Juniperus Communis L.) in Estonia

Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc. 48: 73–84 (2011)

Diversity and distribution of aphyllophoroid fungi growing on Common Juniper (Juniperus communis L.) in Estonia

Indrek Sell1 & Heikki Kotiranta2 1Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 181 Riia Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia E-mail: [email protected] 2Finnish Environment Institute, P.O. Box 140, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: In the study we present a checklist of aphyllophoroid fungi growing on Juniperus communis in Estonia with the data of ecology, phenology and distribution. The paper summarizes results of study on 1026 specimens from fungus collections, and authors’ observations. There are 104 species of aphyllophoroid fungi recorded growing on junipers in Estonia, 56 of them have only been found once. The most frequent species can be claimed to bePeniophora junipericola, followed in its frequency by Amylostereum laevigatum, Hyphodontia juniperi, Hyphodontia alutaria, Basidioradulum crustosum and Hyphodontia arguta. Atheloderma mirabile and Sistotrema heteronemum can be considered among rare species, which have only been found once in Estonia (also they are growing on juniper). Two species are listed in threat categories of the Estonian Red List: Oxyporus philadelphi and Lindtneria trachyspora. The former one is also protected by law in Estonia. Kokkuvõte: Harilikul kadakal (Juniperus communis L.) kasvavate mittelehikseente mitmekesisus ja levik Eestis Esitatakse Eestis harilikul kadakal (Juniperus communis) kasvavate mittelehikseente nimestik koos ökoloogiliste, fenoloogiliste ja levikuliste andmetega. Kirjutises on kokku võetud 1026 herbaareksemplari uurimise tulemused ja vaatlused. Eestist on kadakatelt leitud kokku 104 liiki mittelehikseeni, neist 56 esinemist harilikul kadakal on meil täheldatud vaid korra. Kõige sagedasem kadakatel kasvav liik on kadakakirmik (Peniophora junipericola), sellele järgnevad Amylostereum laevigatum, Hyphodontia juniperi, Hyphodontia alutaria, Basidioradulum crustosum ja Hyphodontia arguta. Haruldasematest liikidest esinevad kadakal näiteks Atheloderma mirabile ja sistotreemi perekonda kuuluv liik Sistotrema heteronemum, mõlema esinemist on Eestis täheldatud vaid ühel korral. Kaks liiki, kadakatarjak (Oxyporus philadelphi) ja ogaeoseline ebapoorik (Lindtneria trachyspora), kuuluvad ka siinse Punase Nimestiku ohukategooriatesse, lisaks öeldule on kadakatarjak meil looduskaitse all.

INTRODUCTION Juniperus communis is in Estonia (and in the of corticioids in Finland is 422 (Kotiranta et al., other Baltic States) the only natural repre- 2009), while in Estonia it is slightly below 350. sentative of the family Cupressaceae. Juniperus Most of the collections have been gathered from communis has the largest distribution of all the Norway Spruce (Picea abies) or from European juniper species: it is the only one found in both Aspen (Populus tremula). Only some studies the Eastern and Western Hemispheres (Adams, (Parmasto & Parmasto, 1992; Sell et al., 2011) 2008). Almost 40 years ago, the area of juniper focus particularly on aphyllophoroid fungi stands in Estonia was approximately 100,000 growing on juniper in Estonia; these deal with hectares, most of them were situating in Saare- Peniophora junipericola. However, any up-to- maa Island (Kaar, 1965). However, this number date checklist of aphyllophoroid fungi growing may be overvalued and nowadays the situation on Juniperus communis in Estonia has not been has changed: some of the areas are forests now. published. The aim of the present study is to According to recent data, this area is about give an overview on the diversity and distribution 10,000 hectares (Kukk & Sammul, 2006). of aphyllophoroid fungi growing on Juniperus communis in Estonia. The present article deals with two important life forms of aphyllophoroid macrofungi, including polypores and corticioids. 211 species of poly- MATERIALS AND METHODS pores are known to grow in Estonia (Parmasto, The study is based on specimens preserved 2004). The number is slightly higher in Finland, at the fungal collection of the Institute of Ag- viz. 230 species (Niemelä, 2005). The number 74 Folia Cryptog. Estonica ricultural and Environmental Sciences of the LIST OF SPECIES Estonian University of Life Sciences (TAAM) Amphinema byssoides (Pers.) J. Erikss. and on the reference fungal collection of Heikki 46 records from Juniperus communis. Kotiranta (H. K.). The conventional methods for Basidiocarps seen from July to November; in the mycological field work and light microscopy eutrophic alvar forests, eutrophic alvar juniper were used. The decay stage of the juniper twigs shrublands, oligotrophic boreal heath forests, was estimated using a Renvall’s (1995) five-point Oligo-mesotrophic boreal forests, mesotrophic scale modified by Sell et al. (2011). Forest types boreal forests; in Hiiu, Järva, Lääne, Lääne-Viru, were classified according to the Estonian forest Põlva, Pärnu, Saare, Tartu, Võru Counties. site type grops (Paal, 1997; Lõhmus, 