Dialogica Nr. 2, 2020
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Communism and Post-Communism in Romania : Challenges to Democratic Transition
TITLE : COMMUNISM AND POST-COMMUNISM IN ROMANIA : CHALLENGES TO DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION AUTHOR : VLADIMIR TISMANEANU, University of Marylan d THE NATIONAL COUNCIL FO R EURASIAN AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARC H TITLE VIII PROGRA M 1755 Massachusetts Avenue, N .W . Washington, D .C . 20036 LEGAL NOTICE The Government of the District of Columbia has certified an amendment of th e Articles of Incorporation of the National Council for Soviet and East European Research changing the name of the Corporation to THE NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR EURASIAN AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARCH, effective on June 9, 1997. Grants, contracts and all other legal engagements of and with the Corporation made unde r its former name are unaffected and remain in force unless/until modified in writin g by the parties thereto . PROJECT INFORMATION : 1 CONTRACTOR : University of Marylan d PR1NCIPAL 1NVEST1GATOR : Vladimir Tismanean u COUNCIL CONTRACT NUMBER : 81 1-2 3 DATE : March 26, 1998 COPYRIGHT INFORMATIO N Individual researchers retain the copyright on their work products derived from research funded by contract with the National Council for Eurasian and East European Research . However, the Council and the United States Government have the right to duplicate an d disseminate, in written and electronic form, this Report submitted to the Council under thi s Contract, as follows : Such dissemination may be made by the Council solely (a) for its ow n internal use, and (b) to the United States Government (1) for its own internal use ; (2) for further dissemination to domestic, international and foreign governments, entities an d individuals to serve official United States Government purposes ; and (3) for dissemination i n accordance with the Freedom of Information Act or other law or policy of the United State s Government granting the public rights of access to documents held by the United State s Government. -
Romanian Exiles During the Most-Favored-Nation Period, 1974-1988 ______
COLD WARRIORS IN THE AGE OF DÉTENTE AND DIFFERENTIATION: ROMANIAN EXILES DURING THE MOST-FAVORED-NATION PERIOD, 1974-1988 ____________________________________ A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University, Fullerton ____________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in History ____________________________________ By Maryam Morsali Sullivan Thesis Committee Approval: Robert McLain, Department of History, Chair Cora Granata, Department of History Bogdan Suceava, Department of Mathematics Spring Semester, 2017 ABSTRACT Throughout modern history, groups of people have emigrated without the ability to return home because of the regime in power. While living in exile, they form or join new communities. They also work to determine their role and relation to their host and home countries. This study focuses on the activities and culture of Romanian exiles in the West from 1974 to 1988. These were the years that the United States granted Most- Favored-Nation status to Nicolae Ceaușescu’s Romania. During this time, American foreign policy ranged from détente to differentiation. The culture of Romanian exiles during the Cold War developed into working to combat communism and lessen Romanian suffering, as well as serving as the voice of and preserving democratic Romania. Exiles never gave up hope that communism could be overthrown. When it became evident that their political activities could not achieve regime change, a group of Romanian exiles decided to diversify their goals. This included focusing on humanitarian aid and preserving Romanian democratic traditions. They allied with the neoconservative wing of the U.S. Congress that originated in the Democratic Party to focus more on humanitarian victories, raise awareness in the West of what they considered to be the truth about Romania, and find means to provide a threat to or weaken Ceaușescu. -
Memory, Justice and Moral Cleansing
SPRING 2017 | VOL.27 | N0.2 ACTON INSTITUTE'S INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RELIGION, ECONOMICS AND CULTURE Memory, justice and moral cleansing What are Freedom and the When our success transatlantic values? nation-state threatens our success EDITOR'S NOTE Sarah Stanley MANAGING EDITOR This spring issue of Religion & Liberty is, among other things, a reflection on the 100-year anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution and the horrors committed by Communist regimes. For the cover story, Religion & Liberty executive editor, John Couretas, interviews Mihail Neamţu, a leading conservative in Romania. They discuss the Russian Revolution and current protests against corruption going on in Romania. A similar topic appears in Rev. Anthony Perkins’ re- view of the 2017 film Bitter Harvest. This love story is set in the Ukraine during the Holodomor, a deadly famine imposed on Ukraine by Joseph Stalin’s Soviet regime in the 1930s. Perkins addresses the signifi- cance of the Holodomor in his critique of the new movie. Romanian Orthodox hermit INTERVIEW Nicolae Steinhardt was another victim of a 07 Memory, justice and moral cleansing Communist regime. During imprisonment Coming to grips with the Russian Revolution and its legacy in a Romanian gulag, he found faith and Interview with Romanian public intellectual Mihail Neamţu even happiness. A rare excerpt in English from his “Diary of Happiness” appears in this issue. You’ve probably noticed this issue of Religion & Liberty looks very different from previous ones. As part of a wider look at international issues, this magazine has been updated and expanded to include new sections focusing on the unique chal- lenges facing Canada, Europe and the Unit- ed States. -
