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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89875-1 - A Cultural History of the Atlantic World, 1250–1820 John K. Thornton Index More information

Index

Abipones, 274, 305, 360 Alboawinneys, 289 Abreu Galindo, 161 Albuquerque, Jerónimo de, 221, 294 Abscal y Sousa, José Fernando de, 512, 518 Alcaçova, Treaty of, 26 Abson, Lionel, 93 Alcalá, Jeronimo de, 150 Acala, 169 aldeias, 219, 232, 300, 360 Acalan, 169 Alfinger, Ambrosius, 175, 176 Acapulco, 202 Algonquin language, 123 Acaxees, 268 Algonquians, 121, 232, 309, 331, 365, 444, Achagua, 293 472 Acuña, Christoval de, 129, 362 Allada, 80, 92, 93, 242, 395, 418 Adair, James, 146 Allouez Claude, 385 Adandozan, King of Dahomey, 94 Almagro, Diego de, 171, 173 Adansi, 75 Almagro, Diego the Younger, 173 Admirable Campaign, 520 Almeyda, Pedro de, 337 Admiral Coligny, 52 Altham, Emmanuel, 122 Adolphus, Gustavus, 56 Álvares, Diogo, 218 Afonso, Estevão, 20 Álvares, Gaspar, 210 Afonso, King of Kongo, 413 Álvares da Cunha, António, 254 Afonso, Pedro, 223 Álvares de Almada, Manuel, 252 Afonso de Sousa, Martim, 216 Álvaro I, King of Kongo, 183 Afonso V, King of Kongo, 97, 494 Álvaro XII, King of Kongo, 97 African music, 386, 390 Amaupiras, 110 African nations, 333 Amazon, 302, 333 Agaja, King of Dahomey, 80, 81 Amazon River, 53, 110, 121, 126, 129, 130, Agaja, Kingdom of, 92 346 Agongolo, King of Dahomey, 93 American Bottom, 140 Aguado, Pedro de, 175, 177 Amina, 72, 75 Aimoré, 109, 110, 218 Amish, 319, 353, 404 Ainavillo, 272 Amistad, 73 Ajose, 187 Amprés, Juan de, 175 Akan, 240 Anabaptism, 404 Akkim, 75 Anabaptist movement, 403 Akwamu, 76, 95 Anabaptists, 450 Akyem, 95 Anáhuac, 502 Alarcón, Hernando Ruiz de, 426 Ananazes, 224 Albany, 321 Andagoya, Pascual de, 135 Fort Orange, 55 André, Louys, 385

525

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89875-1 - A Cultural History of the Atlantic World, 1250–1820 John K. Thornton Index More information

526 Index

Anglo-American Folk Ballad, 374 Aztecs, 26, 136, 147, 167, 358, 420, 422, 424, Angola, 49, 56, 60, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 85, 88, 503 92, 182, 209, 220, 239, 248, 252, 328, 337, 388, 390, 417, 457 Bach, Johann Sebastian, 369 Angola Janga (Palmares), 297 Baco, Captain, 106 Angolan Wave, 336, 457 Bahamas, 205, 483 Angostura, 522 Bahia, 56, 110, 216, 218, 239, 294, 304, 370, Antarctic France, 52, 216 393, 500 Antigua, 238, 334, 338 Bajío, 503, 506 Apache, 269, 270, 271, 272 Balacar, 291 apparitions, 399 Bambuhu, 255 Aragon Banda Oriental, 502, 516 king of, 17 bandeirantes, 224, 226 Aramaya, 292 Baptist movement, 450 Araucanian, 274 Baptists, 462 Arawakian language, 121, 126, 127 Barbados, 59, 61, 236, 238, 242, 247, 341, Arawaks, 234, 292 460 Areche, José Antonio de, 485 Barbinais, Le Gentil de la, 222, 353, 370, 390 Argentina, 61, 274 Barboza, Felipe Benício, 371 Argollo Menezes, Joseph de, 225 Baroque, 369, 381, 388 Arguim, 20 Barreira, Baltasar, 387 Arguin, 58, 254 Barro, Rouloux, 134 arimo, 210 Barros, João de, 216 Arkansas nation, 144 Barry, Boubacar, 83 army, English, 465 Bartira, 216 army, French, 465, 466 Bartram, William, 379 Army for the Restoration of the Indians of Bassar, iron production, 68 Peru, 513 Batran, William, 332 Army of the North, 513, 514 Baucke, Florian, 361 Arndt, Johann, 449 Bawol, 84 Aro, 98 Bayano, 285 Arosca, 131 Beatriz Kimpa Vita, 416 Arriaga, Antonio, 485 Belém, 300 Arribab, 113 Belfort, Lourenço, 300, 301 Artaguaye, Miguel, 440 Belgrano, Manuel, 515 Arthur, King, 16 Belize, 291, 499 Artigas, Jose Gervasio, 516, 517 Bemoim, 182 Aruacania, 119 Benalcázar, Sebastián de, 171, 177 Aruba, 323 Benavides, Vicente, 519 Aruwã, 302 Bence Island, 257 Asante, 76, 96 Bengo River, 253 Asbury, Francis, 451 Benguela, 63, 77, 185, 254 ashion, 353 Benin, 24, 99, 183, 213, 254 Asunción, 132, 179, 209, 305, 306, 326 Benin, Kingdom of, 64, 77, 99 Atahualpa, Inca, 151, 170 Bénin, modern, 64, 76 atheism, 448 Benzoni, Girolamo, 277 Atkins, John, 354 Bequia, 280 Atlantic Currents, 14 Berbeo, Juan Francisco, 484 Atlantic histgory, 1–2 Berme, Peter, 260 Augustinians, 421 Bermuda, 55, 237 Avila Pereira, Garcia d’, 304 Berrio, Antonio de, 292 Avilés, Pedro Menéndes de, 378, 380 Bertioga, 113 Azambuja, Diogo de, 24 Bettancourt, Jean de, 25, 162 Azores, 9, 14, 18, 19, 46, 60, 213 Betzanos, Juan de, 151

