we get h1m to come and names of such persons become known to speak to us even though we had proof that Question. Will you relate the ambulance he had stolen property willfully. the authorities, they will either fire them case, the DP camp running a black market or demote them or "get" them in some In cigarettes? Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, will way or other. The WITNESS. This is another thing. It the Senator yield? Let us go on with some of the facts. still runs along the same line, for dollars, for Mr. JENNER. I yield for a question. The witness further testified to another prohibitive goods. We received information case of illicit traffic in coffee, in -which that the United States Army ambulances that Mr. FERGUSON. Does the Senator five other displaced persons were ap had been donated to mo people in Frankfurt believe that the so-called sheet man is prehended. One of the displaced per had been stolen. One week later the ambu not deportable? sons had $3,500 in American $100 bills. lance from Zilesheim turned over in Frank Mr. JENNER. I certainly do not, but furt. In that we found 16 cases containing I am showing Senators how the law op The witness testified further respect 100 cartons each of cigarettes. ing another illicit syndicate of displaced erates. I am showing what kind of peo We finally got the man who was delivering is persons in Frankfurt that buys machin the cigarettes and we traced it back to the ple come into this country. It said, ery for Israel from the Russians on a ambulance driver in the camp who had given "If criminals have been admitted, they percentage basis. him the ambulance. can be deported." But not a single Mr. President, we are fighting a cold At the same time another vehicle was criminal has been deported. Not a black war, and here are displaced persons try picked up in Munich. marketeer or thug or crook of any kind ing to come to this country, who have That is the situation you have in the camp who has been admitted to this country taken American dollars, who are going and how reliable your officers may be. as a displaced person has been deported over to Russia to buy equipment to be Mr. President, let me relate another yet. . sent to Israel. · startling case: Mr. FERGUSON. If the Senator will Here is another excerpt from his testi Question. How about the Freeman case? yield, the Senator from Michigan may mony: The WITNESS. He was in the ambulance say he agrees with the Senator from In diana; it is not right. Question. What about the Instances in behind that. I believe he is in the States which you were offered bribes? now. Mr. JENNER. Of course it is not. The WrrNEss. I was offered this $3,500. There were 50 people involved there, and Mr. FERGUSON. It is not in accord Question. What were the circumstances they did not make a move on.it. ance with the law. But I do not see how under which the bribe was offered? Question. Is Freeman a displaced person? it can be made the basis of a criticism The WITNESS. He said, "Take the $3,500 and The WITNESS. Every person I have testified to is a displaced person. of the law. It is rather a criticism of let me go, nobody will know you have it." the administration of other laws. It's the usual offer. You might pick one up Question. When did he come? and he will have $4 and he will say, "Take the The WITNESS. The early part of 1949. Mr. JENNER. I think the Senator '4'." They have a dread of being finger Question. Do you have his first name from Michigan is going to come around printed. there? finally to supporting the committee bill. Question. Have you had contact with Mr. The WITNESS. I believe it was Leo Freeman. He is talking that way. It is exactly in Squadrilli, who is a Coordinator for the Dis Mr. President, in a recent colloquy on line with what we are trying to do. placed Persons Commission, with reference the floor of the Senate I referred to the Mr. FERGUSON. The Senator from to· the identity cards or on smuggling? Michigan intends to support whatever he The WITNESS. We will have to digress and famous sheet scandal, a. case involving go back to 1947. At that time Mr. Carusi a displaced person who had been ad believes is right; and he believes that the asked for an investigation to see if It were mitted subsequently to the United States. things which are being brought out in possible to determine the percentage of I was in error in saying he had stolen dicate that there has not been compli false documents that were slipping through 30,000 sheets. I wish to correct it. In ance with the various laws of the United the consulate. stead of 30,000 sheets, this displaced per- States. 2928 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 'MARCH 7 Mr. JENNER. That is what I have They can leave any time they get ready. No timony of a very successful farmer iri . been attempting for several days to say. State or National officials have any idea where the State of Virginia, by the name of they are or what they are doing when they That is what the committee has been leave, and it's my opinion that as soon as Lawrence Mister: saying for weeks. It is absolutely true. · they gravitate to some large center they go Question. Would you tell the committee Mr. FERGUSON. The failure is in on relief. the experience that you have had? the administration of the law. Mr. MISTER. Well, the experience is a rather Mr. JENNER. As I .said yesterday, it Mr. President, I should like to read to sad one. Of course, when we put our appli does not matter what kind of law is the Senate a letter from a district county cation in, we ask for farmers. The first that passed; as long as the State Department agent, sent to the Displaced Persons Com we got, the first impression I . got when I mission in care of the Statistical Section, met him at the station, was that I didn't and the Justice Department do not insist think he was going to do very much after I upon compliance with the laws of this Immigration and Naturalization Service, Washington, D. C. The letter is as fol sized him up. country, we are going to find Mr. Nevertheless, I took him over there and set Squadrilli and the Displaced Persons lows: him up and thought I would try him to see Commission bringing in all the kinds of This is to report to you that the displaced how he would catch on. ' cattle they may want to bring in. persons family for which we assumed the re Well, we tried to do just what we possibly sponsibility in September has followed the could to see what. he would do, and he just Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, will pattern of most of the other DP's in this the Senator yield for a question? wouldn't catch on . . So I began to question area; that is, they are leaving farm employ him. I asked him, "Did you ever do any Mr. JENNER. I yield for a question ment and going to the city. Our displaced farm work?" only. I want to get through. persons family, Waysal Seifel and family, will He said, · "No, sir." 24, Mr. FERGUSON. The Senator does leave Friday, February for Philadelphia, I said, "Did you know you were coming on not propose to write into the law, does he, Pa. a farm?" that no one who has stolen 125,000 sheets It is certainly evident that something needs to be done regarding the present system of He said, "Yes, sir." shall be permitted to enter the United placing displaced persons on farms. I have I said, "Why did you put your application States? had an opportunity to observe between 30 in as a farmer?" Mr. JENNER. No. What the Senator and 40 DP families and, with the exception He said, "I used that means so i could get from Indiana is advocating is a tighten of 1 or 2 instances, the DP families are not over here much faster." ing up of the law, to make it impossible staying with the farmers sufficiently long to And I asked him what kind of occupation for such a man to be admitted. take care of more than a very small fraction he did. He said, "I was civil engineer and of the expense which the farmers go to in instructor in some college." Mr. FERGUSON. The Senator from order to set up a home for these families who Michigan agrees with the Senator, and are supposedly in dire need of a home. This farmer testified that he had had will cooperate to that end. From all indicadons, there seems to be a eight cases similar to the one I have just Mr. JENNER. Then the Senator will concerted effort on the part of the DP families related. probably support the committee bill be to get to cities as rapidly as possible and when Mr. President, let me read a section fore this debate is concluded. the family leaves, they apparently keep in of the testimony given before the sub Mr. President, I should like to touch on close touch with any DP families in the committee by Mr. J. Ervin King, a farmer another phase of our displaced persons area from which they move and within a few of Davidsonville, Md., relating his ·expe weeks other DP families follow. program, namely, the importation of I might aid that I have also observed that rience with displaced persons sent to the alleged farmers. A week or so ago, 10 or most the DP families are very unapprecia United States as farmers. 12 agriculturalists from nearby States tive of what the American farmer has done Question. Were they competent farmers? appeared before the subcommittee, com or may be trying to do for them. What has been your experience along that plaining of the type of displaced persons I had great hopes for this program and line? sent to them as farmers. I should like was, in the beginning; very sympathetic Mr. KING. I haven't been to all the farm~. to relate part of the testimony given by toward the whole :mt-up. At the present but I have been to about 10 of them. In time, I seriously question the wisdom of these the 10 I haven't found one farmer. I found a county agent with about 30 years' ex families being admitted to America as farm a college professor; I found a man who was perience in the agricultural field. I quote lat-or. It is my observation that those that a mayor of a town; I found a man who was from his testimony: . are paid salaries equal to or above the local a justice of the peace; I found a man who From experience I have had dealing with prevailing wage do not stay with the farmer was a butcher; I think one of them told me the farmers and DP families, it is evident any longer than those receiving less. he was a bookkeeper and the other was an that something needs to be done regarding I am passing this information on to you accountant. the present system of placing displaced per for what it might be worth, and I feel that sons on farms. I am one of many who have been forced to Mr. President, I hold in my hand a Under our present tenant system, when a change. uur opinion of the displaced persons clipping from the New York Times, dated landlord makes a year's agreement with a program. March 1, 1950, in which the junior Sena tenant, which is usually about July, he is Very truly yours, tor from New York [Mr. LEHMAN] is satisfied that the tenant will remain during E. W. CARSON, quoted as saying that the present Dis that crop year. If he is to remain the second District Agent. placed Persons Act was basically cruel year, another agreement is made about July and deceptive, but that the alternative of the following year. Mr. THYE. Mr. President, will the It is quite different with the DP families. Senator yield? proposed by the Senator from Nevada They are sent to this country as farm laborers. Mr. JENNER. I yield for a question. [Mr. McCARRAN] was even worse. The farmer goes to considerable expense in Mr. THYE. May I have information Let us consider the principal provi preparing for them, such as furnishing a as to the district to which the Senator sions of the committee bill which the home, electric lights, heat, food, including refers? junior Senator from New York [Mr. LEH milk, grain for so many chickens, and grain Mr. JENNER. I was referring to a dis MAN] deems to be worse than basically for so many hogs; a good garden, with the cruel and deceptive, and compare those understanding that they can sell as many trict agricultural agent in the State of vegetables as they do not need for family Virginia. Several agriculturalists came provisions with. the principal provisions use; furnishing them transportation to gro before the committee and testified. What of the substitute. cery stores and church on Sunday; the school I have just read into the RECORD was a Let me get the picture before this body. bus picks them up near the door and, in letter. First of all, may we consider the screen addition, paying them $25 to $50 a week. Mr. THYE. I thank the Senator from ing provisions of the two bills. The pro , Taking everything into consideration, it Indiana. I am sorry that I was not pres vision of the committee amendment pro amounts to about $200 or more per month. Our observation of practically all of them ent at the beginning of the Senator's vides that the final determination of the is that they are unappreciative; do not take statement. I have just been relieved eligibility of the applicants, both under into consideration what is being done for from attendance on a conference com the displaced-persons law and under the them; only think of the money that is being mittee, and I was anxious to know to immigration laws, shall be made exclu paid them. It's money, money to get to the which district the Senator had reference. sively by the Immigration and Naturali city, or some large center. Mr. JENNER. Mr. President, I have zation Service and the American Foreign Every one of our farmers leans over back just given the Senate an over-all picture Service, both acting through persons who ward to keep things pleasant for them. It is my understanding that each farmer has to of the type of persons who are coming are citizens of the United States and who report to the State office every 6 months the to this country, on misrepresentation, as have not less than 3 years' experience· in DP's standing and progress he makes. No · farmers, under the displaced persons the Immigration and - Naturalization other check is made on these people at all. program. I should like to quote the tes- Service, or in the American Foreign Serv- 1950 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-SENATE 292~ ice. Why is that basically cruel and ization Service and in the American For Mr. JENNER. I should like tu conclude deceptive? eign Service. my remarks, then I shall be very glad Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will the That point was brought out in the de to yield for questions. Senator yield for a question? bate in the last session of Congress, when Now, Mr. President, let us look at an- · Mr. JENNER. I yield for a question. the original bill was passed, between the other provision, relating to the admin Mr. WHERRY. Was there any evi junior Senator from Michigan [Mr. istration of the law, which is contained dence submitted which is in direct oppo FERGUSON] and the Senator from Mis in the committee amendment which the sition to that provision? souri [Mr. DONNELL]. The Senator from junior Senator from New York deems to Mr. JENNER. The record is full of it. Michigan said that he did not want the be worse than basically cruel and de Mr. WHERRY. The Senator means UNRRA people running the program, ceptive. The junior Senator from New the transcript lying on the desk? and if he thought they would be run York said the other day that the original Mr. JENNER. The transcript is full ning it he would not be for that kind of bill was cruel anci deceptive, but that the of it and the record is full of it. bill. The Senator from Missouri said: McCarran bill, or the committee bill, is Mr. WHERRY. Why should there be "Don't you see that you are going to have worse than basically cruel and deceptive. any objection to the immigration author a duplication here?" As I have previously pointed out, be ities having the right of veto? Nevertheless, when the bill was origi cause the present law incorporates by Mr. JENNER. The junior Senator nally passed, as shown by the debate, reference the definition of a displaced from New York concedes they have that and the language of the law itself, the in person as contained in the constitution authority today. So what is wrong with tention of Congress was that th... Immi of the International Refugee Organiza such a provision? gration Service and the consular serv tion, the International Refugee Organ Mr. WHERRY. That is what I should ice should have the right of veto and the ization makes certain determinations like to know. final say. The Displaced Persons Com which in practice have been accepted as Mr. JENNER. That is what I am ask- mission was never intended to do the binding by the administrators of the law, , ing. ' screening, selecting, and processing in who represent the Government of the Mr. WHERRY. The question of ad Europe. They were supposed to sit in United States, ministration seems to be the big issue. Is the United States and furnish assurances, The junior Senator from New York it the thought of Senators who are sup find jobs and homes, and look after the has vigorously protested that these de porting the committee bill that such a people when they got here. terminations by the International Refu provision would tighten the selection of By administrative agreement on the gee Organization are not in practice ac people of doubtful eligibility, such as the theory of calculated risk, they have all cepted as binding by the administrators 30,000 to whom the Senator has referred? gone into collusion, and the important of the law. If the facts are as the Sen Mr. JENNER. That is exactly the people of the Displaced Persons Commis ator would have us believe, namely, that point. We just do not want former sion-the Squadrillis, the Basheins, the the determinations of the International UNRRA employees and DP's themselves Miss Ruskins, and the Miss Myersons, Refugee Organization are not in prac- · to send people into America. I want and the like-tell us whom we shall take tice binding on the administrators of the Americans to see the persons who are into the country, and there are 30,000 of law, then why in the name of common selected to screen them, and to ascertain doubtful eligibility already in the coun sense can the junior Senator from New their eligibility, and we want the laws try-black marketeers, racketeers, per York object to a provision in the law relating to the Immigration and Natural jurers, defrauders, criminals, Commu which would make it clear that the de ization Service and the consular service nists, subversives, and even SS storm termination of who is a displaced per to be enforced. According to the junior troopers. son under our law shall be exercised ex Senator from New York that is basically (Applause in the galleries.) clusively on behalf of the United States cruel and deceptive. