DOCSLIB.ORG

Social Meaning of Bribery and Its Influence on Matatu Operators in Kisii County, Kenya

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Social Meaning of Bribery and Its Influence on Matatu Operators in Kisii County, Kenya SOCIAL MEANING OF BRIBERY AND ITS INFLUENCE ON MATATU OPERATORS IN KISII COUNTY, KENYA BY THOMAS GISEMBA ONSARIGO A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY, PSYCHOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN SOCIOLOGY MOI UNIVERSITY 2020 ii DECLARATION Declaration by the Candidate This thesis is my original work and has not been submitted for examination purposes in any institution. This work or any part thereof should not be copied or reproduced without the permission of the author and or Moi University. Sign:_______________________________ Date:_________________________ THOMAS G. ONSARIGO SASS/DPHIL/SOC/04/12 Declaration by the Supervisors This thesis has been submitted with our approval as university supervisors. Sign:_______________________________ Date:_________________________ DR. ABUYA WILLICE Department of Sociology, Psychology and Anthropology School of Arts and Social Sciences Moi University Sign: _______________________________ Date: ________________________ PROF. KIMANI CHEGE Department of Sociology, Psychology and Anthropology School of Arts and Social Sciences Moi University Sign: _______________________________ Date: ________________________ PROF. EGESAH OMAR Department of Sociology, Psychology and Anthropology School of Arts and Social Sciences Moi University iii DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis to my wife Gladys Nyaiburi, to my late parents Jason Onsarigo Ombworo, Jenes Kerubo Onsarigo, and to my three children Joy Bitutu, Joel Onsarigo and Jeanne Gisemba. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My first acknowledgement goes to the department of Sociology, Psychology and Anthropology and mostly to my supervisors Dr. Willice Abuya, Prof. Omar Egesa and Prof. Kimani Chege whose insightful comments and guidance took me through in making scientific discussions and analyses of normal societal issues that among others, happened to be bribery in this case. I will ever regard the trio as my Teachers and mentors in all aspects. I want to thank my respondents/ informants who without their assistance, the rich data presented in this thesis could not have been a reality. Unfortunately, because of confidentiality, I am not able to thank you by name other than refer to all of you as informants/respondents. I also want to thank my family for the moral support they gave me to do this work. Thank you for giving me a conducive environment to write my work. Lastly to all my friends and classmates Mr. Kibet Kurgat and Mr. Kigan Wycliffe. Above all, I sincerely thank the almighty God for His sufficient grace and goodness that surpasses all understanding and the wisdom He has given me. v ABSTRACT Bribery is a worrisome problem to both businesses and government in Kenya. One sector that has particularly been affected by bribery is the transport sector. According to Transparency International, the police are said to be the most recipients of bribes on the road. This study was therefore undertaken to understand how the players in the Matatu industry perceive bribery and the influence of this perception on their behaviour. The objectives of this study were: to investigate the social meaning of bribery among matatu operators, to understand how social meanings influence the tactics used by matatu operators to bribe, to establish how the social meanings and the attendant tactics affects the prevention of bribery and to examine how government policies, practices and laws on bribery intersect with matatu operator’s narratives. Social construction and critical discourse analysis theories guided the study. The target population were all the 36 (registered) Matatu Sacco’s operating from and to Kisii town bus terminus. The sample size for the study was 76. The sampling technique adopted was purposive sampling. In- depth interviews, focus group discussions, Key Informant Interviews and observation were the methods used to collect data. The data collected was organized into themes and then content analysis was used to analyse the data. The study found that the matatu drivers, conductors and Sacco managers attached various social meanings to bribery. This included bribery as ‘chai’, as ‘kitu kidogo’, as ‘a blindfold’, as ‘protection money’, among others. The study also found that these constructed social meanings influenced the various tactics used by matatu operators to bribe the law enforcement officers.These tactics included, dropping of ksh.100 note on the road, inserting money in the driver’s licence, transacting the bribe through ‘Mpesa’, among others. The study also found that the tactics used by the matatu operators to bribe made the prevention of bribery rather difficult. The study further