2004). Substrate diametre: 0.2–4.5 cm (average 2.1 However, eutrophic alvar forests were divided cm, N=39). into two groups: eutrophic alvar forests and Decay stages: 1 (66.7%), 2 (25.6%), 3 (5.1%), 4 eutrophic alvar juniper shrublands. Also oligo- (2.6%), N=39. trophic boreal heath forests were divided into two groups: oligotrophic boreal heath forests Amylocorticellum cremeoisabellinum (Litsch.) and oligotrophic boreal heath juniper shrub- Spirin & Zmitr. lands. The collections and observations originate Single record from Juniperus communis. from the following forest type groups: Basidiocarps seen in October; in Lääne-Viru eutrophic alvar forests; County. eutrophic alvar juniper shrublands; Voucher specimen studied: TAAM 009643. oligotrophic boreal heath forests; Amylocorticellum molle (Fr.) Spirin & Zmitr. oligotrophic boreal heath juniper shrublands; Single record from Juniperus communis. oligo-mesotrophic boreal forests; Basidiocarps seen in September; in eutrophic mesotrophic boreal forests; alvar juniper shrubland; in Hiiu County. eutrophic boreo-nemoral forests; Substrate diametre: 6.0 cm (N=1). eutrophic paludified forests; Decay stage: 3 (N=1). oligotrophic paludified forests. Voucher specimen studied: HK 21916. The taxa in the species list are arranged in al- Amylostereum laevigatum (Fr.) Boidin phabetic order. Nomenclature follows the Index 110 records from Juniperus communis. Fungorum (4 May 2011). The following data is Basidiocarps seen from May to November; in given on each species: Latin name, data on the eutrophic alvar forests, eutrophic alvar juniper ecology, phenology, distribution and references shrublands, oligotrophic boreal heath forests, to the specimens available in the fungal collec- oligo-mesotrophic boreal forests and mesotroph- tions of TAAM or H. K. (reference fungal collec- ic boreal forests; in Harju, Hiiu, Järva, Lääne, tion of Heikki Kotiranta). Lääne-Viru, Põlva, Pärnu, Rapla, Saare, Tartu, Valga, Viljandi, Võru Counties. RESULTS Substrate diametre: 0.3–6.0 cm (average 3.0 cm, N=29). Altogether 1026 collections and observations Decay stages: 1 (64.5%), 2 (25.8%), 3 (6.5%), were obtained in the study. 104 species were de- 4 (3.2%). tected from Estonia; of them 56 species (53.8%) were found only once growing on juniper, and 12 Athelia epiphylla Pers. species (11.5%) were discovered twice. Single record from Juniperus communis. Basidiocarps seen in November; in oligotrophic 74 rare species (1–3 specimens or observations boreal heath forest; in Lääne-Viru County. per species) make up 71.1% of all the species Substrate diametre: 0.1 cm (N=1). and 9.8% of all the observations, whereas 15 Decay stage: 1 (N=1). common species (over 10 observations) form Voucher specimen studied: HK 21516. 81.9% and the rest of the species (4–10 observations) 8.3%, respectively. The six common Athelia pyriformis (M.P. Christ.) Jülich species include 61.9% of all observations. Single record from Juniperus communis. Basidiocarps seen in September; in eutrophic alvar juniper shrubland; in Hiiu County. 75

Substrate diametre: 3.0 cm (N=1). Basidiocarps seen from July to November, once Decay stage: 1 (N=1). in May; in eutrophic alvar forests, eutrophic Voucher specimen studied: HK 21914. alvar juniper shrublands, oligotrophic boreal heath forests, oligo-mesotrophic boreal forests Atheloderma mirabile Parmasto and mesotrophic boreal forests; in Harju, Hiiu, Single record from Juniperus communis. Lääne, Lääne-Viru, Rapla, Saare, Võru Counties. Basidiocarps seen in September; in eutrophic Substrate diametre: 0.3–7.0 cm (average 1.8 alvar forest; in Rapla County. cm, N=46). Voucher specimen studied: TAAM 196155. Decay stages: 1 (63.6%), 2 (27.3%), 3 (4.5%), 4 Athelopsis glaucina (Bourdot & Galzin) Oberw. (4.5%), N=44. ex Parmasto Bjerkandera adusta (Willd.) P. Karst. Single record from Juniperus communis. 3 records from Juniperus communis. Basidiocarps seen in October; in eutrophic alvar Basidiocarps seen in October; in eutrophic alvar juniper shrubland; in Saare County. juniper shrublands; in Lääne County. Substrate diametre: 2.0 cm (N=1). Substrate diametre: 6.0 cm (N=1). Decay stage: 3 (N=1). Voucher specimens studied: TAAM 006957, Voucher specimen studied: HK 21128. TAAM 158351, TAAM 196581. Basidiodendron pini (H.S. Jacks. & G.W. Martin) Botryobasidium candicans J. Erikss. Luck-Allen Single record from Juniperus communis. Single record from Juniperus communis. Basidiocarps seen in September; in Rapla Basidiocarps seen in September; in eutrophic County. alvar forest; in Lääne County. Voucher specimen studied: TAAM 153639. Substrate diametre: 1.5 cm (N=1). Decay stage: 3 (N=1). Bortyobasidium subcoronatum (Höhn. & Litsch.) Voucher specimens studied: HK 21721. Donk Single record from Juniperus communis. Basidiodendron radians (Rick) P. Roberts Basidiocarps seen in September; in Järva 2 records from Juniperus communis. County. Basidiocarps seen in November; in oligotrophic Voucher specimen studied: TAAM 164641. boreal heath forests; in Lääne-Viru County. Substrate diametre: 2.0–3.0 cm (average 2.5 Botryobasidium