:I: Mouru Pasco Maaka, who told him he was the last Maaka. In reply ::I: William told Aritaku that he had an unmerried sister Ani, m (nee Haberfield, also Metzger) in Murihiku. Ani and Aritaku met and went on to marry. m They established themselves in the area of Waimarama -0 and went on to have many children. -a o Mouru attended Greenhills Primary School and o ::D then moved on to Southland Girls' High School. She ::D showed academic ability and wanted to be a journalist, o but eventually ended up developing photographs. The o -a advantage of that was that today we have heaps of -a beautiful photos of our tlpuna which we regard as o priceless taolsa. o ::D Mouru went on to marry Nicholas James Metzger ::D in 1932. Nick's grandfather was German but was o educated in England before coming to New Zealand. o » Their first son, Nicholas Graham "Tiny" was born the year » they were married. Another child did not follow until 1943. -I , around home and relished the responsibility. She Mouru had had her hopes pinned on a dainty little girl 2S attended Raetihi School and later was a boarder at but instead she gave birth to a 13lb 40z boy called Gary " James. Turakina Maori Girls' College in Marton. She learnt the teachings of both the Ratana and Methodist churches. Mouru went to her family's tlU island Pikomamaku­ In 1944 Ruruhira took up a position at Te Rahui nui almost every season of her life. She excelled at Wahine Methodist Hostel for Maori girls in Hamilton cooking - the priest at her funeral remarked that "she founded by Princess Te Puea Herangi. The work entailed made the best oyster soup this side of Jordan". The only administrative and household duties as well as making thing she enjoyed more than preparing food was eating the girls comfortable in their new surroundings. One of it. She was known to get quite demanding in later years the girls was Princess Piki, now the Maori Queen, Dame for a poha of UU, a jar of oysters, a bag of codheads or Te Atairangikaahu. some paua. She moved to Auckland where she worked as a After Mouru's husband Nick died of multiple doctor's receptionist and it was here that she met her For most southern Kai Tahu, early April means the hTkoi sclerosis at a reasonably young age, she went on to husband who was a returned serviceman. They married to Ka Moutere 0 TIU. However for the Metzger whanau remarry long time oysterman Joseph Pasco. Despite in 1949. and greater whanaulsa of Motupohue and the wider making her last visit to the tnT islands in 1982, she and They soon moved to Taumutu (near Leeston), Murihiku, early April this year meant a hTkoi of another Joe had many happy times together. They lived out their where her mother had returned three years earlier. kind also. On April 12th this year one of our taua went on retirement years in Bluff tending their massive garden, Ruruhira was plagued with chest problems for most of her last hTkoi, a hTkoi that will have led her to those she Mouru the flowers and Nick the vegetables, to a her life and before her first child was born she spent a loved and who have gone before her. continually impressive standard.Unfortunately Mouru year in the Christchurch Sanatorium with tuberculosis. Mouru Caroline "Bubba" Haberfield was born to and Joe had to move to Calvary Rest Home in 1996 when Ruruhira and her husband had two sons whilst living William Isaac Haberfield Jnr and Frances Mercy their home in Bluff became too hard for them to manage. at Taumutu and had another two sons and a daughter Haberfield(nee Bailey) on the 7th of December 1911. It was a move neither they nor the family wanted but one after they moved to Christchurch. Mouru was the first child in this marriage, but both of her which had become necessary. Mouru hated living in Ruruhira became very involved in a large number parents had been married previously. William's first wife lnvercargill and called her flat "the dark hole of Calcutta". of organisations, including the Maori Women's Welfare Ritea (nee Rehu) died in a fire, along with their two She loved coming back to Te Rau Aroha Marae for League, the Women's Institute, and various health children, at a hotel in Port Chalmers in 1907. Frances's kaumatua dinners and hui and it was hard taking her first husband George Spencer, died leaving her with two back to Invercargill when her heart was so obviously thirty Photo: Courtesy of Terry Ryan, Rehua Marae. organisations. She was a member of the tribal committee at Taumutu marae, and was kuia for many schools and sons, George and Stuart. William and Frances went on kilometres south of there. Mouru eventually got her wish Ruruhira Williams organisations around Christchurch. She was a respected to have another daughter, Koa Gladys, and a son, John and on April the13th we brought her home, back to the wahine rangatira on Rehua Marae, and had a strong Kerle Tipaho "Boy". Frances's two sons from her previous marae for her talsiaue! - and gave everyone the chance (nee Tuatini) involvement with the Durham Street Methodist Church. marriage, the addition of another three and the whangai to say their poroporoakT to her. Ruruhira Williams' karanga has welcomed thousands Ruruhira and her husband were a driving force in of Buku and Taura Hemara made for a large family who Mouru was a very thoughtful and god-loving person of visitors on to Rehua Marae. the early kohanga reo movement, helping establish the grew up in the small settlement of Greenhills, not far from and was actively involved with many religions throughout On July the 27th Ruruhira Williams (Auntie Lu) died, first kohanga in the South Island at Rehua Marae. The the ancestral kaik of Omaui and Owi and the shadow of her life, most notably Catholicism. aged seventy-six. Described by one of her fellow marae kohanga became one of her favourite places, and she Motupohue. She was laid to rest at the Greenpoint Cemetery trustees as "a real gracious lady". visited each morning at 9.00 am to say prayers with the Mouru had her name gifted to her by her Uncle with her first husband Nick. She overlooks the whenua Born at Raetihi, she was the eldest of nine children toddlers. Aritaku Maaka whose favourite aunty had carried the and moana that provided the mahilsa kai that sustained of a farming family. Her father, Te Reimana Tuatini, was She was awarded a Suffrage Centennial Medal in same name. Aritaku came from the Waimarama in Te her body and mind, the people she loved and the of Te Ati Haunui a Paparangi of the Whanganui River 1993, and was presented with a Senior Achievers Award Ika a Maui and had Ngai Tahu lineage from the iwi that combination of the said, and more the unsaid, that she and her mother was the daughter of Rakapa Potaka of by the Governor-General in Wellington in 1995. were left behind after the migration to Te Waipounamu. held so dear in her heart. the Ngati Hauiti hapO of Ngati TOwharetoa and Teone Ruruhira was buried beside her husband at the Mouru's father William was amongst other things a Mouru is survived by her husband Joe, two children, Wi wi Taiaroa of Otakou. Taumutu Marae cemetery. She is survived by two sisters, shearer. He worked anywhere between Hawke's Bay and six grandchildren,six great-grandchildren and many other As the eldest child she became her mother's helper four brothers and her five children. Ruapuke. Whilst in the north he came across Aritaku whanau and friends, all of whom cherish her memory. contents 4 Ahakoa he iti, he pounamu -Z News and reviews from members ofNgai Tahu Whanui TE KARAKA - Raumati I Summer 1999 6 From the Kaiwhakahaere -I THE NGAI TAHU MAGAZINE Nurturing our Language ::J: Raumati I Summer 1999 7 Building Partnerships EDITOR Gabrielle Huria Ngai Tahu Fisheries and Te ROnanga 0 Awarua join forces en- CONTRIBUTORS Trudie Allan 8 The Answers Lie Within Adrienne Anderson Traditional disputes resolution practices as the way forward - Ross Caiman en Linda Constable 12 Jane Davis -A Taua with a Passion Donald Couch editorial Ngai Tahu Taua Jane Davis shares her passions for en Jackie Curtis Murihiku and the Crown ITtT Islands c Matapura Ellison GABRIELLE HURIA 13 News from the Whakapapa Unit m Suzanne Ellison The latest from the Whakapapa Unit Jane Kitson Thelma Manaena 14 Kia Mau ki Te TIn Mo Ake Tonu Atu Rakiura Maori and scientists team up to keep the Janyne Morrison TIfT Forever Matiu Payne Welcome to issue 12 of te Karaka. I'm sure that you will find it an interesting Riria Pirika and enjoyable read. te Karaka always appreciates receiving material from 18 Moeraki Taonga Returns Hana Potiki our Ngai Tahu whanui from around the globe for publication in the A collection ofphotos returns home to Moeraki Tahu Potiki magazine - thank you for your contributions, please keep them coming. 20 Whose Fish Are They Anyway? Eruera Prendergast As Ngai Tahu we can never underestimate the importance of te reo A beginner's guide to the Maori Fisheries Debate Tarlin Prendergast Te Maire Tau in helping us to understand who we are as a people. It connects us on a 22 Caring for our Taonga Ariana Tikao fundamental spiritual level. The use of the Kai Tahu dialect has aroused Ariana Tikao offers advice MoanaTipa much discussion amongst us. Kaiwhakahaere Mark Solomon shares his 23 Moving Forward in Business NickyTipa views on the importance of te reo and the use of the "k" on page 6. Greg Whitau shares his business success Rob Tipa In the feature article of this issue, Tahu Potiki provides us with an 24 0 Christene Rimene Te Nawe Kii Hapu interesting perspective on the argument for Ngai Tahu returning to a more ROnaJs.a in the 90s - are they relevant. Matiu Payne shares his views Claire White Paul White traditional, values and principles oriented practice for disputes resolution. 