found that the matatu drivers, conductors and Sacco managers had little knowledge of the various existing laws on bribery, and in instances where they were aware, they had little or no faith on their effectiveness in preventing bribery. The study recommends that citizens be involved in the fight against bribery. The study has clear policy and theoretical implications. On the policy front, the study demonstrated that there is need for legal, judicial, legislative and societal reforms. On the theoretical front, the study demonstrated that the critical discourse analysis and social construction theories are useful in the understanding of bribery as a social problem. The theories demonstrated that socially constructed meanings do influence human behaviour, and as such, to tackle social ills there is need to understand the language used by the actors and to comprehensively deconstruct the meanings that society bestows on social phenomena as a first step. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ............................................................................................................... ii DEDICATION .................................................................................................................. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................ iv ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................. vi LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ xi LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................... xiii OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS ................................................................ xvi CHAPTER ONE .............................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background to the Study .............................................................................................. 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem ........................................................................................... 11 1.3 Purpose of the Study .................................................................................................. 13 1.4 Research Questions .................................................................................................... 13 1.5 Research Objectives ................................................................................................... 13 1.6 Justification of Study ................................................................................................. 14 1.7 Significance of the Study ........................................................................................... 15 1.8 Scope of the Study ..................................................................................................... 16 1.9 Organization of the Study .......................................................................................... 16 CHAPTER TWO ........................................................................................................... 18 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................. 18 2.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 18 2.1 Social Meanings ......................................................................................................... 18 2.2 Social Constructions .................................................................................................. 20 2.3 Social Construction of Corruption ............................................................................. 24 2.3.1 Types of Corruption ............................................................................................ 27 2.3.1.1 Political Corruption ...................................................................................... 27 2.3.1.2 Bureaucratic Corruption ............................................................................... 28 2.3.1.3 Nepotism ....................................................................................................... 28 2.3.1.4 Petty Corruption ........................................................................................... 28 2.3.1.5 Frivolous Corruption ...................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Smjernice Za Opisivanje Različitih Kategorija Hrane Iz Dijela E Aneksa
