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Menaquale, Sandy
“Prejudice is a burden that confuses the past, threatens the future, and renders the present inaccessible.” – Maya Angelou “As long as there is racial privilege, racism will never end.” – Wayne Gerard Trotman “Not everything that is faced can be changed, but nothing can be changed until it is faced.” James Baldwin “Ours is not the struggle of one day, one week, or one year. Ours is not the struggle of one judicial appointment or presidential term. Ours is the struggle of a lifetime, or maybe even many lifetimes, and each one of us in every generation must do our part.” – John Lewis COLUMBIA versus COLUMBUS • 90% of the 14,000 workers on the Central Pacific were Chinese • By 1880 over 100,000 Chinese residents in the US YELLOW PERIL https://iexaminer.org/yellow-peril-documents-historical-manifestations-of-oriental-phobia/ https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/14/us/california-today-chinese-railroad-workers.html BACKGROUND FOR USA IMMIGRATION POLICIES • 1790 – Nationality and Citizenship • 1803 – No Immigration of any FREE “Negro, mulatto, or other persons of color” • 1848 – If we annex your territory and you remain living on it, you are a citizen • 1849 – Legislate and enforce immigration is a FEDERAL Power, not State or Local • 1854 – Negroes, Native Americans, and now Chinese may not testify against whites GERMAN IMMIGRATION https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/FT_15.09.28_ImmigationMapsGIF.gif?w=640 TO LINCOLN’S CREDIT CIVIL WAR IMMIGRATION POLICIES • 1862 – CIVIL WAR LEGISLATION ABOUT IMMIGRATION • Message to Congress December -
A Comparative Study of French-Canadian and Mexican-American Contemporary Poetry
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FRENCH-CANADIAN AND MEXICAN-AMERICAN CONTEMPORARY POETRY by RODERICK JAMES MACINTOSH, B.A., M.A. A DISSERTATION IN SPANISH Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OP PHILOSOPHY Approved Accepted May, 1981 /V<9/J^ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am T«ry grateful to Dr. Edmundo Garcia-Giron for his direction of this dissertation and to the other mem bers of my committee, Dr. Norwood Andrews, Dr. Alfred Cismaru, Dr. Aldo Finco and Dr. Faye L. Bianpass, for their helpful criticism and advice. 11 ' V^-^'s;-^' CONTENTS ACKNOWI£DGMENTS n I. k BRIEF HISTORY OF QUE3EC 1 II• A BRIEF HISTORY OF MEXICAN-AMERICANS ^9 III. A LITERARY HISTORY OF QUEBEC 109 IV. A BRIEF OUTLINE OF ^MEXICAN LITERATURE 164 7» A LITERARY HISTORY OF HffiXICAN-AT/lERICANS 190 ' VI. A COMPARATIVE LOOK AT CANADZkll FRENCH AND MEXICAN-AMERICAN SPANISH 228 VII- CONTEMPORARY PRSNCK-CANADIAN POETRY 2^7 VIII. CONTEMPORARY TffiCICAN-AMERICAN POETRY 26? NOTES 330 BIBLIOGRAPHY 356 111 A BRIEF HISTORY OF QUEBEC In 153^ Jacques Cartier landed on the Gaspe Penin sula and established French sovereignty in North America. Nevertheless, the French did not take effective control of their foothold on this continent until 7^ years later when Samuel de Champlain founded the settlement of Quebec in 1608, at the foot of Cape Diamond on the St. Laurence River. At first, the settlement was conceived of as a trading post for the lucrative fur trade, but two difficul ties soon becam,e apparent—problems that have plagued French Canada to the present day—the difficulty of comirunication across trackless forests and m.ountainous terrain and the rigors of the Great Canadian Winter. -
Slum Upgrading Strategies and Their Effects on Health and Socio-Economic Outcomes
Ruth Turley Slum upgrading strategies and Ruhi Saith their effects on health and Nandita Bhan Eva Rehfuess socio-economic outcomes Ben Carter A systematic review August 2013 Systematic Urban development and health Review 13 About 3ie The International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie) is an international grant-making NGO promoting evidence-informed development policies and programmes. We are the global leader in funding, producing and synthesising high-quality evidence of what works, for whom, why and at what cost. We believe that better and policy-relevant evidence will make development more effective and improve people’s lives. 3ie systematic reviews 3ie systematic reviews appraise and synthesise the available high-quality evidence on the effectiveness of social and economic development interventions in low- and middle-income countries. These reviews follow scientifically recognised review methods, and are peer- reviewed and quality assured according to internationally accepted standards. 3ie is providing leadership in demonstrating rigorous and innovative review methodologies, such as using theory-based approaches suited to inform policy and programming in the dynamic contexts and challenges of low- and middle-income countries. About this review Slum upgrading strategies and their effects on health and socio-economic outcomes: a systematic review, was submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of SR2.3 issued under Systematic Review Window 2. This review is available on the 3ie website. 3ie is publishing this report as received from the authors; it has been formatted to 3ie style. This review has also been published in the Cochrane Collaboration Library and is available here. 3ie is publishing this final version as received. -
