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Factors for ·Forestry

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Factors for ·Forestry ..±nt.?:~ci.t;,S ....... b.J. ............. ._ 2 ~a. New Zealand Forest Service Metric Conversion Tables and Factors for ·Forestry think metric New Zealand Forest Service Information Series No. 61 Metric Conversion Tables and Factors for Forestry New Zealand Forest Service Wellington 1972 New Zealand Forest Service Information Series No. 61 First published 1972 A. P. Thomson, Director-General of Forests Acknowledgment is made to the Forestry Commission of Great Britain for permission to use material from the publication Metric Conversion Tables and Factors in Forestry, Forestry Com­ mission Booklet No. 30, 1971, published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London. CONTENTS Introduction The International System of Units (S1) DETAILED CONVERSION TABLES LENGTH Table 1 Millimetres to inches 2 Inches and decimal parts of an inch to millimetres 3 Inches and fractions of an inch to millimetres 4 Metres to feet 5 Feet and inches to metres 6 Metres to yards 7 Yards to metres 8 Metres to chains 9 Chains to metres 10 Kilometres to miles 11 Miles to kilometres AREA Table 16 Square metres to square feet 17 Square feet to square metres 18 Square metres to square yards 19 Square yards to square metres 20 Hectares to acres 21 Acres to hectares 22 Square kilometres to square miles 23 Square miles to square kilometres 24 Square metres per hectare to square feet per acre 25 Square feet per acre to square metres per hectare VOLUME Table 31 Cubic metres to cubic feet 32 Cubic feet to cubic metres 33 Cubic metres to cubic yards 34 Cubic yards to cubic metres 35 Cubic metres per hectare to cubic feet per acre 36 Cubic feet per acre to cubic metres per hectare 2. CAPACITY Table 46 Litres to gallons 47 Gallons to litres 48 Litres per hectare to gallons per acre 49 Gallons per acre to litres per hectare MASS (WEIGHT) Table 57 Grammes to ounces 58 Ounces to grammes 59 Kilogrammes to pounds 60 Pounds to kilogrammes 61 Tonnes to tons 62 Hundredweight and quarters to decimal parts of a ton 63 Tons to tonnes 64 Hundredweights to tonnes 65 Quarters to tonnes 66 ~ilogrammes per hectare: Grammes per square yard ounces per square yard: pounds pei acre: hundredweights per acre 67 Grammes per litre: grammes per gallon: ounces per gallon: pounds per gallon MISCELLANEOUS TABLE 75 Basal area tables 76 Spacing tables 77 Stems per hectare to stems per acre 78 Stems per acre to stems per hectare ALPHABETICAL INDEX AND CONVERSION FACTORS INTRODUCTION This booklet contains conversion factors and tables, imperial to metric and vice versa, for the units of measurement used in forestry operations. Conversions for the common units are given in tabular form, whilst for those less frequently used conversion factors only are quoted. Within most of the tables the value of the units to be converted runs from 1 to 9 or from 1 to 99, with an interval of 1. By adjustment of the decimal point values outside these units may be obtained, e.g. 97m = 106.08yd; 970m = 1060.Syd; 9700m = 10608yd. If greater precision than that given by the tables is required the value to be converted should be multiplied by the appropriate factor. The decimal system of units evolved in Europe over a period of many years. In 1960 the General Conference of Weights and Measures adopted the Systeme International d' Unites (S,I,), which has as its base the units of metre, kilogramme, second, ampere, kelvin, and candela, which are used for length, mass, timet electric current, temperature, and luminous intensity respectively. In add.i tion to these there are "derived" units such as square metre, cubic metre, tonne, etc. Decimal multiples and sub-multiples of these bas~ units are formed by means of the prefixes listed on the page prior to the tables proper. The proper symbols and abbreviations are given for each unit in the alphebetical index and are repeated within the tables. During the changeover to metric units litre and tonne are to be written in full. THE INTER~ITATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS (SI) Prefixes denoting decimal multiples and sub-multiples Prefix Symbol JVJul tiplica tion factor tera T 1012 1 OOO OOO OOO OOO giga G 109 1 OOO OOO OOO mega Fr 106 1 OOO OOO kilo k 103 1 OOO hecto h 102 100 deca da 101 10 1 1 deci d 10-l 0.1 centi c lo-2 0.01 mill_i IQ lo-3 0.001 micro ]! lo-6 o.ooo 001 nano n lo-9 0.000 OOO 001 pico E lo-12 0.000 OOO OOO 001 fem to i lo-15 0.000 OOO OOO OOO 001 at to .