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Un by persons who are responsible directly Now, Mr. President, what is basically der the rules of the Senate there must not to the United States Government? Is cruel and deceptive at out this provision? be any expressions of approval or dis it, Mr. President, because 80 percent of The junior Senator from New York con approval on the part of the occupants of the employees of the International Refu tends, although the facts are otherwise, the galleries. gee Organization were taken over from that the Immigration Service and the Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, I make a UNRRA, of which the junior Senat9r American Foreign Service are, under the point of order that there can be no dem from New York was formerly the direc present program, doing just what the onstration from the galleries approving tor? committee bill provides. or disapproving any remarks made on the Now, Mr. President, let us consider an If the facts are as thr junior Senator floor of the Senate. other provision of the committee bill, from New York contends, why is it bas The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The namely, that provision which does not ically cruel and deceptive to provide in Senator is correct. The Chair has al exclude otherwise eligible displaced per the law that the final determination of ready called the attention of the occu sons solely because of the type of blood eligibility of applicants shall be made pants of the galleries to the fact that which pulses in their veins. The con exclusively by the Immigration and there must be no more applause. stitution of the International Refugee Naturalization Service and the American Mr. JENNER. The junior Senator Organization expressly excludes persons Foreign Service? from Michigan [Mr. FERGUSON] is in who are in ever:Y other way eligible as Is it, Mr. President, that because under terested in the administration of the displaced persons if they happen to the present system the fact is that the law. The substitute, of which he is one have German blood pulsing in their major determinations of who shall come of the sponsors, is as silent as the Sphinx veins. Right there, may I say, Mr. Pres into this country under our displaced on the subject of administration. ident, that we are not speaking now of persons law are being made by former At this point I may say, Mr. President, German nationals. We are speaking employees of UNRRA, of which the that the substitute by remaining silent now of persons who were the victims junior Senator of New York was formerly with reference to the administration of of the concentration camps, or who the d:rector? Is it pride in the organi the law would in effect be condoning the were forcibly expelled pursuant to the zation which brings up this basically present maladministration of the law. Potsdam agreement from ea,stern Euro cruel and deceptive situation? Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, will pean countries and driven into Germany It is pointed out in the committee re the Senator yield? and Austria. port, Mr. President, that the committee's The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does Mr. President, the committee bill is amendment will not preclude activity of the Senator from Indiana yield to the attacked as discriminatory and as worse a preliminary nature by the Displaced Senator from Michigan? than basically cruel and deceptive. But Persons Commission in Europe, but that Mr. JENNER. I decline to yield at this the committee bill removes the most un the committee amendment emphasizes point. I shall be glad to yield at the conscionable discrimination which is and reenforces the clear congressional conclusion of my remarks. I have only contained in the constitution of the In intent at the time of the enactment of a few more points to cover. I shall be ternational Refugee Organization and the present displaced persons law; name glad to yield when I have finished my which is now . defended by the junior ly, that the major and ultimate responsi remarks. Senator from New York. How cynical bility for the administration of the law The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The it is, Mr. President, for anyone to ex shall be in the Immigration and Natural- Senator from Indiana declines to yield. press great compassion for displaced 2930 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD-SENATE MARCH .7 persons and at the same time describe This language was designed to embrace Yes, Mr". President, I regret exceed as basically cruel and deceptive a bill those persons who fled from Germany or ingly that the junior Senator from New which removes the outrageous discrim Austria during the Nazi regime. York has chosen to call the committee ination against otherwise eligible dis But, Mr. President, in the substitute, in bill deceptive. If there is deception, let placed persons whose only crime is that defining this category of displaced per ·us look at still another provision of the they have German blood pulsing in their sons, there is a strange omission of the substitute. veins, people who have been forced from language: On page 8 of the substitute provision their homes by reason of the Potsdam One of these countries as a result of enemy is made whereby 50 percent of the non agreement, which was signed by this action or of war circumstances, and on Jan preference portion of certain quotas are Government. uary 1, 1948. for 5 years made available exclusively I remind the Senate that in the course Not one word of explanation as to why to applicants for immigration visas who of the last few days the junior Senator this language was deleted has been pre since September 1939 and until Janu from New York stated that he had no sented to the Senate. Indeed, the senior ary 1, 1949, left the occupied areas and sympathy for these people. He was re Senator from West Virginia [Mr. KIL gained admission into other countries f erring then to the Sudeten Germans. GORE] made evident by his rem.arks on of the world. But here, again, Mr. Presi That will be found on page 2808 of the the floor of the Senate a few days ago, dent, as to this select group, no job or RECORD of March 4. The junior Senator that he did not realize the significance of housing assurances are required as pre from New York contended that the elimi the deletion of this language. With this requisites to eligibility. No one knows nation of the discrimination against dis language deleted, Mr. President, it means the number that can come in under this placed persons of German ethnic origin that a chosen group of displaced persons provision of the law. There is no way would permit the entrance of Nazis into could return tp Germ.any or Austria at to ascertain it. the United States. any time with no cut-off date, irrespec Yes, Mr. President, I regret exceed Mr. President, this just is not so. The tive of circumstances, and gain admis ingly that the junior Senator from New fact is, however, that under the lax ad sion into the United States as displaced York has chosen to call the committee ministration of the present law-and we persons. bill deceptive. If there is deception, let have received testimony. to that effect Already it is estimated that 500 persons us once again look at the substitute. from men who know and who are operat have come to the United States as dis On page 9 of the substitute provision ing the program-SS men have been ad placed persons, who had previously been is made that the selection of eligible dis mitted into the United States. in England, France, and Spain, but were placed persons shall be made without The junior Senator from New York ad told, "Come on back into Germany. We discrimination in favor of or against an mitted on the floor of the Senate a few will make you displaced persons and send eligible displaced person because of his days ago that the substitute permits per you over to America, to the honey pot." race, religion, or national origin. The sons of German ethnic origin, who were ·The provision to which I have just re c?mmittee bill, on the other hand, pro expelled from the easter~ European f erred opens up the whole field. There vides that the selection of displaced per countries, to use some fifty thousand-odd will then be no cut-off date whatever. sons shall be made without discrimina visas which would be charged against the People can flood into Germany from all tion or favoritism on account of re German quota. I believe the number is ligion. 54,000. But, Mr. President, if these peo over the world, and from there come to the United States as displaced persons, On the surface, Mr. President, it ap ple are Nazis, and if the junior Senator whereas they are no more displaced per pears that both of these provisions are from New York has no sympathy. for merely pronouncements that there shall them, why does he provide in the sub sons than I am. Talk of cruel deception. "Consistency, thou art a jewel." be no discrimination. But upon analyz stitute that they can have fifty thousand ing the language of the substitute in odd visas chargeable against the German Yes, Mr. President, I am sorry that the junior Senator from New York has chosen the face of the facts, it is apparent that quota? Is it because of the fact that ff certain groups of displaced · persons under the present law, although the Ger to call the committee bill deceptive. If there is deception, let us look at another are being admitted into the United States man expellees are granted 50 percent of in a volume completely disproportion the German and Austrian quotas, under provision of the substitute. On page 6 of the substitute provision ate to their numbers in Europe, there the administrative practice relatively few could, under the language of the sub have been admitted into the United is made for 4,000 visas to be issued to dis placed persons who resided in China on stitute, be no administrative adjustment States? In view of the practice which so as to allocate the visas on a fair pro has been engaged :n, I wonder how many July 1, 1948. Who are these people? They are also people who fled from Ger portion to all groups of . displaced per we will get if the substitute bill, providing sons. for 54,000, is passed. many during the periou of the Nazi re gime. But I invite the attention of the Yes, Mr. President, I am exceedingly At that point I may say, Mr. President, sorry that the junior Senator from New that although the substitute would make Senate to the fact that since July 1, 1948, several thousand of those displaced per York has chosen to call the committee a m3.ximum charge of only 25 percent bill deceptive. If there is deception let against the quotas for all other displaced sons who were in China have been re persons, a 50-percent maximum charge ceived by other nations of the world. In me point again to the substitute. ' would be made against the German fact, I am reliably informed that some Both the substitute and the committee quota for the German expellees. If that 2,500 of them have been received by Israel bill provide for the admission of 5,000 is not discrimination, Mr. President, I since July 1, 1948. orphans on a nonquota basis: The senior do not know what is. Mr. President, the language of the sub Senator from Maryland [Mr. TYDINGS] I regret exceedingly that the junior stitute has no cut-off date, and does not is very much interested in this provision. Senator from New York has called the limit the class to those displaced persons But although both measures embrace c?mmittee bill basically cruel and decep who have been resettled. In other words, Greek displaced persons, the substitute in tive, because if there is deception, let us on the basis of the language of the sub defining who is an eligible displaced or look at the substitute. stitute, certain displaced persons who phan excludes Greek displaced orphans. Under the present displaced-persons back in July 1, 1948, resided in China, This is not done in the substitute by law, included as one of the classes of but who have now been resettled in other express language excluding the Greek displaced persons in the definition is: countries of the world, would be eligible displaced orphans, but it is done by a definition on page 4 of the substitute A person who, having resided in Germany for immigration into the United States or Austria, was a victim of persecution by the as displaced persons. which requires that before an orphan Nazi Government and was detained in or was That is not all, Mr. President. ·The may be deemed to be an eligible dis obliged to flee from such persecution, and general category of displaced persons placed orphan, he must be in Italy or was subsequently returned to one of these must have job and housing assurance in the occupied areas of Germany or countries as a result of enemy action or of before they can be admitted into the Austria. So, Mr. P.resident, we see that war circumstances, and on January 1, 1948, United States. Under the substitute, no an orphan from Greece could never be had not been firmly resettled therein. job and housing assurance is required for admitted to the United States. The foregoing language was taken al any of the displaced persons in the Yes, Mr. President, I am exceedingly most verbatim from the constitution of category which I have just been describ- sorry that the junior Senator from New the International Refugee Organization. ing. · York has chosen to call the committee 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 2931 bill deceptive. If there is deception, let ·I say, Mr. President, that it is a seri . fiscal 1951. I do not mean to leave the us look at another provision of the substi ous matter when the bill which was impression that I begrudge this money tute. drafted by the senior Senator from Ne no indeed. I think it will redound to our natural benefit as well as to our glory. But The present law and the committee vada [Mr. McCARRANJ, the senior Senator what I do ·mean to illustrate by citing these bill allocate 2,000 visas to the Czech from Missouri [Mr. DONNELL J, the senior facts ts that we have a very large financial, refugees. The substitute, on page 3, Senator from Mississippi [Mr. EASTLAND], as wen as a humanitarian, stake in ending embraces the Czech refugees in the defi the junior Senator from Maryland [Mr. the IRO displaced persons problem at the nition of eligible displaced persons; but 0 1CONOR], and myself, and which was earliest possible date. beginning on page 5 of the substitute, reported to the Senate by a vote of 10 to Nor can we afford to forget our stake in which provides for the allocation of 3 by the Senate Committee on the Judi the peace and economy· of Europe, a situa visas, no specific allocation is made of ciary, is called deceptive. tion in which the displaced person popula tion is inextricably involved. Our occupa any visas to the Czech refugees. Mr. President, on the basis of my re tion forces and our occupation policy all Mr. President, since the substitute does marks of today, I think the Senate will require the very earliest possible resettle not provide for the allocatiqn of visas to understand where, if at all, any decep ment of a maximum number of IRO dis the Czech refugees, why is it that the tion lies. placed persons. substitute defines them as a specific cate Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, I ask It is for this reason, among others, Mr. gory of displaced persons? The answer unanimous consent to have ·printed in President, that l associated myself with the is obvious. Their· numbers will be di the body of the RECORD, following the so-called minority views submitted by Sen luted with the other applicants in the ators KILGORE, GRAHAM, and FERGUSON. I . remarks of the Senator from Indiana, originally voted for the committee bill prin general displaced persons category. certain observations which I have pre cipally because by so doing I was voting for· Yes, Mr. President, I am exceedingly pared on the bill now before the Senate. getting a bill out op this floor for . debate, sorry that the junior Senator from New There being no objection, the matter and not because I necessarily agreed with York has chosen to can the committee was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, its provisions. Time was not afforded us to bill deceptive. If there is deception, let as follows: study the substitute bill before the commit tee had to meet its dead line. But I am now us look again to the provisions of the Mr. President, many excellent statements substitute. . convinced that the substitute bill is superior have been and will be made on the subject in certain very important respects. In par Both the substitute and the committee of displaced persons in the course of this ticular, it leads the way to a final solution bill make provision for 18,000 Poles, who discussion. Although I am sure that the of the IRO displaced-person problem. Un were part of the Anders army which was remarks of various Senators will fully illumi less we do this, we shall be burdening the received into Great Britain. Under the nate the problem, there are certain aspects American taxpayer with a heavy and contin committee bill, the visas to this group which seem to me to need special attention. uing financial burden which is unnecessary. are limited to those who have not been The displaced persons law represents a The substitute bill increases th0 number · realization by the people of America that of eligible IRO displaced persons who may be integrated into tl:e British economy and certain people were specially deserving of who are truly displaced. You see, Mr. admitted into the United States by 95,000 help and we.re persons who would make persons, and extends the life of the act for President, 18,000 of the Poles who were in very important and significant contributions 1 year in which to accomplish this objective. General Anders' army went into Britain. to the economy, culture, and spiritual life This additional number, plus the additional Many of them have become integrated of our country. When the Congress passed numbers who will be taken by other nations, into British society, and have homes and the present law it did not, however, modify will result in substantial solution of the families and jobs there. They are not the normal immigration laws. Nor is any of IRO displaced-person problem. Not until the pending bills a modification of the im we terminate this problem will we meet our displaced. Under the provisions of the