Learning from Slum Upgrading and Participation
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Slum Upgrading Strategies and Their Effects on Health and Socio-Economic Outcomes
Ruth Turley Slum upgrading strategies and Ruhi Saith their effects on health and Nandita Bhan Eva Rehfuess socio-economic outcomes Ben Carter A systematic review August 2013 Systematic Urban development and health Review 13 About 3ie The International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie) is an international grant-making NGO promoting evidence-informed development policies and programmes. We are the global leader in funding, producing and synthesising high-quality evidence of what works, for whom, why and at what cost. We believe that better and policy-relevant evidence will make development more effective and improve people’s lives. 3ie systematic reviews 3ie systematic reviews appraise and synthesise the available high-quality evidence on the effectiveness of social and economic development interventions in low- and middle-income countries. These reviews follow scientifically recognised review methods, and are peer- reviewed and quality assured according to internationally accepted standards. 3ie is providing leadership in demonstrating rigorous and innovative review methodologies, such as using theory-based approaches suited to inform policy and programming in the dynamic contexts and challenges of low- and middle-income countries. About this review Slum upgrading strategies and their effects on health and socio-economic outcomes: a systematic review, was submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of SR2.3 issued under Systematic Review Window 2. This review is available on the 3ie website. 3ie is publishing this report as received from the authors; it has been formatted to 3ie style. This review has also been published in the Cochrane Collaboration Library and is available here. 3ie is publishing this final version as received. -
Villa Miseria Y Subjetividad En La Literatura Argentina Del Siglo XX Y XXI Maria Forcadell Washington University in St
Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) 1-1-2009 Representaciones e imaginarios sobre la pobreza: Villa miseria y subjetividad en la literatura argentina del siglo XX y XXI Maria Forcadell Washington University in St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd Part of the Latin American Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Forcadell, Maria, "Representaciones e imaginarios sobre la pobreza: Villa miseria y subjetividad en la literatura argentina del siglo XX y XXI" (2009). All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs). 113. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd/113 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS Department of Romance Languages and Literatures Dissertation Examination Committee: J. Andrew Brown, Chair Elzbieta Sklodowska, Co-Chair Akiko Tsuchiya William Acree Richard Walter Bret Gustafson REPRESENTACIONES E IMAGINARIOS SOBRE LA POBREZA: VILLA MISERIA Y SUBJETIVIDAD EN LA LITERATURA ARGENTINA DEL SIGLO XX Y XXI by María Soledad Forcadell A dissertation presented to the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2009 Saint Louis, Missouri Agradecimientos Quiero agradecer el gran aporte que recibí de mis profesores en el transcurso de la escritura de esta tesis. Mi más sincero agradecimiento a J. Andrew Brown, Elzbieta Sklodowska, Akiko Tsuchiya y María Fernanda Lander. -
Understanding the Nature, Effectiveness and Lessons of Civil
Towards Adherence to Human Rights and the Right to the City Africa – Latin America - Europe Understanding the Nature, Efficacy & Lessons of Civil Society Strategies for Influencing Policy Habitat International Coalition, 2020 Edition and coordination Álvaro Puertas Habitat International Coalition, General Secretariat (HIC GS) Chapter authors (in alphabetical order) David Hamou Observatori DESC. Drets Econòmics, Socials i Culturals (ODESC) Spain Francis E. Clay Habitat International Coalition, General Secretariat (HIC GS) Africa and Germany Hugo Felzines Association Internationale des Techniciens, Experts et Chercheurs (AITEC) France Magdalena Ferniza Habitat International Coalition Latin America regional office (HIC AL) Argentina, Mexico and Brazil Special acknowledgement to (in alphabetical order) Ana Pastor Asociación Civil Madre Tierra Argentina Enrique Ortiz Habitat International Coalition Latin America regional office (HIC AL) Mexico Evaniza Rodrígues União Nacional por Moradia Popular (UNMP) Brazil Magali Fricaudet Association Internationale des Techniciens, Experts et Chercheurs (AITEC) France Maria Silvia Emanuelli Habitat International Coalition Latin America regional office (HIC AL) Argentina, Mexico and Brazil Translation and proofreading (in alphabetical order) Álvaro Puertas Charlotte Lafitte Irene Fuertes Isabel Pascual Tara Katti Graphic Design and Layout Habitat International Coalition – General Secretariat Reproduction Rights Reproduction of articles in this book is both authorised and encouraged, provided the articles are not modified, that the original edition is cited and that Habitat International Coalition (HIC) is informed. The publication is available online on the HIC website under a Creative Commons license: CC BY NC ND (www.creativecommons.org). Illustrations Except when otherwise mentioned, all images and photographs in this publication belong to HIC and are under a Creative Commons (CC) license. -