Index 527

Beziguich, 21 Buffon, Georges Louis, Comte de, 470 Bible, 400, 401 Buisson, Captain, 106 Bijagos Islands, 66 Bulongo, 418 Biloxi, 308 Burgoyne, John, 477 Biobio River, 119, 273 Burgundy, 37, 43, 45, 50 Bissau, 252 Buritaca, 176 Black Caribs (Garifuna), 280 Black Carolina Corps, 483 Ca’ Masser, Lunardo da, 46 Black Legend, 192, 196 Cabeza de Vaca, Alvar Núñez, 132, 133, 179, Black-on-Orange, 347 332 Blandengues, 516 cabildo (town council), 201, 206 Bloomaert, Samuel, 57 Cabinda, 63, 255 Bobadilla, Francisco de, 190 Cabral, Pedro Álvares, 27, 215 Boccacio, Giovanni, 18 Cacheu, 252 Bogaert, Harmen Meydertsz van den, 115 cacique, 186, 191 Bogotá, 136, 178, 291, 483 Cádiz, 501 Bois Caïman, 492 Cadornega, António de Oliveira, 329 bolas, 179 Caeté, 217 Bolívar, Simón, 519, 520, 522 Cahokia, 140, 141, 143, 307, 318 Bonaparte, Joseph, 500 Cainguangues, 360 Bonda, 176 Caiquetía, 175 Bondiga, 176 Cajamarca, 154, 202 Boniatá, 301 Cakchiquel, 168 Bonny, 249 Calabar, 238, 242, 338, 351, 419 Borah, Woodrow, 192 Calarapari, 301 Borbo Gato, Manuel de, 226 calenda, 395 Bordinais, Le Gentil de la, 335 California, 383 Boriquen, 165 Calleja, Felix Maria, 508 Bostock, Robert, 260 Callejon, 510 Boston, 372, 450, 473, 475 calpulli, 149 Botogá, 178 calunda, 395 Bourbon Reforms, 469, 484, 501, 504, 506, Calvin, Jean, 401, 403 510 Calvinists, 50, 51, 236, 402, 409, 450, 460 Boutin, Pierre, 161 Camarão, António Felipe, 224, 226, 295 Boves, Tomás, 520 Camarão, Felipe, 326 Boyacá, Battle, 522 Camarapin, 294 Brainerd, David, 453 Camargo, Diego Muñoz, 169 Brainerd, John, 455 Camargo, José Vicente, 514 Brandenburg, 58 Cambambe, 418 Brandenburg Company, 240 Cambebe, 302 Brasseur, Joseph Alexandre le, 256 Cameroon, 62 Braudel, Fernand, 353 Camire, 132 Brazil, 13, 27, 46, 49, 53, 56, 61, 63, 103, 109, Canabó, 165 110, 213, 214, 274, 294, 326, 353 Canada, 103, 231, 473 Brébeuf, Jean de, 115, 116, 118, 385, 445 Cañari, 171, 172, 174, 204 Bressani, Giuseppe, 379 Canarian (people), 161, 163, 188 Breton, Raymond, 105 Canary current, 11, 19 Brie, 90 Canary Islands, 7, 15, 18, 25, 26, 161, 187, Brotherhood of the Coast, 282 213, 410 buccaneer ships, 282 Canbunda, 86 buccaneers, 277 Candelaria, Our Lady of, 411 budgets, 468 Candiliero, 288 Buena Esperanza, 179 Candioti, Francisco, 362, 516 Buenos Aires, 179, 362, 384, 500, 502, 512 Canek, Jacinto, 429

528 Index

Canindé, 134 Cerda, Luis de, 25 Cantares mexicanos, 376 Chacabuco, 518 Cão, Diogo, 24, 25 Chaco, 360 Caonabó, 165 Champlain, Samuel de, 103, 114, 378, 380 Cap François, 489 Chanca, Dr., 106, 152 Capawack, 123 Chantran, Girod de, 246 Cape Gracias a Dios, 108, 289, 290 Chantrans, Justin Girod de, 491 Cape Nao, 19 Chapala, 252 Cape Town, 77 Charles II, King of England, 468 Cape Verde Islands, 60, 213, 248, 250 Charles V, 43 Cape Verde peninsula, 21 Charles V, Emperor, 202 Capuchin priest, 304 Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 42, 47, 50 Capuchins, 293, 388, 415 Charleston, 145, 310, 478 Caquetos, 126, 127, 323 Charlevoix, Pierre François Xavier de, 331 Caracas, 502 Charrua, 179 Caramuru, 218 Charters, 48 Cardim, Fernão, 326, 436 Chatoyer, 499 Carey, Samuel, 498 Chaumont, Joseph, 379 Caribs, 58, 104, 105, 205, 234, 235, 240, 276, Chawanook, 124 292, 497, 499 Chayanta, 486 Carijó, 112, 132, 179, 209, 226, 305 Chayantas, 502 Carillo, Ildefonso, 514 Chaymas, 363 Cariri, 110, 303 Chels, 138 Carloff, Heinrich, 58 Cherokees, 146, 147, 365, 379, 472, 476, 478 Carlos III, King of Spain, 469 Chesapeake Bay, 8, 114, 121, 124, 316, 351, Carmelites, 300 482 Carrera, José Maria, 517 Chia, 137, 178 Cartagena, 62, 175, 278, 394, 521 Chiapas, 284, 429 Cartagena Manifesto, 520 Chibchan languages, 134, 136 Cartago, 285 Chichén Itzá, 138 Carvajal, Gaspar de, 129 Chichimec, 150 Casas, Bartolomé de las, 188, 189, 192 Chichimeca, 148 Casolara, Carlos de, 290 Chichimeca War, 264, 267, 268 casta paintings, 359 Chichimecas, 263, 264, 381 Castello de Vide, Rafael, 97 Chickasaws, 146, 331 Castille, 23, 39, 43 Chiguanos, 132 Castles, 36 Chilam Balam, 429 Castro, Cristóba Vaca de, 173 Chilche, Francisco, 174 Catalan Atlas, 12, 37 Chile, 272 Catari, Tomás, 486, 512 Chiquihuite, 511 catechism, 400, 421, 427 Chiquitos, 514 Catholic Church, 50, 51 Chira of Muchuia, 357 Catholic Reformation, 401 Chiriguanos, 439, 514 Catholicism, 474 Choctaws, 147, 310, 331 Caupolicán, 273 Christophe, Henri, 493 Cavazzi, Giovanni Antonio, 386, 394 Chupas, battle, 174 Cavendish, Thomas, 53 Chuquisaca, 512 Caxinga, 329 Churultecal, 167 Cayapó, 133 Cieza de León, Pedro, 171, 173 Cayenne, 257, 349 Ciruelo, Pedro, 407 Cayo Topa, Francisco, 174 Cisneros, Baltasar Hidalgo de, 512 Cazamansa, 251 Claesen, Dirck, 348 Ceará, 133 Claver, Pedro, 336, 457, 458 ceramics, artistic, 343 Cleveland, James, 260

Index 529

Clinton, Henry, 482 Cortes, Portuguese, 46 clothing, 359, 360 Cortes, Spanish, 47 Club de Massiac, 490 Corvilhão, Pero de, 25 Coatzacoalcos, 167 Costa Peixoto, Antonio da, 338 Cobo, Bernabé, 377 Costa Rica, 284 Cochabamba, 154 cotton, 236 Cochran, Thomas, 524 Council of Florence, 17 Cockburn, John, 287 Council of Trent, 400, 401, 409 Cocoms, 138 Counter Reformation (Catholic Reformation), Codex Mendoza, 196, 358 400 Codex Rámirez, 424 couriers de bois, 307 Codex Yanhuitlan, 359 Courland (Latvia), 240 codices, Mexican, 148 Couto Fonseca, João de, 301 Coelho, Duarte, 217, 219 Couto, Manoel do, 300 Cofitachiqui,144 Coxipó River, 305 Cohasset, 123 Creeks, 147, 310, 472, 476 collective memory, 1 creole language, 340 Colombia, 61, 136 Cresques, Abraham, 37 Colono-Ware, 350, 351 Criado de Castilla, Alonso, 285 Columbus, Christopher, 7, 9, 19, 25, 26, 49, Cricaré, 216 104, 127, 164, 189 criollos, 470, 483, 500 Commanche, 270, 271 Crispe, Samuel, 238 commandeurs d’atelier, 491, 492 Cruz, Laureano de la, 129 Committees of Correspondence, 474 Cuba, 54, 55, 61, 126, 166, 195, 519 Company of Merchant Adventurers, 260 Cuiaba, 133 Company of Merchant Adventurers into Cuiabá River, 305 Africa, 239 Culima, 168 Comuñero revolt, 483 Cumaná, 277, 363 Conchos, 269 Cundinamarca, 520 Concord, Massachusetts, 475 Cunha Valadares, Calisto da, 300 Conde, Garcia, 507 Curaçao, 323 Condorcanqui, Jose Gabriel, 484 Curtin, Philip, 83 Cones Paniura, 357 Cusco, 202, 357 Congo River, 183 Cusi Yupanqui, Inca, 152 Congress of Tucumán, 517 Cuyabá, 227 Congresso de Chilpancingo, 509 Cuzcatlán, 139 Connecticut, 475 Cuzco, 153 Continental Congress, 475 Continental System, 500 Dabei, 179 Coosa, 144 Dablon, Claude, 379 copper, 56 Dahomey, 337, 346 Corbitant, 123 Dahomey, King of, 64 Córdoba, 513 Dahomey, Kingdom of, 76, 77, 80, 92 co-revelation, 411, 412, 419, 424, 426, 427, Dampier, William, 283 430, 440, 443, 446 dancing, 394 Corker, Thomas, 260 Daniel, 245 Cornwallis, Charles, 478 Danish language, 323 Coro, 127, 175, 500 Danish West Indies, 75, 322 Coromantees, 240, 334 Darién, 285 Correa de Sousa, João, 88 de Sandoval, Alonso, 62 Correia Leitão, Manoel, 85, 254 Deagan, Kathleen, 348 Correia, Pero, 435 Declaration of Independence, US, 475 Cortes, 23 Declaration of the Rights of Man, 490 Cortés, Hernán, 148, 166, 196 Deism, 447