vagum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) cm, N=2). D.P. Rogers Decay stages: 1 (100%), 2 (0%), 3 (0%), 4 (0%), 6 records from Juniperus communis. N=2. Basidiocarps seen from August to September; Voucher specimens studied: HK 21512, HK in mesotrophic boreal forests; in Lääne, Saare, 21526. Tartu and Valga Counties. Substrate diametre: 1.4–1.5 cm (average 1.5 Basidiodendron rimosum (H.S. Jacks. & G.W. cm, N=2). Martin) Luck-Allen Decay stages: 1 (100%), 2 (0%), 3 (0%), 4 (0%), 2 records from Juniperus communis. N=1. Basidiocarps seen from October to November; Voucher specimens studied: TAAM 152705, in eutrophic alvar juniper shrublands; in Harju TAAM 153705, TAAM 167224, TAAM 167362, and Lääne Counties. TAAM 167364, TAAM 167837. Substrate diametre: 1.5–2.5 cm (average 2.0 cm, N=2). Brevicellicium olivascens (Bres.) K.H. Larss. & Decay stages: 1 (0%), 2 (50.0%), 3 (0%), 4 Hjortstam (50.0%), N=2. 9 records from Juniperus communis. Voucher specimens studied: HK 21205, TAAM Basidiocarps seen from July to October; in 196086. eutrophic alvar juniper shrublands and oligotrophic boreal heath forests; in Harju, Hiiu, Basidioradulum crustosum (Pers.) Zmitr., Maly- Lääne-Viru and Saare Counties. sheva & Hjortstam Substrate diametre: 0.5–4.0 cm (average 2.2 54 records from Juniperus communis. cm, N=7). 76 Folia Cryptog. Estonica

Decay stages: 1 (14.3%), 2 (14.3%), 3 (71.4%), Substrate diametre: 2.0–7.0 cm (average 3.4 4 (9.1%), N=7. cm, N=11). Voucher specimens studied: TAAM 052942, Decay stages: 1 (36.4%), 2 (27.3%), 3 (27.3%), TAAM 105833, TAAM 196080 (HK 21478), TAAM 4 (9.1%), N=11. 196090 (HK 21491), TAAM 196094 (HK 21497), Coniophora olivacea (Fr.) P. Karst. HK 21498, HK 21512, HK 21943. 2 records from Juniperus communis. Cabalodontia cretacea (Romell ex Bourdot & Basidiocarps seen in September; in mesotrophic Galzin) Piątek boreal forests; in Hiiu County. Single record from Juniperus communis. Substrate diametre: 2.5–4.0 cm (average 3.3 Basidiocarps seen in September; in oligotrophic cm, N=2). boreal heath forest; in Saare County. Decay stages: 1 (0%), 2 (50.0%), 3 (50.0%), 4 Voucher specimen studied: TAAM 174226. (0%), N=2. Voucher specimens studied: HK 21928, HK Ceraceomyces serpens (Tode) Ginns 21929. 2 records from Juniperus communis. Basidiocarps seen in October to November; in Coniophora puteana (Schumach.) P. Karst. oligo-mesotrophic boreal forest; in Järva and Single record from Juniperus communis. Põlva Counties. Basidiocarps seen in September; in eutrophic Substrate diametre: 2.5 cm (N=1). alvar juniper shrubland; in Hiiu County. Decay stages: 1 (100%), 2 (0%), 3 (0%), 4 (0%), Substrate diametre: 3.0 cm (N=1). N=1. Decay stage: 3 (N=1). Voucher specimens studied: TAAM 164923, Voucher specimen studied: HK 21902. TAAM 201110. Conohypha albocremea (Höhn. & Litsch.) Jülich Ceraceomyces eludens K.H. Larss. Single record from Juniperus communis. Single record from Juniperus communis. Basidiocarps seen in September; in Rapla Basidiocarps seen in September; in Harju County. County. Voucher specimen studied: TAAM 153648. Voucher specimen studied: TAAM 153733. Corticium confine Bourdot & Galzin Ceratobasidium cornigerum (Bourdot) D.P. Rog- 5 records from Juniperus communis. ers Basidiocarps seen from September to October; in Single record from Juniperus communis. mesotrophic boreal forests and oligotrophic bo- Basidiocarps seen in September; in oligotrophic real heath forests; in Lääne and Saare Counties. boreal heath forest; in Pärnu County. Substrate diametre: 1.5–4.0 cm (average 2.5 Substrate diametre: 3.0 cm (N=1). cm, N=5). Decay stage: 1 (N=1). Decay stages: 1 (0%), 2 (60%), 3 (40%), 4 (0%), Voucher specimen studied: HK 21657. N=5. Voucher specimens studied: HK 21061, HK Ceriporiopsis mucida (Pers.) Gilb. & Ryvarden 21069, HK 21958, HK 21972. 2 records from Juniperus communis. Basidiocarps seen in May and November; in Cristinia helvetica (Pers.) Parm. eutrophic alvar forests; in Saare and Rapla Single record from Juniperus communis. Counties. Basidiocarps seen in August; in Saare County. Voucher specimens studied: TAAM 003391, Voucher specimen studied: TAAM 167937. TAAM 101366. Globulicium hyemale (Laurila) Hjortstam Coniophora arida (Fr.) P. Karst. Single record from Juniperus communis. 12 records from Juniperus communis. Basidiocarps seen in August; Valga County. Basidiocarps seen from August to October; in Voucher specimen studied: TAAM 167838. eutrophic alvar juniper shrublands, oligotrophic Gloeocystidiellum porosum (Berk. & M.A. Cur- boreal heath forests, mesotrophic boreal for- tis) Donk ests and eutrophic paludifying forests; in Hiiu, Single record from Juniperus communis. Lääne, Saare Counties. 77

