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Bab Ii Gambaran Umum Kondisi Daerah 2.1 BAB II GAMBARAN UMUM KONDISI DAERAH 2.1. Gambaran Kondisi Umum Daerah 2.1.1. Aspek Geografis Kabupaten Klaten dalam lingkup Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Tengah merupakan salah satu dari 35 kabupaten/kota yang mempunyai nilai strategis dan memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam proses pertumbuhan wilayah di Jawa Tengah. Wilayah Kabupaten Klaten terletak di jalur yang sangat strategis, karena berbatasan langsung dengan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). Dari sisi bentangan garis katulistiwa, Kabupaten Klaten terletak antara 7032`19” Lintang Selatan sampai 7048`33” Lintang Selatan dan antara 110026`14” Bujur Timur sampai 110047`51” Bujur Timur. 2.1.2. Letak Administrasi Kabupaten Klaten mempunyai luas wilayah 65.556 ha (655,56 km2) atau seluas 2,014% dari luas Provinsi Jawa Tengah, yang luasnya 3.254.412 ha. Luas wilayah tersebut mencakup seluruh wilayah administrasi di Kabupaten Klaten yang terdiri dari 26 Kecamatan, 391 Desa serta 10 Kelurahan, dengan batas-batas wilayah sebagai berikut: 1. Sebelah utara berbatasan dengan Kabupaten Boyolali; 2. Sebelah timur berbatasan dengan Kabupaten Sukoharjo; 3. Sebelah selatan berbatasan dengan Kabupaten Gunungkidul (DIY); dan 4. Sebelah barat berbatasan dengan Kabupaten Sleman (DIY). Gambar Peta Wilayah Kabupaten Klaten berdasar kecamatan, selengkapnya sebagaimana Gambar 2.1 Rancangan Akhir RPJMD Kabupaten Klaten Tahun 2016-2021 - 16 - Gambar 2.1 Peta Wilayah Kabupaten Klaten Sumber : RTRW Kabupaten Klaten 2009-2031 2.1.3. Kondisi Topografi Kondisi topografi wilayah Kabupaten Klaten diapit oleh Gunung Merapi dan Pegunungan Seribu, dan dengan ketinggian antara 76–1.60 m dpl (di atas permukaan laut). Secara geografis terbagi ke dalam 3 (tiga) wilayah, yaitu: 1. Wilayah lereng Gunung Merapi (wilayah bagian utara) yang meliputi Kecamatan Karangnongko, Kemalang, Jatinom dan Tulung. 2. Wilayah datar (wilayah bagian tengah) yang meliputi wilayah kecamatan–kecamatan Manisrenggo, Klaten Tengah, Kalikotes, Klaten Utara, Klaten Selatan, Ngawen, Kebonarum, Wedi, Jogonalan, Prambanan, Gantiwarno, Delanggu, Wonosari, Juwiring, Ceper, Pedan, Karangdowo, Trucuk, Cawas, Karanganom, Polanharjo. 3. Wilayah berbukit / gunung kapur (wilayah bagian selatan) yang hanya meliputi sebagian Kecamatan Bayat, Cawas dan Gantiwarno. Dari sisi topografi wilayah Kabupaten Klaten, dirinci sebagai berikut: Rancangan Akhir RPJMD Kabupaten Klaten Tahun 2016-2021 - 17 - 1. Wilayah dengan ketinggian kurang dari 100 m di atas permukaan laut (dpl) meliputi sebagian dari kecamatan: Juwiring, Karangdowo dan Cawas. 2. Wilayah dengan ketinggian antara 100 – 200 m dpl meliputi Kecamatan: Prambanan, Jogonalan, Gantiwarno,Wedi, Bayat, Cawas (di bagian barat), Trucuk, Kalikotes, Klaten Selatan, Klaten Tengah, Klaten Utara, Kebonarum (di bagian selatan), Ngawen (di bagian selatan dan timur), Ceper, Pedan, Karanganom (di bagian timur), Polanharjo (di bagian timur), Delanggu, Juwiring (di bagian barat) dan Wonosari (di bagian barat). 3. Wilayah dengan ketinggian antara 200 – 400 m dpl meliputi Kecamatan: Manisrenggo, Jogonalan (di bagian utara), Karangnongko, Kebonarum (di bagian utara),Ngawen (di bagian utara), Jatinom, Karanganom (di bagian barat), Tulung (sebagian besar) dan Polanharjo (bagian barat). 