migration laws. Permit me to repeat that. 18,000 international obligations in this broad hu substitute, however, the visas The displaced persons law and the various manitarian venture. Not until we find a would be available on a general immigra pending amendments do not modify the im real solution to this IRO displaced-person tion basis, irrespective of the status of migration laws; in fact, they add additional problem will we be able to save the Ameri an applicant as a displaced person. hurdles which a displaced person immigrant can taxpayer millions of dollars. Moreover, Mr. President, the substitute must meet to enter the United States, over The committee bill, however, Mr. President, makes no provision for job and housing and above those requirements which must be could actually have the disastrous effect of met by the immigrant under the other im reducing the number o:.: IRO displaced per assurances for this group as a prereqUi migration laws. All the immigration re site for eligibility. so·1s-even below the number authorized in quirements for protection against public the present law. This effect comes about by Yes, I say again, Mr. President, I am charge and disease still apply to displaced reason of the committee bill's definition of exceedingly sorry the junior Senator persons, and even more. And the displaced displaced person. It would dilute the total from New York has chosen to call the persons law does not abolish or increase the number of visas available to mo displaced committee bill deceptive. quotas. Every displaced person who enters persons by playing oft' the IRO displaced per I also regret exceedingly that the junior the United States must be charged to the sons against the expellees, to the loss of both. Senator from New York suggested on the quota of the country in which he was born. The Members of this Senate who want to The displaced persons are not in addition to help both groups will find that the committee floor of the Senate a few days ago that the regular quotas-they are the regular the senior Senator from Mississippi [Mr. bill grievously fails to do this; they must quota immigrants, because they are charged turn to the substitute bill for real and ef EASTLAND] had been indulging in mis to the quotas. In effect we are penalizing fective help to both the IRO ~isplaced per statements. If misstatements have been future immigration. But be that as it may, sons and the expellees. I wanted to make this crystal clear. . . made by the proponents of the commit Mr. President, I hope my remarks may tee bill, Mr. President, they are misstate That, in fact, is what is meant when we have served to dispel two misconceptions ments which came from the lips of the say that the displaced persons immigration mortgages the quotas, up to 50 percent of which inevitably crop up in connection with chief of the immigration detail in Eu each successive year. Consequently, the dis the displaced-persons program. But there is rope, from the lips of the security officers placed persons program keep:;; immigration one further erroneous belief which must be of this Government, from the lips of within the regular immigration quotas, and exposed. People who are opposed to a dis those patriotic young men who have been the total number of people who may enter placed-persons program in principle, seek on the fl.ring line in Europe, and who the country is not increased by this law. to justify their views by pointing with alarm have become so disgusted about the oper Another factor which sometimes is not to the present unemployment situation in · clearly understood is our present role in con the United States. ation of our present program that they Certainly no one is better qualified to de· have returned to the United States to nection with these displaced persons. To hear some of the remarks made on the floor, fend the interests of Americar. labor than testify before a committee of the United an uninformed person might almost be led William Green and Philip Murray. They, States Senate. to the belief that we who are in favor of a and their labor unions; are for the substi Mr. President, a five-man subcommit real displaced persons law are seeking to tute bill. At the risk of repetition, Mr. Presi tee of the Senate Committee on the Ju round up everyone in the world and attempt dent, I should like to call attention again diciary, together with a staff, for many ing to drum up business. The fact is that to the fact that both the A. F. of L. and the months have been conducting an inten the displaced persons are now in our charge CIO at t heir last annual conventions, urged sive study and investigation of the law and that we are now caring for them and enactment of the bill as approved by the and the facts. We have not come before concerned about them. By June 30, 1950, House. Even further, the A. F. of L. execu we will have contributed over $212,000,000 tive council at its meeting last month, issued the Senate with the propaganda of a to the mo for the care and maintenance and a strong statement reiterating support of the million-dollar lobby. We have come here the resettlement of displaced persons, and House-approved bill and urging speedy action with the facts, the plain, unvarnished it appears likely that we may be contribut by the Senate of th~ United States, and stat truth. ing another some $25,000,000 to the IRO for ing that the displaced-persons program does 2932 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD-SENATE MARCH 7 not in any way jeopardize employment op minority report recently introduced in the FEBRUARY 28, 1950. portunities of American workers nor seriously Senate to amend the Displaced Persons Act Rt. Rev. Msgr. EDWARD E. SWANSTROM, aggravate housing shortages. of 1948. We are appreciative that you have War Relief Services, In fact, Mr. President, the A. F. of L. exec found it possible to demonstrate your inter National Catholi c Welfare Conferen ce, utive council vigorously opposed any amend est in displaced persons in so concrete a way. New York, N . Y. ments which would relate displaced persons We are grateful for the recognition which you DEAR REVEREND SWANSTROM: Thank you admissions into the United States to any and your six other colleagues give to the very much for the favorable comments con fixed unemployment or housing-shortage fact that the displaced persons problem can tained in your letter of February 16 with figures. not and must not be solved by partial or half reference to my position on displaced per Senator KILGORE has already read into the way measures. sons. record a letter from Mr. Murray to the same We want you to know that throughout The DP problem is one of the most press effect. America there continues a grave sense of ing and potentially explosive ones remain Certainly, Mr. President, if the A. F. of L. responsibility for helping the displaced per ing to be solved in central Europe, entirely or the CIO felt that this bill would endanger sons still homeless in Europe. Many Amer aside. from the humanitarian aspects. I do American labor they would not be for it. ican citizens have dedicated themselves to not see how anyone whose heart is in the And I might add that other important labor offering new homes and new opportunities of right place can help being touched by that unions have also supported this bill. With work in America to displaced persons. We aspect. out attempting a full list, the Senate will be feel that the substitute amendments most There is also the compelling motive of interested to learn that support for H. R. closely reach the effectives which have been self-interest in getting these pe9pl~ reset 4567 as approved by the House has also come recommended by our various groups con tled and rehabilitated. It is good to know from Amalgamated Clothing Workers of cerned with the resettlement of displaced of the sustained interest you and others have America, CIO;· Brotherhood of Railway Clerks, per.sons and represent an advance toward a in this legislation. A. F. of L.; International Longshoremen workable just and humane law. Sincerely, Association, A. F. of L . ~ International Print Basically the modifications of the present WARREN G. MAGNUSON, ing Pressmen arid Assistants Union of North DP act incorporated in the bill accompany United States Senator. America, A. F. of L.; National Maritime Union ing the minority report are favo.red by those of America, CIO; National Women's Trade of us actively engaged in sponsoring dis WAR RELIEF SERVICES, Union League. placed persons. , NATIONAL CATHOLIC Let me also point out, Mr. President, that In addition we feel it would be advisable WELFARE CONFERENCE, the various governors of the respective States to designate the group which is benefited by New York,' N. Y., February 16, 1950. are also interested in the welfare of their section 12 in terms that are not saggestive · The Honorable WARREN G. MAGNUSON, workers. If it were true that displaced per of distinctions according to race. We feel Senate Office Building, sons adversely affect unemployment, would that referring to persons because of their Washington, D. C. it be likely that the governor of my own German ethnic origin is not in keeping DEAR SENATOR MAGNUSON: It was with great State, the Honorable Arthur B. La:nglie, with our democratic tradition and heritage. interest that I read the minority report should have expressed the hope to the House We would also hope that provision could be signed by you on amending the Displaced Judiciary Committee that the State of Wash Persons Act of 1948. We were most pleased ington should receive over three times as made to cover the inland transportation for DP's we welcome to America this wm help to note that many of the changes urged by many displaced persons as have already the National Catholic Resettlement Council reached there? Would it be likely, Mr. Presi to implement a broad geographic distribution of DP's throughout the country. We earn have been incorporated in the accompanying dent, that the governors of 23 States, includ bill. We believe that the enactment of this ing my own, should have petitioned this body estly hope that the Senate as a whole wm bill would be a substantial contribution to enact the · House-approved bill. accept the corrections you have offered in toward a permanent solution to the problem Permit me, Mr. President, to read the list the substitute amendments when the matter resulting from World War II and its after of governors who have petitioned in sup of ad'equate legislation to admit displaced math. port of this legislation: persons comes before them for considera Of special interest in this bill is the work Alabama, James Fulton; Arkansas, Sidney tion. able solution presented for the expellees McMath; Colorado, William Lee Knous; Illi Rt. Rev. Msgr. EDWARD E. SWANSTROM, which would in no way jeopardize the entry nois, A. E. Stevenson; Indiana, Henry Executive director, War Relief Services, of the !RO displaced persons. By elimi Schricker; Kansas, Frank Carlson; Kentucky, National Catholic Welfare Confer- natin& the possibility of confusion and by Earl Clement s; Louisiana, Earl K. Long; ence. implementing the terms of section 12, it Maryland, William Preston Lane, Jr.; Michi Rev. WALTER w. VAN KIRK, seems apparent that the United States will gan, G. Mennen Williams; Minnesota, Luther make a major contribution in the resettle W. Youngdahl; Montana, John W. Bonner; Executive Secretary, Department of In ternational Justice and Goodwill, ment of displaced persons, while at the same New Jersey, Alfred E. Driscoll; New York, time approaching the difficult problem of the Thomas E. Dewey; North Carolina, William the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America. expellees with order. We still wish that it Kerr Scott; Ohio, Frank J. Lausche; Okla were possible to designate the respective homa, Roy J. Turner; Oregon, Douglas Mc Rev. CLARENCE KRUMBHPLTZ, Executive Secretary, Division of Wel groups aided under the amendments in Kay; Pennsylvania, James H. Duff; Rhode terms that are not suggestive of distinctions Island, John 0. Pastore; Vermont, Ernest fare, National Lutheran Council. Dr. BERNARD J. BAMBERGER, according to race. W. Gibson; Wash ingt on, Arthur B. Langlie; The observations appearing in the minority West Virginia, Okey L. Patteson. Presi dent, Synagogue Council of Amer report on the work accomplished by the Dis ica. All of this vast array of evidence only placed Persons Commission is borne out by proves t h at there is no merit whatsoever to our experience. Despite all the delays and the argument that the displaced persons WASHINGTON, D. c., February 23, 1950. difficulties which accompany the initial program should not be liberalized because Hon. WARREN G. MAGNUSON, stages of any large-scale program, the Com of u nemployment. How can there be any Senate Office Building, mission has suceeded in expediting the en merit to such an argument when the full Washi ngton, D. C.: trance of a representative number of per 339,000 authorized under the substitute bill As Americans we are deeply concerned that sons. There is every reason to believe that represents an addition of three-tenths of 1 it will handle an expanded program wtth at percent of our total labor force, over a 3- our coun try fulfill our moral obligation and international commitment to find new demo least equal efficiency. year period, distributed throughout the en May we take this opportunity to indicate tire country. It is preposterous. cratic homelands for the helpless displaced human beings under our care in Europe .. our gratitude for your continued interest in Mr. President, in 1948, when the Congress the resett lement program. We are glad to enact ed the present law, we st arted out on a Therefore, we respectfully petition the Mem know that you have found it possible to noble purpose, even if our vehicle was not bers of the United States Senate to approve demonstrate this interest in so concrete a well-suit ed to su ch high purposes. Now is the substitute amendments to the Displaced way as a cosigner of the minority report. the time to fit the veh icle to the lofty pur Persons Act of 1948 presented by Senators Sincerely yours, pose. Let's finish t h is job of resettling IR.O FERGUSON, GRAHAM and KILGORE. It is our Rt. Rev. Msgr. EDWARD E. SWANSTROM, displaced persons in the generous and fair sincere and heartfelt conviction that with Executive Director. spirit which is so deeply ingrained in the out these amendments it is impossible for true American tradition. Let us do this job us to create a displaced persons law that will now by enacting the substitute bill. Only THE FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE enable our Nation to admit our share of dis then will the United States be able to hold CHURCHES OF CHRIST ·IN AMERICA, its head high in the company of nations. placed persons in a just, humane, and fair New York, N. Y., January 21, 1950. way. Hon. WARREN G. MAGNUSON, NEW YORK, N. Y., February 22, 1950. Gen. Lucius D. Clay, Mrs. Franklin D. Senate Judiciary Committee, Hon. WARREN G. MAGNUSON, Roosevelt, James A. Farley, Maj. Gen. Senate Office Building, Senate Office Building, William J. Donovan, James F. O'Neil, Washington, D. C. Washington, D. C.: Judge Joseph Proskauer, James t. MY DEAR SENATOR MAGNUSON : It Is my un May we take this opp9rtunity of commend Kraft, Mark Ethridge, Fred Lazarus, derstanding that the Senate Judiciary Com ing you for associating yourself with the Harry Bullis. mittee is due to submit a revised d1splaced. 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 2933 persons bHl to the Senate within a matter City, primate of the Ukrainian Ortho F. of L. has repeatedly pointed out that even of days. I want you to know that we of the dox Church of America; Mrs. Arthur these requirements are difficult to admin Federal Council of the Churches of Christ Forrest Anderson, New York City, pres ister and hamper the purpose of the law, as in America will follow with deep and pray ident, National Board of the Y. W. experience h as shown. erful interest your efforts i'n this regard. C. A. of the United States of America; "The A. F. of L. would tie the first to pro I have reason to believe that the people of Mrs. F. G. Brooks, New York City, presi test against legislation which actually un our churches generally are prepared to sup dent, women's division, the Methodist dermines the job--security of American work port H. R. 4567 as a bill which meets, in its Church; Dr. E. Fay Campbell, Phil ers or which really restricts their housing essential respects, the concern of our adelphia, Pa., chairman of the board, opportunities. But we know from experience churches respecting displaced persons leg student volunteer movement; Rev. that the admission of displaced persons at a. islation. Paul H. Conrad, New York City, presi limited rate, widely dispersed throughout t he I am enclosing herewith, for your infor dent, United Stewardship Council; Dr. country and 1n practice -dispatched to areas mation, copy of a petition which endorses Truman B. Douglass, New York City, of labor shortage does not 1n any way jeop the principles embodied in H. R. 4567, and executive vice president, Board of ardize employment opportunities of Ameri which bears the signatures of the official Home Missions Council of North Amer can workers nor seriously aggravate housing heads of some 22 communions related to the ica; Dr. Joseph C. Hazen, New York shortages. Federal Council of Churches and a consid City, General Commission on Chap "The purpose of these new amendments erable number of allied religious bodies. lains; Walter D. Head, New York City, must therefore be recognized for what it Respectfully yours, president, World Alliance for Interna is-a device to vitiate the whole spirit and WALTER w. VAN KIRK, tional Friendship Through Religion; purpose of more liberal displaced persons Secretary. Eugene R. McCarthy, St. Louis, Mo., legislation. president, National Council of the "The executive council also protests To the Senate of the United States: Y. M. C. A.'s in the United States of against the proposal offered in the Senate We respectfully petition the Senate of America; Dr. John A. Mackay, Prince to redefine displaced persons so as to in the United States promptly to enact an ton, N. J ., chairman, International clude mlllions of German expellees. They adequate satisfactory and workable displaced Missionary Council; Bishop C. Brom are not genuine displaced persons as under persons blll. We believe this bill (H. R. ley Oxnam, New York City, president, stood by the International Refugee Organi 4567), if concurred 1n by the Senate, would World Council of Churches, Confer