26 Te Piitaka Korero DionWilliams Heading to the TIn Islands for the muttonbirding season is a time Learn Te Reo with Hana Potiki Tracey Wright that many Ngai Tahu whanui, look forward to every year. The research 28 Book Reviews DESIGN Jenny Rendall programme Kia Mau Te TIn Mo Ake Tonu Atu, being undertaken by the Don Couch reviews Mataora: The liVing Face on Contemporary Maori Art University of Otago alongside Rakiura Maori, is working to ensure the 29 Young Achievers PRINTING Spectrum Print plentiful supply of birds for generations to come. Taua Jane Davis is very Ngai Tahu Rangatahi on the move PUBLISHER Ngai Tahu Publications Ltd passionate about the islands and the birds. She and her whanau have PO Box 13046, Christchurch been actively involved with the conservation of wildlife on Putauhinu for Development Corporation Phone 03-366 4344 more than thirty years. Jane is currently part of the tTtT committee assisting Fax 03-365 4424 the university with their research. 30 Kiii Tahu Arts What's been happening in the arts? It is always encouraging to read of our young Ngai Tahu Ralsatahi ) Rehua and their diverse range of achievements. The profiles of the various Ngai 32 Vision 2025 - The Ngiii Tahu Roadshow Ka u.a te pl. uwhftl - Nirere uitro fines A summary of the recent roadshows Tahu Development Corporation scholarship recipients make for an 34 Directory of ROna~a Contacts and Delegates Contributions and letters to the Editor interesting read. should be sent to: The next issue of te Karaka is due out at the end of January. In this 36 Papatipu Runa~a, The POtahi of Ngai Tahu issue we will provide you with a summary of strategic options as a result TEKARAKA 38 Kiiti Huirapa ki Puketera~i The Editor, Office of Te ROnanga 0 Ngai Tahu of the feedback from the Roadshows. PO Box 13046, CHRISTCHURCH Until then take care and enjoy the onset of summer. 39 Waihopai RunaKa © 1995 The entire contents of Te Karaka are copyright 40 Regional Tamariki Ora Services and may not be reproduced in any form either in part 42 Tertiary Grants or in whole without the written permission of the pUblisher. All letters addressed to Te Karaka will be 47 Putea Mataura~a Post Graduate Scholarships assumed intended for publication unless clearly Correction 49 ROna~a marked "Not for Publication". On page 20 of the last issue of te Karaka we made mention of 'Te Papatipu Scholarships Opinions expressed in Te Karaka are those of the ROnanga 0 Ngati Wheke". Their correct name is in fact "Te HapO 0 Ngati 51 General Scholarships writers and not necessarily endorsed by Te Ronanga 0 Wheke Inc". Our apologies for this. NgaiTahu. 54 Crossword 54 What's Cooking Cover Photo: Flora Mei Reiri (Auntie Flo) pictured with her entry in the 55 Ngiii Tahu Noticeboard Rukutia Rukutia exhibition '~ Child's Christening Korowai and other Occasions". Picture supplied by the Christchurch Press, photographer 55 Kii Reta - Letters to the Editor Issue 12 published November 1999 Julianne Myers-Poulsen. 56 Toi Rakatahi © Ngal Tahu Publications limited ISSN No. 1173/6011 Raumati I Summer 1999 TE KARAKA 3 ~ Te Whare Oranga goes on Holiday The Five-Pound Note > by Bones Risetto :J: ~ When residents of Te Whare Oranga voiced thei~ desire Many years ago when I was a child I used to go to my We have a meeting every two weeks, after each > -r at the beginning of the year to plan for a holiday, a grandmother's. I often used to see her put a five-pound meeting I cannot wait till the next meeting, all of our " ~ decision was made to go skiing in Queenstown. Once note into an envelope. She would then post the envelope committee are the same so its going to be very good. 0 o the location had been decided upon, staff and residents off. It was to go to Kai Tahu for a fighting fund, I don't Now I had an opportunity to go to a te reo wananga, ...... took to working out what their priorities and interests were think she really knew what that would entail - but she which is why I'm recording this on tape. With the problem ~ ",. and what they wanted to do in Queenstown. Their first kept sending it down. that I have got, I just could not cope. It was okay to a :J: and foremost desire was to ski - most had never skied One day she said to me: "you'll have to pick up the point, but very soon it just got way over my head. :J: before but were keen to try it. Bungy-jumping came a five-pound note". I want to talk about a giant kauri seedling. The m mclose second. Their next priority was fundraising and It played on my mind until I went down to the South seedlings that grow on the back half of the tree that - looking' for sponsorship to support and ensure a Island with my wife years later. After finishing the tunnel doesn't get the sunlight are the weaker seedlings. I call ­ ..... successful and enjoyable time for all. Residents put aside contract down in Cromwell, we took over the singlemen's myself one of those weaker seedlings...... - groceries each week to go towards a grocery hamper. complex there. One day I met Edward Ellison and all the So what am I saying? I want to do something for ....- The support given by Ngai Tahu Development ROnanga representatives. Edward asked me if I'd like to Kai Tahu, in my own little way. I want to learn where I'm .... :J: Corporation in providing a bungy jump for us to raffle off sit in on a meeting, which I duly did. I got an appreciation from, I want to learn te reo, but there is no education .... and general wellbeing since the holiday is proof enough mhelped enormously in our fundraising efforts. Further of what my grandmother had told me. I got more and system in place for us slow learners. for them to be planning it as an annual event. m support was given by PACT (The community housing more interested in it and, as managers of the chalet I've asked tutors if they have seen other people like .... Special thanks to Ngai Tahu Development -0 Trust which funds Te Whare Oranga) and we were on complex, which Kai Tahu owned and which was leased myself at te reo wananga, and they've said "no". I should \iii Corporation, PACT, Coronet Peak Ski Field, TSS o our way. by a polytechnic, my wife and I had a great vision for this have also asked: "I wonder Why?". 0 Earnslaw and CCS. The second week in August was the week decided complex. If we could have a system for people like myself c:: c:: upon as the time to take a holiday. Some fast talking by I spoke about this at the meeting. Still keeping a maybe, if Kai Tahu could set up a correspondence-type Te Whare Oranga is a residential whare for tangata Z Kaiwhakahaere Joyce Lepper and the generosity of wary eye on that five-pound note, I started to gather in school, I have a vision that would work. I'm only too Z whenua who have had a psychiatric illness and wish to ~ some of the Queenstown tourism operators meant that what my grandmother had said to me - so, that was the pleased to share that with someone and hopefully good remain within a supportive Maori environment. Our » , all of the individual holiday requests ofthe residents could start of it. things will come out of it. , kaupapa is to provide a whanau atmosphere with healthy ::a be fulfilled. Last year I went to a hui at Auckland University, and There must be thousands of people like myself who ::a whanau values. The modelofsupport that we use within c:: This holiday was a first for residents of Te Whare I was just blown away by what was said. It made me want to learn but are too afraid to come out in the open the whare is the Tikanga Taha Tangata model, which c:: Oranga. Their comments in the visitors' book, such as more determined to find out just where I was from and to because of the embarrassment. I'd love to talk to focuses on people's strengths as a waka to promote "awesome" and ''the best holiday I have ever had", speak carry on and pick up the five-pound note and then try someone about my problem, which may be of help to volumes. The boost staff have seen in residents' morale growth. and do something constructive, ever so small but others. something. I thank you again for what Kai Tahu are doing in For my grandmother-I'm just trying to pick up what education. But I stress once again the need to cater for College Reunion 1999 she said to me and go with it. people like myself who want to learn. Easter1999 International Employment Tears of sadness welling I am grateful to Catherine Gudgeon My heart skipped a beat and Trish Young for making the Relations As I gazed around the hall above possible. Also to the people Association Where "The Old Girls" did meet of Tuahiwi and Rapaki who made us Sisters, Mothers, cousins, friends welcome and entertained us - not Conference Teachers and Principals long gone only with a wonderful meal but with We gathered to remember Maori songs, action and poi as well In July of this year, Jan West, In prayer, talk and song. - it was unforgettable. General Manager of the Office I thank Peter Tauwhare and of Te ROnanga 0 Ngai Tahu, Carefree, happy school days Nancy for the service they conducted was invited to be a panellist at Spent at 290 Ferry Road in the College chapel and for his the International Employment Laughter, chatter and memories appreciative speech about the mark Relations Association Con­ To each other we did unload. left on history by the women who ference held at Lincoln attended Te Wai Pounamu College. University. Where have all the years gone? I am proud to be one of them. It was So quickly and so fast an uplifting reunion that I will never Jan's focus was on Ngai Tahu Sweet and tearful moments forget and on behalf of those staff recruitment practices and On wings of time, now past. present, "thank you". the importance of incor­ porating Ngai Tahu values in Dawn Foote, NSW Happiness is attending a reunion. this process.

