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Das GMES-Weltraumsegment & Relevante Earth Explorer Missionen

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Das GMES-Weltraumsegment & Relevante Earth Explorer Missionen Das GMES-Weltraumsegment & relevante Earth Explorer Missionen A. Ginati, ESA © ESA 2003 DLR & DWD Nationaler Nutzerworkshop “Operationelle Satellitensysteme der Erdüberwachung” 7-9 November 2005, Walberberg Table of Content ¾ESAESA’’ss LiLivingving PlanetPlanet PrograProgrammemme ¾GMESGMES ¾EarthEarth Watch/EUMETSATWatch/EUMETSAT ¾EarthEarth ObservationObservation EnvelopeEnvelope ProgrammeProgramme Living Planet Programme • ESA dual-mission approach: –Earth Explorermissions, research oriented, also demonstration of techniques • Core and Opportunity Missions • Cooperation with JAXA, NASA etc – Implemented in Earth Observation Envelope Programme: • End-to-end implementation of Earth Explorer missions and preparation Earth Watch missions • 5 year slices, current EOEP-2, EOEP-3 proposed – Earth Watch missions, operational service oriented, implemented with partners • EUMETSAT, GEO and LEO operational meteorological missions • GMES Missions for the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security with the EC, EUMETSAT, MS others – Implemented in Dedicated EUMETSAT/GMES programmes: • Coordinate/parallel with programmes of partners (EUMETSAT, EC,MS) which cover also operational phase GMES European independence in critical data sources for environmental monitoring & security European contribution to the Global EO System of Systems (GEOSS) Established in 1998, gained political momentum 2001 ( GMES Service Element has been approved, MC Nov. 2001) • Initially, GMES investments focused on service developments • 100 Meuro by ESA, 100 Meuro by EC, plus MS projects (funded by CNES, DLR etc.) • Large number GMES user organisations across Europe Space segment preparation by ESA in 2004 • GMES system architecture, Phase A of GMES space missions EU declared GMES the next flagship for Europe in space, after Galileo GMES Service Element – initial services Coastal Real-time Ocean Ice Monitoring Northern View Risk fire & flood Forest Monitoring Soil & Water Land Motion Risks Urban Services Humanitarian Aid Food Security Atmosphere The overall GMES Space Component Gap analysis leads to 7 types of instruments 10-30 m SAR for interferometry, ocean, ice, land applications 0.5-10 m SAR for detailed land mapping 10-30 m multispectral instruments for land mapping 0.5-10 m optical instrument for detailed land mapping 100-1000 m wide-swath thermal infrared instruments for sea surface and land temperature measurements 100-1000 m wide-swath multi-spectral instruments for ocean colour and global land monitoring radar altimeters for ocean current measurements at high inclination orbit radar altimeters for ocean current measurements at low inclination orbit radar scatterometers for sea surface wind speed and direction atmospheric chemistry instruments for trace gas composition, pollution and climate change monitoring (leo and geo) 100-500 m infrared instruments for fire monitoring GMES – Space component 1. SAR imaging All weather, day/night applications, interferometry 2. Superspectral imaging, vegetation. forestry, security 3. Ocean monitoring Wide-swath ocean color and surface temperature sensors, altimeter 4. GEO- atmospheric composition monitoring, trans-boundary pollution 5. LEO- atmospheric composition monitoring IR-element, 3-band sensor for hot spot detection GMES : Sentinels and IR-element GPS Antenna S-Band TMA Antenna Star Instrument Tracker X-Band Antenna Sentinel –1 Sentinel –2 Sentinel –3 C-band SAR, wide swath, Multi-spectral imaging, Multi-spectral imaging medium resolution 8 bands 443 - 1 375 nm, VNIR-SWIR-TIR, 250–1000 m 10-30 m res. res, Altimeter, Sentinel –4 Sentinel –5 IR-element Atmospheric composition Atmospheric composition 3-band sensor for monitoring from GEO monitoring from LEO enhanced fire monitoring and detection Sentinel-1 requirements User Requirements are derived from GMES Services. Three services have reached a level of maturity such that firm information requirements can be established. Others will follow. – Monitoring the European Marine Environment – Monitoring the Arctic Environment and Sea-Ice Zones – Monitoring and Assessing Land Surface-Motion Risks across Europe Sentinel-1 Concept • Alternative satellite configurations under consideration •C band SAR Main modes are: – Stripmap 5 m swath 80 km – Scan SAR Interferometric wide swath 20X 5 m swath 240 km – Scan SAR Extra wideswath 80X25 m swath 400 km –Wave mode • S/C: ~2500 kg and 5 KW • Instrument duty cycle 15-20 min per orbit • Downlink data rate ~ 550 Mb/s. The definition study is being performed by EADS Astrium UK and subcontractors Sentinel-2 requirements • User requirements: from ESA GMES Service Elements, Forest, Soil/Aqua-SAGE, GUS (Urban Services), Risk-EOS, DUP Kyoto