530 Index

Delaware, 319, 353, 454 Eguiluz, Diego de, 131 Delaware River, 57, 316 El Salvador, 284 Delliette, Pierre, 144 Eldorado, 292, 293 Dembos, 185 Elem Kalabari (New Calabar), 249 demi-brigades, 493 Elmina, 70, 254, 255, 256, 346 Denkyira, 76 Emboabas, 226, 304 Denmark, 51, 239 Emparán, Vicente, 519 descent (Brazil), 299 encomienda, 187, 189, 191, 193, 194, 196, Desprez, Josquin, 369 198, 202, 203, 208 Dessalines, Jean-Jacques, 493 England, 39, 59, 468 Devil, 406, 407, 408 English language, 316, 321 Diabolism, 406, 407, 408, 409, 420, 421, 422, Enrique IV, King of Castille, 37 425, 430, 433, 454 Enriquillo, 191, 277 Dias, Bartolomeu, 25 epidemic, 191, 193, 199 Dias, Fernão, 223 Equestrian Revolution, 271, 274, 332 Dias, Pedro, 217 Equiano, Olaudah, 73, 78, 79, 98 Diaz, Miguel, 165 Ercilla y Zuñiga, Alonso de, 119 Dias de Novais, Paulo, 27, 49, 86, 185, 220, Eschenbach, Wolfram von, 16 417 Espinosa, Alonso de, 411 Diogo I, King of Kongo, 417 Espirito Santo, 216 DNA, 188, 193 Espirito Santo Arcoverde, Maria do, 221 Dobeiuasu, 294 Esquemelin, Alexander, 282 Dobritzhoffer, Martin, 274, 360, 441 Essequibo, 235, 292 Dolid, Cristóbal, 286 Estates General, 487 Doliveira, José Gonçalves, 259 Ethiopia, 25 Dominica, 277, 292, 496 as land of Prester John, 16 Dominicans, 421 Ethridge, Robbie, 309 donatary captain, 216 Etiguara, 438 Donck, Andriaen van der, 115, 116, 364 Evreux, Yves d’, 130 Drake, Francis, 53, 286 Exquemelin, Alexandre, 108, 289 Drax Hall, 351 Drury, Robert, 90 factory, 64 Duchailleau, 496 factory trade, 250, 254 Duke, Antera, 250 Falconbridge, Alexander, 249 Dunmore, Lord, 481 Falémé River, 255 Dunmore’s Ethiopian Regiment, 481, 483 Fante, 75 Durán, Diego, 423 fashion, 257 Durango, 268 Faudoas, Eustache de, 20 Dutch, 54 Federmann, Nicholas, 126, 127, 175 Dutch language, 320, 321 Fédon, Julien, 497, 498 Dutch West India Company, 63, 232, 235, ferias, 253 239, 282, 318, 323 Fernandes, João, 20 Dutché, Anthony, 349 Fernandes Vieira. João, 88 Fernando VII, King of Spain, 500, 501, 509, Eanes de Zurara, Gomes, 17, 20 518 Eanes, Gil, 19 Fernando, King of Aragon, 37 Eannes de Zurara, Gomes, 16, 17 Fetu, 346 East India Company, 54 Figueira, Joseph, 225 East Jersey, 318 firearms, 69 Eckhout, Albert, 360 First Continental Congress, 475 econome, 491 Fisher, David Hackett, 316 Edward I, King of England, 39 Flacourt, Sieur de, 90 Egalitarian democracies, 102, 103. Fort Orange (Albany), 115, 232 See also free associations Fox, 309

Index 531

France, 39, 59, 468 Gonçalves, Antão, 20 Franciscans, 12, 266, 270, 382, 410, 420, 443 Gonçalves, Braz, 217 Francisco Jolofo, 457 Gonneville, Binot Paulmier de, 131 Franco-Flemish School, 368 Gonzáles Balcarce, Antonio, 513 François, Jean, 492 Good Hope, Cape of, 78 Frankish, 35 Gordo, Pedro, 177 Franklin, Benjamin, 372, 478 Gorée, 256, 257 fraternities, lay, 460 Gouveia, Francisco de, 183 free associations, 100, 102, 104, 105, 261, Gran Chaco, 274, 440, 516, 517 352, 380, 435, 471 Grand Canary Island, 26, 162, 163, 188, 410, French language, 35, 322 411 French Revolution, 496 Grand Feque, 77 Frézier, Amadée, 353 Grande, Rio, 443 Froger, François, 370 Grasse, Admiral de, 478 Fuerteventura, 163, 187, 410 Great Awakening, 451, 462, 463 Fulbe, 255 Great Britain, 108 fur, 231, 235 Great Dismal Swamp, 482 Furtado de Mendonça, João, 393 Great Fula, Empire of, 76, 84 Great Jolof, 182, 213 Gabon, 23 Great Plains, 380 Gage, Thomas, 287, 475 Great Sun, 141 Galibis, 106 Great Wheel, 19, 27 Gálvez, José de, 469 Greenevill, Richard, 124 Gama, Vasco da, 25, 27 Greenland, 8 Gambia, 57 Grégoire, Henri, 489 Gambia River, 83, 251, 254 Gregorian Chant, 368 Gand, 405 Grenada, 104, 105, 106, 107, 234, 240, 292, Garay, Francisco de, 166 473, 496, 497 Garcia II, King of Kongo, 97, 354 Griot, 387 Garret y Arvoli, Benito, 290 Grou, Domingos Luiz, 217 Gates, Horatio, 477 Guacheta, 177 gauchopines, 470, 504 guachos, 514 gauchos, 276, 384, 516 Guaconari, 165 gavillas, 508, 510 Guadalajara, 508 Gê, 109, 110, 114, 133 Guadeloupe, 235, 239 Gelderland, 45 Guainí River, 292 gens de coleur, 489, 494 Guarani, 209 George I, King of England, 80, 92 Guarani language, 326 George III, King of England, 473 Guardafia, 162, 187 German language, 35, 319, 322 Guarionex, 165, 189 Germans, 319, 320 Guasucingo, 167 Germany, 9, 36, 212 Guatatas, 180 Gerson, Jean, 401 Guatemala, 138, 169, 207, 284 Ghana, 62 Guatemala, Kingdom of, 168, 208 Gilij, Filippo Salvador, 327, 434 Guaycuru, 179 Glorious Revolution, 468 Guerrero, Vicente, 511 Glückstadt, 58 Guiacurú, 305 Gogoxito, Francisco, 443 Guiana, 128 gold, 12, 20, 255, 285 Guimar, 411 Gold Coast (modern Ghana), 21, 23, 46, 54, Guinea, 48 58, 63, 69, 72, 240, 254, 346, 355 Guise, 187 Gomes, Ambrósio, 259 guitar, 370 Gomes, Diogo, 8, 21, 23 Gulf Stream, 11, 13, 19 Gomes, Fernão, 23, 26, 48 Gumilla, Joseph, 363, 378, 434

