The Great and Holy War Also by Philip Jenkins Laying Down the Sword Jesus Wars The Lost History of Chris tian ity God’s Continent The New Faces of Chris tian ity The Next Christendom Hidden Gospels The Great and Holy War How World War I Became a Religious Crusade PhiliP Jenkins the great and holy war: How World War I Became a Religious Crusade. Copyright © 2014 by Philip Jenkins. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this book may be used or repro- duced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information address Harper Collins Publishers, 10 East 53rd Street, New York, NY 10022. Harper Collins books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. For information please e- mail the Special Markets Department at
[email protected]. Harper Collins website: http://www.harpercollins.com Harper Collins®, ®, and HarperOne™ are trademarks of Harper Collins Publishers. first edition Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Jenkins, Philip, 1952– The great and holy war : how World War I became a religious crusade / Philip Jenkins. — First Edition. pages cm ISBN 978–0 –06 –210509–7 1. World War, 1914–1918 — Religious aspects. 2. World War, 1914–1918 — Religious aspects— Chris tian ity. 3. Nationalism— Religious aspects— History—20 th century. 4. Nationalism— Religious aspects— Chris tian ity— History—20 th century. 5. Messianism. 6. Eschatology. I. Title. D639.R4J56 2014 940.3'1-