Basidiocarps seen in October; in mesotrophic shrublands, mesotrophic boreal forests and boreal forest; in Tartu County. eutrophic boreo-nemoral forests; in Harju, Hiiu, Voucher specimen studied: TAAM 007111. Lääne, Lääne-Viru, Rapla, Saare Counties. Substrate diametre: 0.5–7.0 cm (average 2.2 Gloiothele citrina (Pers.) Ginns & G.W. Freeman cm, N=48). 28 records from Juniperus communis. Decay stages: 1 (53.8%), 2 (32.7%), 3 (13.5%), Basidiocarps seen from August to November; in 4 (0%), N=52. eutrophic alvar forests, eutrophic alvar juniper shrublands, oligotrophic boreal heath forests, Hyphodontia aspera (Fr.) J. Erikss. oligo-mesotrophic boreal forests, mesotrophic 3 records from Juniperus communis. boreal forests, eutrophic paludifying forests; in Basidiocarps seen in September; in eutrophic Hiiu, Põlva, Saare Counties. alvar forests; in Hiiu County. Substrate diametre: 1.0–9.0 cm (average 3.6 Substrate diametre: 5.0–7.0 cm (average 6.0 cm, N=24). cm, N=3). Decay stages: 1 (52.0%), 2 (24.0%), 3 (16.0%), Decay stages: 1 (66.7%), 2 (33.3%), 3 (0%), 4 4 (8.0%), N=25. (0%), N=3. Voucher specimens studied: TAAM 196194, Heterobasidium annosum (Fr.) Bref. TAAM 196195, TAAM 196199. 7 records from Juniperus communis. Basidiocarps seen from September to Novem- Hyphodontia borealis Kotir. & Saaren. ber; in oligo-mesotrophic boreal forests and 2 records from Juniperus communis. eutrophic alvar forests; in Põlva, Saare and Basidiocarps seen in November; in oligotrophic Võru Counties. boreal heath forest and oligo-mesotrophic boreal Voucher specimens studied: TAAM 101913, forest; in Lääne-Viru and Põlva Counties. TAAM 180295, TAAM 201134, TAAM 201142, Substrate diametre: 0.5–2.0 cm (average 1.3 TAAM 201143, TAAM 201144. cm, N=2). Decay stages: 1 (100%), 2 (0%), 3 (0%), 4 (0%), Hydnocristella himantia (Schwein.) R.H. Petersen N=2. Single record from Juniperus communis. Voucher specimens studied: HK 21522, TAAM Basidiocarps seen in October; in Tartu County. 201120. Voucher specimen studied: TAAM 118202. Hyphodontia breviseta (P. Karst.) J. Erikss. Hyphoderma argillaceum (Bres.) Donk 4 records from Juniperus communis. Single record from Juniperus communis. Basidiocarps seen from September to October; Basidiocarps seen in September; in eutrophic in mesotrophic boreal forests and oligo-meso- alvar forest; in Rapla County. trophic boreal forests; in Harju, Hiiu, Järva and Voucher specimen studied: TAAM 153651. Saare Counties. Hyphodontia alutaria (Burt.) J. Erikss. Substrate diametre: 1.5–3.5 cm (average 2.5 57 records from Juniperus communis. cm, N=2). Basidiocarps seen from September to November, Decay stages: 1 (50.0%), 2 (50.0%), 3 (0%), 4 also in July; in eutrophic alvar forests, eutrophic (0%), N=2. alvar juniper shrublands, oligotrophic boreal Voucher specimens studied: TAAM 164643, heath forests, mesotrophic boreal forests and TAAM 164808, HK 21085, HK 21953. once in oligotrophic bog forests; in Harju, Hiiu, Hyphodontia cineracea (Bourdot & Galzin) J. Lääne, Saare Counties. Erikss. & Hjortstam Substrate diametre: 0.5–6.0 cm (average 2.2 3 records from Juniperus communis. cm, N=55). Basidiocarps seen from September to October; Decay stages: 1 (54.5%), 2 (38.2%), 3 (7.3%), 4 in eutrophic alvar juniper shrublands; in Järva (0%), N=55. and Saare Counties. Hyphodontia arguta (Fr.) J. Erikss. Substrate diametre: 2.0 cm (N=1). 53 records from Juniperus communis. Decay stages: 1 (0%), 2 (50.0%), 3 (50.0%), 4 Basidiocarps seen from July to November; in (0%), N=2. eutrophic alvar forests, eutrophic alvar juniper Voucher specimens studied: TAAM 164608, shrublands, oligotrophic boreal heath juniper TAAM 164742, HK 21161. 78 Folia Cryptog. Estonica

Hyphodontia erastii Kotir. & Saaren. Hyphodontia sambuci (Pers.) J. Erikss. 8 records from Juniperus communis. 30 records from Juniperus communis. Basidiocarps seen in November; in eutrophic Basidiocarps seen from September to Novem- alvar juniper shrublands and oligotrophic ber, also collected in May; in eutrophic alvar boreal heath forests; in Harju and Lääne-Viru forests and eutrophic alvar juniper shrublands; Counties. in Harju, Hiiu, Lääne, Saare, Tartu Counties. Substrate diametre: 0.3–2.0 cm (average 0.7 Substrate diametre: 0.2–6.0 cm (average 1.8 cm, N=8). cm, N=29). Decay stages: 1 (75.0%), 2 (25.0%), 3 (0%), 4 Decay stages: 1 (50.0%), 2 (39.3%), 3 (10.7%), (0%), N=8. 4 (0%), N=28. Voucher specimens studied: TAAM 196085 Hyphodontia subalutacea (P. Karst.) J. Erikss. (HK 21486), TAAM 196091 (HK 21492), TAAM Single record from Juniperus communis. 196093 (HK 21493), HK 21496, HK 21499, HK Basidiocarps seen in September; in Rapla 21503, HK 21521, HK 21523. County. Hyphodontia halonata J. Erikss. & Hjortstam Voucher specimen studied: TAAM 153642. Single record from Juniperus communis. Hypochniciellum ovoideum (Jülich) Hjortstam & Basidiocarps seen in September; in oligotrophic Ryvarden boreal heath forest; in Hiiu County Single record from Juniperus communis. Substrate diametre: 3.5 cm (N=1). Basidiocarps seen in September; in eutrophic Decay stage: 1 (N=1). alvar juniper shrubland; in Hiiu County. Voucher specimen studied: HK 21959. Substrate diametre: 0.5 cm (N=1). Hyphodontia hastata (Litsch.) & J. Erikss. Decay stage: 4 (N=1). 2 records from Juniperus communis. Voucher specimen studied: HK 21994. Basidiocarps seen from September to November; Hypochnicium eichleri (Bres. ex Sacc. & P. Syd) in oligotrophic boreal heath forests; in Hiiu and J. Erikss. & Ryvarden Põlva Counties. Single record from Juniperus communis. Substrate diametre: 3.5 cm (N=1). Basidiocarps seen in November; in oligo-meso- Decay stages: 1 (100%), 2 (0%), 3 (0%), 4 (0%), trophic boreal forest; in Põlva County N=1. Substrate diametre: 3.0 cm (N=1). Voucher specimens studied: HK 21952, TAAM Decay stage: 1 (N=1). 