4 TE KARAKA Raumati I Summer 1999 Raumati I Summer 1999 TE KARAKA 5 :::D Nurturing our BUILDING PARTNERSHIPS ~ "o - s: Language Ngai Tahu Fisheries and Te Ej -t - ::I: "No greater harm can be done to a Runanga 0 Awarua Join Forces ~ m nation than taking away its national The closing of the Tio season has seen the cementing Ngai Tahu Fisheries say this partnership has ." ~ character, the idiosyncrasies of its of a very successful business partnership between Ngai "proved to be an excellent example of how a trading » » spirit and its language." Kant Tahu Fisheries and Te ROnanga 0 Awarua, as well as company within Ngai Tahu can co-operate with a :::D - being a positive move for the Bluff Community. rOnanga, both providing resources and skills, to the ~ Te ROnanga 0 Awarua were the successful tenders benefit of not only the individual parties but to the tribe -t The debate over the use of Maori came back that you want resources finding an answer that is acceptable for the job of harvesting and processing fifty percent of as a whole. Z language has raged for decades. invested in maintaining and to the majority that resolves the use ::I: the Ngai Tahu Fisheries Tio quota for the 1999 season. We've moved on from times when developing our culture and our of the k as opposed to ng. m They set up a company called Awarua Tio Development » speaking Maori was forbidden in language. There is evidence both in our Limited with the support of Ngai Tahu Fisheries to run :::D ~ some schools and institutions to a For me the issues are even own tribal records and in Pakeha the Tio operation and contracted the services of Rakiura (J) time of strong support for the passing greater than learning the language. recollections to support the view that » Oyster Company Limited to harvest the oysters in their on and learning of ou r language and All aspects of our dialect need to be the use of the k was universal across ::I: vessel FV Karaka, Skippered by Terry Dickson. Karaka ::I: culture. promoted both through the spoken the Kai Tahu rohe. Perhaps the most built in 1910, had been a tug and harbour ferry in ."- » The arguments against and written medium. We have a overwhelming evidence in support of learning the language tend to focus responsibility as literally "the last the case for the k rests with the Wellington, prior to being used as an oyster boat. (J) m th on the fact that only we speak it and chance generation" to not only retain spoken word that is passed from The season opened on the 11 of April and by its :::D that it is of little use outside a social our language but also our dialect for generation to generation. Many of closure on the 31 5t of July, 124,500 dozen oysters had m context. Business is not conducted future generations. It is not enough our traditional settlements continue been landed. Awarua Tio Development provided in Maori, no other to be referred to as employment for twenty-three people over that period, the nations use it as their "kaik". This appears to majority of whom were Ngai Tahu and was able to provide language and the "Our unique vocabulary be a remnant of the k training for two trainee oyster openers as well as numbers of our own dialect. proViding the opportunity for other staff members to learn people able to speak has taken generations In fact, examples new skills. Maori are slowly to evolve. It belongs to of the use of the k are Ngai Tahu Fisheries are looking forward to the reducing. evident from nearly continuation and growth of this partnership. Along with Yes, that's all true, us and it is the most every area within Kai providing employment for the people of Awarua, it has but the issue is not so Tahu including Kaik6ura, created goodwill for Ngai Tahu Fisheries and for the tribe simply or unemotionally appropriate tool Kaiapoi, Banks Penin­ in the Bluff area. It has also increased the profitability of resolved. Our language sula, Moeraki, Otakou Ngai Tahu Fisheries and, perhaps most importantly, the is part of our history. available to us to and Te Ara a Kewa. social benefits for Awarua that cannot be measured in Our unique vo­ Like our culture it tells us dollar terms. The feedback from the area has been very cabulary has taken who we are, it tells us describe our positive. The venture has provided employment and about our past and it generations to evolve. income for local people. This in effect has enhanced the paves a path for our It belongs to us and it environment, our economics of the region and made for a more buoyant young people to is the most appropriate economy. understand their identity interactions and our tool available to us to and their future. It is an describe our environ­ essential part of our soul practices as an iwi." ment, our interactions and our spirit. and our practices as an Without this sense of identity to simply promote te reo Maori. The iwi. I hope that the development of we falter. It's impossible to pick an modern Maori taught in most te reo Maori policy within Te appropriate pathway for the future if educational institutions is a ROnanga 0 Ngai Tahu will help we don't know where we have come construction representative of the address some of these issues and from. "One Maori Nation" mentality. set us on a future path that will I am very aware that this Nobody else but Kai Tahu, ourselves, ensure the preservation of some­ sentiment is echoed by many of you. will advance our own language and thing that is fundamental and unique Nowhere was it more prevalent than we require policy which ensures its to Kai Tahu. at the hui held during June, July and presence remains. August to discuss the future for Ngai A more fundamental issue is Tahu. Consistently the message addressing the internal debate and

6 TE KARAKA Raumati I Summer 1999 Raumali I Summer 1999 TE KARAKA 7 I integrate the imposed Band Council developed inclusive membership "desirable and valued" by the iwi c system with their own traditional policies. However, these policies do otherwise they, too, would have c - decision-making processes. Some tend to be multi-tiered. Firstly, you succumbed to colonialism (Alfred, - d en Indian communities attempted to use can become a rOnaka member if you 1995:76). It is important that we en -c band council government for one set descend from local ancestor A. identify these practices which occur -C c: of functions, such as village Generally the common ancestor naturally within the iwi and then C -t development and management, and associated with the local traditional imbue our internal and external -t m more traditional governing hapO. Secondly, you can become a political processes with their m ~ institutions for others. "Band and rOnaka member if you descend from character. We must not be diverted en tribal councils are often caught an 1848 ancestor. In reality, all those by the new-age interpretations of en ~ ~ between two cultures, Indian and who descend from the former ancient tribal concepts or by the ~ m ~ non-Indian, as well as between their ancestor will naturally descend from transliterating reformists who would communities and the demands of the the second. There is no need for the serve us more of the same old, same m en 1 world around them. In such a second clause of the membership old, with a colourful Maori label. en ~ context, Indian government is no POlicy so why is it included? It is Alfred draws a distinction between o easy task". (Cassidy, page 74) included because there are enduring what he calls 'traditionalism' and o I ~ Kai Tahu's current structure is also cultural characteristics that the iwi 'revitalisation'. Revitalisation, he I representative of a duality of ideals. are not prepared to relinquish. argues, amounts to the re-invention C cr------, On the one hand the of culture, whereas Historically as disputes arose within, and between, iwi and hapO, a number of mechanisms were employed to -t iwi has rejected a traditionalism is to -t seek resolution. These tikalsa were many and varied - different circumstances demanded different resolution UThe whakapapa traditions - hapO model, utilising of "operationalise - processes. Certain community experts would define which tikaJsa should be employed for which situation, o instead the rOnaka dormant values and o with an overall objective of restoring things to balance or acknowledging that which is correct. In some system. To allow for a tribe became the absolute principles located z instances this process may include a religious ceremony, appealing to an atua to restore balance, it may be z this system the tribal within the history and a simple act of revenge, it may be an exchange of taolsa, or it may be based in sound logical debate. rohe has been book of law. Disputes of land memory of the people" Kai Tahu have recently been faced with internal membership and boundary challenges. The existing disputes carved up into 18 (ibid 75). The resolution process, as articulated in the Charter of Te ROnanga 0 Ngai Tahu, has been questioned and a and resource rights could be separate takiwa. implication is that return to more traditional values has been proposed. Historically Kai Tahu would have employed a whakapapa Each takiwa is certain tribal values - based process to determine rights to an area or a resource. Expert holders of tribal knowledge were able to settled through the hearing of considered a man­ and practices can be confirm or deny the legitimacy of a claim, or a dispute, over boundaries, resources or rights. agement area and whakapapaandtheir isolated and referred the rOnaka are to and ultimately Te ROnanga 0 Ngai Tahu is the body entity, and the changeable nature of Despite that, Kai Tahu, and other iwi, charged with part­ associated traditions." modernised and app­ corporate that represents the hapO ascription. (O'Regan;1992) adopted the system and rOnaka icular guardianship lied as guiding prin- collective interests of Kai Tahu It has been considerably simpler to became the primary decision­ responsibilities. On ciples or as Whanui. 