The Life of the Romanian Theologian Antonie Plamadeala As a Runaway from the Secret Police and As a Political Prisoner in Communist Romania
The Life of the Romanian Theologian Antonie Plamadeala as a Runaway from the Secret Police and as a Political Prisoner in Communist Romania Cristina Plamadeala A Thesis in The Department of Theological Studies Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts (Theological Studies) at Concordia University Montreal, Quebec, Canada September 2015 © Cristina Plamadeala, 2015 CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY School of Graduate Studies This is to certify that the thesis prepared By: Cristina Plamadeala Entitled: The Life of the Romanian Theologian Antonie Plamadeala as a Runaway from the Secret Police and as a Political Prisoner in Communist Romania and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (Theological Studies) complies with the regulations of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Signed by the final Examining Committee: __________________________________Chair Chair’s name __________________________________Examiner Examiner’s name __________________________________Examiner Examiner’s name __________________________________Supervisor Supervisor’s name Approved by_______________________________________________________ Chair of Department or Graduate Program Director _______2015 _______________________________________________________ Dean of Faculty ii ABSTRACT The Life of the Romanian Theologian Antonie Plamadeala as a Runaway from the Secret Police and as a Political Prisoner in Communist Romania Cristina Plamadeala The present work discusses the life of the Romanian theologian Antonie Plamadeala (1926-2005) in the1940s-1950s. More specifically, it tells the story of his refuge from Bessarabia to Romania, of his run from Romania’s secret police (Securitate) and of his years of incarceration as a political prisoner for alleged ties to the Legionary Movement, known for its Fascist, paramilitary and anti-Semitic activity and rhetoric. -
Introduction
INTRODUctION Burrel, Spaç, Qafë-Bari, Ruzyně, Pankrác, Mírov, Leopoldov, Valdice, Jáchymov, Bytíz u Přibrami, Białołęka, Aiud, Gherla, Jilava, Piteşti, Recsk, Lovech, Belene, Idrizovo, Goli otok. These are names that mean little or nothing to many. But to East Europeans from Central Europe to the farthest reaches of the Balkans, they form an indelible part of their collective memory as the darkest page in the forty-five-year history of communism in the region. They are the names of detention centers, prison camps, and forced labor camps that corrupted the landscape of Eastern Europe from the end of World War II to the collapse of communism in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Although less familiar than the Soviet gulag made famous through the writings of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, and undeniably Soviet in inspiration, they were no less brutal and dehumanizing.1 They became a living hell for a huge number of human beings from every walk of life, especially intellectuals, artists, and students whose only crime in many in- stances was a repugnance for the repressive Communist system that demanded conformity and brooked no opposition. Resistance to the imposition of Communist rule throughout Eastern Europe manifested itself almost from the very beginning and grew into mass, and some- times violent, eruptions of protest, among them the Poznań riots in Poland in October 1956, the Hungarian Revolution later that same year, the Prague Spring that led to the Soviet and Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968, the rise of Solidarity in Poland in the early 1980s—the reverberations from which were ultimately felt throughout all of Eastern Europe—and the bloody upheaval that ended the reign of Nicolae Ceauşescu in Romania in December 1989. -
Resistance Through Literature in Romania (1945-1989)
DePaul University Via Sapientiae College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences 11-2015 Resistance through literature in Romania (1945-1989) Olimpia I. Tudor Depaul University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/etd Recommended Citation Tudor, Olimpia I., "Resistance through literature in Romania (1945-1989)" (2015). College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations. 199. https://via.library.depaul.edu/etd/199 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Resistance through Literature in Romania (1945-1989) A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts October, 2015 BY Olimpia I. Tudor Department of International Studies College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences DePaul University Chicago, Illinois Acknowledgements I am sincerely grateful to my thesis adviser, Dr. Shailja Sharma, PhD, for her endless patience and support during the development of this research. I wish to thank her for kindness and generosity in sharing her immense knowledge with me. Without her unconditional support, this thesis would not have been completed. Besides my adviser, I would like to extend my gratitude to Dr. Nila Ginger Hofman, PhD, and Professor Ted Anton who kindly agreed to be part of this project, encouraged and offered me different perspectives that helped me find my own way. -