069658. Voucher specimen studied: TAAM 201131. Hyphodontia juniperi (Bourdot & Galzin) J. Hypochnicium lundellii (Bourdot) J. Erikss. Erikss. & Hjortstam Single record from Juniperus communis. 59 records from Juniperus communis. Basidiocarps seen in October; in mesotrophic Basidiocarps seen from August to November; in boreal forest; in Saare County. eutrophic alvar forests, eutrophic alvar juniper Substrate diametre: 0.4 cm (N=1). shrublands, oligotrophic boreal heath forests Decay stage: 1 (N=1). and mesotrophic boreal forests; in Harju, Hiiu, Voucher specimen studied: HK 21091. Lääne, Lääne-Viru, Saare Counties. Substrate diametre: 0.5–6.0 cm (average 2.3 Intextomyces contiguus (P. Karst.) Erikss. & cm, N=52). Ryvarden Decay stages: 1 (53.8%), 2 (32.7%), 3 (13.5%), Single record from Juniperus communis. 4 (0%), N=52. Basidiocarps seen in July; in Lääne County. Voucher specimen studied: TAAM 152396. Hyphodontia pallidula (Bres.) J. Erikss. Single record from Juniperus communis. Leptosporomyces galzinii (Bourdot) Jülich Basidiocarps seen in September; in mesotrophic 7 records from Juniperus communis. boreal forest; in Hiiu County. Basidiocarps seen from September to November; Substrate diametre: 4.0 cm (N=1). in mesotrophic boreal forests, oligotrophic bo- Decay stage: 3 (N=1). real heath forests, eutrophic alvar forests and Voucher specimen studied: HK 22014. oligo-mesotrophic boreal forests; in Hiiu, Lääne, Lääne-Viru, Põlva and Saare Counties. 79

Substrate diametre: 0.5–3.0 cm (average 1.4 Oxyporus philadelphi (Parmasto) Ryvarden cm, N=5). 28 records from Juniperus communis. Decay stages: 1 (75.0%), 2 (25.0%), 3 (0%), 4 Basidiocarps seen from July to October; in (0%), N=4. eutrophic alvar forests, eutrophic alvar juni- Voucher specimens studied: TAAM 167363, per shrublands and oligotrophic boreal heath TAAM 167371, TAAM 167387, TAAM 196530, forests; in Harju, Hiiu, Lääne, Saare Counties. TAAM 201103, HK 21520, HK 21965. Substrate diametre: 0.5–6.0 cm (average 2.2 cm, N=20). Leucogyrophana romellii Ginns Decay stages: 1 (40.0%), 2 (45.0%), 3 (10.0%), Single record from Juniperus communis 4 (5.0%), N=20. Basidiocarps seen in November; in eutrophic alvar juniper shrubland; in Harju County. Peniophora junipericola J. Erikss. Substrate diametre: 2.0 cm (N=1). 302 records from Juniperus communis. Decay stage: 2 (N=1). Collected in January, from April to November; in Voucher specimen studied: HK 21509. eutrophic alvar forests, eutrophic alvar juniper shrublands, oligotrophic boreal heath forests Litschauerella clematitis (Bourdot & Galzin) J. and mesotrophic boreal forests; in Harju, Järva, Erikss. & Ryvarden Lääne, Lääne-Viru, Pärnu, Rapla, Saare, Tartu, 5 records from Juniperus communis. Viljandi Counties. Basidiocarps seen from July to November; Substrate diametre: 0.2–5.0 cm (average 1.1 in eutrophic alvar juniper shrublands, oligo- cm, N=291). trophic boreal heath juniper shrublands and Decay stages: 1 (60.4%), 2 (28.7%), 3 (9.6%), mesotrophic boreal forests; in Harju, Lääne and 4 (1.4%). Saare Counties. Substrate diametre: 1.0–2.0 cm (average 1.4 Peniophora pithya J. Erikss. cm, N=4). Single record from Juniperus communis. Decay stages: 1 (0%), 2 (100%), 3 (0%), 4 (0%), Basidiocarps seen in September; in eutrophic N=4. alvar forest; in Hiiu County. Voucher specimens studied: TAAM 166475, HK Substrate diametre: 3.5 cm (N=1). 21105, HK 21117, HK 21209, HK 21500. Decay stage: 1 (N=1). Voucher specimen studied: HK 22006. Melzericium udicola (Bourdot) Hauerslev Single record from Juniperus communis. Peniophorella pallida (Bres.) K.H. Larss. Basidiocarps seen in May; in Harju County. 2 records from Juniperus communis. Voucher specimen studied: TAAM 153897. Basidiocarps seen in September; in eutrophic alvar juniper shrubland; in Hiiu County. Metulodontia nivea (P. Karst.) Parmasto Substrate diametre: 3.0 cm (average 3.0 cm, Single record from Juniperus communis. N=2). Basidiocarps seen in October; in mesotrophic Decay stages: 1 (0%), 2 (50%), 3 (50%), 4 (0%), boreal forest; in Lääne-Viru County. N=2. Voucher specimen studied: TAAM 04996. Voucher specimens studied: HK 21903, HK Mycolindtneria trachyspora (Bourdot & Galzin) 21910. Rauschert Peniophorella praetermissa (Bres.) K.H. Larss. 4 records from Juniperus communis. 4 records from Juniperus communis. Basidiocarps seen from September to October; Basidiocarps seen from August to November; in in eutrophic alvar juniper shrublands; in Lääne eutrophic alvar juniper shrublands; in Harju, and Saare Counties. Hiiu, Lääne and Saare Counties. Substrate diametre: 1.0–1.5 cm (average 1.3 Substrate diametre: 1.5–7.0 cm (average 4.5 cm, N=3). cm, N=3). Decay stages: 1 (66.7%), 2 (33.3%), 3 (0%), 4 Decay stages: 1 (33.3%), 2 (33.3%), 3 (0%), 4 (0%), N=3. (33.3%), N=3. Voucher specimens studied: TAAM 180280, HK Voucher specimens studied: TAAM 174077, 21208, HK 21214, HK 21220. TAAM 196089 (HK 21490), TAAM 196170. 80 Folia Cryptog. Estonica