4. Wilayah dengan ketinggian antara 400 – 1000 m dpl meliputi Kecamatan: Kemalang (sebagian besar), Manisrenggo (sebagian besar), Jatinom (sebagian kecil) dan Tulung (sebagian kecil). 5. Wilayah dengan ketinggian 1.000 – 2000 m dpl berada di Kecamatan Kemalang. 2.1.4. Kondisi Klimotologi Kabupaten Klaten memiliki iklim tropis dengan musim hujan dan musim kemarau silih berganti sepanjang tahun, temperatur antara 28–30 derajat Celcius, dan kecepatan angin rata-rata berkisar 20–25 km/jam. Pada tahun 2015 curah hujan tertinggi tercatat di Stasiun Kecamatan Ngawen yaitu 374 mm, sedangkan jumlah intensitas hujannya 13.308 mm/tahun. Sedangkan curah hujan terendah tercatat di Stasiun Bayat. 2.1.5. Kondisi Geologi Adapun Jenis tanah di Kabupaten Klaten ada 5 (lima) macam, adalah sebagai berikut : 1. Litosol Bahan induk dari skis kristalin dan batu tulis terdapat di daerah Kecamatan Bayat. 2. Regosol Kelabu : Bahan induk abu dan pasir vulkanik termedier terdapat di Kecamatan Cawas, Trucuk, Klaten Tengah, Kalikotes, Kebonarum, Klaten Selatan, Rancangan Akhir RPJMD Kabupaten Klaten Tahun 2016-2021 - 18 - Karangnongko, Ngawen, Klaten Utara, Ceper, Pedan, Karangdowo, Juwiring, Wonosari, Delanggu, Polanharjo, Karanganom, Tulung dan Jatinom. 3. Grumusol Kelabu Tua: Bahan induk berupa abu dan pasir vulkanik intermedier terdapat di daerah Kecamatan Bayat, Cawas sebelah selatan. 4. Kompleks Regosol Kelabu dan Kelabu Tua: Bahan induk berupa batu apurnapal terdapat di daerah Kecamatan Klaten Tengah dan Kalikotes sebelah selatan. 5. Regosol Coklat Kekelabuan: Bahan induk berupa abu dan pasir vulkanik intermedier terdapat di daerah Kecamatan Kemalang, Manisrenggo, Prambanan, Jogonalan, Gantiwarno dan Wedi. 2.1.6. Kondisi Hidrologi Kabupaten Klaten dilalui 80 sungai dengan berbagai klasifikasi (ordo), yaitu: (i) 1 sungai berklasifikasi induk yaitu Bengawan Solo, (ii) 1 sungai berklasifikasi Ordo I yaitu sungai Dengkeng, (iii) 24 sungai dengan klasifikasi ordo II, dan (iv) 54 sungai dengan Ordo III. Potensi air lainnya adalah sumber mata air. Terdapat 174 titik sumber mata air yang tersebar di 20 (dua puluh) Kecamatan. Dimana sumber air terbanyak terdapat di Kecamatan Tulung (24 lokasi) dan Manisrenggo (24 lokasi). 2.1.7. Penggunaan Lahan Dari sisi penggunaan lahan pertanian selama 5 (lima) tahun terakhir mulai tahun 2011-2015 terjadi perubahan pola penggunaan lahan sawah irigasi. Penggunaan lahan sawah dari 33.376 Ha pada tahun 2011, menjadi 33.314 Ha pada tahun 2012, menjadi 33.220 Ha pada tahun 2013, menjadi 33.220 Ha pada tahun 2014, dan pada tahun 2015 menjadi 33.111 Ha. Adapun perubahan luasan penggunaan tanah pertanian ke non pertanian pada tahun 2014 seluas 54,1504 Ha, dengan perincian peruntukan: perumahan 40,4893 Ha, industri 13,6611 Ha. Sedangkan pada tahun 2015 perubahan luasan penggunaan tanah pertanian ke non pertanian seluas 55,2309 Ha, dengan perincian peruntukan: perumahan 40,8997 Ha, dan industri 13,6631 Ha. Besaran luas lahan dan persentase lahan sawah yang beririgasi di Kabupaten Klaten menunjukkan bahwa tanah pertanian di Kabupaten Rancangan Akhir RPJMD Kabupaten Klaten Tahun 2016-2021 - 19 - Klaten masih sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan menjadi kawasan agropolitan. Hal ini juga didukung oleh kenyataan bahwa selama ini Kabupaten Klaten mendapat sebutan sebagai penyangga pangan di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Pengembangan Kabupaten Klaten sebagai kawasan agropolitan, perlu ada pengendalian dan optimalisasi pemanfaatan lahan sesuai produk unggulan yang disesuaikan dengan tata ruang wilayah. 