532 Index

gun-slave cycle, 67, 68 Huáscar, 170, 171 Guyana, 521 Huascar, Inca, 152 Guyaquil, 522 Huayna Capac, Inca, 152, 154 Guzmán, Nuño de, 168 Hudson River, 232, 318, 320 Guzmán, Vasco Nuño de, 168 Huei tlamahuiçoltica, 427 Huevelcar, 204 habitans, 231, 236 Hugues, Victor, 496, 499 habitant, 318 Humboldt, Alexander von, 327, 363, 384 Hacarygua, 127 Hundred Years’ War, 37, 40 hacienda, 201 Hungary, 42 Haiti, 521 Huron, 114, 116 Haitian Revolution, 471, 487 Huron Carol, 385 Halbwachs, Maurice, 1 Huron League, 307 Halifax, 475 Hurons, 115, 231, 306, 385, 444 Halsey, John, 90 Hutten, Philip von, 175 Händel, Georg Frederic, 369 Huzá, 301 Hanoverian dynasty, 472 Hapsburg, House of, 37, 47 Iceland, 8 Harcourt, Robert, 128 al-Idrisi, 12 hardwood, 215 Igaraçu, 217, 219 Hari a Ngola, Felipe, 185 Ile Bourbon, 91 Hariot, Thomas, 124 Ilha de Idolos, 387 Hassig, Ross, 149, 166 Ilheus, 216 Hay, John, 497 Illinois, nation, 143, 144 Heckenberger, Michael, 126 Imbangala, 185 Heckewelder, John, 454 Incas, 26, 147, 151, 346, 430 Hennepin, Louis, 143, 331, 364 Indian Ocean, 63, 91 Henri IV, King of France, 53 indigo, 243 Henrique, Bishop, 414, 415 Industrial Revolution, 68, 471 Henriques, António, 226 Ingrao, Charles, 466 Henry the Navigator, 16, 17, 48 Inhapuambuçú, 217 Heriarte, Mauricio de, 129, 130 Inquisition, 408, 425, 427, 458, 507 Hernández, Pero, 132 Institutes of the Christian Religion, 403 Hesse-Cassel, 466 Intolerable Acts, 474 Heyn. Piet, 55 Irala, Domingo de, 180 Heywood, Linda, 2, 82, 96 iron, 56 Hidalgo y Cosillos, Miguel, 503, 504, 506, Iroquois, 114, 118, 232, 306, 330, 445, 454, 507, 508 472 High Court of Admiralty, 281 Isabella, Queen of Castille, 37 Hispaniola, 8, 26, 49, 61, 104, 106, 126, 127, Islam, 410 165, 166, 189, 194, 206, 266, 276, 277, Italy, 36 281, 420 Itamarca, 294 Hobbes, Thomas, 447 Iturbide, Augustín de, 511 Hojeda, Alonso de, 175 Iturrigaray, José de, 503 Holo, 85, 86 Itzcoatl, 148 Holy Roman Empire, 47 ivory, 64 Holy Scriptures, 399 Ivory Coast, 62 Holy Spirit, 401, 450 Ixtilxóchitl, Fernando de Alva, 148, 424 Honduras, 109, 169, 284, 499 House of Commons, 480 Jagas, 183, 185 Howe, William, 482 Jaguaripe, 438 huaca, 431, 432 Jaime Ferrer, 12 Huánaco Revolt, 513 Jamaica, 108, 126, 166, 195, 239, 242, 339, Huarochiri, 431 350, 391, 483

Index 533

Jamaica Rules, 283 Kongo, Kingdom, 77, 78, 81, 88, 96 Jamestown, 55, 125 Konny, John, 91 Janduim, 133, 134 Konyan Bebe, 113 Jansen, Cornelius, 448 Kpengla, 93 Jaquijaquana, battle, 203 Kpengla, King of Dahomey, 93 Jáuregui, Agustin de, 486 Kramer, Heinrich, 406 Jefferson, Thomas, 470 Kulinago, 104 jeque, 433 kuraka, 155, 204, 357 Jeremy, 290 Kurland, 57 Jeronomites, 190, 191, 194 Kurland African Company, 57 Jesuits, 217, 219, 225, 268, 269, 299, 305, Kwakwa cloth, 249 306, 326, 327, 388, 394, 417, 421, 434, Kwango River, 62, 77 436, 439, 440, 444, 458 Kwanza River, 27, 77, 185, 210, 253 Jeune, Paul Le, 378 Jews, 222, 236 La Paz, 486, 512 Jiménez de Quesada, 433 la Salle, Gadifer de, 25 João II (of Portugal), 25 Labat, Jean-Baptiste, 356, 387, 391, 394 João III, King of Portugal, 216 Lagos, Portugal, 17 João V, King of Portugal, 500 Lahontan, Baron de, 331 João VI, King of Portugal, 523 lançados, 251, 252, 259 Jobson, Richard, 259 Landa, Diego de, 138, 428 Jogues, Isaac, 318 Lanzarotte, 187, 410 John I, King of Enland, 39 Larecaja, 513 John of Leiden, 403 Las Salinas, battle, 173 Johnson, Charles, 90, 284 Lauder, John, 409 Jolliet, Louis, 308 Lautaro, 273 Jolof, 84 lavradores da cana, 222 José I, King of Kongo, 97 Law of Burgos, 190, 266 Judaism, 410 Lawson, John, 145 junta, 501, 503 Le Jau, Francis, 462 Junta of Caracas, 519 Leclerc, 496 Junta Suprema Nacional Americana, 508 Lerma, Garcia de, 176 Léry, Jean, 110, 111 Kaarta, 76, 84 Lescarbot, Jean, 363 Kajoor, 84 Lescarbot, Marc, 378 Kalabari, 98 Lesser Antillies, 59 Kalm, Peter, 321 letters of marque, 52, 53 Kasanje, 85, 253 Lewis and Clark, 380 Kaskaskia, 143, 318 Liberia, 69 Kazembe, 85 Libertalia, 284 Key of Solomon, 406 Lienza de Tlaxcala, 169 Khoikhoi, 77 life expectancy, 68 Kidd, William, 91 Ligon, Richard, 238, 393, 460 Kikongo, 329, 336, 340, 341, 414 Lima, 335 Kimbundu, 328, 329, 336, 356, 457 Limón, 280 King Philip’s War, 233 Lincoln, 245 Kingdom of Guatemala, 284 Lindeström, Peter, 124 Kino, Eusebio, 269 lingua franca, 330, 333 Kisama, 211 Little Wheel, 19 kiva, 443 Lizana, Bernardo de, 428 Knights Templar, 17 Llanos (Colombia), 126 Koelle, Sigismund, 62, 63, 73 Llanos of the Orinoco, 486, 520, 522 Kongo, 22, 62, 68, 69, 73, 183, 213, 220, 252, Locke, John, 447 296, 329, 354, 356, 388, 412, 461 Lockhart, James, 324

