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Horsemanship and Horse Care

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Horsemanship and Horse Care Horsemanship and Horse Care KIP:^á^^ »"«""RECEíVEO NOV 3C 19« us. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE • AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE AGRICULTURE irir"PM*Tl^H Pill I fTIH NQia^ 369258 CONTENTS Page Breeds of horses 1 Selecting a horse 6 Colors and markings 12 Riding equipment 16 Riding a horse 21 Showing a horse 21 Buildings and fences 26 Breeding a horse 28 The foal 29 Feeding a horse 33 Grooming a horse 39 Care of the feet .- 39 Diseases and parasites 41 Breed registry associations 48 Credit : The author adapted some of the narrative and illustrations used in this bulletin from the book, HORSES AND HORSEMANSHIP, with permission of the pubisher, The Inter- state Printers and Publishers, Inc., Danville, Illinois. COVER : Courtesy of Mr. Al Mavis, Mavis Connemara Farm, Rochester, 111. This bulletin supersedes Farmers' Bulletin No. 2127, "Light Horses." For more complete information on horses, see Agriculture Handbook No. 394, "Breeding and Raising Horses/* Washington, D.C. Issued September 1972 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. - Price 35 cents Stock Number 0100-1475 Horsemanship and Horse Care By M. E, ENSMiNGERj^ebllaborator, Animal Science Research DivisioUt Á'gricultural Research Service Horses may be classified as distinctive, uniformly transmit- light horses, ponies, or draft ted characteristics that are not horses, according to size, build, common to other horses» and use. The U. S. Department of Agri- Light horses are 14-2 to 17 culture has no authority to ap- hands high measured at the with- prove a breed. The only legal ba- ers, and they weigh 900 to 1,400 sis for recognizing a breed is in pounds. A hand is 4 inches ; thus the Tariff Act of 1930. It provides 14-2 hands is 58 inches, or 14 for the duty-free admission of hands, 2 inches. purebred breeding horses provid- Ponies are under 14-2 hands ed they are disease free and re- high and weigh up to 900 pounds. gistered in the country of origin, Draft horses are 14-2 to 17-2 but this applies only to imported hands high, weigh 1,400 pounds animals. or more, and are used primarily For detailed information about for pulling loads and other heavy any of the breeds, write to the ap- work. propriate breed registry associa- Light horses are discussed in tion. The names and addresses of this bulletin. They are used pri- the associations are given on marily for riding, driving, rac- pages 48 and 49. ing, or light farm work and in The list of associations is not addition to being smaller they are complete, and no discrimination generally more rangy and more is intended against associations active than draft horses, that are not included. Only the associations that register the most BREEDS OF HORSES common breeds of horses are list- ed. But the inclusion of an associ- A breed of horses is a group of ation in the list does not consti- horses having a common origin tute any official recognition of the and possessing certain well-fixed, horses it registers as a breed. 1 BN-3266S BN-328M Breed: American Albino Horse. Breed : American Paint Horse. Color: White. Color: White and any other color. BN-32B76 BN 32164 Breed: American Buckskin. Breed: American Saddle Horse. Color: Buckskin, red dun, or grulla Color: Bay, hrown, gray, cheiinul, or (mouse dun). black. : s 2568 BN-32659 Breed: Appaloosa. Breed: American Gotland Horse. Color: White over the loin and hips «i«'» Color: Bay, brown, black, dun, chestnut, dark spots on the white areas; other roan, or palomino. coloring is variable. BN-326B7 Breed: Arabian. BN-32667 Color: Bay, gray, chestnut, white, or black. Breed: Galiceno. Color: Bay, black, chestnut, dun, gray, brown, or palomino. BN-Í2B76 Breed: Cleveland Bay. Color: Bay body and black legs. BN-nnt Breed: Hackney. Color: Che.tnut, bay. brown, roan, or black. - BN-32669 BN-32472 "feed: Connemara Pony, ^olor: Gray, black, bay, dun, brown, Breed: Hnngarian Horse. fream, roan, or chestnut. Color: Any color. BN-32679 Breed: Missouri Fox Trotting Horse Color: Any rolor but usually sorrel. BN-32566 Breed: I'aso Fino. Color: Any color. BN-Í2678 Breed: Morgan. BN iW\i Color: Bay. brown, black, or chestnut. Breed: Peruvian Paso. Color: Any color. BN-32577 Breed : Palomino. BN-42U> Color: Golden with light colored mane and Breed: Pinto Horse. tail. Color: White and any other color. BN-MM4 BN-nst« Breed: Spanitb Muttang. Br«ed: Pony of the Americas. Color: Any color except lobUno. Color: White over the loin and hip« with dark tpoti on the while areaa; other coloring it variable. Breed: Standardbred. UN tMTl Color: Bar. brown, fk**la«t. bWb, gray, Itfrcd (Juarirr llor»». roan, or dun. < olor Chriinui, «nrrel, bay, dun, black, l-alomlno, roan, brown, or repp*f. BN-ttSM Breed: T. ^«d: a>etland Pony. Color: SofTeL C«lor: Any color. bay, brawv. P*7- <r .