2.1.8. Potensi Pengembangan Wilayah Potensi pengembangan wilayah sebagaimana diatur pada Pasal 21 Perda Nomor 11 Tahun 2011 tentang RTRW Kabupaten Klaten Tahun 2011-2031, bahwa pengembangan wilayah Kabupaten Klaten diarahkan dengan memperhatikan pola ruang yang meliputi kawasan lindung dan kawasan budidaya. A. Kawasan lindung terdiri atas: a. Kawasan Hutan Lindung; Kawasan hutan lindung sebagaimana dimaksud mencakup luas kurang lebih 29 (dua puluh sembilan) hektar berada di Kecamatan Bayat. b. Kawasan Yang Memberikan Perlindungan Terhadap Kawasan Bawahannya; Kawasan yang memberikan perlindungan terhadap kawasan bawahannya sebagaimana dimaksud adalah berupa kawasan resapan air, meliputi kecamatan: Kemalang, Manisrenggo, Karangnongko, Jatinom, dan Tulung. c. Kawasan Perlindungan Setempat; Kawasan perlindungan setempat sebagaimana dimaksud terdiri atas: (1). Sempadan sungai, kawasan sempadan sungai sebagaimana dimaksud adalah mencakup luasan kurang lebih 3.963 (tiga ribu Sembilan ratus enam puluh tiga) hektar yang tersebar di wilayah Kabupaten, dengan rincian sebagai berikut : (a). dataran sepanjang tepian sungai bertanggul dengan lebar paling sedikit 5 (lima) meter dari kaki tanggul sebelah luar; (b). dataran sepanjang tepian sungai besar tidak bertanggul di luar kawasan permukiman dengan lebar paling sedikit 100 (seratus) meter dari tepi sungai; dan (c). Dataran sepanjang tepian anak sungai tidak bertanggul di luar kawasan permukiman dengan lebar paling sedikit 50 Rancangan Akhir RPJMD Kabupaten Klaten Tahun 2016-2021 - 20 - (lima puluh) meter dari tepi sungai. d. Kawasan Sekitar Danau Atau Waduk; dan Kawasan sekitar dan atau waduk berupa daratan dengan jarak 50 (lima puluh) meter sampai dengan 100 (seratus) meter dari titik pasang air dan atau waduk tertinggi, dengan luas kurang lebih 34 (tiga puluh empat) hektar berada di sekitar Rawa Jombor Kecamatan Bayat. e. Kawasan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Kawasan Perkotaan. Kawasan ruang terbuka hijau kawasan perkotaan luas kurang lebih 8.557 (delapan ribu lima ratus lima puluh tujuh) hektar atau 42 (empat puluh dua) persen dari luas kawasan perkotaan kurang lebih 20.018 (dua puluh ribu delapan belas) hektar. f. Kawasan Suaka Alam, Pelestarian Alam,dan Cagar Budaya. Kawasan suaka alam, pelestarian, dan kawasan cagar budaya sebagaimana dimaksud terdiri atas: (1). Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi dengan luas kurang lebih 893 (delapan ratus Sembilan puluh tiga) hektar yang meliputi sebagian wilayah Kecamatan Kemalang; dan (2). Kawasan cagar budaya meliputi: (a). Candi Prambanan, Candi Sojiwan, Candi Bubrah, Candi Lumbung, Candi Sewu, Candi Asu/Gana, Candi Lor/Candirejo, Candi Plaosan Lor, dan Candi Plaosan Kidul berada di Kecamatan Prambanan dengan luas kurang lebih 67 (enam puluh tujuh) hektar; (b). Candi Merak dan Candi Karangnongko
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