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Abacus, 99 Accounting Software, 139, 156–161, 183, 221, 223 Activenture Index Abacus, 99 America Online, 297 Accounting software, 139, 156–161, AmeriTech, 184, 189 183, 221, 223 Ampex Corporation, 49, 188 Activenture, 289 Anacomp, 154 Activision, 7, 275, 284 Ansa, 256, 263 Ada, 310 Apple Computer, 202, 243, 247, 250, 260 Adabas, 146–148, 151 Apple [I], 202 Addison-Wesley, 307 Apple II, 202–206, 213, 217, 220, 221, Adobe Systems, 236, 261, 262 224, 227, 253 Acrobat, 262 Lisa, 247 Illustrator, 255, 263 Macintosh, 247, 253, 256, 258, 261, Advanced Computer Techniques, 57, 262, 306 58, 66–69, 74 vs. Microsoft, 250 Advanced Information Systems, 104 Application Junction, 256 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., 239 Application Service Providers, 162 Adventure International, 277 Application Software, 117 Advisory Council for Applied Research Applicon, 160, 244 and Development, 24, 309 Applied Data Research, 6, 36, 57–59, Airline reservation systems, 65, 112, 66, 67, 73, 74, 79, 100, 101, 105, 107, 115, 149, 152, 153. See also SABRE 111–116, 122, 123, 148, 151, 168, Aldus, 236, 255, 261, 263 169, 184, 187, 189, 305 Allen-Bradley Inc., 106 Autoflow, 6, 58, 69, 100–107, Allen, Paul, 202–207, 253 113–116, 135 Allied Leisure, 273 Librarian, 116 Allways, 253 MetaCOBOL, 116, 135 Altair, 202, 204, 221 Roscoe, 116 Amdahl Computer Corporation, 143 Armand, R., 24 Amdahl, Gene, 143 Arthur Andersen and Co., 190, 195 American Airlines, 41–45 Arthur, Brian, 242 American Banking Association, 99 Arthur Young Business Systems, 307 American Management Association, Artzt, Russell, 182 66–69 Ashton, Alan, 254 American Management Systems, 165, Ashton-Tate, 203, 210–212, 219–220, 172, 178 227, 236, 251, 256–258, 263, 305 362 Index ASK Computer Systems, 123, 131, BMC Software, 102, 172 154–156, 168, 223 Boehm, Barry, 92–94 Asset Management Company, 102 Boeing, 110, 115, 197 Association of Computing Machinery, Boole and Babbage, 101, 102 66, 146 Borland, 236, 253, 257, 259, 260, 263 Association of Data Processing and BPI Systems, 183, 221, 223 Services, 1, 13–17, 20–22, 62, 63, 77, Bricklin, Dan, 213, 214, 252 307 Britain, 10, 22, 75–80, 130, 138, 150, Association of Independent Software 166, 175, 223, 300, 303, 309, 310 Companies, 74, 85, 130 British Tabulating Machine Company, AT&T, 144, 207, 240, 255 48, 49 Atari, 224, 249, 272–275, 280, 284, 288 Broderbund, 7, 210, 226, 277–279, 292 Atari 800, 276, 280 Brooks, Fred, 95 VCS 2600, 275, 279, 280 Brown, Walter, 129 VCS 5200, 280 Bundling, 177, 258, 285 Atlantic Software, 129 Burroughs Corporation, 26, 37, 48, 65, Attachmate, 172 70, 82, 85, 98, 174 Auerbach, Issac, 75 Bushnell, Nolan, 272–275 Auerbach Publications, 27, 75, 132 Business Communications, 26, 132 Autodesk, 236, 242–246, 261, 265 Business Software Alliance, 20 AutoCAD, 244, 245 AutoDesk, 244 C, 260 AutoScreen, 244 CADCON, 244 Autoflow, See Applied Data Research CalcStar, 258 Automatic Data Processing, 62, 73 California Research Association, 51 Automatic Payrolls Inc., 62 Calman, 160, 244 Auto-trol, 160 Cambridge Software Collaborative, AVI Institut, 148 307 Cap Gemini, 24, 77 Baan, 172, 197 Capex, 182 Bachman, Charles, 146 Carlston, Douglas, 24, 277–279 Backus, John, 31, 