    AGENCIJA ZA SIGURNOST HRANE BOSNE i HERCEGOVINE АГЕНЦИЈА ЗА БЕЗБЈЕДНОСТ ХРАНЕ БОСНЕ и ХЕРЦЕГОВИНЕ FOOD SAFETY AGENCY OF BOSNIA and HERZEGOVINA SMJERNICE ZA OPISIVANJE RAZLIČITIH KATEGORIJA HRANE IZ DIJELA E PRILOGA II. PRAVILNIKA O PREHRAMBENIM ADITIVIMA SMJERNICE ZA OPISIVANJE RAZLIČITIH KATEGORIJA HRANE IZ DIJELA E PRILOGA II. PRAVILNIKA O PREHRAMBENIM ADITIVIMA Pripremljeno uz podršku Češke razvojne agencije u okviru Projekta „Unaprijeđenje sistema sigurnosti hrane Bosne i Hercegovine“ Sadržaj UVOD ........................................................................................................................................... 1 Mliječni proizvodi i slični proizvodi................................................................................................ 2 Masti i ulja i emulzije masti i ulja .................................................................................................. 4 Smrznuti deserti ........................................................................................................................... 5 Vode i povrde ............................................................................................................................... 6 Konditorski proizvodi ................................................................................................................... 9 Žitarice i proizvodi od žitarica ..................................................................................................... 10 Pekarski proizvodi .....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • La Sociedad De Confraternidad Vasca "Euskal Erria" De Montevideo
    00 CONFRATERNIDAD 27/4/07 12:15 Página 6 00 CONFRATERNIDAD 27/4/07 12:15 Página 3 17 LA SOCIEDAD DE CONFRATERNIDAD VASCA ‘EUSKAL ERRIA’ DE MONTEVIDEO (URUGUAY) Xabier Irujo Ametzaga Alberto Irigoyen Artetxe 00 CONFRATERNIDAD 27/4/07 12:15 Página 4 IRUJO AMETZAGA, Xabier La sociedad de confraternidad vasca “Euskal Erria” de Montevideo (Uruguay) / Xabier Irujo Ametzaga, Alberto Irigoyen Artetxe. – 1ª ed. – Vitoria-Gasteiz : Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Argitalpen Zerbitzu Nagusia = Servicio Central de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco, 2007 p. ; cm. – (Urazandi ; 17) ISBN 978-84-457-2557-3 1. Centro Vasco Euskal Erria (Montevideo)-Historia. I. Euskadi. Lehendakaritza. II. Irigoyen Artetxe, Alberto. III. Título. IV. Serie 061.237(899.1 Montevideo)(091) Edición: 1.a mayo de 2007 Tirada: 750 ejemplares © Administración de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco Presidencia del Gobierno Director de la colección: Josu Legarreta Bilbao Internet: www.euskadi.net Edita: Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Argitalpen Zerbitzu Nagusia Servicio Central de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco Donostia-San Sebastián, 1 – 01010 Vitoria-Gazteiz Diseño: Canaldirecto. www.canal-directo.com Fotomecánica: Gráficas Varona, S.A. Polígono «El Montalvo», parc. 49 – 37008 Salamanca Impresión: Gráficas Varona, S.A. Polígono «El Montalvo», parc. 49 – 37008 Salamanca ISBN: 978-84-457-2557-3 Depósito Legal: VI-141-2006VI. 235-2007 Nota: El Departamento editor de esta publicación no se responsabiliza de las opiniones vertidas a lo largo de las páginas de esta colección. 00 CONFRATERNIDAD 27/4/07 12:15 Página 5 Agradecimientos A Nora Arteche por ofrecernos datos de interés sobre la Sociedad Euskal Erria de Montevideo. A la Dra. Arantzazu Ametzaga Iribarren por facilitarnos el manuscrito de sus Memorias de Montevideo que nos ha sido de tanta ayuda y por aportarnos el testimonio oral de sus vivencias.
    [Show full text]
  • A Demographic Analysis of Late Bronze Age Canaan: Ancient
    i A DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF LATE BRONZE AGE CANAAN: ANCIENT POPULATION ESTIMATES AND INSIGHTS THROUGH ARCHAEOLOGY by Titus Michael Kennedy 4812-032-4 Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF LITERATURE AND PHILOSOPHY in the subject BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA Supervisor: PROF COENRAAD SCHEEPERS Co-supervisor: DR SHIMON GIBSON 2013 ii I declare that: A DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF LATE BRONZE AGE CANAAN: ANCIENT POPULATION ESTIMATES AND INSIGHTS THROUGH ARCHAEOLOGY is my own original and unaided work that has not been submitted to any other institution for assessment purposes. All sources and references have been acknowledged. Titus Michael Kennedy UNISA Student # 48120324 September 26, 2013 __________________ ___________________ SIGNATURE DATE iii ABSTRACT A Demographic Analysis of Late Bronze Age Canaan: Ancient Population Estimates and Insights through Archaeology by Titus Michael Kennedy This thesis is a demographic analysis of Late Bronze Age Canaan (ca. 1550/1500-1200/1150 BCE), undertaken through the use of archaeological and anthropological data. The purpose is to establish estimates for the settlement population, nomadic population, nuclear family size, house size, sex ratio, and life expectancy of the people of Canaan during the Late Bronze Age. Previous studies have not addressed these issues in detail, nor had data from the entire scope of Canaan been considered, nor had a precise methodology been developed or used for estimating specific settlement populations and nomadic populations for Canaan during the Late Bronze Age. Thus, additional aspects of the thesis include the development and use of a new methodology for estimating ancient populations and a database of all of the Late Bronze Age sites in Canaan—both archaeological and textual.