1 Te ROnanga 0 Ngai Tahu reduce the collective interest to the making forum within many Maori the other hand these philosophical under­ is also the repository of Kai Tahu's greatest workable institution, the iwi, communities. Leaders and geographical areas are not These characteristics are important pinnings to contemporary tribal tino rakatirataka and holds and and to reinforce the rOnaka system community representatives were electorates. A tribal member does to Kai Tahu and ultimately provide practices. One such example of administers the collective assets of as a self-management system. It elected, important hapO decisions not vote based on residency, electing the foundation for re-establishing cultural persistence is whakapapa. the iwi. The members ofTe ROnanga cannot be denied, though, that on the were made and local justice meted someone who will represent all Kai traditional values within a modern In pre-European times all things in o Ngai Tahu are the eighteen whole, the system is an imposed one out via the rOnaka system. Grey's Tahu living within a specific context. If we are to distinguish the known universe could be papatipu rOnaka as defined in the Te and, as such, there are original intention, though, to provide geographical zone. Instead, ourselves from the rest of the world, explained by a complex series of ROnanga 0 Ngai Tahu Act 1996. inconsistencies with the traditional a mechanism for rakatirataka, could members tend to enrol with a from other New Zealanders or relationships and genealogical Within this Act the boundaries of institutions of whakapapa and never be realised unless he papatipu rOnaka based on their indeed from other iwi, then we must descent known as whakapapa. The authority for each papatipu rOnaka rakatirataka. confronted the issues of whakapapa ancestral whakapapa connections. be able to identify, and then be, what Void gives rise to Darkness and are semi-defined and, despite the The ROnanga system was originally and tradition. Unfortunately, the only It is considered improperto nominate it is that makes us Kai Tahu. Light; to Sky and Earth; to Wind and confusing fact that some rOnaka introduced by Governor Grey during time the Crown ever gave these or elect a delegate to Te ROnanga 0 Historically we could identify a Sea. From these essential elements have taken on a hapO name, it is his second term as Governor of the issues due consideration was when Ngai Tahu who does not have unique dialect, seasonal calendar, all things can be traced and important to note that there is little New Zealand colony (1861-68). they intended to alienate land from ancestral rights in the partiCUlar area material culture, geographical understood. As new elements were correlation between the modern, Devised as a mechanism for the those who held native title. So, that they represent. So despite spread and ancestry that separated introduced into the Maori world then defined rOnaka boundaries and exercise of ralsatirataka, rOnaka were although rOnaka fulfilled a resistance to the enduring hapO as us from our tribal neighbours. With whakapapa were developed, new traditional zones of hapO authority. well received in some tribal areas, governance role for Maori a basis for tribal government the final this unique set of circumstances connections discovered or old The reason for this is due not to any although the boundary and communities, issues of Article Two product (Te ROnanga 0 Ngai Tahu) came the beliefs and values that are connections reconsidered to denial of the reality and importance leadership issues were poorly of the Treaty of Waitangi and carries evidence of an unresolved peculiar to Kai Tahu. encompass that which was not of hapO, but instead to the considered and the system was rakatirataka were never fully argument. The rOnaka boundaries Unfortunately, our iwi reality is an understood. The arrival of the geographical difficulties of locating incongruous with traditional tribal resolved. are loosely based on traditional hapO indirect and broken pattern of cultural Pakeha posed the problem of a tribe hapO in one particular spot, the patterns of leadership and gover­ The Canadian Indians faced similar boundaries and the membership development and few identifiably of men who were from outside the difficulty of holding assets as a hapO nance (Cox, 1993 Walker, 1990). challenges when they attempted to conditions are a combination of traditional Kai Tahu practices have realm of the known world. Tohunga modern electoral zoning and original survived through until the present throughout the Maori world quickly 1 Kai Tahu Whanui is the collective of individuals who descend from the five primary hapu of Kai Tahu, Kati Mamoe and Waitaha, namely Kati ancestor affiliation. day. Those that have survived, that forwarded theories about their Kuri, Kati Irakehu, Kati Huirapa, Kai Tuahuriri and Kai Te Ruahikihiki. Most, if not all, rOnaka have are "culturally persistent", must be ancient whakapapa origins, tying

8 TE KARAKA Raumati I Summer 1999 Raumati I Summer 1999 TE KARAKA 9 C Pakeha into the same frame of reference as the rest of were called upon to recount the relevant traditions. These using any of the tikanga below Bibliography _ the world. whakapapa discussions, and very often debates, are well umu ta~ata rights through conquest Alfred. G., Heeding the Voices of our Ancestors, Oxford, en Whakapapa cannot be confused with Western notions documented and are the foundation of many modern day mahi taunaha an ancestral right proven because of 1996. -0 of history. Pakeha history is a combination of recorded land and resource rights. 2 Once the right of 'ownership' the discovery and subsequent naming Anderson, A., The Welcome OfStrangers, Otago University, historical fact, physical evidence and a healthy dose of was established the 'owners' then had the authority to of the land or resource 1998. C scientific theory and opinion. The historical fact of Maori control access to the area. As Sinclair states, "Ownership tUturu te noho rights of settlement which are only Cassidy, F.& Bish, R., Indian Government: Its Meaning In --I occupation in the South Island is that of considerable meant that the occupiers, or those traditionally valid if there is an established inter­ Practice, Oolichan Books, 1989. mhardship, high infant mortality and irreconcilable wear acknowledged as holding title to the land, also held the generational permanence or ahi ka Cox, L. Kotahitanga, Oxford, 1993. and tear on the body. There are huge settlements and rights to exploit the land's, and the adjacent coast line's kai tao~a exchange of land or resource for tao.!sa O'Regan, T., What is the "Tribe"? Who is the "Treaty en middens that the traditions simply do not account for. resources". (Sinclair;69) They had proven mana whenua tuku whenua the gifting of land Partner"?, a paper submitted to the Waitangi Tribunal by ::tJ The whakapapa stories do not talk about periods of and mana moana. It is essential that we reaffirm the importance of the Ngai Tahu during the hearings on the Maori Fisheries starvation, annual mahi.!sa kai migrations and the slow It is this same process that determined which whanau whakapapa value and its associated principles to Kai Settlement, 1992. m painful deaths resulting from broken limbs and tooth were able to harvest muttonbirds annually from the TIn Tahu and to then consider how they may be included in Shortland,E., The Southern Districts of New Zealand, en decay. Whakapapa tradition does not record the Islands and which were not. "No-one argued about this. modern tribal practices. Capper, 1974. o mundane historical realities of Kai Tahu life. It was customary law. If a strange new 'birder' arrived Disputes resolution within a customary tribal framework Sinclair, D., Land: Maori View and European Response in Instead they are more akin to Old Testament fables, on an Island he spoke his whakapapa and if his claim could be aided considerably by a comprehensive, Te Ao Hurihuri, Reed, 1992. ,... telling and retelling archetypal parables imbued with was genuine, he was welcomed." (Wilson;45) The values collectively owned body of iwi, hapO and whanau Wilson, E., 77tT Heritage, Craig Printing, 1979. C theological idealism. The heroes, we assume, are real that were represented in those original TIn Island tradition. It would be an agreed upon, absolute book of Walker, R., Ka Whawhai Tonu Matou: Struggle Without End, --I and their actions valid as decisions must have tradition that provided the cultural context within which Penguin, 1990. _ a foundation for des­ I.IDisputes resolution within been an acceptable and resolution and decision making then took place. o cendants to claim modern accurate reflection ofthe The loss of