Peniophorella pubera (Fr.) P. Karst. Basidiocarps seen in November; in oligo-meso- 3 records from Juniperus communis. trophic boreal forest; in Põlva County Basidiocarps seen from September to Novem- Substrate diametre: 4.5 cm (N=1). ber; in eutrophic alvar juniper shrublands and Decay stage: 1 (N=1). mesotrophic boreal forests; in Harju, Pärnu and Voucher specimen studied: TAAM 201140. Saare Counties. Porotheleum fimbriatum (Pers.) Fr. Substrate diametre: 2.0–3.0 cm (average 2.5 Single record from Juniperus communis. cm, N=2). Basidiocarps seen in September; in eutrophic Decay stages: 1 (0%), 2 (50.0%), 3 (50.0%), 4 alvar forest; in Lääne-Viru County. (0%), N=2. Voucher specimen studied: TAAM 196122. Voucher specimens studied: TAAM 153748, HK 21067, HK 21505. Postia caesia (Schrad.) P. Karst. 4 records from Juniperus communis. Phanerochaete sordida (P. Karst.) J. Erikss. & Basidiocarps seen from August to October; in Ryvarden mesotrophic boreal forests; in Hiiu and Saare 2 records from Juniperus communis. Counties. Basidiocarps seen in June and September; in Substrate diametre: 2.0–3.0 cm (average 2.3 oligo-mesotrophic boreal forest and eutrophic cm, N=3). paludifying forest; in Saare and Põlva Counties. Decay stages: 1 (0%), 2 (33.3%), 3 (33.3%), 4 Substrate diametre: 0.9 cm (N=1). (33.3%), N=3. Decay stages: 1 (100%), 2 (0%), 3 (0%), 4 (0%), Voucher specimens studied: TAAM 167792, HK N=1. 21089, HK 22018. Voucher specimens studied: TAAM 154288, TAAM 153977. Postia fragilis (Fr.) Jülich Single record from Juniperus communis. Phlebia serialis (Fr.) Donk Basidiocarps seen in October; in eutrophic alvar Single record from Juniperus communis. juniper shrubland; in Saare County. Basidiocarps seen in September; in Tartu Substrate diametre: 4.0 cm (N=1). County. Decay stage: 2 (N=1). Voucher specimen studied: TAAM 167227. Voucher specimen studied: HK 21132. Phylloporia ribis (Schumach.) Ryvarden Postia hibernica (Berk & Broome) Jülich Single record from Juniperus communis. Single record from Juniperus communis. Basidiocarps seen in July; in Lääne County. Basidiocarps seen in September; in oligotrophic Voucher specimen studied: TAAM 095657. boreal heath forest; in Saare County. Piloderma byssinum (P. Karst.) Jülich Voucher specimen studied: TAAM 174223. 11 records from Juniperus communis. Postia sericeomollis (Romell) Jülich Basidiocarps seen from August to November; in 3 records from Juniperus communis. eutrophic alvar juniper shrublands, oligotrophic Basidiocarps seen from July to October; in eu- boreal heath forests and oligo-mesotrophic trophic alvar juniper shrublands and eutrophic boreal forests; in Hiiu, Saare, Tartu and Võru alvar forests; in Harju, Lääne and Saare Coun- Counties. ties. Substrate diametre: 0.5–6.5 cm (average 3.1 Substrate diametre: 6.0 cm (N=1). cm, N=7). Decay stages: 1 (66.7%), 2 (33.3%), 3 (0%), 4 Decay stages: 1 (100%), 2 (0%), 3 (0%), 4 (0%), (0%), N=3. N=7. Voucher specimens studied: TAAM 100265, Voucher specimens studied: HK 21952, HK TAAM 184380, HK 21726. 21955, HK 21979, TAAM 166936, TAAM 167874, TAAM 169168, TAAM 201147, TAAM Radulomyces confluens (Fr.) M.P. Christ. 201151, TAAM 201156, TAAM 201157. 17 records from Juniperus communis. Basidiocarps seen from August to November; Piloderma lanatum (Jülich) J. Erikss. & Hjort- in eutrophic alvar juniper shrublands, oligo- stam mesotrophic boreal forests, oligotrophic boreal Single record from Juniperus communis. heath forests and mesotrophic boreal forests; 81 in Harju, Hiiu, Lääne, Lääne-Viru, Põlva, Saare, boreal heath forest; in Pärnu County. Tartu, Võru Counties. Substrate diametre: 2.0 cm (N=1). Substrate diametre: 1.0–6.0 cm (average 2.4 Decay stage: 1 (N=1). cm, N=17). Voucher specimen studied: HK 21714. Decay stages: 1 (71.4%), 2 (14.3%), 3 (0%), 4 Sistotrema octosporum (J. Schröt. ex Höhn. & (14.3%), N=14. Litsch.) Hallenberg Resinicium bicolor (Alb. & Schwein.) Parmasto Single record from Juniperus communis. 22 records from Juniperus communis. Basidiocarps seen in November; in oligotrophic Basidiocarps seen from August to November; boreal heath forest; in Lääne-Viru County. in eutrophic alvar juniper shrublands, oligo- Substrate diametre: 0.2 cm (N=1). mesotrophic boreal forests, oligotrophic boreal Decay stage: 1 (N=1). heath forests and mesotrophic boreal forests; Voucher specimen studied: HK 21515. in Harju, Hiiu, Lääne, Lääne-Viru, Põlva, Saare, Sistotremella perpusilla Hjortstam Tartu, Võru Counties. Single record from Juniperus communis. Substrate diametre: 1.0–8.0 cm (average 3.1 Basidiocarps seen in October; in eutrophic alvar cm, N=15). juniper shrubland; in Saare County. Decay stages: 1 (71.4%), 2 (14.3%), 3 (0%), 4 Substrate diametre: 0.7 cm (N=1). (14.3%), N=14. Decay stage: 3 (N=1). Sebacina incrustans (Pers.) Tul. & C. Tul. Voucher specimen studied: HK 21106. Single record from Juniperus communis. Steccherinum fimbriatum (Pers.) J. Erikss. Basidiocarps seen in September; in eutrophic Single record from Juniperus communis. boreo-nemoral forest; in