534 Index

logwood, 291 Malocello, Lanzarotto, 15 Long, Edward, 245, 479 Manaure, 175 Lopes Cardoso, Manuel, 252 Manco, 172, 173 López Rayón, Inacio, 508 Manco Capac, 430 Lords of Cuzco, 485 Mandinga (religious object), 418 Loreto, 439 Manhattan, 123 Loskiel, George, 454 Manoa, 292 Louisiana, 318, 320 Mansa Musa, 9, 13 Louverture, Toussaint, 493, 495, 496 Mansa Qu, 9 Low Countries, 404 mantuanos, 519 Lower Guinea, 61 Mapuche, 119, 272 Luanda, 63, 77, 88, 185, 210, 239, 253, 356, marabout, 457 389 Marajó, 294, 346 Lucca, Lorenzo da, 417 Maranahão, 216 Lucena, Vasco Fernandes de, 217 Maravi, 78 Lugo, Alonso de, 163, 176 Marees, Pieter de, 355, 387 Lukala River, 253 Margarita, 521 Lunda Empire, 69, 85, 86, 254 marimba, 389 Luther, Martin, 401, 406 Maroons, Jamaica, 241, 281, 480 Lutherans, 50, 402 Marquette, Jacques, 143, 308 Martínez de Tineo, Juan Victorino, 275 M. W. (English pirate), 108 Martinique, 235, 239, 240 M. W (pirate), 289 Martins, Domingo José, 523 Mabila, 144 Martyr, Peter, 127 Macaya, 494 Maryland, 124, 320 Machiavelli, Niccolò, 41 Mascarenes, 91 Machifaro, 128 Mascarenhas Homem, Manoel de, 294 Macobios, 274 Mascolmim, 301 Macow, 393 Mascotu, 301 Madagascar, 60, 62, 63, 78, 90, 92, 284 Massachusetts, 233, 475 Madeira, 18, 26, 46, 60, 212 Massachusetts, indigenous group, 123 hardwoods in, 18 Massachusetts Bay Company, 450 sugar in, 18 Massasoit, 122, 123, 233 wine in, 18 Matamba, 69, 77 Magalhães, Pero de, 109 Mato Grosso, 227, 274 Magalhães de Gandovo, 111 Matsamba, 251 Magdalena River, 177 Matto Grosso, 304 Magellan, Ferdinand, 215 Mattos, Gregorio de, 390 Magisterium, 400, 401 Maya, 138, 169, 208, 286, 325, 427 Magna Carta, 39 Mayan languages, 324 Mahi, 93 Mayapán, 138 Maieless, 132 Mayhew, Jonathan, 472, 473 Maine, 55 Mayhew, Thomas, 453 Maipú, 518 Mayos, 270 Maipuri, 293 Maytacapac, 430 majolica, 345, 347 Mbailundu, 77 “Middle Ground, 306 Mbamba, 253 Makelaar, 256 Mbandi a Ngola, 185 Malaguetta Coast, 354 Mbata, 253 Malemba, 63 Mbumbi, 253 Mali, 9, 21, 69 Mbumbi, Battle of, 414 Mali, Empire of, 76, 84 Mbwa Lau, 97 Mallery, Garreck, 332 Mbwila, Battle of, 253 Malleus Maleficarum, 406, 407 Medeiros, Francisco de, 415

Index 535

Megapolensis, Johannes, 115, 116 Mollens, Willem, 107 Meistersingers, 373 Mongols, 40 Melanchthon, 449 Montagnais, 378 Menatonon, 124 Montaigne, Michel de, 102, 103, 109 Mende, 73 Monte Albán, 140 Mendes de Vasconcelos, Luis, 88 Montejo, Francisco de, 169 Mendieta, Gerónimo de, 376 Monteverde, Domingo de, 519 Mendoza, 518 Montevideo, 276, 516, 524 Mendoza, Pedro de, 132, 179 Montezuma, 424 Mennonite, 319, 354, 404 Montezuma, Emperor, 167 mercenaries, 40, 41, 466 Montfort, Simon de, 39 merchants, 42, 48, 49, 59, 82 Montoya, Antonio Ruiz de, 181 in European expansion, 17 Morais Rego, Gregorio de, 300 mercury, 204 Moravians, 319, 385, 450, 453 Mérida, 427 More, Thomas, 102 mestizo, 194 Moreau de Jonnès, M. A., 499 Methodists, 451, 462 Moreau de St-Méry, 459 Mexica, 148 Morelos y Pavón, José Maria, 509 Mexican War of Independence, 502 Morequito, 128 Mexico, 50, 206, 502 Morgan, Henry, 282 Mexico City, 507 Morocco Michaëlius, Jonas, 123 Portuguese invasion of, 17 Michoacán, 147, 150 Moses, 400 Middle Ground, 307, 309, 330, 331, 332, Mosquitos Zambos, 109, 289, 290, 291 451 Mosto, Alvise da, 8, 18, 23 military-fiscal state, 465 Motolinía, Toribio de, 421 militia, 476, 477, 508 Moundsville, 345 Mina Coast, 337 Moura, José Lopes de, 259 Mina language, 334, 337 Mourning Wars, 307, 330 Minas Gerais, 226, 228, 304, 337, 391, 524 Moxos, 502, 514 mines, 264, 268 Mozambique, 86 minisänger, 368 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 369 mini-states, 100 Muhammad, 398, 410 miracle, 398, 418, 428, 437 Muisca, 136, 177 Miranda, Francisco de, 519 Müller, Johann Wilhelm, 346, 387 Miskito, 288, 291 Munsi, 456 Miskito Kingdom, 108, 109, 499 Münster, 403 Mission, John, 284 Muscogulge, 332 Mississippi River, 140, 143, 232, 308, 331 music, 367 Mississippian culture, 140, 144, 345 Muskogee, 331 mit’a, 154 Muslim Africans, 457 mitayos, 209 Mwata Yamvo, 85 mitmaq, 153, 154, 357 Mwenemutapa, 78 mitote, 382 mysticism, 448 Mixtecs, 140, 324, 359 mocambo, 225, 296 naborías, 205 moccasins, 363 Naco, 287 Mocovi, 361 Nahua (language), 201, 323, 422 Mohawk, 117 Nantes, Martin de, 110, 114, 303 moios, 216 Narragansett, 233, 452 Mojos, 131 Nata, 135 Mokko, 73 Natchez, 141 Molina, Cristobal de, 432 National Assembly, 487, 489, 494 Molinos, Miguel de, 449 nations, African, 391