    [Show full text]
  • La Historia De La Soka Gakkai
    La Historia de la Soka Gakkai (1) Los fundadores de la Soka Gakkai a Soka Gakkai tiene su origen en la relación rrollo de libros de texto; y estableció cursos por Lde maestro y discípulo que existió entre el correspondencia para mujeres jóvenes que no primer Presidente de la organización, Tsunesaburo podían recibir una educación formal. Makiguchi, y su segundo Presidente, Josei Toda. El 11 de febrero de 1900, en la costa oeste central de Makiguchi nació el 6 de junio de 1871, en una pe- Japón, lo que hoy es ciudad de Kaga, Prefectura de queña comunidad porteña, en la costa noroeste de Ishikawa, nació Josei Toda. Dos años más tarde, su Japón, en lo que hoy es ciudad Kashiwagi, Prefectura familia se trasladó a la costa oeste de Hokkaido, a la de Niigata. Pasó la mayor parte de su juventud estu- aldea de Atsuta. Después de graduarse de la Escuela diando y trabajando en Hokkaido, isla ubicada en Superior de Atsuta (equivalente a escuela interme- el extremo norte de Japón. A los 18 años, entró en dia), cursó estudios independientes mientras traba- el centro de preparación de maestros, y después de jaba, eventualmente obtuvo una licencia de maestro graduarse, se convirtió en un maestro de escuela provisional. En junio de 1918, Toda se convirtió en primaria. maestro asociado de una escuela primaria. Desde estudiante, Makiguchi había desarro- llado un profundo interés en la geografía. Como Josei Toda conoce a profesor, continuó refinando sus ideas sobre el su maestro tema y sobre la mejor manera de enseñarlo. En 1901, dejó Hokkaido para irse a Tokio y dos años Entre 1913 y 1932, Makiguchi había perfeccio- después publicó su primera obra principal, Geo- nado sus teorías y prácticas educativas mientras grafía de la vida humana.
    [Show full text]
  • E Yerel Kimlik Sayi 46.Pdf
    TARİHİ KENTLER ZAMANI DOĞRU DEĞERLENDİRMELİ sunuş Tarihi Kentler Birliği ve Samsun Büyükşehir Belediye Başkanı Değerli yol arkadaşlarım; bu “yol arkadaş- İçinde olduğumuz çağ bilişim ve teknoloji lığı” hitabımı iki türlü de düşünmenizi iste- çağı olabilir ama aynı zamanda ekoloji çağı rim; hem ortak geleceğimize giderken da. Doğamızı koruyarak; yeşil kentler, nefes biriktirdiğimiz düşünceler, fikirdaşlıklar, alan şehirler yaratmamız gerekiyor. Bisiklet geliştirdiğimiz politikalar, gündemimize aldı- yollarından tutun, halkımızın kaliteli, sağlıklı ğımız koruma çalışmaları... Hem de Anadolu zaman geçirebileceği; çocuk dostu, yaşlı ve yurt dışı incelemelerimizde gerçekten dostu, engelli dostu kentler yaratmamız gere- arşınladığımız yollarda ettiğimiz arkadaşlık- kiyor. Bunun örneklerini artık büyükşehirleri- lar, duygu ve düşünce paylaşımları... mizde görmek mümkün. İllerimiz, beldelerimizde de aynı planlamalar yapılmalı. “Arkadaş”, “dost” olma hali TKB’nin ruhunu Bu entegrasyonu sağlarken birliğimize de yaptıktan sonra doğru uygulayabilmek. Sayın en iyi yansıtan özelliklerinin başında geliyor; görev düşüyor. Bazı konuları TKB toplantıla- Edirne Belediye Başkanının Tunca Nehrinde dayanışma burada başlıyor. Birbirimizi doğru rında gündeme getirmeye başladık. Anadolu yapılacak rekreasyon projesinin bir karışında anlayabildiğimiz sürece doğru işbirlikleri yüzyıllardır muhteşem doğasıyla, bitki örtüsü bile beton kullanılmayacak demesi, umut geliştirebiliriz. Bu nedenle ön yargılarımızın ve hayvan çeşitliliğiyle bilinir. Kültürel ve vericiydi.