DEMOLITION MOVIES: the URBAN POOR on the MARGINS of THEIR STORY Özgür Avcı Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Medya Ve Kültürel Çalışmalar
DEMOLITION MOVIES: THE URBAN POOR ON THE MARGINS OF THEIR STORY Özgür Avcı Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Medya ve Kültürel Çalışmalar Abstract This article analyzes how the popular cinema in Turkey, which showed a heightened interest in the gecekondu (slum or squatter house) problem in the late 1970s, tackled the question of representing the poor residents of these areas. The popular films – particularly the ones about the problem of demolition– denied a positive identity and agency to this group. The films positioned the squatters predominantly on the periphery of the narrative, although the gecekondu problem was at the center of the story. They appeared as a blurry crowd lurking behind or on the edges of the screen, unable to step in and be the leading actors of their own story. I argue that in the context of 1970s Turkey, the stereotypical image of the urban poor as a pragmatic or non-ideological (thus ambivalent, immature and unreliable) group was, at least in part, a constructed identity in which all the cultural elite contributed. This surprising collaboration between otherwise hostile ideological positions in constructing and reinforcing such an identity can be seen as a common reaction to the symbolic challenge that the squatters, as a new social formation falling outside or between traditional social categories, posed to all established frameworks of cultural production. Keywords: Urban poor, cultural representation, identity, gecekondu. Yıkım Filmleri: Kendi Hikâyelerinin Kıyısında Gecekondulular Öz Bu makale, 1970’lerin sonlarına doğru gecekondu problemine giderek artan bir ilgi gösteren popüler sinemanın, buralarda oturan yoksul halkın kültürel temsili meselesi ile nasıl başa çıkmaya çalıştığını inceler. -
Planning, Development and Community: Transformation of the Gecekondu Settlements in Turkey
Planning, Development and Community: Transformation of the Gecekondu Settlements in Turkey Burcu Şentürk PhD University of York Department of Politics October 2013 Abstract This thesis aims to investigate changes in gecekondu (slum house) communities through exploring the lives of three generations of rural migrants in Turkey. It suggests that the dynamic relation between their strategies and development policies in Turkey has had a large impact on the urban landscape, urban reforms, welfare policies and urban social movements. I followed qualitative research methodology, and was extensively influenced by feminist theory. Participant observation, in-depth interviews and focus group methods were used flexibly to reflect the richness of gecekondu lives. The data includes 83 interviews, one focus group and my observations in Ege neighbourhood in Ankara. First-generation rural migrants largely relied on kin and family networks and established gecekondu communities which provided them with shelter against the insecurities of urban life and their exclusion from the mainstream. The mutual trust within gecekondu communities was a result of their solidarity and collective struggle to obtain title deeds and infrastructure services. The liberalization of the Turkish economy immediately after the coup d’état in 1980 brought in Gecekondu Amnesties which legalized the gecekondus built before 1985 and fragmented labour market, resulting in a fragmentation among them in terms of gecekondu ownership, types of jobs and the scope of their resources. Since their interests were no longer the same in the face of development policies, their solidarity decreased and collective strategies were replaced by individual tactics. The dissolving of the sense of community was most visible in the area of urban transformation projects, which were based on legal ownership of houses and social assistance, and created new tensions in the 2000s. -
Villa Miseria Is the Argentinian Version of a Term That Has Numerous Local Equivalents
I knew the reality of Villas Miseria during the workshop “ABITAZONE08” organized by a free association named CONTROSPAZIOIWEB, the University of Reggio Calabria, and the FABU- UBA. Students and architects coming from different parts of Italy, Portugal, Spain and Argentina take part a the workshop in Buenos Aires in May 2008. The aim of the workshop was a project of a prototype of progressive housing Villa Miseria is the Argentinian version of a term that has numerous local equivalents: • Favela in Brazil, • Callampa in Chile, • Pueblo joven in Peru, • Katchi abadi in Pakistan, • Shanty town in Kenya, • Bidonville in Algeria, • Township in South Africa, The Villas Miseria ( or favelas, or shanty town….)are unplanned settlements. They appear as a result of the initiative of a group of citizens (normally from rural areas) who appropriate furtively and illegally an empty territory located on the periphery of a large city. All of them refer to the same phenomenon, the slum housing that surrounds the large metropolises of developing countries. The Villas Miseria sorround the city of Buenos Aires but there are aslo well defined “enclaves” inside the formal city - sometimes in the richer areas. PROXIMITY TO TOWN CENTER Pachacutec 30 km 9 km Lima Inhabitants: almost 8 Milion Buenos Aires Inhabitants: almost 15 Milion Gran B It the largest city of the State of Argentina, almost 20% of its population live in these areas. There are 21 Villas Miserias and most of them are either called or known by numbers as “Villa #1” or “Villa #21”. Until 1870 there was 33 “villas” belonged to Capital Federal, 99,143 inhabitants in all. -