536 Index

Nauset, 123 Nzambi a Mpungu, 414 Navarette, Luisa de, 106 Nziko, 185 Navigation Nzinga a Nkuwu, 183, 354, 412 African, 9 European, 14–15 O’ Higgins, 518 Navigation Acts, 348 Oaxaca, 140, 207, 427, 511 Ndongo, 77, 88, 182, 183, 296, 389, Oceanic navigation 417 Native American, 9 Necker, Jacques, 467 Ogané, 25 Negro River, 126, 130, 303 Ogé, Vincent, 489, 490 Neolin, 455 Ohio, 474 Neppesingue, 364 Ohio River, 308 Netherlands, 50, 51, 404 Okango, 253 New Amsterdam, 232, 242 Old Calabar, 249, 250 New Amsterdam (New York), 123, 124 Old Lights, 451 New England, 114, 121, 125, 233, 452 Oldendorp, Georg Christian Andreas, 62, 71, New Granada, 502 75, 461 New Hampshire, 475 Oldwawas, 289 New Haven, 73 Olid, Cristóbal de, 168 New Laws, 49, 202, 203, 206, 207, 208 Olinda, 219, 221 New Lights, 451 Oliveira, Antonio de, 303 New Mexico, 382, 443 Olivera, Luis de, 431 New Netherland, 232 Ollantaytambo, 172 New Sweden, 57 Olmos, Andrés de, 422 New Sweden (Delaware), 124 Omagua, 128, 362 New York, 319, 322, 372, 477 Omagua (Aparia), 129 Ngana Zamba, 297 Omasuyo, 513 Ngongo Mbata, 253 Ometochtzin, Carlos, 425 Ngoyo, 255 Oñate, Juan de, 270 Nhanmondás River, 301 Onondaga, 385 Nicaragua, 55, 136, 169, 284 Opatás, 269, 506 Nichols, Philip, 286 Opus tripartitum, 401 Nieman, Johan, 386 orchil, 15 Niger Delta, 72, 75, 78, 249, 334, 338 Order of Christ, 17, 301 Niger River, 19, 76, 79, 84, 98, 351 Orinoco Basin, 7 Niger Valley, 62 Orinoco River, 53, 55, 104, 121, 126, 128, Nigeria, 8, 62 291, 292, 327, 520 Nine Years War, 465 Orléans, 409 Nipissiriniens, 379 Orsúa, Pedro de, 129 Nippisiens, 385 Other World, 398, 413, 446 Njinga Mbande, Ana de Sousa, 185, 186, 253, Otis, James, 473 389, 394, 417 Otis, John, 473 nkisi, 414 Otomis, 506 Nóbrega, Manuel de, 436 Ottoman Empire, 47 Nombre de Dios, 286 Ottowa people, 474 Nora, Pierre, 1 Ovalle, Alonso de, 119, 273 Norfolk, 481 Ovando, Nicolas de, 190 North Africa, 20 Oviedo, Gonzalo Fernández, 61, 135 North Carolina, 53, 229 Owens, Nicholas, 260 North, Nathaniel, 90 Oyo, 93, 94 Northern Mexico frontier, 263, 267 Oyo Empire, 77 Nouvel, Heni, 385 nudity, as clothing, 360, 363 Pacabuyes, 175 Nzambi, 417 Pacaje, 513

Index 537

Pachacutec, Inca, 152 Pérez de Ribas, Andrés, 441, 442 pachacuti, 484 Periplus of the Erythrean Sea, 7 Pacheco Pereira, Duarte, 8 Pernambuco, 56, 113, 216, 217, 235, 294, Padilla, Manuel Asencio, 514 335, 524 Paez, José Antonio, 522 Peru, 50, 202, 430, 512 pagé, 435, 437, 438 petit blancs, 491 Page du Pratz, Antoine Le, 310 Pfefferkorn, Ignaz, 382 Page du Pratz, Simon le, 365 Phibbah, 244 Page du Pratz, Simon-Antoine le, 141 Philadelphia, 319, 322, 372 Pahaca, 144 Philip II, Emperor, 408 Palenque, 278 Phillip II, King of Spain, 50 Palestrina, Giovanni Pierluigi da, 369 Phillipse, Frederick, 91 Palma, 163 Piar, Manuel, 521 Palma Sola, 511 Pietism, 319, 449 Palmares, 224, 226, 296, 326, 492 Pijart, Claude, 379 Pamet, 123 Pilcomaya River, 132 Pampa, 362 Pipe stems, 351 Panache, 178 Pipil, 136, 139 Panamá, 134, 207, 285 Piquerohy, 217 Pané, Ramón, 419 pirates, 278, 281, 287 Pánuco, 166, 167, 168 Piratininga, 437 Papiamentu, 323 Pirecis, Kingdom, 133 Paracuató, 301 Pires de Campos, Antonio, 133 Paraguaçu, 218 Pizarro, Francisco, 170, 172 Paraguay, 233, 274, 305, 325, 361, 383 Pizarro, Gonzalo, 203, 362 Paraguay River, 121 Plaine du Nord, 489 Paraíba, 294 Platons, 494 Paraíba River, 304 Pliny, 9 Paraná River, 121, 133, 327, 384 Plymouth, 450 Paraquariis, 360 Plymouth, Massachuetts, 122 Parliament, 468, 472 Pocahontas, 232, 364 Parliament, English, 39 Poland, 15 Parral, 268 Polverel, 495 Pascal, Blaise, 448 Polynesians, 7 Pascattoway, Empire, 124 polyphonic music, 381 patronage community, 366, 367, 376, 384 Poma de Ayala, Felipe Guaman, 356, 357 patroons, 318 Poma of Chipau, 357 Paulistas, 223, 226, 228, 304 Pombal, Marquis of, 467 Paullu, 172, 173, 203 pombeiro, 211 Payagua, 179 Ponce de Leon, Juan, 165 Peace of Augsburg, 404 Pontiac, 472, 474 Peasant War, 403 Pope, 36 Pedro Congo, 461 Popé, 444 Pedro Cuinierángari, 168 Popol Vuh, 429 Pedro IV, Kingdom of Kongo, 96 Popunhari, 301 peninsulares, 470 porcelain, 345, 346 Penn, William, 319 Poro Society, 261 Pennsylvania, 320, 353 Porto da Cruz, 252 Pennsylvania Dutch, 322 Porto Novo, 94 Peoria, 143 Portugal, 36, 39, 43, 45, 500 pepper, 64 Portuguese, 62, 77 Pequot, 233 Portuguese language, 328 Pequot War, 233 Pory, John, 123 Pereira Mendes, Francisco, 64 possession, 398

538 Index

Potflis, Francisco de,299 Ragueneau, Paul, 385 Potherie, Bacqueville de La, 307 Raimond, Julien, 489 Poti, Pedro (Pieter), 326 Raleigh, Walter, 53, 128, 229, 234, 292 Potiguars, 110, 216, 218, 294 ranchería, 267 Potomac River, 124 rancherías, 263 Potosí, 204, 502 Rasieres, Isaac de, 123 Powhatan, 125 Rath, Richard, 391 Praying Indians, 452 Raugeneau, Paul, 379 predestination, 402 Raule, Benjamin, 58 Presbyterians, 450 Raveneau de Lussan, 289 Prester John, 16, 24, 25 Raymbaut, Charles, 379 Prince Henry the Navigator, 14 Rebellion of Caucuc, 429 Príncipe, 60 Recife, 224, 226, 523 privateers, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 108, 229, 278, Recke, Georg Friedrich von, 365 281 Recollets, 444 Protestants, 50, 51, 72 reduccíon, 208, 266, 268, 275 Providence Island, 55, 108 Redware, 347 Providence Island Company, 55, 282 Reformation, 400, 401 Prussia, 240, 404 Rennefort, Suchou de, 334, 336 public works, 200 Renslaerwick, 348 Puebla, 198, 202, 347, 371, 383 repartimiento, 200 Pueblo Revolt, 271, 444 Republic of Christians, 199 Pueblos, 270 Republic of Indians, 199 Puerto Caballos, 288 republiquetas, 514 Puerto Caballos (Puerto Cortes today), 287 Réunion, 91 Puerto Rico, 61, 104, 106, 126, 165, 166, 195, revelation, 398, 433 276 revelation, continuous, 399, 403, 404, 411, Pulgar, Hernando de, 37 412, 448 Pumacahua, Mateo, 512, 514, 515 revelation, discontinuous, 399, 420, 430, 436 Purcell, Henry, 369 revelations, 398 Purépecha, 150 Revolt of the Tailors, 500 Puritan, 236, 353, 450, 452 Revolution, American, 464 Pyrard de Laval, François, 393 Revolution, Spanish American, 464 Reyes Vargas, Juan de los, 519 Qu’ran, 398 Rhine River, 35, 51, 59 Quaker, 353 Rhine Valley, 15 Quautlatas, 268, 443 Rhode Island, 475 Quebec, 473 Ribeiro Chiado, Antonio, 392 Québec, 231, 232, 322, 385, 445 rice, 243 Quechua, 323, 327 Ricketts, William, 339 Querandi, 179 Rigaud, André, 494 Querétaro, 503, 506 Rimiñavi, 171 Quesada, Gonzalo Jiménez de, 137, 177, 178 Rio Branco, 299 Quetzalcoatl, 421, 423 Rio das Mortes, 226 Quiché, 168 Rio das Velhas, 226 Quietism, 449 Rio de Janeiro, 52, 103, 110, 216, 218, 227, Quigaltam, 141 228, 523 quilombos, 228 Rio de la Plata, 121, 126, 179, 209, 215, 226, quipus, 151, 430 305 Quisquis, 171 Rio Doce, 226 Quito, 153, 170, 171, 172 Rio Grande, 252, 270, 294 Ritual Magic, 406 Rabi, Johannes, 134 Roanoke, 53, 124, 231 Radisson, Pierre Espirit, 117, 118 Roatán Island, 499