    [Show full text]
  • Byzantine Studies Conference
    Thirty‐Sixth Annual BYZANTINE STUDIES CONFERENCE 7‐10 October 2010 University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PROGRAM Cover image: Christ Pantokrator, 10th century. Green Jasper (Heliotrope), 8.2 cm. diameter University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Sommerville Collection, no. 29‐128‐575 W THURSDAY, OCTOBER 7 X 6:00‐8:00 pm Registration and Informal Welcome Reception (ticket required). Light hors d’oeuvres and wine. Registration packets available. Fisher Fine Arts Library Lobby. 7:30‐9:00 pm Governing Board Meeting 113 Jaffe Building ____ W FRIDAY, OCTOBER 8 X 7:30‐9:00 am Continental Breakfast Registration and Book Display (all day) Cohen Hall, Terrace Room 8:30 Welcome and Opening Remarks Houston Hall, Bodek Lounge 9:00‐11:00 am SESSION IA: NEW MATERIALS FOR NEW NARRATIVES Houston Hall, Bodek Lounge Chair: John Haldon, Princeton University The Chronicle of Galaxidi: An Overview of its Importance for Understanding the History of Southwest Central Greece Based on a New Study of the Ms. and an Analysis of its Sources Constantine G. Hatzidimitriou, St. John’s University Polystylon: A Thracian Byzantine Town in the Context of Historical Developments during the 6th – 14th Centuries as Deciphered by its Archaeo‐Anthropological Record Anagnostis P. Agelarakis, Adelphi University The Corpus of Dated and Dated Inscriptions from Constantinople, Bithynia and Eastern Thrace (in memory of Ihor Ševčenko) Anne McCabe, Athenian Agora Excavations/CSAD, Oxford Mapping the Jewish Communities of the Byzantine Empire Nicholas de Lange,
    [Show full text]
  • Toward a World Without Nuclear Weapons 2016
    TOWARD A WORLD WITHOUT NUCLEAR WEAPONS 2016 Report of the Joint Media Project The news articles, analyses and opinions in this report were published on line between April 2015 and March 2016. These can be accessed freely on: www.nuclearabolition.info. Copyright © IPS-Inter Press Service Japan Publisher: Global Cooperation Council IPS-Inter Press Service Germany’s umbrella Organization Marienstr. 19-20 D - 10117 Berlin Global Coordinator | Editor-in-Charge: Ramesh Jaura Project Director: Katsuhiro Asagiri President IPS Japan Ichimura Bldg. 4F, 3-2 Kanda Ogawa-cho, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0052 | Japan Design: Kaho Okuda For further information on Cover Image: Memorial Ceno- Image: Nagasaki National Peace creative commons licenses used taph, Hiroshima Peace Memorial Memorial Hall for the Atomic refer to Park. Bomb Victims https://creativecommons.org/ Image credit: BriYYZ CC BY-SA Image credit: Aude CC BY-SA 3.0 licenses/ 2.0 HIROTSUGU TERASAKI Vice President, Soka Gakkai, Executive Director For Peace Affairs, Soka Gakkai International As observed by various international efforts for peace and nuclear disarmament, last year marked the seventieth anniversary of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The international community is now entering a new phase of concrete discussions focused on the entire elimination of all nuclear weapons. At this time many countries are calling for the negotiation of a new nuclear weapons prohibition treaty to form the first step toward elimination of all such weapons. Nuclear-weapon states and their allies assert that such negotiation would be premature insisting that current security concerns legitimize their stance. They argue that while nuclear weapons exist, they have no choice but to maintain their own nuclear deterrents.
