Illustrations in the Accountancy Ancestors Index
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David Hartley a Promise of Funding Has Been Received and an Outline Plan Including Cost Estimates and Timescales Has Been Drawn Up
Issue Number 54 Spring 2011 Computer Conservation Society Aims and objectives The Computer Conservation Society (CCS) is a co-operative venture between the British Computer Society (BCS), the Science Museum of London and the Museum of Science and Industry (MOSI) in Manchester. The CCS was constituted in September 1989 as a Specialist Group of the British Computer Society. It is thus covered by the Royal Charter and charitable status of the BCS. The aims of the CCS are: To promote the conservation of historic computers and to identify existing computers which may need to be archived in the future, To develop awareness of the importance of historic computers, To develop expertise in the conservation and restoration of historic computers, To represent the interests of Computer Conservation Society members with other bodies, To promote the study of historic computers, their use and the history of the computer industry, To publish information of relevance to these objectives for the information of Computer Conservation Society members and the wider public. Membership is open to anyone interested in computer conservation and the history of computing. The CCS is funded and supported by voluntary subscriptions from members, a grant from the BCS, fees from corporate membership, donations, and by the free use of the facilities of both museums. Some charges may be made for publications and attendance at seminars and conferences. There are a number of active Projects on specific computer restorations and early computer technologies and software. -
Computer Conservation Society
Issue Number 88 Winter 2019/20 Computer Conservation Society Aims and Objectives The Computer Conservation Society (CCS) is a co-operative venture between BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT; the Science Museum of London; and the Science and Industry Museum (SIM) in Manchester. The CCS was constituted in September 1989 as a Specialist Group of the British Computer Society. It is thus covered by the Royal Charter and charitable status of BCS. The objects of the Computer Conservation Society (“Society”) are: To promote the conservation, restoration and reconstruction of historic computing systems and to identify existing computing systems which may need to be archived in the future; To develop awareness of the importance of historic computing systems; To develop expertise in the conservation, restoration and reconstruction of historic computing systems; To represent the interests of the Society with other bodies; To promote the study of historic computing systems, their use and the history of the computer industry; To publish information of relevance to these objectives for the information of Society members and the wider public. Membership is open to anyone interested in computer conservation and the history of computing. The CCS is funded and supported by a grant from BCS and from donations. There are a number of active projects on specific computer restorations and early computer technologies and software. Younger people are especially encouraged to take part in order to achieve skills transfer. The CCS also enjoys a close relationship with the National Museum of Computing. Resurrection The Journal of the Computer Conservation Society ISSN 0958-7403 Number 88 Winter 2019/20 Contents Society Activity 2 News Round-Up 9 The Data Curator 10 Paul Cockshott From Tea Shops to Computer Company: The Improbable 15 Story of LEO John Aeberhard Book Review: Early Computing in Britain Ferranti Ltd. -
Please Note That Copyright in This Article Has Been Transferred to the IEEE for the Purposes of Publication
Please note that copyright in this article has been transferred to the IEEE for the purposes of publication. This version is a preprint of the article as submitted for publication. The First Computer in New Zealand Brian E. Carpenter The University of Auckland ________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract Dainty.2 However, the workload for these machines was constantly increasing. When How quickly did the computer revolution reach the electronic computers capable of handling punched most remote Westernised country? Conventional cards became commercially available in the late history holds that the first modern computer in 1950s, they were of immediate interest to the New Zealand – where ‘modern’ means electronic, Treasury in particular. Treasury installed its first and with stored programs – was an IBM 650 computer, an IBM 650, in 1960 and this is leased from IBM Australia by the New Zealand normally recognized as the first modern computer Treasury in November 1960, and officially in New Zealand. However, there is an alternative inaugurated in March 1961. This paper discusses contender. an alternative hypothesis – that the pioneer was in fact an ICT 1201 ordered in 1959 and installed by the New Zealand Department of Education a few The Conventional History months before the arrival of the IBM 650. The historical record for the IBM 650 is quite clear. According to A.C. Shailes, who was New Keywords: History, Government, Computers, New Zealand’s Controller and Auditor-General from Zealand 1975 to 1983, but an ordinary Treasury official at the relevant time, IBM Australia proposed the Introduction lease of an IBM 650 to the New Zealand Treasury The modern computer age was announced to New in 1957.3 This was a safe choice; well before 1960, Zealand almost as soon as it began. -