Index 539

Robertson, James, 327, 362 Sangarará, 485 Robertson, William Parish, 516 Santa Ana de Coro, 175 Rocha Machado, Antonio da, 302 Santa Marta, 175, 176, 177 Rochefort, Charles de, 390 Santee, 147 Rodrigues, Álvaro, 217 Santiago de Talamanca, 136 Rodrigues, Bartolomeu, 223 santidades, 295, 436, 437 Rodrigues, Pero, 218 Santissimo Santo, Diego de, 388 Rodrigues, Vicente, 437 Santo Angelo, 300 Rogers, Zachary, 260 Santo Antonio de Jaguaripe, 225 Rojas Villandrando, Agustín de, 373 Santo Tomé, 292, 293 Roldán, Francisco, 165 Santos Atalhalpa, Juan, 484 Rolfe, John, 232 Santos Velhena, Luis dos, 391 Romalho, João, 216 São Francisco River, 109, 110 roquois, 476 São José do Igarapé Grande, 302 Rosales, Diego de, 120, 273 São Manços, Francisco de, 301 Royal Africa Company, 260 São Paulo, 131, 216, 233, 241, 305, 325, 437, Rozwi, 78 524 Ruiz de Montoya, Antonio, 133, 439, 440 São Salvador (Kongo), 96, 253 Rumiñavi, 171 São Tomé, 60, 213, 247, 248, 415 runaways, 277, 278, 280, 286, 287 São Vicente, 113, 216, 223, 326 Saratoga, Battle of, 477 Sá, Mem de, 217, 218 Sarayez, 133 Sabará, 227 Sarmiento de Gamboa, Pedro, 151, 155, 203 sachem, 121, 124 Savannah, 478 Sachs, Hans, 373 Savi, 346 Sacramento, João Duarte do, 225 Savignon, 103 Sagahún, Bernardo de, 376 Sayri Inca, 174 Sagipa, 178 Scandanavians, 8 Sahagún, Bernardo de, 422 Scarbough, Edmond, 242 Saint Christopher (St. Kitts), 107, 238, 391 Schetz, Erasmus, 222 Saint Domingue, 244, 341, 488 Schmidel, Ulrich, 132, 180, 217, 222, 361, 377 Saint Francis, 416 Scotch-Irish, 316 Saint James, 413 Scott, John, 234 Saint John’s revolt, 241 Sea Beggars, 53 Saint Lawrence River, 231, 318 Sea Dogs, 53 Saint Thomas, Apostle, 423, 430, 434, 437, Seara, 295 438 Segu, 76, 84 Saint Thomas, Apostole, 440 Senegal, 8, 58, 61, 69 Saint Vincent, 106 Senegal River, 12, 19, 61, 76, 78, 83 Saliva, 293, 378 Senegambia, 84, 252, 256, 338 Salle, Gadifer de la, 162, 163, 187 Sepp, Anton, 383 Salle, Robert de la, 410 Sergipe, 438 Salle, Sieur de la, 308, 331 Serinhaem, 224 salt, 54 Seris, 269 Salvador, 370 Serna e Hinojosa, Jose de la, 518 Salvador, Bahia, 228 sesmaria, 210 Salvador, Vicente do, 110, 111, 112, 222 Sestos, Rio, 355 San Bruno, Vicente, 518 Seven Years’ War, 465, 472, 473, 476, 499 San Ignacio, 305 Severiano Gomez, Francisco, 511 San Martín, José de, 518 Seville, 22 San Pedro, Juan de, 432 Seville Plantation, 350 San Pedro Sula, 287, 288 Shawnees, 307, 454 Sandoval, Alonso de, 71, 79 Sherbro, 257 Sandoval, Gonzalo de, 168 Sherbro River, 260

540 Index

Shipboard trade, 249 Soyo, 388 siegneuies, 231 Spain, 47, 468 Sierra Leone, 8, 62, 73, 252, 257, 260, 387, Spanish language, 323, 324 419 Spener, Philip Jacob, 449 sign languages, 332 Spenger, Jakob, 406 signares, 256 St Augustine, 403 Silva Corrêa, Elias Alexandre da, 88 St Christopher (St Kitts), 55, 107, 234 Silva, Baltazar da, 301 St Lawrence River, 306 Silva, Diogo da, 163 St Lucia, 107, 277, 496, 499 silver, 59, 204 St Vincent, 105, 107, 277, 280, 497 silver fleet, Spanish,55 Staden, Hans, 110, 111, 112 Simms, Menno, 404 Stamp Act, 473 Símon, Pedro, 433 Staten Island, 321 Simpson, Leslie, 192 stoneware, 349 Sinaloa, 268, 441, 506 Strachey, William, 125 Sioux, 271, 309, 331, 380 Suaso, Alonso de, 190 Slave Coast, 257 sugar, 54, 59, 194, 206, 213, 219, 220, 221, slave revolt, Saint Domingue, 491 224, 235, 237, 240, 280 slave revolts, 240 Sugar Act, 473 slave trade, 56, 60, 61, 65, 71, 205 sugar revolution, 239, 277 and African politics, 84 Sumaya, Manuel de, 371 and African states, 74 Surinam, 235 banditry and, 72, 74, 97 Susquehanna River, 455 and debt, 73, 74 Sweden, 51, 56, 239 demographic impact, 66 Swedish West India Company, 319 and pirates, 90 warfare and, 72, 74, 86 The Swiss, 494 slave trade, African, 242, 296, 481 Syberiss, 132 slave trade, indigenous, 219 Synod of Dort, 460 Slaves, 479 Tabapari, 130 slaves, African, 237, 238, 240, 246, 282, 283, Tackey’s War, 241, 281, 480 285, 291, 305, 350, 352, 479 Tacna, 513 slaves, indigenous, 293 Taguzgalpa, 108, 288 slaves, runaway, 240 Tainos, 104, 106, 127, 165, 190, 193, 194, Sloane, Hans, 391 419 Smith, John, 125 Tairona, 176 soba, 209 Taki Onoqi, 431, 484 Socorro, 483 Talamanca, 285 Sofala, 63 Tallis, Thomas, 369 Solimões, 128 Tamaracá, 218 Solomon, 406 Tamoios, 110 Solorzano, Juan Jose, 396 Tangáxuan II, 168 Songhai, 22, 76 Tapajos, 129 Sonora, 441 Tapinambana, 130 Sonothax, 495 Tapuyas, 109, 224, 295, 299, 326 Soto, Hernando de, 141, 144, 172 Tarahumaras, 267, 268, 269, 270 Sotomayor, Cristobal de, 165 Tarascan, 150, 168, 264, 420 Sousa Chicorro, Luis Mendes de, 88 Tascal, 167 Sousa, Fernão de, 329 Taubici, 439 Sousa, Pero de, 294 Tavares, Pedro, 389 South Africa, 77, 79, 248 taxation, 42, 467, 468, 471, 472 South Carolina, 52, 53, 145, 243, 311, 319, Taxicora, 441 320, 350, 351, 475, 482 Taylor, John, 334, 339 Southern Cone frontier, 272 Tea Tax, 473