    [Show full text]
  • M Ii Stem 1 E K Eci Ii K-Kar$1S1nda
    Genei\l Dr. Mazlum Boysan Dr. Kimt.iger Nuri Refet Korur Hay at -----·...--- -··. HA B GAZLARI al'§' Jroruruna ve ::::Ansiklopedisi Tedavisi Herk okuma bilmesi elzem olan bu eser, ildnci def olarak yeniden ta­ Her eve liz1m olan bedildi. 528 sahif 140 resim, 1938 se- ~ok faydah bir nesi en son yeni malilmatl havidir. isTANBUL - CAQALOGLU Fiab, cildli 250 kuru~. eserdir. Onbe~inci y1l sayi: 5032 Telgraf ve mektub adreS!: CUmhortYet. istanbuJ - Pesta Irutusu: 1stanbul, No. 240 ~ar~arnba 18 May1s 1938 inkllib Kitabevi Teleton: e.,,muhan1r ve evt: 22368, Tahrir heyetl: 24298, idare ve matbaa l<LSm1 24299 • 24290 . ~ - - Yugoslav Harbiye Nazir1 fehrimizde Mii Stem 1e keci Ii k- kar$1s1nda General Mari~ diin geldi Tiirk Hatay' dan bu yirminci as1r ve Ankaraya gitti lekesinin ne vakit silinip gidecegini, Buyuk misafirin k1ymetli sozleri : «Kahraman Tiirk ordusuna Yugoslav ordusu­ biitiin diinyadan soramaz m1y1z ? nun selam ve muhabbetlerini getiriyorum » Cenu hududumuzun Celal Bayar1n izahat1! Hatayda son vaziyet Htesi de vaziyetin i~inde bulundugumuz safhan1n Ankarada nas1I ht ~ikati istilzam ettigi tedbirler alin1yor kar~1land1? Nihayet itira · ve ilan edece• Ankara 17 (Telefonla) - lsken· iimiz giin gel, 'lemif midir ki derun ve Antakyadan gelen son ha­ cenub hududu. 1uzun otesira berler, mahalli idarece Hatay se~imi­ ne her tiirlii volsuzlugu sokmak i~in de miistemleke(. · dii§man bir sarfedilen sinsi ve miifsidane gayret­ kuvvet yerle§mr tir, ki o da lerin azami hadde vard1gm1 gosteri­ Fransa yor. Verilen biitiin sozlcr, imzalanm1$ biitiin taahhiidler hilafma bir tiirlii fa eyrutta ~kan OT} n gazetesinin arkas1 Relmiyen bu kan~1k vaziyetin lg) Hatay sci;imlerind 1 bahscden Ankarada en ciddi tekildc takib edil­ digi muhakkakhr.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Joint Research Projects and Seminars(FY2015)
    List of Joint Research Projects and Seminars under the Bilateral Programs for FY2015 As of Dec. 2015 Counterpart Type of Japanese Leader Counterpart Leader Country Project Title Start Date End Date Institution Activity Name Institution/Job Title Name Institution/Job Title Udo Joachim Vienna University of Technology・ Austrian Science Joint Yoshihiko Fukuoka University・Faculty of Austria HERTRICH- Faculty of Mathematics and Transformations and Singularities 2014/4/1 2016/3/31 Fund Research SUYAMA Science・Professor JEROMIN Geoinformation・Professor Austrian Science Joint Kyusyu University・Faculty of Ryuichi Institute of Science and Technology Chemical labeling for hyper resolution Austria Akio OJIDA 2014/4/1 2016/3/31 Fund Research Pharmaceutical Sciences・Professor SHIGEMOTO Austria・Professor imaging of proteins Innsbruck Medical University・ Functional significance of the Austrian Science Joint The University of Tokyo・Graduate Francesco Austria Atsu AIBA Department of Pharmacology・ metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 2015/4/1 2017/3/31 Fund Research School of Medicine・Professor FERRAGUTI Pfofessor (mGlu1) splice variants Universite catholique de Louvain・ Fonds de la Jean-Jacques Noninvasive manipulation of human motor Joint Daichi The University of Tokyo・Graduate Institute of Info. Comm. Tech. Elec. Belgium Recherche ORBAN DE behaviors and memories by electrical 2014/4/1 2016/3/31 Research NOZAKI School of Education・Professor Appl. Math. (ICTEAM)・Post-doctoral Scientifique-FNRS XIVRY stimulation of the brain fellow Fonds de la Joint Masayoshi
    [Show full text]
  • Karendergi F74cb.Pdf
    Karadeniz Araştırmaları Enstitüsü adına sahibi / Owned on behalf of Institute of Black Sea Studies by Prof. Dr. Mehmet OKUR Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi, Trabzon/TÜRKİYE EDİTÖRLER / EDITORS Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Yüksel KÜÇÜKER Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Karadeniz Araştırmaları Enstitüsü, Trabzon/TÜRKİYE Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Volkan AKSOY Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Karadeniz Araştırmaları Enstitüsü, Trabzon/TÜRKİYE Doç. Dr. Bahadır GÜNEŞ Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi, Trabzon/TÜRKİYE ALAN EDİTÖRLERİ / FIELD EDITORS Arkeoloji - Sanat Tarihi / Archaeology - Art History Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Hülya Çalışkan