Another ICL Anthology
Foreword On June 21st 1948 Tom Kilburn ran a program on the first electronically stored program computer in the world. Freddy Williams and Tom had been struggling for some time to make their cathode ray tube store work. Demonstrating the store was the key thing, for without a store the computer as we know it today could never be. This simple machine, always known as the 'BABY', was developed into the Ferranti Mark 1, the first computer to go on commercial sale anywhere in the world. Tom's program was the first program to be written and run. Some of us here in Manchester felt that the fiftieth anniversary of such stupendous achievements should not go unnoticed. So at 11 a.m. on June 21st 1998, fifty years to the dot later, Tom ran that same program again on a reconstructed BABY that had earlier been ceremonially switched on by the widow of Freddy Williams. A team of enthusiasts, almost all members or retired members of ICL, researched the design and built the machine from genuine 1940s components. This would not have been possible without the usual ICL drive and enthusiasm, typified at the personal level by Chris Burton (ex- ICL West Gorton) who led the team, and marked at the corporate level by sponsorship of the project. Anyone interested can now see BABY at the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester. Tom Kilburn says that it looks exactly like the original - except that it's cleaner. I mention this story because it illustrates vividly what has happened to our industry over fifty years. -
International Computers Ltd Opracował: Andrzej Goleń – Pracownik ICL Poland W Latach 1987 -1997
Kilka słów o ICL International Computers Ltd Opracował: Andrzej Goleń – pracownik ICL Poland w latach 1987 -1997 ICL International Computers Ltd – brytyjska korporacja komputerowa została utworzona w roku 1968 z inicjatywy Tony'ego Benna, ówczesnego brytyjskiego ministra techniki. Firma powstała w wyniku połączenia firm: International Computers and Tabulators (ICT) oraz English Electric Computers( EEC). Firmę ICL utworzono w celu zbudowania silnej brytyjskiej korporacji konkurencyjnej wobec IBM. Utworzona firma ICL prowadziła działalność w ponad 70 krajach i zatrudniała 26 000 pracowników. Podmioty tworzące ICL powstały również w wyniku procesów przejęć oraz scalania firm. Jeden z podmiotów tworzących ICL, firma English Electric Computers Ltd (EEC) powstała z scalenia firm Elliott Automation i English Electric Leo Marconi (EELM) w 1967 roku. Koncern English Electric został natomiast przejęty przez General Electric Co w 1968 roku. Firma EELM powstała z połączenia oddziału komputerowego koncernu English Electric z firmą Leo Computers (w 1963) i Marconi (w 1964 roku). Firma EELM wprowadziła na rynek serię komputerową System 4 we wrześniu 1965 roku. Firma ICT – International Computers and Tabulators Ltd swoje początki działalności oparła na maszynach tabulujących tj. technologii Hermana Holleritha. Pierwsza brytyjska firma sektora maszyn tabulujących British Tabulating Machine Company( BTM) powstała w 1907 roku. W 1911 James Power utworzył firmę konkurencyjną Powers Accounting Machines Company. W latach 20tych XX wieku brytyjskie firmy rozpoczęły produkcję oraz montaż maszyn ograniczając wcześniej realizowane zakupy maszyn w USA. Firmy BTM oraz Powers Accounting Machines Company konkurowały na rynku przez kilkadziesiąt lat. W 1959 roku mając na uwadze konkurencję firmy IBM, BTM oraz Powers Accounting Machine połączyły się tworząc International Computers and Tabulators Ltd (ICT). -
Computer Conservation Society Aims and Objectives
Issue Number 66 Summer 2014 Computer Conservation Society Aims and objectives The Computer Conservation Society (CCS) is a co-operative venture between BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT; the Science Museum of London; and the Museum of Science and Industry (MOSI) in Manchester. The CCS was constituted in September 1989 as a Specialist Group of the British Computer Society. It is thus covered by the Royal Charter and charitable status of BCS. The aims of the CCS are: To promote the conservation of historic computers and to identify existing computers which may need to be archived in the future, To develop awareness of the importance of historic computers, To develop expertise in the conservation and restoration of historic computers, To represent the interests of Computer Conservation Society members with other bodies, To promote the study of historic computers, their use and the history of the computer industry, To publish information of relevance to these objectives for the information of Computer Conservation Society members and the wider public. Membership is open to anyone interested in computer conservation and the history of computing. The CCS is funded and supported by voluntary subscriptions from members, a grant from BCS, fees from corporate membership, donations and by the free use of the facilities of our founding museums. Some charges may be made for publications and attendance at seminars and conferences. There are a number of active projects on specific computer restorations and early computer technologies and software. Younger people are especially encouraged to take part in order to achieve skills transfer. The CCS also enjoys a close relationship with the National Museum of Computing. -