Index 541

Tebiriçá, 217 toque, 273 Tegbesu, King of Dahomey, 93 Tortuga, 282 Tehuantepec, 168 Tortuga (Ascenscion Island), 55 Teixeira, Pedro, 294 Totonacs, 166 Telde, 410 Toussaert, Jacques, 404 Tembu, 72 Tovilla, Martin, 286 Teneriffe, 163 Townshend, Charles, 473 Tenochtitlán, 167 Trascan, 147, 503 Teotihuacán, 140, 147 Tratado en que se repruevan todas las Tepehuan Revolt, 268 supersticiones y hecherizias, 407 Tepehuan war, 443 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 499 Tepehuanes, 267, 442 Treaty of Tilsit, 500 Tepenac, 148 Trinidad, 53, 234, 292, 473, 497 Terriquo, 146 Triple Alliance, 148 Texcoco, 148, 421, 425 Tristão, Nuno, 21 textile mills, 200 Trois-Rivières, 307 textiles, 68, 352 troubadours, 368 Tezozomoc, 148 Trujillo, 287, 289, 499 Tezozomoc, Hernando Alvarado, 424 Trujillo (Honduras), 108 Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, 38 Tucker, Henry, 260 theorbo, 393 Tucker, John, 260 Theresa of Avila, 448 Tucumán, 275, 327, 384 Thevet, André, 215 Tumbacundés, 226 Theyanoguin, 364 Tumbez, 202 Third Estate, 36, 42, 46, 468, 487, 489 Tunja, 137 Thirty Years’ War, 51, 55, 56, 58, 231, 400 Tupac Amaru, 431 Thistlewood, Thomas, 241, 244, 338 Túpac-Amaru II, Jose Gabriel, 174, 485 thumb piano, 389 Túpac Amaru rebellion, 512 Tibagi River, 360 Tupac Amaru Revolt, 484, 486 Ticonderoga, Fort, 475 Tupac Catari, Julián, 486 Tihuanaco, 151 Tupac Haullpa, 171 Timberlake, 365, 379 Tupac Yupanqui, Inca, 119 Timberlake, Henry, 146 Tupana, 436 Timbuktu, 22 Tupi, 109, 111 Timbus, 179 Tupi language, 214, 326, 332 Tindal, Matthew, 447 Tupi people, 215, 435 Tinta, 484 Tupinambá, 103, 109, 110, 112, 113, 130, Titu Cusi Yupanqui, 174 216, 217, 294 Tlacopan, 148 Tuppi Iken, 112 Tlaxcalan, 148, 150, 166, 168, 169, 186, 195, Turnbull, Gordon, 498 264, 358, 425, 506 Tututepec, 167, 168 Toba, 305 Tzintzuntzan, 150 tobacco, 54, 236 Tobago, 57, 235, 292 Ughoton, 254 Tobajaras, 217, 218, 221 United Brethren, 319, 450 Tobas, 274 United States, 503 Tocaurama, 292 Upper Guinea, 62, 257 Togo, 62 Upper Peru, 486, 502, 513, 515 Toledo, Francisco de, 203, 439 Urdiñola, Francisco de, 268 Tologalpa, 288 Uring, Nathaniel, 290 Toltecs, 139, 147 Usselinx, Willem, 56, 239 Tonapaca Viracochanpachayachicachan, 430 Tonti, Henri de, 144 Vadillo, Juan de, 175 Topac Inca, 154 Valdiva, Pedro de, 272

542 Index

Valera, Blas, 432 War of the Spanish Succession, 465 Van Young, Eric, 506 Wari (Huari), 151 Vandera, Carrió de la, 276, 327, 362, 384 Warnes, Ignacio, 514 Vararida, 127 Warri, 418, 419 Vargas, José de, 505 Warwick, Earl of, 55, 237 Varquecemeto, 127 Rich, Robert, 55 Vasquez de Espinosa, 285 Washington, George, 341, 475 Vaz, Bibiana, 259 Wassenaer, Nicholas van, 123 Vazquez, Francisco, 108 watercraft, 8 Vega, Gacilasco de la, 151, 432 Wawu, 76 Vega, Luis Laso de la, 427 Waxsees, 145 Velasco, Bernardo de, 515 werowance, 124, 125 Velho, Domingos Jorge, 224, 226, 326 Wesley, Charles, 451 Venezuela, 104, 105, 207, 278, 338 Wesley, John, 451 Venice, 43, 46 West Africa Company, Swedish, 57 Vera Cruz, 278 West Central Africa, 62 Veracruz, 511 West India Company, Dutch, 55, 56, 63 Veragua, 285 White, Richard, 307 Verapaz, 286 Whitefield, George, 451, 463 Verrazano, 8 Whydah, 64, 94, 257, 346, 388 Verrier, Jean le, 161 wiku, 105 Vespucci, Amerigo, 105 Wild Coast, 230, 235 Vicente, Fillipa, 223 Williams, George, 339 Vieira, António, 299 Williams, Roger, 121, 123, 364, 450, Vilaconga, 171 452 Vilcabamba, 174 William of Orange, 465 villages, slave, 246 Williamsburg, 372 Virapueiras, 217 Wingina, 125 Virgin Islands, 58, 62 Winslow, Edward, 122 Virgin Mary, 405, 409, 411, 413, 416, 427, Winter Counts, 271 442 Witch Craze, 408, 433 Virgin of Guadeloupe, 426, 429, 504 witchcraft, 407, 422 Virgin of Izamal, 428 Wittenburg, 401 Virginia, 233, 242, 475, 481 wives of the coast, 257 virtuoso, 365, 378 Women vision quest, 446 and slave trade, 66 Vistula River, 15 Wood, William, 364 Vivaldi, Antonio, 369 Wooma, Ofodobende, 98 Vivaldi brothers, 12 Wycliffe, John, 401 Viye, 77 Wyoming, Pennsylvania, 478 Vodu, 418, 460 von Zinzendorf, Ludwig, 454 Xaragua, 165 Vttapoingassinem, 124 Xarayas, 132, 377 Vucanim, King of Popo, 94 Xasso, 255 Xavier, Lucas, 300 Wahres Christentum, 449 Xichu, 505 Wahunsonacock, 125 Ximénez, Francisco, 429 Waitacá, 216 Xius, 138 Wambu, 77 Wangomend, 456 Yai, Bonaventure, 334 Wanks River, 289 Yamasee War, 311 War of the Barbarians, 304 Yamqui, Juan de Santacruz Pachacuti, 430 War of the Emboabas, 227 Yanga, 278 War of the Mascates, 225 Yapuris, 180

Index 543

Yaqui Revolt, 270 Zaque, 137 Yaquis, 270 Zeisberger, David, 455 Yorktown, Battle of, 478 Zela, Francisco Antonio de, 513 Yoruba, 340 zemi, 420 Ysalguier, Anselm d’, 19 Zempoala, 166, 167 Yucatán, 138, 169, 207, 208, 276, 286, 326, Zinzendorf, Nicholas Ludwig von, 450 427 Zipa, 137 Yucay Valley, 174 Zipoli, Domenico, 384 Yuchi, 310 Zizíspandáquare, 150 Yupanqui, 203 Zomé, 437, 440 Zorobabé, 218 Zacatecas, 264, 508 Zuaque, 441 Zambezi River, 63, 78 Zumárraga, Juan de, 425 Zambia, 62 Zwingli, Huldrych, 401