*«.-■ BN-32660 BN-32663 Breed : Thoroughbred. Breed: Welsh Pony. Color: Bay, brown, black, chesnnt, roai Color: Any color except piebald or skew- or gray. bald. SELECTING A HORSE in the three natural gaits—walk, trot, and gallop—before he at- Relatively few horses are in- tempts to ride a horse executing spected and evaluated by experi- more complicated gaits. enced horsemen. Most horses are After deciding what kind of bought by persons who lack ex- horse you need, you are ready to perience in judging but who have select a particular horse. The best a practical need for the animal method is to select your horse on and take pride in selecting and the basis of body characteristics owning a good horse. If you are and performance, and on show an amateur, you should get the ring winnings if he is a show help of a competent horseman be- horse. If you intend to use your fore you buy a horse. horse for breeding, you also When you select a horse, con- should consider his pedigree and sider the following points. the records of his near relatives • The horse should be the right and offspring. size and weight for the rider. A Before you go out to buy a small child should have a small horse, you should be able to iden- horse or pony and a heavy adult tify the parts of a horse, detect should have a large horse. Also, blemishes and unsoundnesses and a tall person should have a tall determine age. horse. • A quiet, gentle horse that is not too spirited is best for an in- Parts of a Horse experienced adult or a child. You should have a thorough • A three-gaited horse usually knowledge of the parts of a horse is best for a beginner. A beginner and be able to understand the needs experience riding a horse language commonly used in de- scribing them. The diagram on proper value to each part. An all- tWs page shows the parts of a breed score card is shown on pages horse. 8 and 9. The use of a score card is a good way to make sure that you have inspected all parts of a horse Blemishes and Unsoundnesses before you buy him. A score card An integral part of selecting lists all the parts and assigns a a horse lies in your ability to rec- BN-15178 Paris of a horse. I, Muzzle 12. Neck 23. Quarter 34. Fetlock 2, Nostril 13, Throatlatct 24. Stifle 35. Cannon 3. Jaw 14. Withers 25. Rear flank 36. Knee 4. Cheek 15. Back 26. Sheath 37. Forearm 5, Face 16. Loin 27. Underline 38. Point of elbow 6. Eye 17. Croup 28. Gaskin 39. Arm 7. Forehead 18. Hip 29. Point of hock 40. Point of ehoulder B. Poll 19. Coupling 30. Hock 41. Rihs 9. Ear 20. Tau 31. Foot 42. Heart girth 10. Mane 21. Point of buttocks 32. Coronet 43. Shoulder 11, Crcßi 22. Thigh 33. Pastern All-Breed Horse Score Card eu ^ä I Characteristics eg ta u Si w Î2Î Q ¡l-g Breed type i ~ - 15 Animals should possess the distinctive characteristics of the breed represented, including— Color: Height at maturity: Weight at maturity: Form - 35 Style and beauty : Attractive, good car- riage, alert, refined, symmetrical, and all parts nicely blended together. Body: Nicely turned; long, well-sprung ribs; heavily muscled. Back and loin: Short and strong, wide, well muscled, and short coupled. Croup : Long, level, wide, muscular, with a high-set tail. Rear quarters: Deep and muscular. Gaskin : Heavily muscled. Withers: Prominent, and of the same height as the high point of the croup. Shoulders: Deep, well laid in, and slop- ing about a 45-degree angle, Chest: Fairly wide, deep, and full. Arm and forearm: Well muscled. Feet and legs.... 15 Legs: Correct position and set when viewed from front, side, and rear. Pasterns r Long, and sloping at about a 45-degree angle. Feet: In proportion to size of horse, good shape, wide and deep at heels, dense texture of hoof. Hocks: Deep, clean-cut, and well sup- ported. Knees: Broad, tapered gradually into cannon. Cannons: Clean, flat, with tendons well defined. All-Breed Horse Score Card—(Continued) n ja Characteristics—Continued II Si I? Head and neck-- -.. -- 10 Alertly carried, showing style and char- acter. Head: Well proportioned to rest of body, refined, clean-cut, with chiseled appear- ance; broad, full forehead with great width between the eyes; ears medium sized, well carried, and attractive; eyes large and prominent. Neck: Long, nicely arched, clean-cut about the throatlatch, with head well set-on, gracefully carried. Quality - - -- 10 Clean, fiat bone; well-defined and clean joints and tendons, and fine skin and hair.
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