Cinematic Representation of Gecekondu As an Urban Memory
CINEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF GECEKONDU AS AN URBAN MEMORY A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY VİLDAN SEÇKİNER INPARTIAL FULLFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CITY AND REGIONAL PLANNING IN URBAN DESIGN DECEMBER 2009 CINEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF GECEKONDU AS AN URBAN MEMORY submitted by VİLDAN SEÇKİNER in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in City and Regional Planning Department, Middle East Technical University by, Prof. Dr. Canan Özgen _____________________ Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Prof. Dr. Melih Ersoy _____________________ Head of Department, City and Regional Planning Assoc. Dr. Güven Arif Sargın _____________________ Supervisor, Architecture Dept., METU Examining Committee Members: Assoc. Dr. Serap Kayasü _____________________ City and Regional Planning Dept., METU Assoc. Dr. Güven Arif Sargın _____________________ Architecture Dept., METU Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adnan Barlas _____________________ City and Regional Planning Dept., METU Assoc. Dr. Baykan Günay _____________________ City and Regional Planning Dept., METU Assoc. Prof. Dr. Abdi Güzer _____________________ Architecture Dept., METU Date: 03.12.2009 ii I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name: Vildan Seçkiner Signature : iii ABSTRACT CINEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF GECEKONDU AS AN URBAN MEMORY Seçkiner, Vildan M.S., Department of City and Regional Planning, Urban Design Supervisor: Assoc. -
A Field Research on Gecekondu, Memory and Nostalgia
ŞENTEPE IN MEMORIES: A FIELD RESEARCH ON GECEKONDU, MEMORY AND NOSTALGIA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY GÖZDE ARIK IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN THE DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY NOVEMBER 2019 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Yaşar Kondakçı Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Prof. Dr. Ayşe Saktanber Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Assist. Prof. Dr. Besim Can Zırh Supervisor Examining Committee Members Assist. Prof. Dr. Göze Orhon (Hacettepe Uni., İLE) Assist. Prof. Dr. Besim Can Zırh (METU, SOC) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Şen (METU, SOC) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Gözde Arık Signature : iii ABSTRACT ŞENTEPE IN MEMORIES: A FIELD RESEARCH ON GECEKONDU, MEMORY AND NOSTALGIA Arık, Gözde MS., The Department of Social Anthropology Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Besim Can Zırh November 2019, 185 pages Gecekondu is one of the most frequently researched and much-debated phenomenona by the academia in Turkey. -
How People Face Evictions
Edited by Yves Cabannes, Silvia Guimarães Yafai and Cassidy Johnson HOW PEOPLE FACE EVICTIONS ● Mirshāq and sarandū ● durban ● Karachi ● istanbul ● hangzhou ● santo doMingo ● Porto alegre ● buenos aires ● development planning b s h f unit Institutional partnership DEVELOPMENT PLANNING UNIT, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON (DPU/UCL) 34 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ, United Kingdom www.ucl.ac.uk/dpu BUILDING AND SOCIAL HOUSING FOUNDATION (BSHF) Memorial Square, Coalville, Leicestershire, LE67 3TU, United Kingdom www.bshf.org Research coordination and editing team Research Coordinator: Prof. Yves Cabannes, Chair of Development Planning, DPU/UCL [email protected] Silvia Guimarães Yafai, Head of International Programmes, BSHF [email protected] Cassidy Johnson, Lecturer, MSc Building and Urban Design in Development, DPU/UCL [email protected] Local research teams The names of the individual authors and members of the local research teams are indicated on the front of each of the cases included in the report. Translation English to Spanish: Isabel Aguirre Millet Spanish and Portuguese to English: Richard Huber Arabic to English: Rabie Wahba and Mandy Fahmi Graphics and layout Janset Shawash, PhD candidate, Development Planning Unit, DPU/UCL [email protected] Extracts from the text of this publication may be reproduced without further permission provided that the source is fully acknowledged. Published May 2010 © Development Planning Unit/ University College London 2010 ISBN: 978-1-901742-14-5 Cover image © Abahlali baseMjondolo CONTENTS 1 Acknowledgements 3 Introduction 7 Putting the cases in perspective Yves Cabannes Cases from Africa and the Middle East 18 Mirshāq, Dakhaliyah governorate and Sarandū, Buheira governorate, Egypt 21 1. -
Housing Development: Housing Policy, Slums, and Squatter Settlements in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil and Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1948-1973