a tohu.!sa tradition and therefore a broken Glossary day rights. They met­ a customary tribal associated tradition as pattern of tribal knowledge management has meant Kai Hapu Clan or Sub-tribe Z iculously recall the these same values have Tahu have not had an overarching view of tribal tradition Iwi Tribe battles, the marriages framework could be aided been maintained through to rely on. Those experts described by Shortland, who Kai tao~a Exchange of land or resource for and the migrations of to the present day. They were able to make an educated call on a whakapapa tao.!sa or valued goods whanau and hapO. They considerably by a are culturally persistent. debate, are no longer available and we need to pursue Kaitiaki Guardian or guardianship principle talk of umu ta.!sata, take Therefore, even today, an alternative if we are to continue to hold on to this Kaumatua Elder tupuna, take whenua, comprehensive, collectively before you are able to enduring tribal value. Korero Story or talk mahi taunaha, tOturu te collect tTtT from the I suggest we establish a process of research and Mahi~a Kai Food gathering practices noho, kai tao.!sa and tuku owned body of iwi, hapu islands you must first information gathering in an effort to collate an official Kai Mahi taunaha Ancestral rights proven because of whenua. Each ancestral establish yourwhakapapa Tahu record of mana whenua. A record of every known the discovery and subsequent incident representing and whanau tradition." right. This alone does karero, waiata and whakapapa associated with our awa, naming of the land or resource another line of longitude or latitude on the traditional map not mean that you can alight upon the shores of your toka, puke, mau.!sa and moana. That we determine which Mana Whenua Divine inherited authority of the land of Te Waipounamu. beneficial island and begin to take birds. But without first whanau, hapO and tOpuna were traditionally associated Mana Moana Divine inherited authority of the sea The whakapapa traditions of a tribe became the absolute having established the original whakapapa right there is with each specific area. Pakeha Non-Maori New Zealander book of law. Disputes of land and resource rights could no further discussion to be had. The whakapapa right A process such as this is unlikely to produce evidence of Rakatirataka Chiefly authority be settled through the hearing of whakapapa and their must be supported by other principles accepted as part exclusive rights for anyone particular whanau. Instead, Rohe Tribal district associated traditions. of the traditional ownership debate. we are more likely to see alternative views emerging Runa~alRunanga Tribal council "When the right to a piece of land, or its boundaries is It is apparent from the evidence collected by Mantell and regarding the one tradition, neither one more right or Taketupuna Rights which can be established disputed, these native lawyers are appealed to, and the Shortland that each district was in some sense owned wrong than the other. This gives rise to a number of because an ancestor has asserted case is investigated before all interested, generally near by the chiefs whose names they attached to it. This whanau and hapO having traditional rights of access to himself or herself over land or the spot in dispute. The counsel for the plaintiff opens reflected older traditions of settlement...... which tell of a particular resource area and numerous whanau having resource using accepted traditional his case by naming in a loud voice some ancestor, A, of the appropriation of substantial areas by individual a whakapapa connection to one takiwa as opposed to practice his party, whom he calls the root of the land. "Ko mea te chiefs...... either directly or more often through another. Takiwa Tribal district Tika~a taki 0 te kaika. Na..." is the form of the words in which intermarriage. After initial acquisition, however, the right I believe the process that we utilise to gather this Customs they invariably commence. He then endeavours to prove of ownership, and therefore of a say in alienation, did traditional volume of knOWledge should be in the form of Tuku whenua Gifting of land that this root exercised some right of ownership not depend upon the exercise of military or political a commission. A number of visits could be made to the Tohungaltohu~a Tribal knowledge experts undisputed by anyone, and deduces, step by step, the power. Rather it depended, for chiefs as well as many localities of significance within the rohe with a panel TUturu te noho Rights of settlement which are descent of his clients from this ancestor or root. If the commoners, on the proximity of genealogical of commissioners made up of acknowledged experts in only valid if there is an stablished adverse party cannot disprove the fact of original connections to ancestors who first claimed or lived at a the field of Kai Tahu and Maori traditional practices. The intergenerational permanence or ownership, or find a flaw in the pedigree, the case would particular place, or agreements between landowners to values and principles that would guide the commission's ahika be decided nem con against them." (Shortland 1974:96) transfer property. (Anderson 1998; 108) activities are those outlined above. This would go some Umu ta~ata Rights through conquest Each community invested in the production and Anderson is referring to the established principles of way to providing a context for the management of Upoko Leader of sub-tribe or clan maintenance of these experts and trusted in the accuracy Maori land tenure. They are well documented by customary practices within the rohe of Kai Tahu. Waiata Song Whakapapa Genealogical links of the knowledge that they held. During the latter half of scholars such as Doug Sinclair and George Asher and (This article originated as a discussion paper written by Whanau Family last century and the early part of the twentieth century below I have briefly outlined the core principles and the Tahu Potiki) the process described above was utilised a number of Kai Tahu term by which they are known. times to identify the rightful 'owners' or 'shareholders' in the many traditional settlement areas (whenua papatipu) taketupuna a right which can be established 2 See particularly 1910 Native Land Court of Enquiry - Invercargill, regarding muttonbirding rights, the 1891 discussions at Gtakou regarding of Kai Tahu. Particular areas of land were subjected to because an ancestor has asserted 'owners' in the Otago Block and the proceedings of the Ngai Tahu Census Committee, 1929, regarding the 1848 Kaumatua Lists all the elements of customary land tenure and the experts himself or herself over land or resource

10 TE KARAKA Raumati I Summer 1999 Raumati I Summer 1999 TE KARAKA 11 c.. »z Jane Davis -a Taua With a Passion by Rob Tipa mEarlier this year Oraka-Aparima taua Jane Davis, of some came to return. block as a marae serving western Southland. C Riverton, was made a Memberofthe NewZealandOrder Putauhinu, "I guess I'm a fairly stubborn person," Jane reflects quietly. Jane says the base of people actively involved in the ~ of Merit (MNZOM) for her services to Ngai Tahu and to which had "I guess I never thought it wouldn't happen, that if we kept marae is not large. That's a worry to all of us in the her community. In this article she explains to Rob Tipa kiore. The on long enough we would be successful. And we did and rOnanga. We find that the families that are involved are <_ her wide-ranging interests in the revival of herMuruhiku saddleback we have been and we are. the ones that carryall the load. There's a lot of work CIJ people. survived on There is some encumbrance, but I think what we have involved and it grows daily. Putauhinu for managed to negotiate through is very workable for "I think I could just about say for every rOnanga we do For Jane Davis, her family's annual mutton-birding trip 35 years, but Rakiura Maori and we've got a chance now to prove we need more people who want to take an active role." to the TIn Islands on the remote and exposed south-west the numbers can manage our islands. We have always managed them Jane's political influence spread beyond the Murihiku corner of Rakiura is like stepping back in time to a sacred never grew. but there are some things we will change and there is boundaries when she was elected on to the Ngai Tahu place visited by generations of her npuna before her. Two years ago, much that we won't." Maori Trust Board in 1989. She was the only woman on "It is an important family time," she says. "It's a strong Jane and her "Nothing will change for the beneficial islands; they'll stay the board. It was a steep learning curve and a stimulating link with our background and an identity of who we are." family took the same, but we're compelled to do a plan for the newly experience for her and at times she was very conscious "It's just that time of being away together and I think it's their belief in returned islands, which are now being called the Rakiura of the serious implications of the decisions they were doing the things you know your ancestors have done practical con­ TIn Islands. We do have to do our management plan making for the future of their people. before you. You might not be doing it the same way, but servation a step within a certain time and that will happen." "I'm