Hiiu County Basidiocarps seen in September; in mesotrophic Substrate diametre: 2.0 cm (N=1). boreal forest; in Hiiu County. Decay stage: 1 (N=1). Substrate diametre: 4.0 cm (N=1). Voucher specimen studied: TAAM 196475. Decay stage: 3 (N=1). Sistotrema alboluteum (Bourdot & Galzin) Bon Voucher specimen studied: HK 21927. dartsev & Singer Stypella dubia (Bourdot & Galzin) P. Roberts Single record from Juniperus communis. Single record from Juniperus communis. Basidiocarps seen in November; in oligo-meso- Basidiocarps seen in October; in eutrophic alvar trophic boreal forest; in Põlva County. juniper shrubland; in Saare County. Substrate diametre: 4.0 cm (N=1). Substrate diametre: 1.5 cm (N=1). Decay stage: 1 (N=1). Decay stage: 1 (N=1). Voucher specimen studied: TAAM 201106. Voucher specimen studied: HK 21007. Sistotrema brinkmannii (Bres.) J. Erikss. Subulicium lautum (H.S. Jacks.) Hjortstam & Single record from Juniperus communis. Ryvarden Basidiocarps seen in October; in mesotrophic Single record from Juniperus communis. boreal forest; in Saare County. Basidiocarps seen in September; in oligotrophic Substrate diametre: 2.0 cm (N=1). boreal heath forest; in Pärnu County. Decay stage: 1 (N=1). Substrate diametre: 2.0 cm (N=1). Voucher specimen studied: HK 21060. Decay stage: 1 (N=1). Sistotrema efibulatum (J. Erikss.) Hjortstam Voucher specimen studied: HK 21712. Single record from Juniperus communis. Thanatephorus fusisporus (J. Schröt.) Hauerslev Basidiocarps seen in October; in eutrophic alvar & P. Roberts juniper shrubland; in Lääne County. 13 records from Juniperus communis. Substrate diametre: 1.5 cm (N=1). Basidiocarps seen from August to November; in Decay stage: 1 (N=1). eutrophic alvar juniper shrublands and meso- Voucher specimen studied: HK 21204. trophic boreal forests; in Harju, Hiiu, Lääne, Sistotrema muscicola (Pers.) S. Lundell Saare Counties. Single record from Juniperus communis. Substrate diametre: 1.0–5.0 cm (average 2.0 Basidiocarps seen in September; in oligotrophic cm, N=12). 82 Folia Cryptog. Estonica

Decay stages: 1 (50.0%), 2 (41.7%), 3 (8.3%), 4 Trechispora stevensonii (Berk. & Broome) K.H. (0%), N=12. Larss. Single record from Juniperus communis. Trametes hirsuta (Wulfen) Lloyd Basidiocarps seen in October; in mesotrophic 2 records from Juniperus communis. boreal forest; in Saare County. Basidiocarps seen in September; in eutrophic Substrate diametre: 1.5 cm (N=1). alvar juniper shrublands; in Hiiu Counties. Decay stage: 1 (N=1). Substrate diametre: 8.0 cm (average 8.0 cm, Voucher specimen studied: HK 21066. N=2). Decay stages: 1 (100%), 2 (0%), 3 (0%), 4 (0%), Trechispora tenuicola (Litsch.) K.H. Larss. N=2. Single record from Juniperus communis. Voucher specimen studied: HK 21922. Basidiocarps seen in September; in oligotrophic boreal heath forest; in Pärnu County. Trechinothus smardae (Pilát) E.C. Martini & Substrate diametre: 0.3 cm (N=1). Trichies Decay stage: 3 (N=1). 4 records from Juniperus communis. Voucher specimen studied: HK 21699. Basidiocarps seen from September to October; in eutrophic alvar juniper shrublands and Tubulicrinis calothrix (Pat.) Donk mesotrophic boreal forests; in Hiiu, Lääne and Single record from Juniperus communis. Saare Counties. Basidiocarps seen in September; in eutrophic Substrate diametre: 0.5–6.0 cm (average 2.5 paludifying forest; in Saare County. cm, N=3). Voucher specimen studied: TAAM 167392. Decay stages: 1 (50%), 2 (25%), 3 (0%), 4 (25%), Tubulicrinis confusus K.H. Larss. & Hjortstam N=4. Single record from Juniperus communis. Voucher specimens studied: TAAM 196584, HK Basidiocarps seen in September; in eutrophic 21167, HK 21170, HK 21926. alvar forest; in Rapla County. Trechispora byssinella (Bourdot) Liberta Voucher specimen studied: TAAM 153658. Single record from Juniperus communis. Tubulicrinis medius (Bourdot & Galzin) Oberw. Basidiocarps seen in November; in oligo-meso- Single record from Juniperus communis. trophic boreal forest; in Põlva County. Basidiocarps seen in August; in mesotrophic Substrate diametre: 5.0 cm (N=1). boreal forest; in Saare County. Decay stage: 1 (N=1). Substrate diametre: 0.5 cm (N=1). Voucher specimen studied: TAAM 201100. Voucher specimen studied: TAAM 174013. Trechispora cohaerens (Schwein.) Jülich & Tubulicrinis sororius (Bourdot & Galzin) Oberw. Stalpers 8 records from Juniperus communis. 3 records from Juniperus communis. Basidiocarps seen from September to October; in Basidiocarps seen from September to October; in eutrophic alvar juniper shrublands, oligotrophic mesotrophic boreal forests and oligotrophic bo- boreal heath forests and mesotrophic boreal real heath forests; in Pärnu and Saare Counties. forests; in Hiiu, Lääne, Saare Counties. Substrate diametre: 1.0–3.0 cm (average 1.8 Substrate diametre: 0.8–3.5 cm (average 1.8 cm, N=3). cm, N=8). Decay stages: 1 (33.3%), 2 (33.3%), 3 (33.3%), Decay stages: 1 (50.0%), 2 (12.5%), 3 (37.5%), 4 (0%), N=3. N=8. Voucher specimens studied: HK 21055, HK Voucher specimens studied: TAAM 152784, HK 21092, HK 21658. 21083b, HK 21145, HK 21168, HK 21174, HK Trechispora farinacea (Pers.) Liberta 21178, HK 21210, HK 22022. 3 records from Juniperus communis. Tylospora asterophora (Bonord.) Donk Basidiocarps seen from July to September; in Single record from Juniperus communis. Saare County. Basidiocarps seen in November; in oligotrophic Voucher specimens studied: TAAM 101417, boreal heath forest; in Lääne-Viru County. TAAM 154306, 167907. Substrate diametre: 1.0 cm (N=1). 83