zation. Their expulsion was due to their go far toward removing the unjust features ence of United States of America; Mrs. identification with the worst elements of of the Displaced Persons Act of 1948. -It is Harper Sibley, Rochester, N. Y., presi nazism. The purpose of the displaced per our view that liberalization of the existing dent, United Council of Church Wo s.ons law is not to offer refuge to those re displaced persons legislation would be whole men; Mrs. Arthur M. Sherman, New sponsible for international crimes, but to heartedly supported by the religious com York City, chairman, Committee Of the helpless victims of those crimes." munity of our country. Reference and Counsel, Foreign Mis I thought it advisable that this statement Mrs. H. G. Colwell, Loveland, Colo., pres sions Conference of North America; be called to the attention of all Senators 1n ident, North Baptist Convention; Rev. Dr. Henry Russell Stafford, Hartford, order that they may be advised of the posi D. V. Jemison, Selma, Ala., president, Conn., president, American Board of tion of the American Federation of Labor in National Baptist Convention; Miss Commissioners for Foreign Missions regard to this important matter. Helen Kenyon, New York City, mod (Congregational Christian Churches); It will be .appreciated if you will aid 1n erator, Congregational Christian Hon. Harold E. Stassen, Philadelphia, having the Senate take action in conform Churches; Rev. CharJes C. Ellis, Hunt Pa., chairman, International council ity with the thoughts expressed in the state ingdon, Pa., moderator, Church of the of Religious Education; Dr. Luther ment. Brethren; Rev. Josef A. Barton, La A. Weigle, New Haven, Conn., chair Very truly yours, Grange, Tex., ecumenicity advocate, man assembly, World Council of WM. GREEN, Czech-Moravian Brethren Church; Christian Education. President, American Federation of Labor. Rev. John A. Tate, Richmond, Va., Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, I suggest 'president, International Convention AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR, the absence of a quorum. of Disciples of Christ; Rev. L. W. Washington, D. C., February 17, 1950. Goebel, Chicago, Ill., president, Evan MY DEAR SENATOR: During its recent quar The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The gelical and Reformed Church;· Bishop terly meeting, the executive council of the clerk will call the roll. A. R. Clippinger, Dayton, Ohio, presi American Federation of Labor, on February The legislative clerk called the roll, and dent, board of bishops, Evangelical 7, 1950, approved and issued the following the following Senators answered to their United Brethren Church; Bishop Ivan statement regarding the bill on displaced names: Lee Holt, St. Louis, Mo., president, persons which will be before the United Board of Bishops, the Methodist Aiken Hill Millikin States Senate in the near future for its Anderson Hoey Morse Church; Bishop W. J. Walls, Chicago, consideration and action: Brewster Holland Murray Ill., presiding bishop, African Meth "The American Federation of Labor has Bricker Humphrey Myers odist Epi~copal Zion Church; Bishop consistently supported the enactment of Bridges Hunt Neely J. Arthur Hamlett, Kansas City, Kans., liberal, humane, and workable legislation Butler Ives O'Conor Byrd Jenner presiding bishop, Colored Methodist designed to aid the suffering displaced per O'Mahoney Episcopal Church; Rev. F. P. Stocker, Capehart Johnson, Colo. Russell sons who are victims of the World War. We Chapman Johnson, Tex. Saltonstall Bethlehem, Pa., president, Northern believe that the United States should be Connally Johnston, S. C. Schoeppel Province, Moravian Church in Amer w1lling to assume its fair share of the re Cordon Kefauver Smith, Maine ica; Bishop J. Kenneth Pfohl, Win sponsibility of all free nations to provide a Darby Kem Smith,N.J. ston-Salem, N. C., president, board of new homeland for these shattered famil1es Donnell Kerr Sparkman provincial elders, Southern Province, who can call no land their own. Accord Douglas Kilgore Stennis Moravian Church in America; Rev. Dworshak Knowland Taft ingly, the sixty-eighth annual convention Eastland Langer Taylor Clifford E. Barbour, Knoxvme, Tenn., of the American Federation of Labor went moderator, Presbyterian Church 1n the Ecton Lehman .Thomas, Okla. on record unanimously 1n favor of liberal Ellender Long Thomas, Utah United States of America; Rt. Rev. izing amendments to the present displaced Ferguson Lucas Tbye John B. Bentley, New York City, vice persons law. These amendments were In Flanders Mc Carran Tobey president, National Council of the Frear McCarthy Tydings cluded in H. R. 4567 which was passed by the Watkins Protestant Episcopal Church; Rev. House of Representatives. Fulbright McClellan Abraham Ryndrandt, Grand Rapids, George ·McFarland Wherry Mich., president, Reformed Church in "Now the executive council calls upon the Gillette McKellar Wiley United States Senate to adopt this bill as Green McMahon Williams America; Howard G. Taylor, Philadel Withers phia, Pa;, secretary, Philadelphia Year passed by the House. Gurney Magnuson "We oppose recently introduced amend Hayden Malone Young ly Meeting, Religious Society of Friends Hendrickson Martin (Quakers); Rev. John Trutza, Cleve ments which seek to prohibit further admis Hickenlooper Maybank land, Ohio, president, the Romanian sions of displaced persons whenever unem Orthodox Episcopate of America; ployment in the United States reaches 4,000,- The PRESIDENT pro tempore. A Metropolitan Theophilus, New York 000 or whenever the number of married quorum is present. City, the primate ruling bishop of the couples living in doubled-up dwelling units Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, I am going Russian Orthodox Greek Catholic exceeds 2,000,000. These limitations are so to appeal to the Members of the Senate Church of North America; Dr. Loyd close to existing unemployment and hous to agree to a unanimous-consent request D. Seager, Little Rock, Ark., president ing figures that adoption of the amendments of conference, Seventh Day Baptist would render the new law inoperative at the to vote upon the pending measure . . Every. Church; Archbishop Antony Bashir, very outset. Senator knows that, sooner or later, New York City Metropolitan Syrian "Fully adequate protection concerning there will be a vote upon the amend Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of housing and unemployment are contained ments, the bill, and the substitute. Some New York and all North America; Most in t he present law and have been reenacted Senators who now object would be will Rev. Bishop Bohdan Shpllka, New York by the House in H. R. 4567. Indeed, the A. ing to agree to. vote on April 4, but that 2934 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 7 is not agreeable to others who want to displaced-persons bill was called· up. Mr. LUCAS. I am sure that there is vote sooner. It appears to me that there Testimony is still being taken, and it has not a Senator who would not read each is no tendency on the part of any Senator not all been printed. Certainly, so far as and every line of the record, once the to prolong the debate; otherwise Sena I am concerned, I shall object to the record gets on the Senator's desk. I am tors would not agree to a vote on April unanimous-consent request, which has satisfied of that, and I am sure that after 4, or- some earlier date ... We have been been proposed to vote on the bill tomor- reading the record Senators will change debating the bill for approximately a row, the day after tomorrow, or the next their votes as a result of their reading week. A number of other important day; but I am perfectly willing to vote the testimony contained in these emergency measures require action. The as soon as the testimony which has been volumes. deficiency appropriation bill is a very taken has been printed and laid upon Mr. President, I ask unanimous con important bill. The housing bill is on the our desks, and we have 1 day in which ·sent that on the calendar day of Wednes calendar, and it is very important. The to consider it. I am-willing to stay up all day, March 8, 1950, beginning at the flood-control bill, the natural gas bill, night to read it, if that would hurry the hour of 12 o'clock noon, debate on any and other measures are bound to be matter along. But in the meantime, Mr. amendment that may be pending, includ taken up in due course. Those measures, President, I very respectfully and most ing the committee amendments, or upon Mr. President, wm have to be considered regretfully object to the unanimous-con- any amendment that may be proposed, at an early date. It seems to me, if sent request. including an amendment in t:1e nature of we feel that the debate has been rnffi. Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, : fully a substitute, to the bill-H. R. 4567-to ciently long, that there could be a unan understand the viewpoint of the Senator amend the Displaced Persons Act of 1948, imous-consent agreement whereby each from North Dakota, but the fact of the shall be limited to 20 min1,1tes, the time side would han 20 minutes on each matter is that under the arrangement to be equally divided between those fa amendment. It would appear to me that with the Judiciary Committee, as I voring the bill and those opposed thereto, that would be sufficient. understand, that committee is holding and controlled, respectively, by the Sen Obviously, the Senator from Illinois hearings each day, and there are more ator from Nevada [Mr. McCARRANJ and does not, as a result of his statement, in hearings to be held. We cannot get the the Senator from West Virginia [Mr. dicate that he desires that any Senator testimony up to date as long as the hear- KILGORE]; provided that no amendment shall be shut off from legitimate debate, ings are continued. No Senator has that is not germane to the subject matter but I do make an earnest appeal for Sen raised the question of the printing of the of the said bill shall be received. ators to agree to vote upon the pending hearings until today, as.I understand. I The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is measure. I shall try to get a unanimous agree that the hearings should have been there objection? consent agreement to vote tomorrow. If printed. There is no doubt about that. Mr. LANGER. Mr. President-- that cannot be done, then I shall try for No Senator on either side has raised that Mr. LUCAS. I yield to the Senator the next day, with the hope that at some question until today, as being th-.. excuse from North Dakota. time within the next week we can agree. for not wanting to have a vote upon the Mr. LANGER. I object until I have If that cannot be done, we shall have to bill. . · some assurance that the records will be proceed to consider amendments and at Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will the printed and made available, at least on some time vote on them. Senator yield? the day befqre we vote, so that we may Mr. President, this is an election year. Mr. LUCAS. I yield. have an opportunity to read the testi- There are 32 Senators to be elected. Mr. WHERRY. I want the RECORD to . mony and study it. Particularly I invite Every Senator would like to go to his show that the junior Senator from the attention of the Senate to the fact State as soon as may be possible. Cer Nebraska as early as last Friday raised that the distinguished senior Senator tainly the Senator from Illinois would the question of why the hearings were from Mississippi has said the records say like to adjourn the Senate with all con not printed and on the desks of Senators. one thing and the distinguished junior venient speed, but there are certain meas I did not raise. the question in connection Senator from New York has said they ures on the calendar, and others which with the unanimous-consent request, say something else. I want to read the will be on the calendar, which must be and I am not raising it now in that con- testimony myself to see just what the disposed of one way or the other. I hope nection. _ sworn testimony is. Senators will understand the spirit in It is all right with the junior Senator I therefore object, Mr. President. which I am making this plea for a unan from Nebraska if the majority leader is Mr. LUCAS. The Senator from Illi- imous-consent agreement. able to obtain unanimous consent. But nois has done about all he can do. Mr. President, I ask unanimous con I say again that this is no way to legis- The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is sent that on the calendar day of late. We have confiicting interpreta- there objection? Wednesday, March 8, 1950, beginning at _tions of the testimony. I believe that the Mr. LANGER. I object. the hour of 12 o'clock noon, debate on request of the senior Senator from North Mr. LUCAS. May I inquire what the any amendment that may be pending, in Dakota [Mr. LANGER] is not an unreason- parliamentary situation is after my in cluding the committee amendments, or able one. I am informed that the ability to get a unanimous-consent upon any amendment that may be pro records can be printed in a few days. If agreement to vote within the next 8 days posed, including an amendment in the the transcripts of the testimony ·taken on a bill which has been discussed for a nature of a substitute, to the bill (H. R. at least up to the time we started debate week? 4567) to amend the Displaced Persons on the subject in the Senate could be The PRESIDENT pro tempore. If no Act of 1948, shall be limited to 20 min printed, that would ue satisfactory. If Senator wishes to speak on the bill, the utes, the time to be equally divided be it is desired to continue with the print- clerk will state the first amendment of tween those favoring the bill and those ing of the testimony beyond that point, the committee. opposed thereto, and controlled, respec that is agreeable also. However, I believe Mr. WITHERS. Mr. President-- tively, by the Senator from Nevada [Mr. that we should at least have the record Mr. LUCAS. I yield the fioor, Mr. McCARRANJ and the Senator from West printed up to the time we began debate President. Virginia [Mr. KILGORE]; provided, that on the bill, so that we may be able to Mr. WITHERS. Mr. President, I wish no amendment that is not germane to interpret the evidence ourselves. I be- to address myself to the pending subject. the subject matter of the said bill shall lieve that 1 day for consideration would I should-like to assure the majority lead be received. be very fair. I think it could be arranged. er that I have no desire to filibuster or Mr. LANGER. Mr. President, will the I believe we could have a unanimous- otherwise delay the bill. In fact, I have Senator yield? consent agreement for a vote not later but a few remarks to make on the sub Mr. LUCAS. I yield. than the first day of next v.·eek, or pos- ject. Furthermore, I wish to assure the · Mr. LANGER. The majority leader sibly the ~ ast day of this week, if that is distinguished majority leader and the finds himself in a situation which he agreeable to the Senator from Nevada. Senate that I have not any b!as or preju- does not happen to favor at the present Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, may I ask dice in the matter. · time, but I very respectfully suggest that whether the volumes on the desk of the I am a !llember of the Judiciary Com he has no one but himself to blame. At Senator for Nevada are the records of the mittee. As such, I have attempted to the time testimony was still being taken hearings? take a judicial view of the matter. I by the subcommittee -of the Committee Mr. McCARRAN. Those are the · · am not actuated by any political motives. on the Judiciary, for some reason the records of the hearings. I am not critical of any honest ofiice- 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 2935 holder. I am not critical of the Presi we take further testimony, But my ex The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The dent of the United States, or of the Sec perience would lead me to say that it Senator declines to yield. retary of State. I do not agree with cannot be .done in a week. Mr. WITHERS. Mr. President, ·this is some of the remarks that have been Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, will the a question which I believe we should look made which might cast any reflection Senator yield? at judicially. If I recall, five members of upon them. I should like to reassert my Mr. WITHERS. I yield if I may have the subcommittee passed on one question confidence in their integrity, character, unanimous consent that I do not lose unanimously, namely, that there should and ability. I think both of tt.cm are the floor by yielding. be a tightening-up provision added to the in accord with what is in the minds and Mr. LUCAS. I should like to ask the original bill. A majority of the Demo hearts of Senators who desire to have Senator from Nevada whether or not the cratic members and a majority of the a law enacted which will protect us records he has referred to could be made Republican members of the committee against the admission of subversives into available to the Senator from North voted to report the bill. To my way of our country. Dakota in their present form. thinking, it is /a nonpartisan bill. Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, Mr. McCARRAN. Oh, yes. Mr. President, I shall not appeal to the will the Senator yield? Mr. LUCAS. The Senator from North prejudice of any Member of the Senate. Mr. WITHERS. I yield. Dakota could read the testimony in the I have more confidence in those holding Mr. SALTONSTALL. · I thank the present form just as well as he could in office under our Government than to do Senator very much. My question is the printed form, cou!d he not? that. · I think all our Secretaries of State · really addressed to the Senator from Mr. McCARRAN. I brought the rec have been ·great men. I think all our Nevada. I notice that the records are ords here because it has been stated Presidents have been honorable and great being taken oat of the Chamber. There openly on the :floor of the Senate that men. I am certain we have not had a is no assurance from either the Senator secret hearings were held, that no tran single President who was a Communist from Nevada or the distinguished ma script was made of the testimony given or who was not, :first of all, an American. jority leader as to whether or not those at such secret hearings, and that wit I do not believe we have had any Secre records will be printed, or whether they nesses did not testify in open hearings. tary of State who was :uot an honor are just being taken back to the commit- Let me say that open hearings were held able, upright citizen, worthy of the re tee room. · by the subcommittee and by the full com spect of every honest citizen of the coun Mr. McCARRAN. They are being mittee, and that a transcript of the testi try. I would resent it if any attack were taken back to the committee room. In mony given at the hearings was made. made upon any officeholder in the kind all probability they will be printed. I brought the testimony here and laid of measure we are considering. I do not They must be printed eventually. The it on my desk so that Senators might see believe anyone in the Uni.ted States who hearir.gs have not been concluded. I it; not for any other purpose. It is is a real American would oppose the right am advised by the committee staff that available to any Senator who wishes to kind of safeguards being placed in the in all probability the hearings will be read it. law. I appeal to the class of people who concluded within a week; that is, so far Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, love America, to the class of people who as we have witnesses before us now. will the Senator from Kentuc.ky yield for believe in the honesty of the officeholders Let me explain, if I may, in the time of one more question? of our Government. the Senator from Kentucky-- Mr. WITHERS. I do. Mr. President, it is not my purpose to The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does Mr. SALTONSTALL. Certainly, I do embarrass anyone. I do not wish to em the Senator yield for that purpose? not want to tell the Senator from Ne barrass those o:fficers who are attempting Mr. WITHERS. I yield if I may have vada what to do, because I know it would to carry into effect the· purposes of the unanimous consent that I C:o not lose the have no effect, and I respect his judg present law, who would carry into effect :floor by yielding. ment anYWaY. the purposes of the pending legislation, The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, I may say that the Senator from Massa if it were enacted. I know theirs is a there objection? The Chair hears none, hard job. I personally have not heard and the Senator may proceed. chusetts is mistaken, because what the any criticism from any group against any Mr. McCARRAN. Certain witnesses Senator from Massachusetts says has a American citizen who is engaged in this were brought here from overseas. They great effect on the Senator from Nevada. Mr. SALTONSTALL. I appreciate di:fficult and tiring work. I know the are here .now. Some of them ·were work is extremely trying. I know that heard this morning, and probably some that, and I should like to say to the Sena those engaged in it are worthy of our re will be heard tomorrow. We hear them tor from Nevada that on the subcommit spect, and that we should be considerate as we have the time to hear them. As tee of the Committee on Appropriations of them Ly reason of the trials and tribu soon as W3 conclude with those witnesses, on which we serve, we work very sat lations under which they must work. We I think we shall conclude with the tak isfactorily together. I appreciate his ing of testimony. Then the entire courtesy. When I saw the volumes of should not reflect upon them in any im transcript will be printed. testimony being taken out I hoped that proper way. It takes a little time to print a tran we might be able to make some progress, Mr. President, I believe there are some script of testimony, because the typewrit and I thought it would be helpful if we _ loose places in the law which need our ten transcripts, after they are set up in started to have them printed now. attention. I am led to that belief be galley form, must be gone over and edited, Mr. McCARRAN. I agree with the cause of wh~t I have heard by way of as the Senator from Massachusetts Senator very heartily. I should like to testimony. I have not heard all the tes knows, prior to having them printed. It say that in talking with the able majority timony that has been given. I was not cannot be done in r. few days. leader today and yesterday, in an at a member of the committee during all the Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, tempt to get somewhere in the considera time testimony was presented. However, will the Senator from Kentucky yield tion of the pending bill, I made the sug I have heard enough to make me believe further? gestion to him that the matter might go that the provisions of the bill should be Mr. WITHERS. I yield proVided I do over until an early date in April, when tightened up so that au ·subversives would not lose the :floor. the records could be presented to the be kept from coming into this country. Mr. SALTONSTALL. I asked the ques Senate, and when we could have a limit Mr. President, I do not believe any man tion because the Senator ftom North on debate, and arrive at a vote. I hope questions my Americanism. I hope I am Dakota said he would be satisfied, as I we may be able to come to that conclu not biased to the point where I cannot be understood him, if the records of the sion, but it does not appear that we can. just, just to all parties, just to one side hearings up to the present time were Mr. SALTONSTALL. I thank the of the Senate as well as to the other when printed. I wondered if we could not Senator from Kentucky. it comes to considering bills which should make some progress by getting the rec Mr. LANGER. Mr. President, will the be above partisanship. I do not desire ords printed up to the present time, in Senator from Kentucky yield? to consider the pending legislation as a order possibly to have less printed to be Mr. WITHERS. For more questions partisan. I do not want to consider it as done in the future, and also get a quicker on the same subject? a party man. I want to consider it as an chance to vote. Mr. LANGER. Yes. American citizen trying to protect Amer Mr. McCARRAN. We can print what Mr. WITHERS. I believe I shall not ica, and to preserve her integrity. That we have now, and continue to pril'.1;t as yield at this time. is the attitude I have taken, and that is 2936 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH ~ the manner in which I have considered persons to come here who should not have move. At the same time our country the bill. been admitted, unless those Americans was becoming stabilized, and the capac Many witnesses have testified that too had sufficient opportunity and sufficient ity for receiving many thousands of im many persons have come to our shores time to make a careful screening. Wit migrants was becoming limited. without being properly screened. I do not ness after witness has said that too many The Congress of the United States for say that is due to American officers. I say persons have been admitted to this coun many years had under consideration the it is not due to them. The offices of the try without proper screening. The fin question of formulating an immigration immigration authorities have not been gerprint experts say that applicants rush policy which would settle once and for sufficiently staff ed. nor has the consular by them so quickly they are not able to all the problems attendant upon a grow service been sufficiently staffed, to check make readable or properly legible finger ing population within, and the effect of the persons who seek to enter the United prints; that the fingerprints which are additional thousands of population from States. made prove of little value for identifica without. It was obvious in the years fol The Displaced Persons Commission has tion purposes. Witnesses have stated lowing World War I that limitations upon had charge of the work. Many employ that a great many persons have been ad immigration had to be applied. There ees of the Commission are foreigners. mitted to this country who have never was· great danger that the free and pros Many of the applications and many of seen a single American officer until they perous way of life in America would be the papers are prepared by those for came to the point of receiving their visas. overthrown unless a halt were called to eigners. Many of the applications and I do not think we should permit such the influx of millions of aliens whose en papers have come to the desks of the screening conditions to exist. vironment in their native lands had not Displaced Persons Commission officials, Mr. President, I .am not going to criti .fitted them for assimilation in the Ameri who sign them without giving careful cize any of our own citizens, because I can population. The country was being scrutiny to them. Those files are turned do not have sufficient proof to warrant flooded with cheap labor which threat over to the immigration authorities. I such criticism, and I am going to give ened to disrupt labor standards. The do not care what the provisions of the them the benefit of all the rightful pre large cities were being overcrowded with old law are relative to such procedure. sumptions to which they are entitled. immigrants who banded together with I say to the Members of the Senate that But I do criticize those who permit dis those who spoke their own language and we jo not have a proper staff, sufficient placed persons themselves to fill out their whose way of life was in accord with their members of the staff, to mal{e a proper own papers. Many of the documents ·foreign upbringing. These elements were and complete check of those persons who they have filled out are fraudulent. not adjusting to American life, and were have been permitted to come to the Many of them are forged. Because of becoming a detriment rather than an United States. the lack of a proper staff, there has not asset. Mr. President, I do not say that all the been sufficient opportunity to check the The Congress in 1921 passed the first displaced persons who have come to this papers and determine whether they are restrictive quota limitations. In 1924 country will be unfriendly to our coun genuine or forged. All sorts of schemes the pref _nt basic immigration act was try, or will be subversive. I do not think and devices have been resorted to in order passed. This legislation established the many of them have been or that many of to make possible admission of persons to policy of the United States, and fixed them are. But I say there is question as this country. specifi · number.; of aliens who would be to some of them. There should not need Mr. President, I had no knowledge of permitted to come to the United States to be any question in our minds respect what the situation was until I became a annually. Approximately 154,000 im ing the character of the people we admit member of the Committee on the Judi migrants from Europe are permitt~d to to our country. It is not necessary that ciary. All the proof I have heard before immigrate to Ameri:::a pursuant to the there should be an army of men, a horde that· committee is along the line that provisions o· the 1924 act. Although of men, to inflict great damage on our there has been too much carelessness in unlimited numbers are permitted from country. A very small number can do admitting displaced persons. Whether the Western Hemisphere countries, the infinite harm. When persons come su:::h testimony is correct, I would not say. immjgration problem from these coun here to spy on us we cannot distinguish But suspicion falls upon many who have tries has never been acute. · them as being spies merely by seeing come here, perhaps fifteen or twenty Mr. President, time and experience them. They come as patriots from their thousand in all. Someone may say, amply indicate the wisdom of this immi own countries. They are the shrewdest, "Well, what does a total of 20,000 mean gration policy fixed by the Congress in the best trained class of persons who can to us?" That depends upon who the the quota laws. It is f.:>olhardy to be sent to this country for the purpose of 20,000 are. If the 20,000 are trained, imagine ·~hat the United States, or any spying. They have good personalities. skilled spies they may be of more signifi nation, can exist in prosperity without They know how to impress themselves cance to us than 50,000 or 100,000 or restrictive immigration while the other favorably upon us. They come here as 200,000 ignorant displaced persons. nations of the world are in social a:ld patriotic, intelligent spies from their own Even though only a few trained spies political turmoil. country, and when they spy on us they come in, they can work much damage The displaced-persons problem in Eu do not feel they are doing anything to our country. It is my humble opin rope has long since ceased to be an un wrong. They come here with the feeling ion that everything which can be done dertaking to relieve the displaced-per that they are serving their country well should be done to make it impossible sons camps. It is no longer a problem by gathering what information they can for such persons to enter. concerning real war-displaced persons, to send to her. They are the shrewdest Mr. President, since the founding of because the United States and other re class of people we have to deal with, and this country the nationals of practically ceiving nations ~1 :. ·.- e resettled practically great care, caution, and skill are required all countries have been welcomed. The all the unfort'mate victims of the Hitler to deal effectively with such a class of very foundation of our social and indus regime in Germany and all the forced persons. Therefore it is necessary, Mr. trial life has been built by immigrants laborers who were liberated by the Allied President, for us, on our part, to employ from Europe and from the Western Hem armies upon the occupation of Germany. the shrewdest, the most capable men we isphere, who have contributed to the Almost 300,000 will have found haven in can find to scrutinize the applications wea:th and culture of the country. There the United States at the end of the pres and papers as they are presented, and to was a time when almost unlimited num ent displaced-persons program. The see that no unworthy or dangerous per bers were welcome, and there was a time United States will have absorbed many sons are passed for admission to this when they proceeded to this country, par thousands more than any other nation country. Of course, simpler minded per ticularly from Europe, in as great num in the world. No, Mr. President, if the sons do not know how to evade our laws bers as available transportation would only question were the resettlement of or overcome our regulations, and by accommodate. As late as 1921 an aver the war-displaced persons, there would fraudulent means enter the United age of almost 1,000,000 immigrants a be no need for the legislation now pend States. But those who are educated and year were arriving on our shores. This ing before the Senate. The fact is, how trained for spy work can easily fool the movement was greatly accelerated at the ever, that since the end of the war there most intelligent men. end of the First World War, when the has been a continuous flow of refugees Mr. President, I am not going to criti governments of Europe were in great tur into Germany and Austria from the sur cize any Americans who have permitted moil, and millions of people were on the rounding eastern European countries. 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 2937 They have entered the displaced:.persons I have been impressed, Mr. President, take the task, even if they have the camps at the average rate of 25,000 a at the evidence of laxity in the adminis authority. month since the end of 1945. It has tration of the Displaced Persons Act as Mr. EASTLAND. Mr. President, will been the Policy of the occupying powers disclosed by my colleagues on the floor the Senator yield? not to close the borders, but to tacitly of the Senate and by the testimony of Mr. WITHERS. I yield. encourage politically oppressed and per the witnesses who recently appeared be Mr. EASTLAND. When it comes to secuted peoples from behind the iron fore the subcommittee. It is possible deciding who is qualified as a displaced curtain to escape from the Communist that the responsible administrators of person under the Displaced Persons Act, controlled governments. These people the law have permitted their personal the decision of the Displaced Persons have been received and, for the most feelings to overshadow their official du Commission is final; is it not? part, maintained in the displaced-per ties under the law. It is my feeling that Mr. WITHERS. It has been accepted sons camps. The cost to the United . we must write into the Displaced Per as final. Of course, as I understand, States Government has been $73,000,- sons Act stringent provisions for control the immigration authorities have a right 000 a year, which we have con~ributed of the administrative processes. There to return to the Commission the file of to the International Refugee Organiza must be less concern about the entry of any displaced person who is an applicant tion, and the many millions of dollars large numbers of displaced persons, and for admission to the United States. On which we have appropriated to the suP more attention to strict enforcement of the other hand, all the immigration au port and relief of Germany and Austria. the provisions of the Displaced Persons thorities have before them is the files Not all these persons have found imme Act and of the immigration laws. which are furnished to them by the diate haven in the displaced-persons Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will Displaced Persons Commission; and if camps, but it is a fact that many thou the Senator yield for a question? they return the files, but if the Displaced sands have been successful in eventually Mr. WITHERS. I yield. Persons Commission then refuses to go acquiring displaced-persons status. Im Mr. WHERRY. Personally, I wish to into the matter any further, and says migration to America is their ultimate thank the Senator from Kentucky for ' that the proof in the files is sufficient goal, I feel sure. his statement and for the approach he to meet the objections and complaints Mr. President, we have need for the has made to the problem, and for his of the immigration authorities, the ap talents and skills of the peoples of Eu observations, because I have .served on plications are usually certified. rope. Those who can contribute their the committee with the Senator, and I Mr. EASTLAND. Is not this the test, labor and energy to our economy are know that he is always fair. So I ap that the immigration authorities return welcome, but only in limited numbers. preciate the attitude he takes on this the