Inventory, Globwetland, and EC Geoland Project •Translated intomission/system requirements: – Coverage: global land (EU+worldwide), except polar caps – Spatial sampling distance (SSD): 10 m (goal) - 30 m (threshold) – Revisit time: 7 days to guarantee “seasonal” cloud-free product – Spectral bands: 3 sets of bands defined to allow room for trade-off at mission level • Minimum set of bands: 6 broad bands (Landsat-5 TM) •Nominalset of bands: 8 bands (LDCM), including 6 broad bands similar to Landsat-5 TM (band position and width optimised to minimise sensitivity to atmospheric water vapour) & two narrow bands at 443 nm (aerosol correction) and 1375 nm (cirrus cloud contamination detection and correction) •Extendedset of bands: 18 narrow bands encompassing LDCM spectral bands, with better sensitivity to bio-geophysical parameters & additional bands in the red edge (vegetation health) and SWIR (plant water content, vegetation structure, live/dead vegetation/soil discrimination) •Optionalpanchromatic channel at 5 m SSD (goal) Sentinel-2: Concepts Optical multi-spectral wide swath, medium resolution for mainly land applications. - to provide continuity to services developed with SPOT-5 and Landsat data. - Complementary to OLI / LDCM possibly on NPOESS C1/C4 - Building on studies on super- hyper- spectral missions Proposed sensor concept included: 10 bands in the VNIR and 2 bands in the SWIR Wide swath 320 km (700 km, SSO), 20 m spatial resolution The estimates for resources were 135 kg, 120 W and 800 Mbps GPS Antenna S-Band TMA Antenna Star Instrument Tracker X-Band Antenna The Definition Study aims for tuning of requirements and for the identification of efficient system concepts. Work performed by EADS Astrium and subcontractors. Contract started in early September. Sentinel-3: Requirements • User requirements from ESA GMES Service Elements: ROSES (ocean), Coastwatch (coastal zones) and GMFS (Food Security), Risk-EOS, and EC Geoland and Mersea Projects, and are consistent with Eumetsat (strawman missions Ocean Imaging / Ocean Topography) •Translated intomission/system requirements: – Coverage: global open ocean and land areas (except polar caps), coastal waters of Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, and the North Atlantic – Spatial sampling distance at SSP: 1 km (open ocean) - 250 m (coastal zones/land) – Revisit time: 1-3 days – Spectral bands: 21 spectral channels in VNIR/SWIR/TIR providing continuity to MERIS, Vegetation and AATSR – Radar altimeter with 3 cm RMS range noise level • With the support of encompassing studies involving numerous related operational, research and technical organisations Sentinel-3: Concepts Altimeter, high resolution ALT Doppler, no interferometry ACT 800 Km, SSO, 06:00 – 18:00 600 kg, 700 W, 20 Gb Implementation of optical and altimeter elements on separate satellites Optical sensor: OC, SST by Visible Infrared Imager (VIRI), ocean /land colour, sea /land surface temp., or separated optical sensors 800 Km, SSO, 00:00– 12:00 830 kg, 950W, 150 Gb The Definition Study aims for tuning of requirements and for the identification of efficient system concepts. Work performed by AAS and subcontractors. Contract started in early September. Preliminary considerations: Sentinels 4 and 5 Area Mission Characteristics Sentinels Ozone and Complement MetOp and NPOESS with limb- S-5 UV sounders operating in the MIR or mw range, radiation possibly UV-VIS (ACECHEM concept shown) Air Quality Frequent temporal coverage, 2 h (0.5 h goal), S-4 candidate for GEO, 50 km ( 5 km goal) UV-VIS: 290 – 310; 310 – 400; 400 – 600; 750 – (example 780; SWIR: 2310 – 2390; MIR: 2100 – 2200 cm-1, desired, TIR: 800 – 1200 cm-1, desired MTG) Climate CH4, CO and aerosol measurements, preferably S-5 with sensitivity to planetary boundary layer (Sciamachy, IASI, Mopitt heritage) The user requirements call for two elements: Sentinel-4 in GEO and Sentinel-5 in LEO Being studied in coordination with EUMETSAT MTG and Post-EPS Sentinels 4 & 5 : CAPACITY study to define user requirements Pre-phase A industrial studies 4th Q. 2005 Relations EUMETSAT and GMES missions • Sentinel–3 – Related to Post-EPS Ocean Imaging and Ocean Topography Strawman Missions • Sentinel-4 – Related to MTG UVS (and IRS) mission • Sentinel-5 – Related to Post-EPS Atmospheric Chemistry Mission Strawman Mission – Current Sentinel-5 concept assumes tandem flight with MetOp for coincidence of limb sounding m-wave and / or IR observations with MetOp’s GOME-2 and IASI – also UV-VNIR-SWIR nadir looking “SCIAMACHY-follow-on” • Sentinel-4, 5 concept under refinement: GEO or multi-LEO • ESA – EUMETSAT staff coordinating definition of EUMETSAT and GMES missions supported respectively by EUMETSAT Application Expert Groups and GMES User Groups GMES Space Component - Implementation Approach GMES Space Component 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
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