FINAL REPORT International Commission on the Holocaust In
FINAL REPORT of the International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania Presented to Romanian President Ion Iliescu November 11, 2004 Bucharest, Romania NOTE: The English text of this Report is currently in preparation for publication. © International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania. All rights reserved. DISTORTION, NEGATIONISM, AND MINIMALIZATION OF THE HOLOCAUST IN POSTWAR ROMANIA Introduction This chapter reviews and analyzes the different forms of Holocaust distortion, denial, and minimalization in post-World War II Romania. It must be emphasized from the start that the analysis is based on the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum’s definition of the Holocaust, which Commission members accepted as authoritative soon after the Commission was established. This definition1 does not leave room for doubt about the state-organized participation of Romania in the genocide against the Jews, since during the Second World War, Romania was among those allies and a collaborators of Nazi Germany that had a systematic plan for the persecution and annihilation of the Jewish population living on territories under their unmitigated control. In Romania’s specific case, an additional “target-population” subjected to or destined for genocide was the Romany minority. This chapter will employ an adequate conceptualization, using both updated recent studies on the Holocaust in general and new interpretations concerning this genocide in particular. Insofar as the employed conceptualization is concerned, two terminological clarifications are in order. First, “distortion” refers to attempts to use historical research on the dimensions and significance of the Holocaust either to diminish its significance or to serve political and propagandistic purposes. Although its use is not strictly confined to the Communist era, the term “distortion” is generally employed in reference to that period, during which historical research was completely subjected to controls by the Communist Party’s political censorship. -
UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Francophonie and Human Rights: Diasporic Networks Narrate Social Suffering Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3sr5c9kj Author Livescu, Simona Publication Date 2012 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Francophonie and Human Rights: Diasporic Networks Narrate Social Suffering A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Comparative Literature by Simona Liliana Livescu 2013 © Copyright by Simona Liliana Livescu 2013 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Francophonie and Human Rights: Diasporic Networks Narrate Social Suffering by Simona Liliana Livescu Doctor of Philosophy in Comparative Literature University of California, Los Angeles, 2013 Professor Efrain Kristal, Co-Chair Professor Suzanne E. Slyomovics, Co-Chair This dissertation explores exilic human rights literature as the literary genre encompassing under its aegis thematic and textual concerns and characteristics contiguous with dissident literature, resistance literature, postcolonial literature, and feminist literature. Departing from the ethics of recognition advanced by literary critics Kay Schaffer and Sidonie Smith, my study explores how human rights and narrated lives generate larger discursive practices and how, in their fight for justice, diasporic intellectual networks in France debate ideas, oppressive institutions, cultural practices, Arab and European Enlightenment legacies, different traditions of philosophical and religious principles, and global transformations. I conceptualize the term francité d’urgence , definitory to the literary work and intellectual trajectories of those writers who, forced by the difficult political situation in their home countries, make a paradoxical aesthetic use of France, its ii territory, or its language to promote local, regional, and global social justice via broader audiences. -
1335 Nicolae Steinhardt
SECTION: LITERATURE LDMD I NICOLAE STEINHARDT- BIOGRAPHIC CONTEXT Claudia CREŢU (VAŞLOBAN), PhD Candidate, ”Petru Maior” University of Târgu- Mureş Abstract: „Any man has one street of childhood.. Mine was there in the such insignificant Pantelimon, between Capra and Fundeni – and in the endless courtyard of a sawmill, perhaps the cleanest industry, deeply pervaded by the smell of cut wood and sawdust”1. This way starts the story of a man who revolutionized the literature world after 89, with his Journal of Happiness, the volum that bruoght readers both sadness and joy, Nicolae Steinhardt’s story. Coming from a good family, belonging to the petty bourgeoisie, having in his family tree links with Sigmund Freud, he attends the Spiru Haret Highschool where he is colleague with Constantin Noica, Alexandru Paleologu and Mircea Eliade, after that he attends the Law Faculty, the field to which he will dedicate his PhD thesis. Being part of the group of intellectuals along with the ones mentioned above, he will come in the secret service’s attention as being a „hostile element” and he will spend four years in prison out of twelve he was sentenced for. Here he discovers the joy of meeting Christ, which later will result in monastic tonsure. Despite all these, Nicolae Steinhardt will continue to collaborate with various magazines, which will publish his articles, that will deal with a wide range of topics, as wide and diverse as his entire knowledge. Keywords: studies, Secret Service, prison, monk, publishing work Nicolae Steihardt. Contextul biografic „Are orice om câte o uliţă a copilăriei. -