probably better known for my common sense than when you walk that track at night it's the same thing that further with a ra era Ica Ion programme. ey Jane Davis has also been closely involved in the strong business management skills," she says with a chuckle. someone two or three generations before you did too. negotiated with all the families on the island, which took cultural revival in Murihiku during the last five years led In 1997 she was appointed to the board of Ngai Tahu Where you sit down to rest is often the same place they two years, and the Department of Conservation then by people like George Te Au, and others, who were Holdings Corporation, which holds the responsibility for sat down to rest too." applied for and got the resource consents required. It concerned at how fast their culture was disappearing. grOWing the pOtea the tribe received from the Crown That gives her a real sense of belonging and is the same has been so successful, Jane proUdly counts it as one Both Oraka (Colac Bay) and Aparima (Riverton) had settlement last year. for generations of Rakiura people who make the annual of her greatest achievements. strong Maori settlements in earlier times, but during the "There's a strong cultural and educational revival among pilgrimage south, whether they are "birding" seriously "Last year we saw some results but this year it has been 1940s there was a real popUlation drift from western our people but it's going to take us some time to target or just there because they love the peace and sanctuary absolutely fantastic," she says. There has been an Southland to Bluff, because that was where the work was, where we should best put our money." of their offshore islands. explosion in saddleback numbers, particularly the with the freezing works, the wharves and in fishing. And that's the challenge that lies ahead. Jane Davis traces her whakapapa back to one of the younger jackbirds, as well as parakeets, tuis, bellbirds, When the Colac Bay School was closed the Oraka­ earliest European settlements in the south when sealers fantails and tomtits. The fernbird and robin were also Aparima ROnanga rented the school. Afew years ago they and whalers from Europe and North America married into transferred there in the last year and plans are afoot to bought it through Ngai Tahu and are currently in the southern Maori families and settled on Whenua Hou, or return the mystical hakuwai to the island. process of refurbishing it with a new kitchen and ablution Codfish Island, just off the north-west corner of Rakiura. The family is strongly committed to tnT research and "I'm a descendant of three women-Wharetutu, who supports zoology students from the University of Otago married George Newton, and Popoia, who lived with involved in studies on the island during the birding News from the Whakapapa Unit Joseph Honor. My grandfather was John Hunter. His season each year. father, an American whaler, married Kawiti." On the political front, Jane along with her late husband Making it easier to contact us When you have completed the form, send it to us with a Jane's family has harvested tTtT on Putauhinu Island over Wiremu (Bill), has long been involved in the committee Did you know that you can now send email to Whakapapa copy of full birth certificate(s) to: many generations and the bird represents a major part that administers the Crown TIn Islands. "Bill was the Ngai Tahu? Registration Officer of their winter kai. member for years," Jane says. "But because he was With the increasing number of people using the Internet Whakapapa Ngai Tahu She says it may be hard for conservationists to away fishing we had this strange arrangement where I'd throughout Aotearoa and all round the world, we are now PO Box 13-046 understand the genuine love birders have for the tTtT, atten<;J the meetings and he'd go fishing." able to offer a direct route to Whakapapa Ngai Tahu. CHRISTCHURCH but they see the benefit of the harvest. The nn returns Bill and Jane Davis were married in 1951 and Bill fished Until now we have had messages forwarded to us from NEW ZEALAND every year and, while the population fluctuates from one out of Riverton. Later when he bought a larger boat, he various places, so we have decided to make it easier for season to the next, the birds were in abundance this year. fished out of Bluff and the couple joined the exodus to you to contact us directly. Just send your email to: Getting a fix on age "The annual nn harvest has supported a lot of whanau Invercargill, staying there several years. They eventually [email protected] There is always a lot ofinterest in looking atthe statistical over the years and I think it's a continuation of what a lot returned to Riverton, where they ran the Riverton Lodge Check us out on the Internet breakdown ofthe numbers ofpeople enrolled by age: of our old people did before us. It sent a lot of our children Hotel for a number of years before moving back to To assist people wishing to enrol you will find that a copy Pre-school 1066 to school well clothed. Riverton Rocks to retire. of the enrolment form can now be downloaded from our Primary school age 3408 It's been a good thing for the families down here. It's been When people first started talking about the Ngai Tahu Internet site (www.ngaitahu.iwLnz). Secondary school age 2131 a real industry exclusively owned by Rakiura people. Claim, Jane and her husband had a dream of seeing the There is a choice of two front pages depending on Over 18 4925 We're extraordinarily lucky to have the islands and we're islands returned to the Rakiura people. "To be perfectly numbers enrolling: 30 something 4109 lucky the bird comes back to us each time." honest, we didn't have a clue about the Claim except 1. Single enrolment - standard form for one person 40 something 3456 Jane and her family have also been actively involved in what our old people had told us." 2.Family enrolment form - for members of one family 50 something 2163 wildlife conservation on Putauhinu for over thirty years. With precious old notebooks from Jane's grandmother, living at the same address 60 plus 2591 In 1964 they supported the Wildlife Service in the transfer the pair were drawn into researching the history of the We have also modified the whakapapa pages to provide (As at 20 August 1999, excludes 750 where no date of the, endangered saddleback from a kiore invasion on islands and took the Claim to their hearts, eventually more space to record family members. You will see that of birth listed) Taukihepa Island to Big Island, which was rat-free, and putting their submission to the Waitangi Tribunal for their each parent now has a full page rather than half a page.

12 TE KARAKA Raumati I Summer 1999 Raumati I Summer 1999 TE KARAKA 13 »"- Kia Mau Ki Te Titi Mo Ake Tonu Atu s by Jane Kitson » Rakiura Maori and Scientists tea", c: up to keep the Titi forever " Generation upon generation of Rakiura Maori 1have two later. They remain the most abundant of all seabirds if they are unhappy with the predictions. screen at the other end of the tube. It can take several - heeded the call of the tltI. Every year they journey to the in the Southern Hemisphere, however climatic One of our social objectives is to maximise tangata hours to examine only twenty burrows, but the .... islands scattered around the shores of Rakiura (Stewart fluctuations may have caused recent declines in adult whenua involvement in the research. Eventually Rakiura information gained is crucial. Island) to harvest the young tIti chicks. The tm harvest is bird numbers. Many adult birds are being accidentally Maori will undertake the research entirely by themselves. Banding adults and chicks is also important. Asmall m the last remaining large-scale traditional wildlife harvest caught in fishing nets worldwide, especially in the The university team wants to do itself out of a job by stainless steel band is placed around the bird's leg. Each .... by Maori. It~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Northern Hem- helping build an ecological research capacity amongst band has a unique code on it and stays on for life. We -I a link to the isphere. This tangata whenua as soon as possible. can then follow each individual's survival, .... past and a.1/ Whenua Hou "bycatch" could Jane Kitson is the first Rakiura figure out when it first bred and -I statement of (Codfish Island) account for Maori PhD student in the whether or not it came back to who Rakiura \" hundreds of team, and there have its birth place to breed. We Maori are. It is thousands of been at least ten Kai know tm can live a a sign of the ":}/"ol tmdeathseach Tahu involved with th~ Honeymoon ~.(l· . e",a long time, on ~ ~ttj ,\\~ future too - a d J year. fieldwork so far. Chick, average about ~o e~1> _~ practical de- J.", ',.J' Rakiura Detta Russell has --...... rearmg sixteen years. monstration of . ll: • Maori want tnT been one of the .:f:.o We have recap­ I>' Rakiura Mana w henua to remain plent- main Rakiura tured one bird in the driving .., iful for future research as­ banded years Snares Mating seat to man- I'--~~~~~~--' generations to sistants. But and Burrow ago by the wild­ age and safe- harvest. This the research preparation life service that guard mahinga f N led them to team needs is at least thirty­ kai. Rakiura develop the Kia more tangata two years old!