Allstars Magazine Issue 69* Spring 2020* Keeping the Great ICL Community in Touch, in Contact and Informed
AllStars Magazine Issue 69* Spring 2020* Keeping the great ICL community in touch, in contact and informed Well, here we head off into another issue. We hope it finds you in the best possible health, although we are aware of a few sick colleagues. Raf Dua gives us a valued and potent history of his longevity with PERT and later, adds a strong appeal for essential support directed at the ovarian cancer problem. Moving on, we note the retirement home visit to the esteemed Mike Banham by Bob Shaw and George Webster. It’s then onto an exchange of correspondence between Irene Dawson and Kent Brooks, and Jon Duggan and Kent. Sam Green sends us a note from the UK, with mention of Anthea Vitarelli and Marcus Seldon. Coming right up, an item on the disappearance of great IT product names, and including a pic of associate member Mike Vanderkelen, and commentary on the COVID 13 virus in the UK from Jean Hackett. Thence an article on his experiences in OZ from David Hughes who also makes reference to Biff Grindley, Tim Boyd, Paul Beckhaus and John Watson. From an old ICL Reporter magazine we have a humorous aptitude test from MaryAnne Leighton. It’s then to some file shots that include Rod and Eileen Rodwell with Mike Benton. Page 1 of 26 Along the way, and at issue’s end, we catch up with Warren Grace, Pam Garnsey (in modelling mode for ICL), Merv Cooper, Peter Garnham, Ron Gasnier (with Helen), Geoffrey Howell, Hamish Carmichael, Gary Hoole, John Bannisto, Malcolm McLennan, Simon Fowler, Christopher Reeves on COVID 19 in Canada) and Brian Hackett. -
IFIP - Exhibition 62 Munich 26
r: A IFIP - Exhibition 62 Munich 26. 8. - 2. 9.1962 Der IFIP-KongrefJ 62, welcher der International Federation of Information Processing Societies durchgefuhrt wird, findet vom 27. August bis 1. Sep- tember 1962 in Munchen statt. Unter dem Namen IFIP-INTERDATA wird zur selben Zeit cine inter- Inholtsverzeichnis nationale Fachausstellung über Datenverarbeitung im Munchner Ausstellungsgelande auf der There- Table of contents sienhohe vom 26. August bis 2. September 1962 Table dcs matieres veranstaltet. Offnungszeiten: taglich 9—lB Uhr Ausstellerverzeichnis List of exhibitors The IFIP Congress 62, sponsored by the Internatio- Liste dcs exposants 2 nal Federation of Information Processing will be held in Munich from August 27 to Septem- Kongreßvortrage im Ausstellungspark ber 1, 1962. The congress will include a major Congress Lectures in the Exhibition Grounds international exhibition on data processing, called Exposes dv Congres au Pare dcs Expositions 19 IFIP-INTERDATA, which will be held on the exhib- ition ground at Theresienhohe in Munich from August 26 to September 2, 1962. Opening hours: Filmvorfuhrungen Films daily from 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Seances de cinema 23 Firmenvortrage Lectures of firms Exposes firmes 27 Le Congres IFIP 62, organise par International Fe- dcs deration of Information Processing aura der lieu 6 Munich dv 27 Aout au 1 Septembre 1962. Le Termine Firmenvortrage Congres sera accompagn6 dune importante expo- Time of the lectures of firms sition internationale sur le traitement de l'infor- Horaire dcs exposes dcs firmes 31 mation, appelee IFIP-INTERDATA. Cette exposition se tiendra a Munich dv 26 Aout au 2 Septembre 1962 dans le Pare dcs Expositions, Theresienhohe. -
ICL Technical Journal Volume 6 Issue 1
iCl TECHNICAL JOURNAL Volume 6 Issue 1 May 1988 Published by INTERNATIONAL COMPUTERS LIMITED at OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS iC L - r r p u |\ |i p / \ | The ICL Technical Journal is published twice a year by ■ PV.nX.. International Computers Limited at Oxford University JOURNAL Press. Editor J. Howlett ICL House, Putney, London SW15 ISW, UK Editorial Board W.S. Harbison J. Howlett (Editor) F.F. Land H.M. Cropper (F International) (London Business School) D.W. Davies, FRS K.H. Macdonald G.E. Felton M R. Miller M.D. Godfrey (British Telecom Research (Imperial College, Fondon Laboratories) University) J.M.M. Pinkerton C.H.L. Goodman E.C.P. Portman (STLTechnology Ltd B.C. Warboys (University and King’s College,) of Manchester) London) All correspondence and papers to be considered for publication should be addressed to the Editor. The views expressed in the papersare those of the authors and do not necessarily represent ICE policy. 1987 subscription rates: annual subscription £32 UK, £40 rest of world, US $72 N. America; single issues £17 UK, £22 rest of world, US $38 N. America. Orders with remittances should be sent to the Journals Subscriptions Department, Oxford University Press, Walton Street, Oxford 0X2 6DP, UK. This publication is copyright under the Berne Convention and the Inter national Copyright Convention. All rights reserved. Apart from any copying under the UK Copyright Act 1956, part 1, section 7, whereby a single copy of an article may be supplied, under certain conditions, for the purposes of research or private study, by a library of a class prescribed by the UK Board of Trade Regulations (Statutory Instruments 1957, No. -