file to the Displaced Persons Com On the other hand, it is essential that subject. mission, if the immigration authorities we maintain continuous vigilance in I should like to ask him if he feels that have information that the person in real keeping from our shores the bad ele the difficulty is with the administration . ity is not a displaced person; but the ments. We must control at the very of the present law, or does the Senator final authority to determine that ques source the movement of undesirable think we need to correct the present law tion is the Displaced Persons Commis aliens to this country. Although we are by the enactment of new legislation sion? enjoying the greatest era of prosperity which will help in the administration of Mr. WITHERS. It has assumed that in the history of the country, we must the act? authority. . not be oblivious to the f ac~ that our Mr. WITHERS. I have wondered Mr. EASTLAND. And that is the American way of life is in great danger. about that. My idea is that we can place practice, is it? This Government must be alert not only certain mandatory restrictions around Mr. WITHERS. Yes, that has been in the control of subversive elements the law until it will be impossible for the the practice. The proof we have is that now within our country, but equally so authorities who administer it to violate that has been the practice. in the control of the entry of subversive it without subjecting themselves to dis Mr. EASTLAND. And that is the rea elements from without. We must pro missal. son why the Senate committee placed a hibit, ·if it is humanly posible to do so, provision as to that in the bill; is it not? the entry of even on~ alien bent upon Mr. WHERRY. I appreciate that an swer, because it seems to me that is the Mr. WITHERS. Yes. activities detrimental to the best inter I think some Senators have misun ests of the country. There have devel big question before us. If there is laxity or looseness in the administration, be derstood the argument made the other oped over the years since the war far day by the Senator from Mississippi. I too many situations permitting of the cause of any factor, I take it that it is the hope of the Senator from Kentucky do not thil)k the Senator from Missis entry into the United States of ques sippi has any misunderstanding of the tionable characters whose ideals and that the loopholes will be closed, so that in the administration of the act it will immigration law, but he based his case political philosophies are dangerous to upon the practices and upon the man the American way of life. be mandatory for the authorities to do the screening about which the Senator ner in which displaced persons matters I believe, from the evidence, Mr. Pres were handled abroad. I listened to the ident, that the administration of the Dis from Kentucky has spoken. placed Persons Act from the beginning Mr. WITHERS. That is correct. Senator from Mississippi, and I did not has offered easy opportunity for the infil Mr. WHERRY. Is that the Senator's see anything inconsistent in the state tration of subversive agents from the position? ments he made relative to the authority Mr. WITHERS. It is. I thank the assumed by the Displaced Persons Com- · hostile populations under Communist mission. I think he made the proper regimes. It is foolish to think that the Senator for his kindness. easy access afforded by the displaced Mr. President, the bill reported by the distinctions. persons program has not been fully taken committee sets up stronger safeguards Mr. EASTLAND. In fact, the state advantage of. Several employees of the and better screening processes than does ments I made were based on the testi Government who have recently testified the substitute. It was never intended mony. before the subcommittee considering dis that the Displaced Persons Commission Mr. WITHERS. That is correct. I am placed-persons legislation have given should operate in Europe. The Displaced speaking on the basis of the testimony abundant proof that aliens who may be Persons Act of 1948 is specific in provid I have heard. I do not think I have agents of Communist countries could en ing that the administration of the act heard any testimony which would war ter under the displaced-persons pro shall be vested in the immigration au rant us in leaving the act in the form gram without fear of detection. We can thorities already operating in Europe. in which it now is. All the evidence I not tell at this time how many have en As I said a while ago, I do not think have heard and all the counsel and ad tered. That will be apparent only when the immigration authorities are to blame, vice and information I have received the activity of these agents discloses their for the reason that they are not suffi have been to the effect that practically presence. When that time comes, Mr. ciently staffed to do this work. The all the evidence would indicate that we President, it may be too late. It is our amount of work to be done is immense. need to tighten the present law. present duty to strengthen all the safe I have been reliably informed that the I have no particular preference about guards against the entry of a single sub staff of the immigration authorities is the matter; the position I take is not · versive agent in thr future. not sufficient to permit them to under- taken because of any personal pride in 2938 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 7 the matter in any way. I served on the Mr. WHERRY. Of course, if all the From ·the evidence·, our Government committee with a perfectly open mind, Senators could hear the distinguished must take firm hold in the matter of ad so far as I was able to ·do; and I was Senator, they would get the information ministering the displaced-persons pro determined to let the proof develop as they seek, but Senators have so much gram, in order that only the best quali it would. From the proof which was committee work and other types of work fied displaced persons may come to this presented, I have arrived at a decision that they must depend to a large extent country. I doubt whether we are going which satisfies me, and that decision is on the record. I believe that if the Sen to get the best ones. I imagine the best that something needs to be done to the ators could get the record, they could pos on.es have already been picked. We may act. I do not think any act is sufficiently sibly familiarize themselves with the get the best of those who are left, not the comprehensive if it does not carry with evidence to which reference is now being best of those who were there originally. it sufficient restrictions and penalties to made. Mr. President, though I cannot state assure that it will be properly enforced. Mr. WITHERS. I think it highly it as a fact, I have been told by those Of course, if there is any fault in that important that Senators have the record. ·whom I regard as being in a position of respect, the Congress itself must assume I think they are entitled to it. I do not authority and qualified to pass judgment its proper part of the fault and its pro think a bill as important as the pending at least upon the fate of France, that at portionate share of the blame. If we are one should pass without every Senator the eno of World War I, France was pro going to pass laws that are not going having had an opportunity to check nounced the greatest military natior: on to be enforced, we must assume our por such portions of the evidence as he may the earth. We saw her ebb away slowly tion of that responsibility. desire to peruse. I do not think every and crumble from within. One- of my Mr. EASTLAND. Is it not our duty Senator would want to :i:ead all the evi informants said that at the end of World to try to take the provisions which are dence, but Senators would ·want to check War I, France became a haven for all the not being enforced, as a result of miscon certain portions of it to see whether it persecuted and oppressed peoples of structions by the depart:i;nents or agen supported the arguments which have Europe. · She was not careful about ad cies, and strengthen those portions of been made. mitting persons to citizenship. She was the law so that there cannot be any The only instances in which the im destroyed from within, rather than from question about them? migration officers are permitted to in without. The same fate can very readily Mr. WITHERS. I think so. I ven terfere with the admission of displaced come to us, and I should not be surprised, ture the assertion that if all Members persons is when the medical examination in the event America were ever destroyed, of the Senate had heard the proof which shows that a man is not physically able to ·see the destruction come from within, we on the committee have heard, the . to qualify under the immigration laws, after we had become so impotent that we great majority of the Members of the or there is some other disqualifying fac could not resist aggression from without. Senate would share our view. I think tor under the regular immigration laws. Responsibility for the selection of dis every Senator has the same idea about They are not permitted to hold a case, placed persons should be placed in the it that we have. We may differ among even if they do not believe the person is hands of good, solid American citizens, ourselves in regard to the proper mechan qualified as a displaced person. determined above all else to enforce ics or the proper approach, but I do not The committee bill undertakes to rem strictly not only the provisions of the think for a moment that there is one edy the situation by giving the immigra Displaced Persons Act, but all our immi Senator who does not want the proper tion and consular officers full authority gration ·statutes. Administration of the safeguards thrown about the law. Prac and responsibility to administer the act act should be placed in the Immigration tically all of us are satisfied that it has in selecting persons for immigration and Service. I am not going to be a stickler been abused. There are some Senators passing upon their qualifications both as about it. It is in the bill. If someone who will not favor this bill, but who think displaced persons and as immigrants. can off er an amendment that is just as it is very close to their idea of proper The idea is that we give to the officers good, one that would· satisfy a majority legislation. I should like to go along of the United States the veto power, or of Senators, I could very readily accede with all Senators; but when there is a the power of rejecting any person they to it. But I want the administration of division of sentiment among Senators, may suspect would not made a good citi the act placed in the hands of good of course it is impossible to do so. zen, and I can see no objection to that. Americans. I refer to it as enforcement I think we could draw up an amend I certainly could not be contented if I of the law. I like the word "enforce ment which would meet with the favor felt that displaced persons were being ment." able opinion of every judicious, fair admitted for future citizenship, whose Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President- minded, and open-minded Member of eligibility was being voted upon by for The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does this body. eigners. I think American citizens only the Senator from Kentucky yield to the Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will should determine whether a man is en Senator from Nebraska? the Senator yield? titled to enter this country, and that it Mr. WITHERS. I yield. should be based upon adequate proof. Mr. WHERRY. As I understand the Mr. WITHERS. I yield. The committee bill undertakes to distinguished Senator, he is not particu Mr. WHERRY. Once again I wish to tighten the security investigation, so ·Jarly anxious to have the power vested in commend the Senator from Kentucky for that it will be impossible for spies, or the immigration authorities; what the the observations he has made relative those bent on subversive operations in Senator wants is an American agency to the provisions which he would like to this country, to get through. None of that will have the final power to veto the see enacted in order to strengthen the extra security provisions are contained applications of displaced persons, is that administration and enforcement of the in the substitute, and if that is enacted, correct? law. The Senator said a moment ago, if there will be almost unlimited opportu Mr. WITHERS. That is correct. I understood his observation correctly, nities for agents of iron-curtain coun Mr. WHERRY. If it happens to be that if Senators had heard the evidence tries to get through. Such people, when the immigration authorities, does the and knew the conditions in the situation they come here, do not think of them Senator feel they should be properly which has developed, he feels that they selves as spies. They would not call staffed to do the work? would go along with the corrections that themselves spies. People in their home Mr. WITHERS. Some other body are about to be made. land would not call them spies. They are with equal authority would be just as Mr. WITHERS. The Senator is cor specially trained, though not necessarily satisfactory. rect. for a mission involving espionage. Nat Mr. WHERRY. That is correct. Mr. WHERRY. How else can the urally they are better able to take care Mr. WITHERS. · I could very well Members of the Senate come to that con of themselves, when they are being ex support the amendment offered by the clusion, unless they can hear the Senator amined, than the ignorant applicant and distinguished junior Senator from Mary present the argument, or can read the others who are not coming in for any land, to place equal authority upon record of the testimony which the Sen specific purpose, but who may subse ·every American agency in Europe, mak ator has heard? quently become bad citizens. There is ing them jointly and severally responsi Mr. WITHERS. I certainly have no all the more reason for our obtaining the ble. It is little wonder that laxity may desire to deceive the Senate in my ob best information Possible, to enable us to have been permitted and that hundreds sel"'Vations. The truth ·and correctness pass judgment at least on the cleverest · may have gained access by the use of of my assertions can be verified. ones seeking to enter the country. false and fraudulent representations. 1950 ·CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 2939
Under pressure of such a program, that son should be admitted into this country blood coursing in their veins. Who ~an is bound to happen. who has attempted to qualify through say that these expellees of German origin I do not like to say I am alarmed, and perjury and the submission of false doc would not make outstanding American I do not know that I am particularly uments. It is regrettable that thousands citizens? If we are going to take thou· amazed, but I was surprised that the of those already admitted may have com. sands of persons from Poland, why do proof which was offered was as strohg mitted perjury and may have misstated we exclude Polish residents of German and convincinr as it was. If the right facts regarding their qualificati6ns in or· blood? If we are to take displaced per. kind of officers, sufficiently high in au. der to be selected ahead of others who are sons from the Baltic countries, why do thority, could give me the assurance that honest. If there is no hesitancy in prac· we exclude Baltic people of German the act was being enforced properly, I ticing fraud and deceit before they ar· blood? It may be true that many of should be ready at any time to accept rive, how will they behave after they get them collaborated with Hitler and do not their word for it, but I have not received here? I am not in favor of bringing that deserve our sympathy or our considera. counsel or advice that it has been en. type of alien to this country, and I favor tion for American citizenship, but that forced properly. I am not charging any. deporting every person who has been ad· does not mean, Mr. President, that all of thing to anyone, aside from the Congress. mitted under false pretenses. them are equally guilty and undeserv We passed the law, and if there are loop· Mr. President, one of the important ing. Those who were our enemies can holes in it, it becomes the duty of the changes made by the bill reported by the be eliminated. Complete records are Congress to amend the law. I am not majority of the Senate Committee on the available in Germany on every person, going to claim that I carry any great Judiciary is a change of the definition of no matter where he lives, who joined force or weight, but I certainly do not ''displaced persons." The Displaced Per the German Army or cooperated with the want to be derelict in seeing that proper sons Act of 1948 defines displaced persons Nazi Government. Some of these peo. safeguards are thrown around the provi· as "those who were the concern of the pie had lived in the countries surround sion of law under which persons from International Refugee Organization,'' ing Germany for many generations and foreign countries can enter our borders. which was set up as a branch of the were no more German than were the The failure of displaced persons, who United Nations to care for European families in America who migrated from have been sponsored· by our farmers, to refugees and displaced persons. The Germany in. the last century. stay on the farms and fulfill the obliga IRO definition specifically excludes many The committee has written its own tions they assume, is most distressing. millions of displaced persons who were definition in the committee bill and that There are several reasons why they do driven from their homes in the small definition includes all displaced persons, not stay. In the first place, American eastern European countries surrounding not just those who are the concern of agriculture is highly mechanized. Fur· Germany by the Russian armies and by the International Refugee Organization. ther, in Europe, the farming tools-I the Communist governments in control What does the substitute bill have to would not call it machinery; they have of those countries at the end of the war. say about the German expellees, Mr. very little of that-are of the crudest Somewhere between twelve and twenty President? That bill excludes all dis· sort. The farmer of Europe, even though million men, women, and children were placed persons of German ethnic origin he might have been a farmer all his life, brutally uprooted without notice and because it keeps the old