Villa Miseria Y Subjetividad En La Literatura Argentina Del Siglo XX Y XXI Maria Forcadell Washington University in St
Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) 1-1-2009 Representaciones e imaginarios sobre la pobreza: Villa miseria y subjetividad en la literatura argentina del siglo XX y XXI Maria Forcadell Washington University in St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd Part of the Latin American Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Forcadell, Maria, "Representaciones e imaginarios sobre la pobreza: Villa miseria y subjetividad en la literatura argentina del siglo XX y XXI" (2009). All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs). 113. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd/113 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS Department of Romance Languages and Literatures Dissertation Examination Committee: J. Andrew Brown, Chair Elzbieta Sklodowska, Co-Chair Akiko Tsuchiya William Acree Richard Walter Bret Gustafson REPRESENTACIONES E IMAGINARIOS SOBRE LA POBREZA: VILLA MISERIA Y SUBJETIVIDAD EN LA LITERATURA ARGENTINA DEL SIGLO XX Y XXI by María Soledad Forcadell A dissertation presented to the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2009 Saint Louis, Missouri Agradecimientos Quiero agradecer el gran aporte que recibí de mis profesores en el transcurso de la escritura de esta tesis. Mi más sincero agradecimiento a J. Andrew Brown, Elzbieta Sklodowska, Akiko Tsuchiya y María Fernanda Lander. -
(FCC) Complaints About Saturday Night Live (SNL), 2019-2021 and Dave Chappelle, 11/1/2020-12/10/2020
Description of document: Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Complaints about Saturday Night Live (SNL), 2019-2021 and Dave Chappelle, 11/1/2020-12/10/2020 Requested date: 2021 Release date: 21-December-2021 Posted date: 12-July-2021 Source of document: Freedom of Information Act Request Federal Communications Commission Office of Inspector General 45 L Street NE Washington, D.C. 20554 FOIAonline The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is a First Amendment free speech web site and is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. GovernmentAttic.org is not responsible for the contents of documents published on the website. Federal Communications Commission Consumer & Governmental Affairs Bureau Washington, D.C. 20554 December 21, 2021 VIA ELECTRONIC MAIL FOIA Nos. -
Villa Miseria Is the Argentinian Version of a Term That Has Numerous Local Equivalents
I knew the reality of Villas Miseria during the workshop “ABITAZONE08” organized by a free association named CONTROSPAZIOIWEB, the University of Reggio Calabria, and the FABU- UBA. Students and architects coming from different parts of Italy, Portugal, Spain and Argentina take part a the workshop in Buenos Aires in May 2008. The aim of the workshop was a project of a prototype of progressive housing Villa Miseria is the Argentinian version of a term that has numerous local equivalents: • Favela in Brazil, • Callampa in Chile, • Pueblo joven in Peru, • Katchi abadi in Pakistan, • Shanty town in Kenya, • Bidonville in Algeria, • Township in South Africa, The Villas Miseria ( or favelas, or shanty town….)are unplanned settlements. They appear as a result of the initiative of a group of citizens (normally from rural areas) who appropriate furtively and illegally an empty territory located on the periphery of a large city. All of them refer to the same phenomenon, the slum housing that surrounds the large metropolises of developing countries. The Villas Miseria sorround the city of Buenos Aires but there are aslo well defined “enclaves” inside the formal city - sometimes in the richer areas. PROXIMITY TO TOWN CENTER Pachacutec 30 km 9 km Lima Inhabitants: almost 8 Milion Buenos Aires Inhabitants: almost 15 Milion Gran B It the largest city of the State of Argentina, almost 20% of its population live in these areas. There are 21 Villas Miserias and most of them are either called or known by numbers as “Villa #1” or “Villa #21”. Until 1870 there was 33 “villas” belonged to Capital Federal, 99,143 inhabitants in all. -
Canadian Inclusive Language Glossary the Canadian Cultural Mosaic Foundation Would Like to Honour And
Lan- guage De- Coded Canadian Inclusive Language Glossary The Canadian Cultural Mosaic Foundation would like to honour and acknowledgeTreaty aknoledgment all that reside on the traditional Treaty 7 territory of the Blackfoot confederacy. This includes the Siksika, Kainai, Piikani as well as the Stoney Nakoda and Tsuut’ina nations. We further acknowledge that we are also home to many Métis communities and Region 3 of the Métis Nation. We conclude with honoring the city of Calgary’s Indigenous roots, traditionally known as “Moh’Kinsstis”. i Contents Introduction - The purpose Themes - Stigmatizing and power of language. terminology, gender inclusive 01 02 pronouns, person first language, correct terminology. -ISMS Ableism - discrimination in 03 03 favour of able-bodied people. Ageism - discrimination on Heterosexism - discrimination the basis of a person’s age. in favour of opposite-sex 06 08 sexuality and relationships. Racism - discrimination directed Classism - discrimination against against someone of a different or in favour of people belonging 10 race based on the belief that 14 to a particular social class. one’s own race is superior. Sexism - discrimination Acknowledgements 14 on the basis of sex. 17 ii Language is one of the most powerful tools that keeps us connected with one another. iii Introduction The words that we use open up a world of possibility and opportunity, one that allows us to express, share, and educate. Like many other things, language evolves over time, but sometimes this fluidity can also lead to miscommunication. This project was started by a group of diverse individuals that share a passion for inclusion and justice. -