Architecture of Computers and Parallel Systems Part 1
APPS Architektury počítačů a paralelních systémů / Architecture of Computers and Parallel Systems Part 01: Computer Architectures Ing. Petr Olivka, Ph.D. Department of Computer Science, FEECS, VSB-TUO [email protected] http://poli.cs.vsb.cz (Computer) Architecture The word architecture was not invented by computers but it was taken over from other disciplines. The term does not provide exact definitions, specifications or principles. From a modern, construction point of view, it can be divided into four categories: ● Structure, layout: parts description and their interconnection, ● Interaction, cooperation: describe the dynamic communication of all working parts of a computer, ● Realization, implementation: describe internal structure of all working parts, ● Functionality, activity: final behavior of the whole computer. To understand, how computer works, we have to deal with all of these aspects. Brief History of Computing ● Second half of the 19tth century: Charles Babbage constructed a mechanical computer “Difference and Analytical Engine”. ● 1936: Alan Turing provided a definition of a universal computer called Turing machine with algorithm execution capability. ● Before WWII: mechanical and electrical analog computers compute ballistics trajectories, momentum, inertia... ● 1946: ENIAC – first electronic general-purpose computer (18,000 vacuum tubes, 1,500 relays, 30 ton). ● 1947: John von Neumann introduced a design of a stored-program computer. This base design is known as “von Neumann architecture”. It started new epoch of computing -
Remembering LEO
Remembering LEO Frank Land, FBCS, FAIS Emeritus Professor, Information Systems and Innovation Group, Department of Management, London School of Economics and LEO Computers Society [email protected] Abstract: It is now more than 60 years since the world’s first business use of a computer, the valuation of bakery output, was rolled-out the LEO I computer at Cadby Hall in London, the headquarters of the food production and catering company J. Lyons and Company. LEO I had been designed and built as a computer to be used for business data processing by a team of engineers recruited by Lyons, with a basic design following the design of the Cambridge University EDSAC. The story of the Lyons initiative has been recorded and explanations of how a company in the food business came to build a computer has been told in books and articles in the last decades (- see Appendix 1 for a comprehensive bibliography of material relating to LEO). This chapter remembers the contribution made by LEO. Keywords: Business computers, J. Lyons and Company, LEO The late David Caminer passionately wanted the world to be reminded of the LEO heritage. He had been instrumental in setting up and managing the LEO programming and systems function (Aris 2000, Ferry 2012). He felt that J. Lyons and the LEO team had played an important role in what is now taken for granted – the use of computers in society for a wide range of activities other than mathematical calculations. And he was concerned because it seemed to him that the part played by LEO had been written out of the histories of computing then being published – the 1980s and later, and that as a result there was only a very limited memory of the LEO legacy. -
Computer Conservation Society
Issue Number 86 Summer 2019 Computer Conservation Society Aims and objectives The Computer Conservation Society (CCS) is a co-operative venture between BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT; the Science Museum of London; and the Science and Industry Museum (SIM) in Manchester. The CCS was constituted in September 1989 as a Specialist Group of the British Computer Society. It is thus covered by the Royal Charter and charitable status of BCS. The aims of the CCS are: To promote the conservation of historic computers and to identify existing computers which may need to be archived in the future, To develop awareness of the importance of historic computers, To develop expertise in the conservation and restoration of historic computers, To represent the interests of Computer Conservation Society members with other bodies, To promote the study of historic computers, their use and the history of the computer industry, To publish information of relevance to these objectives for the information of Computer Conservation Society members and the wider public. Membership is open to anyone interested in computer conservation and the history of computing. The CCS is funded and supported by voluntary subscriptions from members, a grant from BCS, fees from corporate membership, donations and by the free use of the facilities of our founding museums. Some charges may be made for publications and attendance at seminars and conferences. There are a number of active projects on specific computer restorations and early computer technologies and software. Younger people are especially encouraged to take part in order to achieve skills transfer. The CCS also enjoys a close relationship with the National Museum of Computing.