34 CBS Entertainment, 284 Bally Midway, 273, 284 CCA, 117 Bank of America, 48, 49, 298 CD-ROMs, 289, 290 Bank Street Writer, 226 C-E-I-R, 50, 53, 75, 76 Barclays Bank, 78 CGE, 175 BARIC, 78 Charles Babbage Institute, 26, 27 Barnaby, Rob, 217 Chase Manhattan Bank, 48, 49 BASIC, 204, 205, 260 ChipSoft Inc., 296 Bastian, Bruce, 254 Choplifter, 226 Bauer, Walter F., 58, 65, 66, 71, 75, 80, Chu, J. Chuan, 98 96, 104–107 Cincom, 126, 145, 146, 151, 155, 168, Bedford Software, 183 187, 189, 198, 307 Bedke, Janelle, 220 Client-server computing, 195, 196 Bell Labs, 37, 38, 144 Clippinger, Dick, 304 Bendix Aviation Group, 37 Clustering of software companies, 185, Benjamin, Alan, 77 186, 306–308 Index 363 COBOL, 35, 36, 47, 53, 54, 100, 113, Computer Sciences International, 76 135, 177, 205, 304 Computer Services and Software Codd, Edgar F., 31, 187 Industry, 57, 59 Cogent II, 115, 117 Computer Services Association, 77 Coleco, 224, 275, 276, 284, 288 Computer Space, 272 COMDEX, 216, 244, 248, 255 Computer Usage Company, 5, 24, 31, Committee on Data Systems and 50–52, 57, 59, 71, 73 Languages, 35, 148 Computer Vision, 128, 129, 160–162, Commodore Business Machines, 203, 244, 245 217, 224, 280 ComputerLand, 209, 255 PET, 203 Computers, numbers of, 89, 90 VIC-20, 224, 276 Computers and Software Inc., 62 Communications Orientated Computicket, 73 Processing Equipment, 84 Compuware, 168, 172 Communications Trends, 27 Comshare, 63 Compilers, 34–36, 70, 100, 135, 177 Configuration Utilization Evaluator, Complementary software products, 102 307, 310 Connecticut Mutual Insurance Com-plete, 151 Company, 219 Compton’s Encyclopedia, 292, 294 Consolidated Edison, 149 Compuflight II, 115 Continental Software, 227, 294 CompuServe, 297, 301 Continuous Integrated System, 154 CompuShop, 209 Control Data Corporation, 62, 82, 102, Computax, 73 109, 250 Computer-aided design, 128, 139, CDC 1604 computer, 80 160–162, 236, 243–245, 261, 265 Cook, Scott, 261, 294, 295 Computer Analysts and Programmers, Copyright, See Intellectual property 77 issues Computer Applications Inc., 50, 59, Corel, 261, 263 71, 73, 82 Cornfeld, Bernie, 83 Computer Associates, 9, 10, 27, 59, 103, COSMIC, 130 126, 136, 148, 156, 165, 168, 169, CP/M, 206, 215–218, 239–241, 249 173, 178–185, 189, 190, 198, 221, Creative Strategies International, 26 223, 231, 234, 264, 266, 297, 298, 307 Cricket Software, 183 CA-Datacom/DB, 184 Cross-platform software, 262 CA90s architecture, 184 Cullinane Corporation, 86, 122, 126, CA-SORT, 136, 176, 182 148, 165 Computer Craft, 209 Cullinane, John, 148, 169, 189, 190 Computer Factory, 209 Cullinet, 168, 184, 187–190 Computer Industries Inc., 80, 84 Cyrix, 239 Computer Information Management, Cytation Inc., 291 148 Computer Leasing Company, 80 Data Decisions, 132 Computer Machinery Group, 77 Data General, 159, 160, 254 Computer Sciences Corporation, 5, Data Pro, 132 12, 50–54, 57, 70–73, 76, 83, 84, 115, Data Products Corporation, 80 117, 195, 205, 304, 305 Data Systems Analysts, 58, 59 364 Index Data Transmission Company, 84 Ellison, Larry, 180, 185, 188, 190 Databases, 6, 101, 113, 116, 123, 133, Encyclopedia, CD-ROM multimedia, 134, 145–149, 156, 176, 184–191, 269, 288–294, 300 203, 210, 213–216, 219–221, 234, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 