Learning from Slum Upgrading and Participation
KTH Architecture and the Built Environment Learning from Slum Upgrading and Participation A case study of participatory slum upgrading in the emergence of new governance in the city of Medellín–Colombia CAMILO ANDRES CALDERON ARCILA Stockholm 2008 ___________________________________________________________ KTH, Department of Urban Planning and Environment Division of Environmental Strategies Research - fms Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan Degree Project SoM EX 2008-18 www.infra.kth.se/fms Zenobia, has houses made of bamboo and zinc, with many platforms and balconies places on stilts at various heights, crossing one another, linked by ladders and hanging sidewalks, surmounted by cone-roofed belvederes, barrels storing water, weather vanes, jutting pulleys, and fish poles, and cranes. No one remembers what need or command or desire drove Zenobia's founders to give their city this form, and so there is no telling whether it was satisfied by the city as we see it today, which has perhaps grown through successive superimpositions from the first, now undecipherable plan. But what is certain is that if you ask an inhabitant of Zenobia to describe his vision of a happy life, it is always a city like Zenobia that he imagines, with its pilings and its suspended stairways, a Zenobia perhaps quite different, a-flutter with banners and ribbons, but always derived by combining elements of that first model. However, it is pointless trying to decide whether Zenobia is to be classified among happy cities or among the unhappy. It makes no sense to divide cities into these two species, but rather into another two: those that through the years and the changes continue to give their form to desires, and those in which desires either erase the city or are erased by it." Italo Calvino, Le Cita Invisibli, 1972 Photo: Paulynn Cue Page | 2 Abstract This document compiles a highly discussed issue present in many cities of the developing world today; it brings forward the importance of facing the challenges that slums create to today’s cities and the mechanisms used for tackling such challenge. -
Housing Development: Housing Policy, Slums, and Squatter Settlements in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil and Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1948-1973
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: HOUSING DEVELOPMENT: HOUSING POLICY, SLUMS, AND SQUATTER SETTLEMENTS IN RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL AND BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA, 1948-1973 Leandro Daniel Benmergui, Doctor of Philosophy, 2012 Dissertation directed by: Professor Daryle Williams Department of History University of Maryland This dissertation explores the role of low-income housing in the development of two major Latin American societies that underwent demographic explosion, rural-to- urban migration, and growing urban poverty in the postwar era. The central argument treats popular housing as a constitutive element of urban development, interamerican relations, and citizenship, interrogating the historical processes through which the modern Latin American city became a built environment of contrasts. I argue that local and national governments, social scientists, and technical elites of the postwar Americas sought to modernize Latin American societies by deepening the mechanisms for capitalist accumulation and by creating built environments designed to generate modern sociabilities and behaviors. Elite discourse and policy understood the urban home to be owner-occupied and built with a rationalized domestic layout. The modern home for the poor would rely upon a functioning local government capable of guaranteeing a reliable supply of electricity and clean water, as well as sewage and trash removal. Rational transportation planning would allow the city resident access between the home and workplaces, schools, medical centers, and police posts. As interamerican Cold War relations intensified in response to the Cuban Revolution, policymakers, urban scholars, planners, defined in transnational encounters an acute ―housing problem,‖ a term that condensed the myriad aspects involved in urban dwellings for low-income populations. -
Hate Lingo: a Target-Based Linguistic Analysis of Hate Speech in Social Media