Maori are the ~r~/J.:: Mau Ki Te TIti whenua to step We have already kaitiaki of the V': ME> Ake Tonu forward for the banded more than tnT. Atu (Keep The mahi, especially more '\ eight thousand for Putauhinu Island The har- TltT Forever) students to train as "9- the research project. vest starts at 0 20 research pro- ecologists. ~G-. One of the hard­ ! ! , ! ! the beginning ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~_m_._~~~ gffimme~19~. The kaitiaki are hard ISII est tasks for the research of April and can last until the end of May. Many mutton- The Rakiura TIti Island Administration Body is the elected working volunteers who the 'Vo Jut\e team is to put all of these birders arrive on their manu (birding ground) as early as group of muttonbirders taking measures to manage the research team could not do ~J]$~ ~~./ measurements together in a March the 15th in order to prepare for the oncoming sea- resource. They sought and were granted approval by the without. The research is expensive. I) Itern; h re ~ computer simulation model. son. The season is divided into two periods - the nanao muttonbirding community to enter into a co-management It is funded mainly by the Found-ation for sp e This is the main tool we will use to and rama (torching). Nanao literally means "to bring research project with ecologists for the University of Re-search, Science and Technology through predict future trends in tIti numbers, and to forth". It refers to the period when the chicks are taken Otago. The primary aim is to safeguard the tIti resource their Public Good Science Fund. Te ROnanga 0 Ngai simulate what would happen if current harvests were from their nesting burrows during the daytime. By late for Rakiura Maori and their mokopuna. Tahu, NZAluminium Smel-ters, the Pacific Conservation decreased or increased. Christine Hunter is a PhD April the young birds begin to emerge from their burrows A 'cultural safety' contract guides the working and Development Trust and the University of Otago have student working with David Fletcher and Henrik Moller at night to flap their wings and lose down. This starts the partnership. Rakiura Maori retain complete ownership also generously ass-isted in estab-lishing the study. to do this complex job. rama - when chicks are harvested by torchlight. of the intellectual property rights of the traditional South West helicop-ters give the team a lift, by shifting It is exciting to apply Pakeha science to help Biologists call tnT by their latin name puffinus environmental knOWledge. Scientific data gathered on the research gear to and from the TIti Islands for free. understand what is happening to tnT abundance, and to griseus. Many Pakeha ornithologists call them sooty tnT ecology and harvests is jointly owned by the University Much of the research is centred on Putauhinu test whether the harvest has much influence on tltT shearwaters. The tOpuna called the adults hakoko, of Otago and Rakiura Maori. The scientific data must be Island. Birders there have generously set aside rahui numbers in the long term. But, it is just as important to kaiaka and kaihoka. 2 The tnT whakapapa links them to published, no matter what it predicts about the areas where hatches have been placed overthe nesting record and understand kaitiakitanga, matauranga Maori the Order Procellariiformes, which also includes sustainability or otherwise of the tTtT harvests. This chambers. This allows researchers to extract the chicks and traditional environmental knowledge of the tnT albatrosses. safeguards the integrity and scientific ethics of the to measure their growth and survival to fledglings and to harvest. Traditional environmental knowledge and Our birds are remarkable travellers, migrating from research team. However, the results must first be compare their size with the chicks that are harvested. matauranga Maori are a mixture of spiritual and natural Rakiura to the Northern Hemisphere and back each year. communicated to Rakiura Maori and practising birders Research is also carried out on the Snares and Whenua history knowledge learned and passed down over Breeding adults arrive back in New Zealand waters in to help interpret them. Rakiura Maori can demand that Hou to compare unharvested sites with harvested ones. centuries by the tOpuna. The Rakiura tnT harvesters late September, while non-breeders arrive a month or the data is given to other scientists for asecond opinion TIti abundance and breeding success is measured understand the seasonal patterns of the birds, their using a "burrowscope". This is a miniature infrared movements, growth, feeding, chick care, fledgling camera on the end of a long tube that we gently behaviour, fatness and harvestability. Any resource user 1 Ngai Tahu who hold hereditary rights to the TIlT Islands. 2 Ashwell, H. 1999. Te Reo Maori me !sa Pepeha 0 t'iwi Rakiura ma Wai Urua I te Heke Hao Kai T1ti I ka Ra Kua Pahure. University of Otago manoeuvre deep down burrows. Pictures of eggs, chicks must monitor trends in resource abundance, so the Wildlife Management Report, Number 116. or adults in the burrow are relayed to a small television research team is paying particular attention to the birders

14 TE KARAKA Raumali I Summer 1999 Raumati I Summer 1999 TE KARAKA 15 approaches to environmental man­ As young Rakiura Maori take up science to help agement in New Zealand. retain their traditional cultural practices in a modern - Several Rakiura Maori kaumatua world, they can also retain some of the very best of their - » have shared their knowledge to guide our " legacy from their topuna. Kaitiakitanga and matauranga "» s: research. To date, Jane Kitson has Maori are taonga, alive and just as relevant today as they recorded interviews with thirteen birders. were then. Together with science they are working to help 3: » These tapes will be a valuable resource Maori keep the nn forever. » c: for generations to come, but in the meantime they are a practical way of c: obtaining guidance from Rakiura Maori - elders. -f It is early days yet - we expect the - " study to need at least another six years. "-f m ., But already there are signs of the power m -I and depth of the traditional environmental -I knowledge of changes to ntT over the past few knowledge held by the tnT harvesters. Phil Lyver was the ::!, -f generations. Matauranga includes an underlying first PhD student in our team. By listening carefully to -I environmental philosophy and tikanga to guide safe some of the birders from Poutama Island he was able to :::!, harvest and protect the islands for the future generations. focus his science on a few key questions. The twenty The Kia Mau Ki Te TIn Mo Ake Tonu Atu research years of harvesting records given to him by one birder project will record and compare the similarities and showed some remarkably strong patterns linked to EI differences between ecological science and matauranga Nino weather fluctuations. Already the researchers are in guiding natural resource use so that the value of the twenty years ahead of where they would have been knowledge and Maori-style management can be without this information and several research priorities assessed and shown off. In this way we hope the tnT have altered as a result. This is a superb practical harvesters can gift lessons of wider importance to Ngai example of how Maori traditional environmental Tahu, other Maori and Pakeha wanting to foster bicultural knOWledge and science can spark off each other.

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please post this form back to Till times, /Sa Kaitiaki 0 !ia tltT Back Row: (Left to right) Paddy Gilroy, Stewart BUll, Julian Department of Zoology, University of Otago, McKay, Tane Davis, Michael Skerrett, Ronnie Bull. P.O. Box 56, Dunedin or fax it to (03) 479 7584. Front Row: Lesley Rewi, Margaret Bragg, Jane Davis.

16 TE KARAKA Raumali I Summer 1999 Raumati I Summer 1999 TE KARAKA 17 / 18 TE KARAKA Raumati r Summer 1999 Authorities (UMAs). As an alternative, significant commercial success in a So is there any light at the end they have argued that if the wide range of business ventures, of the tunnel? The answer to that :E WHOSE FISH ARE THEY Commission is legally bound to including fisheries, over the past question is currently in the hands of allocate its assets to iwi, then they, decade and it is frustrating to see the courts. By about the middle of :r: as contemporary groupings of Maori some Maori lacking the confidence next year we should know if the o fA ~AY!? individuals, are just as much "iwi" as in their own people. Optimum Allocation Model for the en are the "traditional tribes". So, as the newspaper articles PRESA assets, as agreed by a Either way, the UMAs' arg­ ask, why can't Maori just agree on significant majority of iwi Maori after m ument is based on the idea that iwi how the assets should be allocated? an extensive and thorough ." are outdated dinosaurs, incapable of The truth is that iwi Maori have consultation process, will be given A Beginner's Guide to the delivering benefits to all of their largely agreed to the compromise effect. -en members. The approximately twenty­ model (the "Optimum Allocation In the meantime, neither the :r: three thousand Ngai Tahu individuals Model") outlined above. The Commission, nor Ngai Tahu and .