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: HOUSING DEVELOPMENT: HOUSING POLICY, SLUMS, AND SQUATTER SETTLEMENTS IN RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL AND BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA, 1948-1973 Leandro Daniel Benmergui, Doctor of Philosophy, 2012 Dissertation directed by: Professor Daryle Williams Department of History University of Maryland This dissertation explores the role of low-income housing in the development of two major Latin American societies that underwent demographic explosion, rural-to- urban migration, and growing urban poverty in the postwar era. The central argument treats popular housing as a constitutive element of urban development, interamerican relations, and citizenship, interrogating the historical processes through which the modern Latin American city became a built environment of contrasts. I argue that local and national governments, social scientists, and technical elites of the postwar Americas sought to modernize Latin American societies by deepening the mechanisms for capitalist accumulation and by creating built environments designed to generate modern sociabilities and behaviors. Elite discourse and policy understood the urban home to be owner-occupied and built with a rationalized domestic layout. The modern home for the poor would rely upon a functioning local government capable of guaranteeing a reliable supply of electricity and clean water, as well as sewage and trash removal. Rational transportation planning would allow the city resident access between the home and workplaces, schools, medical centers, and police posts. As interamerican Cold War relations intensified in response to the Cuban Revolution, policymakers, urban scholars, planners, defined in transnational encounters an acute ―housing problem,‖ a term that condensed the myriad aspects involved in urban dwellings for low-income populations. -
Slum Areas of Southeast Asia: the Case of Manila, Philippines
Araştırma Makalesi - Research Article Türk Coğrafya Dergisi 77 (2021) 171-182 Türk Coğrafya Dergisi Turkish Geographical Review www.tcd.org.tr Basılı ISSN 1302-5856 Elektronik ISSN 1308-9773 Slum areas of Southeast Asia: The case of Manila, Philippines Güneydoğu Asya’nın sefalet mahalleleri: Manila örneği, Filipinler Adem Yulu *a a Iğdır University, Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Geography, Iğdır, Turkey. ORCID: A.Y. 0000-0001-8037-259X BİLGİ / INFO ÖZ / ABSTRACT Geliş/Received: 20.09.2020 Manila is a former colonial capital where people live together by working in informal trading busi- Kabul/Accepted: 17.06.2021 nesses within a quite unfavourable ambience. Manila, which is the focus of the country’s political, economic, and cultural life, has recently grown spatially and demographically, especially with new Anahtar Kelimeler: migrations from different parts of the country. The lands in Manila, which were once vacant, are Slum today largely filled with different urban areas. At the beginning they were slums which were used for Manila housing and informal commerce. These areas, classified as unfavourable and unhealthy for human Filipinler settlement, emerged with the support of certain political and economic forces using administrati- Kentsel dönüşüm projeleri ve gaps. The government of the Philippines is also incapable of dealing with uncontrollable urban problems. This paper focuses on slum areas in Manila, which are located in one of the main metro- Keywords: polises of Southeast Asia. Its purpose is, therefore, to reveal the occurrence of slum districts and the Slum dynamics effecting in their recent demolition. During the study, an ethnographic method which was Manila predominantly based on observation was used. -
Centro De Investigación Y Docencia Económicas, A.C. Residir Y Resistir: Fundamentos Normativos Para La Legitimación De Asenta
CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y DOCENCIA ECONÓMICAS, A.C. RESIDIR Y RESISTIR: FUNDAMENTOS NORMATIVOS PARA LA LEGITIMACIÓN DE ASENTAMIENTOS HUMANOS IRREGULARES EN SOCIEDADES DESIGUALES TESINA QUE PARA OBTENER EL TÍTULO DE LICENCIADA EN CIENCIA POLÍTICA Y RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES PRESENTA SALMA SEMIRAMIS SAENZ LAZCANO DIRECTOR DE LA TESINA: DR. PABLO KALMANOVITZ GONZÁLEZ CIUDAD DE MÉXICO DICIEMBRE, 2018 Resumen Los asentamientos humanos irregulares son una constante en sociedades urbanas desiguales. La literatura sobre el tema ha descrito con precisión cuáles son las consecuencias negativas de los asentamientos humanos irregulares en las sociedades. Estas, van desde que los asentamientos minan la obediencia a la ley y el respeto de los derechos de propiedad; que fomentan el crecimiento desordenado de las ciudades; que causan una severa degradación ecológica; entre otras. No obstante, la mayoría de los textos sobre asentamientos precarios han pasado por alto el contexto de desigualdad estructural y los factores que orillaron a las personas a establecerse en esas zonas. En algunos escenarios, los asentamientos precarios son la única manera en que las personas pueden ofrecer a sus familias un techo: un logro en la lucha diaria por salir de la pobreza. Esta tesina sostiene que en sociedades altamente desiguales los asentamientos humanos irregulares son legítimos. Lo que aquí propongo es entender el proceso de autoconstrucción de la vivienda en zonas irregulares como una forma de resistencia legítima a un orden legal y socioeconómico injusto. Argumento, a partir de los postulados de Iris M. Young, que los asentamientos informales son una forma de acción política emancipadora: una lucha por la inclusión y el reconocimiento en un contexto de exclusión estructural.