§ 10-18 0.000 OOO OOO OOO OOO 001 JV!ultiples and sub-multiples which are recommended for common use are underlined. Only one multiplying prefix is applied at one time to a given unit. Thus one thousandth of a millimetre is not referred to as 1 milli millimetre but as 1 micrometre. Similarly one thousand kilowatts is referred to as one megawatt, not as one kilo kilowatt. There should be no space between the prefix and the name of the unit which it qualifies; no hyphen should be used e.g. mm (millimetre). Similarly there should be no space between symbols for the prefix and the unit kg (kilogramme). The following conventions apply to the use of the metric system:- Decimal Point. The decimal point should be shown as a dot on the line. The point opposite the middle of the figure is acceptable but is not preferred. Thousand Marker. As the comma is in general use in most metric countries for the decimal point its use as a thousand marker is not allowed. Instead the digits should be placed in groups of three separated by a space. When only four digits used the space should not be used except when it is required to line up with other matter. Spacing. A space is to be left between numerals and metric symbols and names e.g. 47.7 kg not 47.?kg. Plurals. Unabbreviated metric units are written in the plural when appropriate. An abbreviation is always in the singular. e.g. 30 kilometres but 30 km Punctuation. The f 1.ill stop should not be used after a metric abbreviation except at the end of a sentence. e.g. The area measured 37.5m x 42.6m. Length SECTION 1. LENGTH Table 1. Millimetres to inches Conversion factor: 1 mm = 0·039 370 1 in mm 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 in 0 0·00 0·04 0·08 0·12 0·16 0·20 0·24 0·28 0·31 0·35 10 0·39 0·43 0·47 0·51 0·55 0·59 0·63 0·67 0·71 0·75 20 0·79 0·83 0·87 0·91 0·94 0·98 1·02 1 ·06 1 ·10 1·14 30 1 ·18 1 ·22 1·26 1·30 1 ·34 1·38 1·42 1 ·46 1 ·50 1·54 40 1 ·57 1 ·61 1 ·65 1·69 1 ·73 1·77 1 ·81 1·85 1 ·89 1·93 50 1·97 2·01 2·05 2·09 2·13 2·17 2·20 2·24 2·28 2·32 60 2·36 2·40 2·44 2·48 2·52 2·56 2·60 2·64 2·68 2·72 70 2·76 2·80 2·83 2·87 2·91 2·95 2·99 3·03 3·07 3·11 80 3·15 3·19 3·23 3·27 3·31 3·35 3·39 3·43 3·46 3·50 90 3·54 3·58 3·62 3·66 3·70 3·74 3·78 3·82 3·86 3·90 100 3·94 3·98 4·02 4·06 4·09 4·13 4·17 4·21 4·25 4·29 110 4·33 4·37 4·41 4·45 4·49 4·53 4·57 4·61 4·65 4·69 120 4·72 4·76 4·80 4·84 4·88 4·92 4·96 5·00 5·04 5·08 130 5·12 5·16 5·20 5·24 5·28 5·31 5·35 5·39 5·43 5·47 140 5·51 5·55 5·59 5·63 5·67 5·71 5·75 5·79 5·83 5·87 150 5·91 5·94 5·98 6·02 6·06 6·10 6·14 6·18 6·22 6·26 160 6·30 6·34 6·38 6·42 6·46 6-50 6·54 6·57 6·61 6·65 170 6·69 6·73 6·77 6·81 6·85 6·89 6·93 6·97 7·01 7·05 180 7·09 7·13 7·17 7·20 7·24 7·28 7·32 7·36 7·40 7·44 190 7·48 7·52 7·56 7·60 7·64 7·68 7·72 7·76 7·80 7·83 200 7·87 7·91 7·95 7·99 8·03 8·07 8·11 8·15 8· 19 8·23 210 8·27 8·31 8·35 8·39 8·43 8·46 8·50 8·54 8·58 8·62 220 8·66 8·70 8·74 8·78 8·82 8·86 8·90 8·94 8·98 9·02 230 9·06 9·09 9·13 9·17 9·21 9·25 9·29 9·33 9·37 9·41 240 9·45 9·49 9·53 9·57 9·61 9·65 9·69 9·72 9·76 9·80 mm 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 in 0 0·00 0·39 0·79 1 ·18 1 ·57 1·97 2·36 2·76 3·15 3·54 100 3·94 4·33 4·72 5·12 5·51 5·91 6·30 6·69 7·09 7·48 200 7·87 8·27 8·66 9·06 9·45 9·84 10·24 10·63 J 1·02 11 300 11 ·81 12·20 12·60 12·99 13·39 13·78 14·17 14·57 14·96 15·35 400 15·75 16·14 16·54 16·93 17·32 17·72 18·11 18·50 18·90 19·29 500 19·69 20·08 20·47 20·87 21·26 21·65 22·05 22·44 22·83 23·23 600 23·62 24·02 24·41 24·80 25·20 25·59 25·98 26·38 26·77 27·17 700 27·56 27·95 28·35 28·74 29·13 29·53 29·92 30·31 30·71 31 ·10 800 31 ·50 31 ·89 32·28 32·68 33·07 33·46 33·86 34·25 34·65 35·04 900 35·43 35·83 36·22 36·61 37·01 37·40 37·80 38·19 38·58 38·98 Centimetres to inches.
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