288–294 244, 251, 256–259, 263, 301, 307 Enterprise Resource Planning soft- relational, 31, 149, 168, 169, 185–191, ware, 12, 168, 169, 172, 191–198 198, 307, 310 ENVIRON/1, 151 DATACOM/DB, 116, 146–148, 151, 184 Equitable Life Insurance, 84 Dataskil, 78 Erdwinn, Joel, 66 Datasolv, 78 ERMA, 48, 49 Datran, 84, 85 Eubanks, Gordon, 263, 264 dBase II–IV, 7, 203, 210–212, 215, 219, EXEC-8, 143 220, 254–257, 259, 263 Exodus, 115 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, 41 Facilities management, 59, 62, 63, 72, Desktop publishing software, 236, 261, 73, 87 263 FACT, 35, 36, 53, 54, 70, 304, 305 DESQ, 249 Fairchild, 275 DeVries, John, 82 Famicom, 284–286 Diana project, 48, 49 File management systems, 103–105, Digital Computer Association, 32, 33 113–117, 132, 133, 145, 305 Digital Equipment Corporation, Financial sector software, 98, 131, 136, 143–145, 159, 160, 173, 188, 195, 138, 154, 157 213, 306 Flowcharts, 69, 100, 101, 113, 115. See Digital Research, 203, 206, 207, 217, also Autoflow, Flowcharter 234, 239, 241, 248, 249, 264, 289 FORTRAN, 31, 34–36, 47, 53, 54, 70, Disruptive technologies, 186, 187 72, 113, 130, 205 DistribuPro, 183 Fox Software, 256, 259 Dorling Kindersley, 292 Foxbase, 256, 259, 263 Dow Chemical, 195 Framework, 258 Drake, Dan, 243 France, 22, 24, 75–77, 175, 306 Draw!, 261 Frank, Werner L., 65, 91–94, 123 DrawPerfect, 258 Frankston, Bob, 213, 214, 252 Dun & Bradstreet, 168, 172, 191, 195 Freelance Programmers Limited, 78 DuPont, 195 Frogger, 226 Frost & Sullivan, 26, 132 EasyWriter, 183, 209, 215, 217 Fujitsu, 143, 174 Economics of increasing returns, 236, Funk Software, 253, 307, 308 237, 242, 243 Fylstra, Dan, 214 Educational software, 225, 227 Edu-Ware, 227 Galactic, 277 Electric Pencil, 209, 217 Game Boy, 286 Electrologica, 75 Garmisch, software engineering con- Electronic Arts, 283, 284 ference at, 94, 95 Electronic Data Services, 12, 62, 63, Gartner Group, 27 73, 77, 82, 83, 154, 195 Gates, Bill, 23, 180, 185, 202–207, 231, Electronic Trend Publications, 27 242, 253, 264, 265, 289, 291, 309 Index 365 Gatt, Lou, 66 Hopper, Grace, 34, 35 GEM, 251 Hoskyns Group, 77 General Electric, 30, 37, 45, 49, 51, 62, Hoskyns, John, 77 73, 82, 144–148, 155, 197 Hughes, 45, 46 Time-Sharing System, 203 Hughes Dynamics, 104. See also General Instrument, 274 Advanced Information Systems General Motors, 35, 70 Humphrey, Watts, 114 Genesis, 286 Hurd, Cuthbert C., 31 Gerber, 160 Germany, 22, 76, 130, 148, 166, 175, IBM Applied Science Division, 31 191–194 IBM computers Geschke, Charles, 261 AN/FSQ-7 (Q7), 38, 39, 41, 44 Getty Oil, 106 AS/400, 172, 197 Gibbons, Fred, 210, 220 Future System, 124 Goetz, Martin, 58, 67, 100, 101, 111, 650, 33, 90, 91 113, 123 701, 29–31 Go-Go years, 59, 74, 79–86, 121, 165 702, 33 Gorf, 284 704, 32–34 Government funding of R&D, 705, 33 308–310 1401, 41, 62, 90, 96–101, 115 Grad, Burton, 110 3090, 177 Grandma and Me, 292 7090, 44 Graphical user interface, 241, 242, 9370, 177 246–253, 256, 258 PC, 206, 207, 214, 216, 224–227, Graphics software, 183, 214, 216, 247 237–240, 253–256, 274 Grolier Encyclopedia, 290 PC Jr., 224 GUIDE, 33 System/3, 123, 132, 172 Gulf Insurance Company, 84 System/32, 136 Gupta Technologies,
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