Research Team Acknowledgements

University of California, Berkeley This project would not have been possible without the enthusi- asm and assistance of a large number of individuals at various Magali Barbieri (Associate Director) institutions. Demographers and statisticians from around the Carl Boe world have contributed to this project by supplying data and/or Gabriel Mendes Borges expert advice for a particular country or area. We are grateful Monica Howlett for all their contributions. Celeste Winant Lisa Yang The HMD receives financial and logistical support from its two sponsoring institutions, the Department of Demography at the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) and the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research (MPIDR). The UCB Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research team receives financial support from the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the French Institute for Demographic Studies (INED), Vladimir Shkolnikov (Director) and it benefits from the supportive infrastructure of the Dmitri Jdanov NIA-funded Center on the Economics and Demography of Aging Domantas Jasilionis (CEDA) at UCB. Pavel Grigoriev Sigrid Gellers-Barkmann Sebastian Kluesener Human Contact Mortality [email protected] Former members of the core HMD team www.mortality.org Database John Wilmoth, HMD Founding Director (UN) www.mortality.org Dana Glei (Georgetown University, USA) Kirill Andreev (United Nations) University of California, Berkeley (UCB) 2232 Piedmont Ave Berkeley, CA 94720-2120 www.demog.berkeley.edu Free access to detailed mortality data Others who have worked for this project in the past include:

Mila Andreeva, Vladimir Canudas-Romo, Leo Deegan, Carolyn Hart, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research Marguerite Higa, Romano Lasker, Nadine Ouellette, Timothy Riffe, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 1 A joint project of Marian Rigney-Hawksworth, Pierre Vachon, Long Wang, Lijing 18057 Rostock, Germany Yan (all UCB), Evgeny Andreev, Michael Bubenheim, Rembrandt [email protected] Department of Demography Scholz, Guiping Liu, Dimiter Philipov, Eva Kibele (all MPIDR). www.demogr.mpg.de at the University of California Background Trends in life expectancy Countries

The Human Mortality Database (HMD) is the world´s leading data resource on Trends in life expectancy at birth by sex from 1970 to 2010 for HMD populations As of March 2016 the database contains detailed population and mortality data mortality in developed countries. More than 30,000 users worldwide have and population groups. for 38 countries (and some sub-populations): registered on the HMD website. The HMD was created to provide detailed mortality and population data to Country/ Area Period Life Tables Cohort Life Tables researchers, students, journalists, policy analysts, and others interested in the Australia 1921-2011 - 80 history of human longevity. The project began as an outgrowth of earlier projects Male Austria 1947-2014 - in the Department of Demography at the University of California, Berkeley, USA Belarus 1959-2014 - Belgium 1841-2012 - (UCB), and at the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research in Rostock, 75 Germany (MPIDR). Bulgaria 1947-2010 - Canada 1921-2011 - Chile 1992-2005 - We have followed four guiding principles in constructing this database: 70 Czech Republic 1950-2014 - comparability, flexibility, accessibility, and reproducibility. Denmark 1835-2011 1835-1920 Estonia 1959-2012 - 65 Types of data Finland 1878-2012 1878-1921 France 1816-2013 1816-1922 The HMD contains data for (mostly) national populations, including: Germany 1990-2013 - 60 Population exposures and death counts at the finest detail available East Germany 1956-2013 - Original calculations of death rates and life tables, in a variety of formats West Germany 1956-2013 - Greece 1981-2013 55 These indicators are computed on the basis of raw (input) data by means Hungary 1950-2009 - 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 of a uniform set of methods. The input data consist of: Iceland 1838-2013 1838-1922 Death counts from vital statistics Ireland 1950-2014 - Census counts Israel 1983-2014 - Birth counts 85 Female Italy 1872-2012 1872-1921 Japan 1947-2012 - Population estimates from various sources Latvia 1959-2013 - 80 Lithuania 1959-2013 - The HMD website Luxembourg 1960-2014 - Netherlands 1850-2012 1850-1921 You are welcome to download and analyze any data provided on 75 New Zealand 1948-2013 - www.mortality.org free of charge. New Zealand, Maori 1948-2013 - Example of country page: New Zealand, Non-Maori 1901-2013 - 70 Norway 1846-2014 1846-1923 Poland 1958-2014 - Portugal 1940-2012 - Individual populations Established 65 market economies Russia 1959-2014 - All populations Slovakia 1950-2014 - Central and Slovenia 1983-2014 - 60 Former Soviet Union Eastern Europe Spain 1908-2012 - Sweden 1751-2014 1751-1919 Switzerland 1876-2011 1876-1918 55 Taiwan 1970-2010 - 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 U.K. 1922-2013 - U.K., England & Wales 1841-2013 1841-1922 Source of the graph: U.K., Scotland 1855-2013 1855-1922 Data Resource Profile: The human Mortality Database. U.K., Northern Ireland 1922-2013 - Int. J. Epidemiol. (2015) doi: 10.1093/ije/dyv105 U.S.A. 1933-2013 - Ukraine 1959-2013 -