Hate Lingo: A Target-based Linguistic Analysis of Hate Speech in Social Media Mai ElSherief, Vivek Kulkarni, Dana Nguyen, William Yang Wang, Elizabeth Belding University of California, Santa Barbara fmayelsherif, vvkulkarni, dananguyen, william, [email protected] Abstract However, prior work ignores a crucial aspect of hate speech – the target of hate speech – and only seeks to dis- While social media empowers freedom of expression and in- tinguish hate and non-hate speech. Such a binary distinction dividual voices, it also enables anti-social behavior, online ha- fails to capture the nuances of hate speech – nuances that rassment, cyberbullying, and hate speech. In this paper, we can influence free speech policy. First, hate speech can be deepen our understanding of online hate speech by focus- ing on a largely neglected but crucial aspect of hate speech – directed at a specific individual (Directed) or it can be di- its target: either directed towards a specific person or entity, rected at a group or class of people (Generalized). Figure 1 or generalized towards a group of people sharing a common provides an example of each hate speech type. Second, the protected characteristic. We perform the first linguistic and target of hate speech can have legal implications with re- psycholinguistic analysis of these two forms of hate speech gards to right to free speech (the First Amendment).2 and reveal the presence of interesting markers that distinguish these types of hate speech. Our analysis reveals that Directed hate speech, in addition to being more personal and directed, Directed Hate Generalized Hate is more informal, angrier, and often explicitly attacks the tar- @usr A sh*t s*cking Muslim bigot like Why do so many filthy wetback get (via name calling) with fewer analytic words and more you wouldn't recognize history if it half-breed sp*c savages live in words suggesting authority and influence. -
Slum Areas of Southeast Asia: the Case of Manila, Philippines
Araştırma Makalesi - Research Article Türk Coğrafya Dergisi 77 (2021) 171-182 Türk Coğrafya Dergisi Turkish Geographical Review www.tcd.org.tr Basılı ISSN 1302-5856 Elektronik ISSN 1308-9773 Slum areas of Southeast Asia: The case of Manila, Philippines Güneydoğu Asya’nın sefalet mahalleleri: Manila örneği, Filipinler Adem Yulu *a a Iğdır University, Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Geography, Iğdır, Turkey. ORCID: A.Y. 0000-0001-8037-259X BİLGİ / INFO ÖZ / ABSTRACT Geliş/Received: 20.09.2020 Manila is a former colonial capital where people live together by working in informal trading busi- Kabul/Accepted: 17.06.2021 nesses within a quite unfavourable ambience. Manila, which is the focus of the country’s political, economic, and cultural life, has recently grown spatially and demographically, especially with new Anahtar Kelimeler: migrations from different parts of the country. The lands in Manila, which were once vacant, are Slum today largely filled with different urban areas. At the beginning they were slums which were used for Manila housing and informal commerce. These areas, classified as unfavourable and unhealthy for human Filipinler settlement, emerged with the support of certain political and economic forces using administrati- Kentsel dönüşüm projeleri ve gaps. The government of the Philippines is also incapable of dealing with uncontrollable urban problems. This paper focuses on slum areas in Manila, which are located in one of the main metro- Keywords: polises of Southeast Asia. Its purpose is, therefore, to reveal the occurrence of slum districts and the Slum dynamics effecting in their recent demolition. During the study, an ethnographic method which was Manila predominantly based on observation was used. -
From Working Arm to Wetback: the Mexican Worker and American National Identity, 1942-1964
Dominican Scholar Graduate Master's Theses, Capstones, and Culminating Projects Student Scholarship 1-2009 From Working Arm to Wetback: The Mexican Worker and American National Identity, 1942-1964 Mark Brinkman Dominican University of California https://doi.org/10.33015/dominican.edu/2009.hum.01 Survey: Let us know how this paper benefits you. Recommended Citation Brinkman, Mark, "From Working Arm to Wetback: The Mexican Worker and American National Identity, 1942-1964" (2009). Graduate Master's Theses, Capstones, and Culminating Projects. 67. https://doi.org/10.33015/dominican.edu/2009.hum.01 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at Dominican Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Master's Theses, Capstones, and Culminating Projects by an authorized administrator of Dominican Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FROM WORKING ARM TO WETBACK: THE MEXICAN WORKER AND AMERICAN NATIONAL IDENTITY, 1942-1964 A thesis submitted to the faculty of Dominican University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts in Humanities by Mark Brinkman San Rafael, California January 12, 2009 © Copyright 2009 - by Mark Brinkman All rights reserved Thesis Certification THESIS: FROM WORKING ARM TO WETBACK: THE MEXICAN WORKER AND AMERICAN NATIONAL IDENTITY, 1942-1964 AUTHOR: Mark Brinkman APPROVED: Martin Anderson, PhD Primary Reader Christian Dean, PhD Secondary Reader Abstract This thesis explores America’s treatment of the Mexican worker in the United States between 1942 and 1964, the years in which an international guest worker agreement between the United States and Mexico informally known as the Bracero Program was in place, and one in which heightened fears of illegal immigration resulted in Operation Wetback, one of the largest deportation programs in U.S.