AKGÜL Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi, Trabzon/TÜRKİYE Deniz Bilimleri / Marine Sciences Prof. Dr. Ertuğ DÜZGÜNEŞ Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi, Trabzon/TÜRKİYE Dil ve Edebiyat / Languages and Literature Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Muzaffer UZUN Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi, Trabzon/TÜRKİYE İktisadî ve İdarî Bilimler / Economic and Administrative Sciences Prof. Dr. Rahmi YAMAK Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, Trabzon/TÜRKİYE Mimarlık ve Çevre Bilimleri / Architecture and Environmental Sciences Prof. Dr. Cenap SANCAR Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Mimarlık Fakültesi, Trabzon/TÜRKİYE Sosyoloji / Sociology Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Hüseyin YADİGAROĞLU Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi, Trabzon/TÜRKİYE Tarih / History Doç. Dr. Ahmet KÖKSAL Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi, Trabzon/TÜRKİYE Uluslararası İlişkiler
    [Show full text]
  • Map 52 Byzantium Compiled by C
    Map 52 Byzantium Compiled by C. Foss, 1997 Introduction Map 52 Byzantium Map 53 Bosphorus Map 52 encompasses two very different regions, Thrace and Bithynia, together with the northern coast of Mysia. Thrace, now European Turkey, is open, rolling country with few prominent features. In classical times, its population was mainly tribal, and it never had any great density of settlement. It has also attracted relatively little research and remains largely unknown, not least because considerable areas have been military zones. The coast of the Propontis, however, was the home of Greek colonies whose names are already attested in the Athenian tribute lists of the fifth century B.C. It also became the site of the greatest city of the East, Constantinople, which dwarfed all the others in Late Antiquity (see below). Bithynia is entirely different. Its coastal regions, with the lakes behind them, are part of the Mediterranean zone. Throughout antiquity, the rich vegetation here supported dense settlement and continuous occupation. Behind, there is broken country with mountains that culminate in the Mysian Olympus; the eastern part is watered by the mighty R. Sangarius. Interior Bithynia was settled only in the Hellenistic period; it flourished in Roman times, when Nicomedia amd Nicaea were rival metropolitan centers. The regions of these two cities have been illuminated by the explorations and publications of Dörner and Şahin, and a broad district around Cyzicus by Hasluck. Much of the rest awaits systematic survey. Map 53 focuses on the area of transition between the extremities of these two regions, centered on the long narrow channel of the Thracian Bosphorus.
    [Show full text]
  • Perry Anderson
    Perry Anderson NLB Passages from Antiquity to Feudalism 0 NLB, x974 NLB, 7 Carlisle Street, London, WI Type set in Monotype Fournier and printed by Western Printing Services Ltd, Bristol Foreword 7 PART ONE I. Classical Antiquity I. The Slave Mode of Production 28 2. Greece 29 3. The Hellenistic World 45 4. Rome 53 II. The Transition I. The Germanic Background I 07 2. The Invasions z 12 3. Towards Synthesis 228 PART TWO I. Vestern Europe I. The Feudal Mode of Production 247 2. Typology of Social Formations 254 3. The Far North 273 4. The Feudal Dynamic 282 5. The General Crisis 197 II. Eastern Europe I. East of the Elbe 223 2. The Nomadic Brake 227 3. The Pattern of Development 229 4. The Crisis in the East 246 5. South of the Danube 265 Index of Names 294 Index 6f Authorities 302 Foreword Some words are necessary to explain the scope and intention of this essay. It is conceived as a prologue to the longer study, whose subject- matter follows immediately on it: Lineages of the Absolutist State. The two books are articulated directly into each other, and ultimately suggest a single argument. The relationship between the two - antiquity and feudalism on the one hand, and absolutism on the other - is not immediately apparent, in the usual perspective of most treat- ments of them. Normally, ancient history is separated by a professional chasm from mediaeval history, which very few contemporary works attempt to span: the gulf between them is, of course, institutionally entrenched in both teaching and research.
    [Show full text]