See the Booklet
Tenth Annual Romanian Studies Conference April 14-15, 2017 Keynote address by Dr. Mihaela Miroiu “Women and the Moral Dimension of Politics in Contemporary Romania” Table of Contents Program: Friday, April 14 1 Program: Saturday, April 15 2 Panel Presenters & Biographies 5 Guest Speaker 9 Acknowledgments 10 Program Friday, April 14 Oak Room, Indiana Memorial Union 2:00 PM: Opening Remarks by Elena Popa (Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Bloomington) Screening of ethnographic film “The Last Generation” (2009), Dr. Alin Rus, Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts Amherst. 4:00 PM: Introduction of keynote speaker by Professor Maria Bucur-Deckard (Department of History, Indiana University, Bloomington) Keynote address by Professor Mihaela Miroiu (National School of Political Studies and Public Administration, Bucharest, Romania) “Women and the Moral Dimension of Politics in Contemporary Romania” 7:00 PM: Reception to follow Page 1 Saturday, April 15 Morning Session Oak Room, Indiana Memorial Union 9:00AM - Light breakfast in IMU Oak Room 9:30 AM–10:30 AM Panel 1: Media and Processes of National Identity Formation Panel Chair: Professor Christina Zarifopol-Illias (Department of Classical Studies, Indiana University, Bloomington) Mariana Bagrin (Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Chișinău) Restoration of the Soviet Regime in Bessarabia and Tasks regarding Media in the Early Postwar Years (1944-1947) Cameron Smith Vlad Ţepeş, his military campaign against the Ottoman Empire in 1462, and the forging of a Romanian national -
N. Steinhardt. Love Way Between Quiet and Confab
THESIS SUMMARY N. Steinhardt. Love way between quiet and confab The doctor’s degree thesis called: ” N. Steinhardt. Love way between quiet and confab” is structured into four main chapters, that is: - I am the way, truth and life; - N. Steinhardt, Life and writing - N. Steinhardt in the contemporaries mirror - Steinhardt essay-writing challenges the free arbiter The objectives that the present thesis proposes are in fact the answer to the following three questions: - Does Steinhardt represent a history file, that is still being written? - Nicu’s path was the wistfulness from the boundary between trust and devotedness? - Can Steinhardt man becoming be used as a page from a continuous education book? Nicolae Staeinhardt is a complex man of culture, gives birth to this thesis through his personality like a personal myth. Starting from the title “ N. Steinhardt. Love way between quiet and confab”, the text reveals a pluri- dimensional writer, a juggler of the phoneme, human being existence and of being (K. Jospers), of the bibliography, of the structuralism and structure (L. Wittengenstein). The thesis framework is build from an assembly of emblematic titles and sub-titles for the subscribed dissertation. The first chapter of the doctor’s degree thesis: “I am the way, truth and life ” (Ioan, 14,6) is an introduction in N. Steinhardt life and writing, outlining the image of a model that worths to be followed, that is placed somewhere at the boundary between human values and Christian ones. This chapter has as subordinated other five titles: - The King and the “Practical joker” - From sinners, saints - N. -
Resistance and Dissent Under Communism – the Case of Romania
Resistance and Dissent under Communism – The Case of Romania Cristina Petrescu/Dragoş Petrescu Cristina Petrescu is Assistant Abstract Professor in the Department of Political Science, University of Bucharest since October Obwohl es auch in Rumänien Dissiden- 2003. Her research interests ten gab, beförderten deren Aktivitäten are related to the radical ide- weder die Revolution von 1989, noch ologies of the 20th century, the stellten sie während des frühen Post- political cultures of East-Cen- kommunismus eine Alternative zum tral Europe, and the national- Neo-Kommunismus bereit. Der vorlie- ist discourses in South-eastern gende Aufsatz betrachtet die bemer- Europe. She has authored kenswertesten Resistenz-Handlungen studies on the recent history von Persönlichkeiten aus dem intellek- and historiography of commu- nist and post-communist tuellen Milieu wie solche der Arbeiter- Europe. schaft, um die Besonderheiten der politischen Subkulturen des mit Polen Dragoş Petrescu is Assistant oder der Tschechoslowakei nicht ver- Professor in the Department gleichbaren Widerstandes in Rumänien of Political Science, University herauszuarbeiten. Wichtig ist, dass es of Bucharest and a member of solche Resistenzbewegungen auch hier the Board of the National überhaupt gab, obwohl eine Tradition Council for the Study of the der Teilhabe an der politischen Kultur Securitate Archives (CNSAS) in Bucharest. He has authored völlig fehlte. Aus dieser Perspektive several studies in comparative dienten im Dezember 1989 kritische communism and democratic Intellektuelle der großen Mehrheit consolidation. dann doch als Beispiel. I. Introduction When speaking about opposition to the communist rule, the conventional knowl- edge on the Romanian case is that, compared with that of the Central European countries – the former GDR, the former Czechoslovakia, Poland or Hungary – the civil society was barely existent.