Decay stage: 1 (N=1). DISCUSSION Voucher specimen studied: HK 21524. Peniophora junipericola is the most common Tyromyces chioneus (Fr.) P. Karst. species of aphyllophoroid fungi found on juniper Single record from Juniperus communis. in Estonia (302 records in total). Its frequent Basidiocarps seen in September; in eutrophic occurrence is caused by wide ecological ampli- boreo-nemoral forest; in Ida-Viru County. tude: the fungus can grow on thin as well as Voucher specimen studied: TAAM 002252. thick branches; on hard, newly dead branches, and on more or less decayed twigs (Sell et al., Vararia cremeoavellanea Pouzar 2011). Although Peniophora junipericola is also Single record from Juniperus communis. found in Estonian inland, it is very rare there Basidiocarps seen in November; in eutrophic and does not grow in South Estonia. In south- alvar juniper shrubland; in Harju County. eastern and southern Estonia (Põlva, Valga and Substrate diametre: 0.2 cm (N=1). Võru Counties), Amylostereum laevigatum is the Decay stage: 1 (N=1). most common species growing on juniper. On Voucher specimen studied: HK 21506. average, Peniophora junipericola prefers thin- Vararia ochroleuca (Bourdot & Galzin) Donk ner branch substrates (mean diametre 1.1 cm, 2 records from Juniperus communis. n=291) than Amylostereum laevigatum (3.0 cm, Basidiocarps seen in October; in eutrophic alvar n=29, respectively). Amylostereum laevigatum juniper shrublands and eutrophic alvar forests; can be regarded as the most common wood- in Rapla and Saare Counties. rotting fungus on junipers in Finland (authors Substrate diametre: 3.0 cm (N=2). pers. comm.). But in Estonia, it is three times Decay stages: 1 (100%), 2 (0%), 3 (0%), 4 (0%), less frequent than Peniophora junipericola. N=1. Voucher specimens studied: TAAM 006963, HK In one case, Phylloporia ribis was reported grow- 21173. ing on Juniperus communis in a juniper shrubland on a small islet of Kumarilaid in Matsalu Xenasmatella vaga (Fr.) Stalpers Nature Reserve, Estonia. The identification of 10 records from Juniperus communis. the host is doubtful, because Phylloporia ribis Basidiocarps seen from August to November; in has never been found on conifers, e.g. in Finland mesotrophic boreal forests, oligotrophic boreal (Niemelä, 2005; Kotiranta et al., 2009). Likewise heath forests, oligo-mesotrophic boreal forests Ribes alpinum is a common plant on Kumarilaid and eutrophic paludifying forests; in Harju, Hiiu, Islet, and this might be a more probable host. Põlva, Pärnu, Saare and Viljandi Counties. Substrate diametre: 0.5–4.0 cm (average 2.8 cm, N=7). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Decay stages: 1 (85.7%), 2 (14.3%), 3 (0%), 4 We would like to express our gratitude to Tuomo (0%), N=7. Niemelä and Kuulo Kalamees for reviewing the Xylodon pruni (Lasch) Hjortstam & Ryvarden manuscript, to Mart-Olav Niklus and Mailis 2 records from Juniperus communis. Viirmaa for linguistic corrections. Basidiocarps seen from September to October; in eutrophic alvar forests; in Lääne and Rapla REFERENCES Counties. Substrate diametre: 1.5 cm (N=1). Adams, R.P. 2008. Junipers of the World: The genus nd Decay stages: 1 (0%), 2 (0%), 3 (100%), 4 (0%), Juniperus. 2 ed., Trafford Publishing Co., Van- couver. N=1. Kaar, E. 1965. Kadakas – loopealsete ja paekaljude Voucher specimens studied: HK 21723, TAAM küpress. Eesti Loodus 2: 69–75. 196529. 84 Folia Cryptog. Estonica

Kotiranta, H., Saarenoksa, R., Kytövuori, I. 2009. Parmasto, E., Parmasto, I. 1992. Peniophora juniperi- Aphyllophoroid fungi of Finland. A check-list cola (Aphyllophorales, Corticiaceae): distribution with ecology, distribution, and threat categories. and spore variability. Karstenia 32: 13–16. Norrlinia 19: 1–223. Parmasto, E. 2004. Distribution maps of Estonian Kukk, T., Sammul, M. 2006. Loodusdirektiivi pool- fungi. 3. Pore fungi. Institute of Zoology and looduslikud kooslused ja nende pindala Eestis. Botany, Estonian Agricultural University, Tartu. Sammul, M. (toim.) ELUS 84. aastaraamat. Tartu, Renvall, P. 1995. Community structure and dynamics Eesti Looduseuurijate Selts: 114–158. of wood-rotting Basidiomycetes on decomposing Lõhmus, E. 2004. Eesti metsakasvukohatüübid. EPMÜ conifer trunks in northern Finland. Karstenia Metsanduslik Uurimisinstituut, Eesti Loodusfoto. 35: 1–51. Tartu. Sell, I., Kotiranta, H., Kaart, T. 2011. Habitat re- Niemelä, T. 2005. Käävät, puiden sienet. Norrlinia quirements of Peniophora junipericola (Basidi- 13: 1–320. omycota, Russulales). Annales Botanici Fennici Paal, J. 1997. Eesti taimkatte kasvukohatüüpide klas- 48: 232–236. sifikatsioon. Classification of Estonian vegetation site types. TÜ Botaanika ja Ökoloogia Instituut. Tallinn.