definition of dis would not be competent to come to Amer· forced to :flee for their lives, for no other placed persons, which was written into lea and make good at farming, Such reasons than that German blood :flowed the Displaced Persons Act of 1948 and persons may act in good faith in making in their veins and they spoke the Ger. retained in the Celler bill which passed applications for admittance, but we man language. the House of Representatives. It offers know full well that when they come here I should like to say at this point, Mr. no relief to German expellees. If for they will be faced with entirely different President, that I am not prejudiced no other reason, the substitute bill should conditions, particularly a type of agri· against German blood. I am not preju. be defeated and the definitions of the culture different from that in Europe. diced against the ethnic German who has majority bill accepted by the Senate if They find themselves again displaced not been under the influence of Hitler. we are going to have a new displaced from their niche, or misplaced. I know something of the Germans in this persons act. Thousands of cases have been called country, and I do not believe I make a Mr. KILGORE. Mr. President- to the attention of Congress, involving mistake when I say that no higher class The PRESIDING OFFICER Mr. EASTLAND. Has the Senator made by the distinguished· Senator f-rom a new sectio~. to be given the proper from Kentucky the figures showing how Mississippi [Mr. EASTLANDJ. · I think the number, which would read as follows: many have come in under the present Senator from New York is correct in his The second sentence of section 10 of the law? understanding of the law. The Senator · Displaced Persons Act of 1948 is amended Mr. WITHERS. A very small number. from Mississippi took the position that · to read ·as follows: "The burden of proof Does the Senator himself recall the the provisions of the act had not been shall be ,upon the person who seeks to es ft.cure? · properly carried out. Any criticism that tablish ·his elig_ibil~ty under this act- Mr. EASTLAND. No; I do not. may be hurled at the Senator from New That is already in th~ act. Then the Mr. WITHERS. I know it is a small · York I must resent. I have the. highest amendment continues- number. regard for him as a citizen and as a and no person shall be issued an immigra Mr. EASTLAND. If the bill becomes statesman. I am proud of the· fine worl{ tion visa or be admitted into the United law, there is no assurance that any more he has done and is doing, not only in the States under this act if the consular officer of them will come in, is there? · Senate, but in all the positions of public or the immigrant inspector knows or has Mr. WITHERS. That is correct. · trust he has occupied. I have the same _reason to believe that the alien is subject to exclusion from the United States under any Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will confidence in his integrity, patriotism, · provision of the immigration laws or is not the Senator yield further? and loyalty to America as I have in that · eligible under the terms of this act: Pro Mr. WITHERS. I yield. of every other Senator. vi ded, That nothing in this section shall re Mr. WHERRY. I think the Senator is " Mr. LEHMAN. I thank the Senator move the. right of review and appeal available making one of the most forceful speeches from Kentucky. to aliens under general immigration laws." I have heard on this issue, and I appre- . Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, will the ciate his taking time to make the address. Senator yield? In other words, it would allow each If I correctly understand the figures- Mr. WITHERS. I yield. one of the services, the Displaced Per and, again, we do not have the hearings, Mr. LUCAS. All through the debate . sons Commission, the Consular Service, and, therefore, we do not know exactly, : we have heard about the failure of the · which is under the Secretary of State, · but I have read or heard that less than administration. How does the bill which and the Immigration Inspection Service, a thousand persons of German ethnic has been reported from the committee which is under_the Department of Jus origin have come in-- perfect the administration phase of the tice, to perform their respective func Mr. WITHERS. It has been a very program, which seems to be the most im- tions as officers under the law. Does small number. ·· . portant of all? · not the Senator from Kentucky feel that Mr. WHERRY. They have already Mr. WITHERS. I do not know whether it would solve the ent,ire problem of ad come in, and not to exceed 5,000 have it has been done by agreement, suffer - ministration? been in process of coming. Is that ap- ance, order, or what not,'and we are not Mr. WITHERS. I believe it would be proximately correct? . making specific charges against any a long step toward the solution of the Mr. WITHERS. That figure is not far - American citizen or charging any Ameri- · problem, and would provide a basis for from being correct, I am sure. · . can citizen with dereliction of duty. The our getting together. Perhaps ~ome of Mr. KILGORE. Mr. President, will . work in Europe has been very great, and · the language of the suggested amend the Senator yield so that I may ·answer the displaced persons have been crowded : ment is a little weak, par.ticularly in. its that question? · to come to the United States. placing of specific duties on each of the Mr. WITHERS. I yield. Mr. LUCAS. Whose fault is that? services. I do not know where the limi Mr. KILGORE. In the testimony the Mr. WITHERS. I do not know that tation ,should be place.d as .to the duties reason was given for the small number it is the fault of anyone. · to 9e performed by each of the services. that had come in.. It was the fact ·that Mr. LUCAS. If there is not a suffi Someone should have the. power to say, the !RO was paying transportation of cient staff properly to administer the law, "This should or. should not be." the displaced persons, but there is no or- the fault lies in the Congress of the Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, I ganization which will pay the transpor- . United States, does it not? send th.e amendment to the desk and tation of the. German ethnics. There- Mr. WITHERS. That is where I place ask that it be printed and lie on the fore, they were unable to come in, be- . it all the time. Congress itself has the -table . . -cause only those who had enough money · burden, and must assume the responsi The PRESIDING OFFICER. The . to pay their own way could come in. bility. I agree with the Senator from amendment will be received .and print Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will Illinois on that point. ed, and will lie on the table. the Senator yield further? Mr. LUCAS. I am glad the. Senator Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, will Mr. WITHERS. I yield. agrees. the Senator yield? Mr. WHERRY. Are greater numbers Mr. WITHERS. I made that state- Mr. WITHERS. I yield. of peoples of German ethnic origin now ment a while ago; I said it was the re- Mr. FERGUSON. . Under the present being processed? sponsibility of Congress. . law a visa officer is charged with the Mr. WITHERS. There are relatively Mr. LUCAS. I certainly agree with duty of visaing a passport when he be very few. the Senator. If there has been a faulty lieves all requirements of all laws have Mr. KILGORE. Fur the same reason. administration of the act, and if there been satisfied. The suggested amend Mr. WITHERS. No; not for the same has been a lack of personnel or if there ment places the responsibility on him, . reason, but because the quotas are not has not been properly qualified person- . where it is today. The inspector of im as high as some of the other quotas. nel, then it has been because of the migration, under the law, has the fur Mr. WHERRY. If the definition were failure of the Congress of the United ther duty of enforcing all immigration accepted, all the other conditions would States to appropriate sufficient funds to laws, and, as we state in this amend be accepted, would they net? see that the act is properly administered. ment, "all provisio.ns of this act." So he Mr. WITHERS. Yes. There has been Mr. WITHERS. I brought up that must perform his functions, as he is an effort to hold them back. point in the Senator's absence. under the DeP8'rtment of Justice. I do not want to be understood as be- Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, will Mr. WITHERS. I believe the Senator ing favorable or partial to a particular the Senator yield? would be correct if he were to provide race. I mentioned the people of German Mr. WITHERS. I yield. further that the visa officer should be ethnic origin because I thought they Mr. FERGUSON. I know how sincere . provided with a sufficient staff to do the should have been included. Representa- the distinguished Senator from Ken required work, so that he might make tives of other great races have come to tucky is on the question of administra his own investigations. As the Senator this country and have made wonderful tion. I spoke earlier regarding a pro knows, the trouble has been that the of citizens. . posed amendment which I thought ficers have had to rely on proof fur I should like to say, since the distin- might settle much of the debate. I nished by the Displaced Persons Com- guished junior Senator from New York should like to read it to the Senate be . mission. is present, that I enjoyed his remarks, fore I send it to the desk and ask that Mr. FERGUSOJ:if. I am assuming that · and I cannot say I ·disagree with him. it be printed and lie on the table. the visa officer will have a sufficient staff Not being a lawyer, I did not understand - In the substitute it is proposed to in to. perform all the functions provided the legal effect of some of the statements sert between lines 23 and 24, on page 13, under the law. 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 2941 Mr. WITHERS. I believe the amend and not destroy, at the same time, the ment agency which finally passes on the ment should provide ·for such a staff, so utility of the bill. · eligibility of displaced persons. that there would be no room for as Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will the Mr! WITHERS. It certainly does. sumptions, but, rather, that the law Senator yield? . Mr. WHERRY. Does the Senator feel would clearly state the provision. One Mr. WITHERS. I yield. that if the bill is adopted, and the agency trouble we have had is that provision has · Mr. WHERRY. Does not the commit is properly manned, it will help the ad been made for an officer to do these tee amendment, which provides a new ministration of the act? things, but no provision for a sufficient definition, approach what the Senator Mr. WITHERS. That is about the staff with which he would be able to do from Kentucky feels will accomplish the only way in which it could .be done. I do them. purpose? not say that it should be done by any Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, Will Mr. WITHERS. At least we may start particular immigration official. It could the Senator yield? in that direction. I think it is important be done by any responsible agency which Mr. WITHERS ~ I yield. for every Senator to keep an open mind would be sufficiently staffed to carry out Mr. McCARRAN. The amendment on the subject. No Senator should feel its functions without having to rely on suggested by the Senator from Michigan that his particular brand should - be any other agency for its proof. presents nothing new. Residence in or _placed on an amendment. Mr. WHERRY. That is correct. admission to this country is not a matter We should let it be a Senate amend Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I of right; it is a matter of privilege. One ment. Let us talk about ·and work out wish to address myself at this time, not who comes liere must establish that he the mechanics of a bill whi-ch will be to the body of the legislation now pend is worthy of the privilege. That is the workable. We may differ on principles, ing in the Senate, but to an amendment law. It must be established affirmatively but when we are united on one princi which I have offered to the bill as it came by those who seek to come here. That ple we can solve the problem. I do not from the committee and to the substitute being true, there is nothing new at all understand why Senators who are presented by the Senator from West Vir in the suggestion offered by the Senator iawyers cannot agree on what is a good, ginia [Mr. KILGORE] and those of us who from Michigan. The fact is that under legal bill. I am unable to understand are cosponsors of the substitute. the Displaced Persons Act of 1948, the why Senators who are eager to have a Mr. President, 5 years have passed opposite course has been followed. In workable bill should get themselves into since the last war was brought to a suc other words, in place of an applicant for an attitude of not being able to work it cessful conclusion. The destruction of admission to this country proving that he out among themselves. I do not wish to the Nazis, and the surrender of the Jap was worthy, and that he was not guilty impede the adoption of any bill, I do not anese ushered in bright hope of everlast of any subversive activities, nor a mem wish to interfere with the adoption of ing peace and friendship. ber of any subversive agency, it was the any bill, I do not wish to destroy its All of us were convinced that our other way around. To exclude him it workability, or to delay its "O eration, swords would be beaten into plowshares, had to be proved that he was. Let me . except as it may be necessarY::- to pro.;. and the world would never know war follow up with just an expression which vide the necessary screening. That may again. The alliance and friendships will be of interest to the Senator from delay its operation. I would have no ob among nations and their fighting men, Michigan, as well as to the Senator from jection to such delay. We do not owe we all felt, would help to dispel previous Kentucky. anybody any apology if we delay for that misunderstandings and distrusts. But purpose. However, I do not see why for many millions there was still linger I say quite frankly that I found-, in ing dislocation. Europe that the United States is made lawyers cannot work out a workable bill a laughing stock, because we are admit in that respect. Dislocations of families are sad; it is ting people to fill quotas, while other Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will the heartbreaking when scattered members countries are selecting persons to fill Senator yield? seek to reunite; but children bereft of specific places in which wqrk is avail Mr. WITHERS. I yield. home and family can do more to bring able for the individual selected. Aus Mr. WHERRY. So that the junior t ears to our eyes and ache to our hearts Senator from Nebraska will clearly than all the others. After all, · adults tralia calls the people she takes "selec can make adjustments, and perhaps the tees." We call them "displa~ persons." understand the Senator from Kentucky, I should like to inquire whether it is the sins visited upon them are just retribu• I have followed the selectees from the tion. But the little ones continue to time they were first selected until they feeling of the Senator from Kentucky that it would be necessary to adopt the bear the burdens of the fathers, "even were put on ships. I saw th-em screened, unto the seventh generation." and screened, and screened. I know the committee's definition of a displaced per process that is resorted to. They had son in order to strengthen the adminis We, here, are faced with major prob tration of the act. lems. As leaders among the free bodies to establish that ' they were worthy of of the lawmakers in the world today, we residence in Australia, or they did not Mr. WITHERS. That is on behalf of the ethnic Germans, the Grecians, and have additional burdens, over and above have a chance to go there. the duties defined by the Constitution. Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, will the others who have not been included in For as we debate the issues at hand it the Senator from Kentucky yield? the present definition, and who are just is not merely the people in our respective Mr. WITHERS. I yield. as worthy of admission to this country as constituencies who watch our actions, but Mr. FERGUSON. The Senator knows some of those who are included. the people of the world. Ours is the that the· Senator from Michigan provides Mr. WHERRY. The committee bill torch which, held high above the heads in this proposed amendment, as does the gives the veto power to Government of the throng, offers light and hope to present act, that the burden of proof is agencies. oppressed millions . placed upon the displaced person. . Mr. WITHERS. Yes. It is not my purpose at this time to Mr. McCARRAN. That is the law. Mr. WHERRY. They would have the enter into the debate as to the relative That is what it should be. Now it is right to pass finally upon the eligibility merits Qf the Kilgore substitute and the being laid aside, and that is what I ob of displaced persons who were to come McCarran bill, nor to explain in detail ject to. into our country. my reasons for voting, when the time Mr. WITHERS. I invite the attention Mr. WITHERS. I do not recall suffi comes, for the Kilgore substitute. I am of the Senate to the fact that no doubt ciently now how far the committee sub more concerned with persuading the all of us are striving toward the same ·stitute for the House bill goes toward Senate of the United States that my end, and are desirous of expressing the staffing the offices, but proper provision amendment, which now lies on the desk, same idea. Unfortunately, we do not must be made for staffing the agency. the amendment known as t he war or seem to be able to sit down together and · Mr. WHERRY. I would agree with phans amendment, to admit 25,000 war arrive at a formula which will carry out the Senator, if the House bill as amended orphans into the United States, should the opinion of every Member of the Sen by the committee were adopted. How be accepted by the advocates of both 'ate. I know that all Senators are of the ever, I should like to ask the Senator measures. I shall off er it as an amend ·one miild that we should get a bill which whether the suggested amendment does ment to both when the appropriate time would properly safeguard our country, not place the veto power in the Govern- arises. I have submitted amendments XCVI--186 2942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 7 to both the McCarran bill and the Kil our decisions on the issue in which we of these people have never reported to gore substitute. now are interested.' such organizations as were set up. I wish to discuss my amendment as a We have a heritage of social achieve Many have slipped into local communi matter which concerns us, both as law ments as strong as our heritage of eco ties and have been absorbed in such a makers and as individuals. Both the nomic achievements. We must remem manner that few realize that they are Kilgore substitute and the McOarran ber that democracy is not an economic from far-off places. Others for sins, real bill, Mr. President, make significant theory, but a social and political philos or imagined, have been afraid to make strides in bringing war orphans into the ophy. Too often in our approach to known their plight to the authorities, United States. Both, however, are in world affairs or domestic issues, we dis preferring to live in a shadow world, adequate. cuss the American way of life, the rich neither free nor slave. Under the McCarran bill a provision ness and fullness thereof, and we mean But there are also the children, the is made to admit 5,000 "eligible displaced the economic· progress we have made chifdren of war, violence and hate; off orphans" who are "displaced persons" because we have been blessed with great spring of evil; living monuments to under the IRO definition of the term. riches, boundless resources, and a people, man's inhumanity to man; children sick An additional provision is made for 5,000 daring, adventurous, and ambitious. at heart, sick of mind, sick with despair. children under the age of 16 years who Bt:t the American way of life is far For many years now these orphans have reside in Germany, Austria or Italy, and more than cars, refrigerators, and sav been led to believe that scarcely anyone who have been adopted by members of ings accounts. The American way is really cares. Few know where tl1ey are, the Armed Forces of the United States beyond the mere economics of living. why they are there, and mor-e care less stationed in any of those countries. Never before in the history of man has children not responsible for the deeds of The Kilgore substitute, Mr. President, the thought that man does not live by their elders, yet paying for them. also provides for 5,000 displaced orphans bread alone ·been so exemplified as here We have a definite responsibility to · who are displaced persons under the age in this country. If we are to maintain ward these youngsters. Where else can of 19 years, but who are in Italy, Ger that development which is man's high they turn? Need they turn elsewhere? many or Austria. The Kilgore amend est achievement, we must understand Will we deny our heritage, our fore ment also provides for an additional the spiritual values which man has cre bears, our traditions and turn away 5,000 children under the age of 16 years ated in our country. from these youngsters who rightfully ex now residing in Germany, Austria, or Truly it may be said that these are pect so much from us? Italy, but who have been adopted by any times that try men's souls. WE are con The question before us. Mr. President, American citizen, not only by the mem fronted by many dangers. Indeed, it is is a humanitarian issue. But it is larger, bers of the armed forces. · our souls which bear the searching, not more important, and at the same time My amendment would differ from both our minds alone. Our heritage, our phi equally fundamental. The issue is di the Kilgore and the McCarran provisions losophy and our basic understanding of rectly tied up with our foreign policy. in that it would increase the number to what this country means are tied up· in Within our body, I hear and see names 25.000, and I believe this to be a very every move, every action, and every · from many parts of the world. England, conservative number, and I would ex thought in our everyday lives. Our re Ireland, Scandinavia, the Mediterra pand its provisions to include children sponsibility to ourselves and our future nean, Germany, from distant lands have in other countries of Europe who are citizens calls for hard, firm thinking. these names come. Today they sit in · just as much in need. I call the atten~ The distinguished Senator from Con this body and consider themselves Amer tion of the Senate to the fact that while necticut has searched his soul, and told icans. Who would have dared to keep the war orphans of three farmer enemy us what he feels. That he feels deeply from our shores such men as these? countries, Italy, Austria, and Germany, and well is evident. The distinguished Are we to believe that the off spring of are covered in both the McCarran bill Senator from Maryland has expressed our forebears are not equal to ourselves? and the Kilgore substitute, the children his views based on intellectual analysis. Certainly we do not believe that we of men of nations who fought by our side All of us are aware, not only of the Americans are superior beings. as allies during the war are excluded. deadly peril which confronts us, but of In the course of this historic debate, My amendment, Mr. President, also the bright vista which we may see, if we the fear .ha.s been expressed that a lib would not require full legal adoption pro will only look. · eralized Displaced Persons Act would ceedings-I emphasize those words-be I say, Mr. President, that we no longer allow subversives and Communists to fore the orphan could be brought into represent merely Minnesota, Florida, enter our oorders. I think that has been the United States. Many of our Minne Oregon, California, Maine. We represent one of the main issues. sota good folks would like the oppor Norway, Denmark, Italy, France, Africa, Advocates of the Kilgore substitute tunity to adopt war orphans from Bel Asia, the Balkans, Poland, Greece; not have in turn made the persuasive case gium, or the Scandinavian countries, or only the free world, but the whole world. that the seven extraordinary protective France, and they would like to do so In the Ukraine, Afghanistan, Sinkiang, provisions in it are more than adequate without having to go to the expense of Burma, Holland, Siberia-wherever peo to protect our public interest. Much of going to Europe to initiate adoption pro ple live, breathe, reproduce, and die-are the final determination of this legisla ceedings there. Our church, public, and our constituents. While the great build tion will hinge on this question and on private welfare organizations are fully ing of brick and glass goes up majesti the question of the way the Displaced competent to accept the responsibility of cally along New York's East River, Persons Act is administered. bringing to these shores orphans for pur eventually to house the United Nations, . Mr. President, this consideration need poses of adoption without requiring that we here in this chamber represent equally not even enter into the discussion of my the adoption proceedings take place in the hopes and aspirations of the world amendment. Children-not politics Europe, as is the implication of both the constituency. ·Their lives are in abey are involved, Mr. President. Kilgore and the McCarran proposals. ance. They depend upon our action. In the course of the past few weeks Mr. President, in any discussion today The responsibility rests upon us. We I have had occasion to become intimately the basic issues of our domestic and for have before us a practical application of acquainted with the problem of war or eign policies are before us. The two such philosophy. phans in the United States. I have come are one. At present much more than According to the best available fig to see not only the effects of human suf at any time in history, foreign affairs and ures, when the war in Europe ended in fering abroad, but the great humanita domestic issues are inseparable. Wheth May 1945, there were some 8,000,000 dis rian striving within America and within er it be FEPC or approval of funds for placed people. Of that number, thanks the hearts and souls of Americans who extension of ECA; whether it be liber to the efforts of the victorious armies and wish to adopt one of these children and alized immigration laws and the admis the United Nations Relief and Rehabili to give such a child a home and a good sion of war orphans; whether it be ex tation Administration, in which our col break in life. pansion of our domestic economy and league, the distinguished junior Sena Letters by the score have come into the greater importation of Europe's tor from New York; played such a stellar my office from representatives of church goods and services, foreign and domestic role, some 7,000,000 of these unfortunate groups, from women's clubs, from Amer issues are ever before us, and be~ore us beings were repatriated in the first year. ican men and women of all walks oJ life, as one. Just as the fingers of the hand Of course, we recognize that no full telling me about their experiences, about are joined to the whole body, so it is with accounting could ever be made. Millions children of their relatives now in Eu- 1950 :CONGRESSIONAL' RECORD-SENATE 2943 rope asking haven here in the United Whereas throughout those countries due to cried bitterly, and literally had to be States, telling me about their efforts to the war millions of orphaned children under physically carried to the plane which was .10 years of age are unclothed, undernour adopt European war orphan children. ished, insecure, and will perish from lack of returning him to a bleak, motherless life All of them urge support for my amend nutrition and medical assistance; and in an orphanage in poverty-stricken ment. Whereas American families who are finan Sicily? . Mr. President, not a day passes but cially independent and who 'are blood rela Mr. President,. no one can tell me that in the mail coming to my ·office, and, I 'tives or relatives by marriage of such war in the United States of America there am sure, in the mail coming to the offices orphans and who are eager and willing to is no room for Bruno. No one can tell of other Senators, there are ·urgent, pa adopt such war orphans of those allied coun tries and bring them to America so that they me that any law we have is so inflexible thetic pleas on the part of Americans may have an opportunity to live and grow that it cannot be amended in such a who have made their way in our Nation, up as American citizens in our democratic way that we can make room for thou who have done very well, who have fine country and adapt themselves to the demo sands of young chaps who want a homes and good businesses here, and cratic way of life as we know it; and "break" in life. We found time to en who have established excellent reputa- Whereas urgency of such legislation is tertain many of them, and that did not . tions and have fine backgrounds; they demonstrated by the humanitarian and help upset our life or our procedures. In are appealing for a chance to bring the ful attitude taken by the United States of fact, it brought· cheer to the hearts of America: Now, therefore, be it son or daughter of an uncle or an aunt Resolved, That the house of representa many Americans, and today 25 good or a nephew who is across· the ocean tives, the senate concurring, memorialize the Americans beg for an opportunity · to a son or a daughter of their kin folks, Congress of the United States to amend the adopt that child. However, that child so to speak, of their relatives-and to present immigration laws whereby such adop was physically hauled back to Italy, to go give that .)::>oy or girl a chance to grow tion may be possible. back to a rotten orphanage in Sicily. I up in America, and to have the same Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, our daresay that all of us have received in the chance that some of us have had in this State of Minnesota is a big State. In mail letters telling again and again the country. it are nearly 3,000,000 Ameri9ans, all same unhappy story about how legal Yet I submit to you, Mr. President, of whom remember their European her technicalities have prevented the ful that one of the tragedies in which this itage, and that they or their fathers fillment of a dream. Nation has participated since World War were displaced persons. I believe that The distinguished Senators from New II arises from the fact that we have the people of ou:· State, like those of the York are well acquainted with the case literally closed our doors upon the chil other States of the Union, are generous of Mr. and Mrs: Rene ,A.ugay, a couple dren of the world. I think the record of people. Many farmers in my State have blessed, except for children. Two years World War I and the terrible aftermath written to me or have spoken to me, ago they traveled to Europe-to Am:i of that war tell us that one of the things pointing to their lands, to our wide, open tria, in fact-and there· met and fell in which brought about the rise of Hitler spaces, and to the wealth in our soil, love with a little tyke, 2 years of age. in Germany was the fact that thousands saying, "Why do our laws prevent us This little fellow is no Communist; we upon thousands of boys and girls were f ram sharing this richness and freed om do not need worry about any threat to left homeless after World War I, and with the unfortunate children in Europe, our national security from him. He was roamed the streets in bands, and became orphanea by war and the dislocations of living in squalor with his aged grand one of the major problems which con war" parents. The Augays adopted this waif. fronted Germany under the Weimar Re Mr. President, there is no finer place They put him in a home in Switzerland. public, which was beset with the diffi in all the world on which to give a young But they cannot bring him to this coun culty of knowing how to channel those man or a young woman an opportunity try. He is their child. Mr. President, groups of youngsters into areas of con to grow into adulthood than on a good he has been adopted by them. He is as structive activity. farm in one of our good aaticultural much their child as if he had been Mr. President, I dare say that if we now States. There are literally thousands of brought to them by normal birth. had a sufficient audience on the :floor of American farms whose owners are anx No doubt the distinguished Senators the Senate, in terms of the number of ious to adopt one of the war orphans. from Texas are acquainted with the case Senators who should be here, if we went American families by the hundreds of of Mr. Jake Weissblatt; of Forth Worth. from chair to chair, from Senator to thousands have prepared to welcome He is the uncle of a little girl born in Senator, and asked each Senator, "Have these children to their homes. The Poland. Incidentally, Mr. President, let you received letters from decent, respect amendment I submit would only provide me say that I have received from prac able, God-fearing citizens of your State for the admission of 25,000 of these tically every State in the Union letters who want to adopt a war orphan," prac children under the age of 16-a small about such cases. In the instance to tically every Senator would say, "Yes, number, but a significant indication that which I now address myself, Frieda and indeed; I have received many letters of America remains true to its heritage. her family were confined to a concentra that sort." It would be good for us to examine iri tion camp. That was the environment The legislature of my own State of somewhat more detail the kind of chil in which she was raised. Both parents Minnesota passed a concurrent resolu dren who would be affected by my amend were put to death. Frieda witnessed the tion memorializing the Congress of the ment. For example, Bruno Salafia is execution of her father. Freed by the United States to enact just such humani a Sicilian· orphan. His father was killed victorious allies, Frieda, in the care of tarian legislation in behalf of war or .while serving in the Italian Army. His an aunt, managed to get to Brussels . phans as is encompassed in my amend mother died of malnutrition. Except for For 3 years---Frieda is now 13-Mr. and ment. I submit a copy of that resolution one wonderful month-August 1948- Mrs. Weissblatt have tried to bring her for the RECORD, and ask that it be printed Bruno has kno1.vn only the life of an over to this country. They have means, at this point. orphan home. they want to educate her, care for her, There being no objection, the resolu Syracuse, N. Y., celebrated its cen and allow her to grow and flourish in an tion was ordered to be printed in the tennial. Through the American Em atmosphere of which they are proud RECORD, as follows: bassy in Rome, an application was made their America. They have legally A concurrent resolution memorializing the to have a boy from Siracusa, Sicily, come adopted the child. But how to bring her Congress of the United St.ates to amend the here and carry back home the message here? They look to us for an answer. immigration laws whereby American fami of American democracy. But Bruno not The distinguished Senator from Mon lies may adopt war orphans of allied coun . only was to carry back the message of tana [Mr. MURRAY] knows about Mr. tries of Europe of World War II American democracy; he was to cap Harry A. Norton, who for the past sev Whereas the present immigration law for ture the hearts of almost every Ameri eral years has devoted his efforts to bids American families to adopt orphans of can who saw his face. Twenty-five bringing in a youngster from Vienna, the devastated countries of Europe who have ,Austria. The Senator from Montana so gallantly defended freedom and democracy applications for adoption were received against fascism and nazism; and by his sponsors. Substantial citizens has exerted tremendous efforts to help Whereas the aftermath of war and the wanted to bring him into their homes. bring this child into this country, but ruthless oppression has caused misery and But his visa was· good for 1 month. without avail. Thus, we are losing the starvation. among the gallant peoples of . Never had the child known such love opportunity to create new and brave citi Europe; and and affection. . Is it any wonder that he zens for the future. 2944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 7 Mr. President, in -regard to similar United States for an additional 25,000 DISPLACED PERSONS cases I have received letter or other com war orphans? As a matter of fact, the The Senate resumed the considerat.ion munications from California, Connecti 25,000 :figure is merely picked out of the · of the bill