--J Maori Fisheries Debate who have enrolled on the tribal Commission reports that 71 % of iwi other iwi fishing companies, have sat register since the first evidence was (including Ngai Tahu), representing passively waiting for a result. Since presented to the Waitangi Tribunal in at least sixty-one percent of the 1990, the Commission has offered It is now a decade since the Waitangi Yet, while the redress secured under reports, and is, therefore, consistent 1986 do not seem to share that Maori population have signalled their quota to all iwi by means of annual Tribunal heard the evidence of the the Ngai Tahu Deed of Settlement with the reasoning that led to the pessimistic view. acceptance of that model. As Ta leases. This has allowed iwi fishing losses suffered by generations of was delivered to the tribe within three fisheries settlement in the first place. These contrary views have Tipene O'Regan (Chair of the companies to not only build capacity Ngai Tahu as a result of breaches of weeks of the passage of the Ngai It is not, however, the view shared absorbed large amounts of court Commission) pointed out recently in and expertise in the fishing industry the Treaty of Waitangi by successive Tahu Claims Settlement Act, the by everyone. time over the last five years, as well the Commission's Annual Report: but also to return income into tribal governments.The Tribunal pro­ benefits of the 1989 and 1992 First, there is the argument as huge amounts of money; money "Since when, in a democratic society, coffers to contribute to a full range of duced three separate reports, which fisheries settlements have yet to which says that an iwi's share of the which should have been used forthe has a sixty-one percent poll been cultural and social development by and large upheld Ngai Tahu's arrive. Why is this? fisheries assets should be benefit of Maori. The Court of Appeal insufficient to put an issue beyond programmes, such as education claims. The Tribunal recommended The problem lies in the fact that, determined by reference to the size is currently considering the matter. doubt? That is a margin our political grants, for example. that Ngai Tahu and the Crown should while tt\e 1998 settlement dealt only of that tribe in terms of population, So far, the only beneficiaries of the party leaders can only fantasise The issues that led to the attempt to negotiate a settlement of with rei Tahu's claims and interests, i.e, the more people that whakapapa protracted litigation seem to have about. It is substantially greater than fisheries settlements with the Crown those claims, and these have the two fisheries settlements were to an iwi, the more assets that iwi been the lawyers. In an attempt to that by which the biggest recent arise largely out of Ngai Tahu's claim subsequently been addressed "global" settlements of all Maori should receive. This approach satisfy all of the parties, the change in our electoral system, to the Waitangi Tribunal, and the through two separate processes. cl~t'ri!' in relation to fisheries. The obviously shifted the focus from Commission's current proposal for MMP, was mandated by the Tribunal's subsequent Ngai Tahu In September 1992, Ngai Tahu, c4w has left Maori, via the redress for rights, to one of "equity" allocation of PRESA includes the electorate." Sea Fisheries Report in 1992. The along with all other iwi in Te Commission, with the apparently (or ''fairness'') and social needs. establishment of a $10 million trust So if agreement has largely Ngai Tahu Claim cannot, therefore, Waipounamu and Aotearoa. agreed simple task of dividing up the assets This divergence amongst iwi fund aimed at those Maori who might been reached, why hasn't allocation be considered to have been formally to a settlement of all historical claims it currently holds between those iwi held up the allocation of assets for not otherwise benefit from the occurred? Because, at the time of settled until such time as these in relation to fisheries. Thatagreement who aJ:e entitled to them. But that is some time, but has now essentially allocation of these fisheries assets. writing, the Commission is prevented fisheries assets have been allocated built on a 1989 "interim" settlement, .the problems start. been addressed by the Commission's Finally, there are those who by a High Court injunction from to the tribe. Only at that point will which provided for ten percent of gai Tahu's fundamental proposed "compromise model". That suggest that the only way out of this continuing with the allocation members of Ngai Tahu Whanui, and in all fish spe . s then within ?osftlon in the debate has not model would see- "inshore" fish increasingly complex debate is for process until the next round of other tribes as well, be in a position t Stem he: N~i -r:a,n,u WJJanui, as an stocks (ie. those caught at a depth the Commission not to allocate the litigation has been disposed of. This trUly to determine their own future in tea assets at all. They argue that the litigation (known as the "Ryder the business and activity of fishing. continue to proceedings") alleges that the en by Justine Inns as a whole ­ Commission has demonstrat It is Settlement Implementatfl:mUnit successful at biat towards the "mana whe d's' te the malta moana" argument and t$ iwi tmo espouse it, particulanlifINri IdiIIlhltlt"'or t TahU. The proeeedings, in on even f cor'I\1P_. dividual COm Ars plicatiort Ngii "Ii -,;1!,.pt61~.IS sc if! t e Its a Te ROnanga Ngai TahfJ h ecently mandated a Fisheries

s un s s rangely modelled on the Ngai Tahu Negotiating to tribes at all, but should be shared similar to the colonial paternalism of Group which was responsible for the It took a further six years for the by any number of groups who might the past which said that iwi Maori did settlement of the main land claim ­ redress of the remainder of Ngai represent Maori. This argument has not have the skills to manage their to use all means available to it to Tahu's claims, referred to generically been led by groups who refer to own assets and could not be trusted defend and secure the interests of as the "land claims", to be negotiated. themselves as Urban Maori to do so. Ngai Tahu, along with Ngai Tahu Whanui in the fisheries several other iwi, have had debate.

20 TE KARAKA Raumati I Summar 1999 A a u mat i I Sum mar 1999 TE KARAKA 21

---~------~-•. tD »o Moving Forward in c: ::x:J Caring For Our Taonga: en - -z Z manuscripts and photographs m G) Business en Greg Whitau has been working in been successfully running for the en o" Ariana Tikao international freight forwarding since past two years. Greg was keen to be he left school at the age of seen as a Maori business, which is -C ::x:J Befor~ the Pakeha arrived in Te Waipounamu, we used fluctuate in our home environment. Most things can cope to record our whakapapa and family history orally in with a certain amount of changing humidity, but we should seventeen. He describes the job as why they chose Ngai Tahu Finance ::x:J ~O moteatea and other forms of waiata, as well as in our art try and keep our taonga in a place that is well insulated. being "a travel agent for freight" ­ for the money. He saw positive ~c: forms such as tukutuku and whakairo. When the The more stable the environment the better for precious from a document to a large container, business opportunities in the o missionaries arrived, ourtOpuna relished the opportunity paper items. Even though space inside the house is often they look after all details of alliance. There were no indigenous r::x:J to become literate and ever since, we have been at a premium, try to avoid storing papers out in the garage transportation to or from anywhere or Maori-owned international freight - in the world. Greg has worked for a forwarding companies operating in "r- recording our history on paper. There is nothing quite where temperature and humidity fluctuations are greater. -I like the feeling of seeing the original writing of our topuna It is a good idea to keep them slightly raised above the variety of national and multinational New Zealand. m written in their own hand. I remember being quite awe­ floor to provide air circulation. companies throughout his working As with most new businesses, » career, initially in Christchurch and the early days of Team Logistics inspired upon holding a letter my Poua, Teone Taare Pests, such as silver fish and rodents can cause o Tikao, had written to Elsdon Best, now held in the major damage to our family collections. Paper appeals then moving to Auckland, where he were not without their share of z Alexander Turnbull Library in Wellington. to pests as a food source and as a nesting site for mice. lived for nine years. problems. Greg and his business G) Many of us hold on to our family collections To avoid these damaging critters eating through our Three years ago Greg and his partner set out with big expectations including whakapapa books, photographs, waiata, Poua's and Taua's words, check the collection regUlarly wife Wendy, along with their two from the beginning. However, they » newspaper clippings and letters, taking on the role of and keep the storage area clean. daughters, Rose and Kelly, decided hadn't taken into account the fact that kaitiaki. We hope that they will survive indefinitely. The Something else to consider for keeping our to move back to Christchurch. Greg it would take some time to get move towards marketing to Maori reality is that organic materials such as paper, wood, collections in good condition are the extraneous bits and had been working for a New Zealand established in the market as a new clientele and the possibility of leather and harakeke have a finite lifespan, but being pieces which might have been added to keep them all -owned freight forwarding company player. When they came to do the developing educational scholarship aware of what contributes to their deterioration is the first together such as sellotape, rubber bands and paper clips. in Auckland that was bought out by books after the first month and opportunities at tertiary level for step in slowing down the ageing process for our taonga. Rubber bands can cause unhealthy indentations, an American company. The change discovered their gross revenue for Maori candidates. This article will focus on the physical aspects of their care whereas a flat cotton tape can be loosely tied around of ownership brought about a the month was $25 it came as a bit Freight forwarding is a fiercely to ensure they will survive for future generations. bundles to keep them together. Instead of metal paper change of culture within the of a surprise. It's been moving competitive business. There are a lot We can help to lengthen the lifespan of paper and clips that can rust, use plastic or plastic coated ones, or organisation that Greg didn't enjoy, forward ever since though - from a of big companies operating around other organic materials by looking at the environmental avoid them altogether. Staples can also rust, so it is best so he decided to move on. business that started out with just the the world. Although Team Logistics conditions which hasten their deterioration. The main to remove them from precious items. Sellotape and PVA When Greg came back to two partners in April 1997, they now has strong ties internationally, part of factors to consider are: dust, light, humidity, temperature, glue are not very good for paper either, so try to resist Christchurch he got in touch with an have a staff of ten and annual their success is being a small locally pests, and handling. the urge to use them to make minor repairs to damaged old colleague and they started talking revenues of over $5 million. owned company in a place like Dust can be kept to a minimum by storing in a folder, items, instead you could put them into plastic sleeves, about setting up their own business. Greg says that Team Logistics Canterbury, which is very parochial. and/or box which will act as a barrier between the item which will enable you to see them without causing further They did a business plan and is now at the point where they have The message Greg is pushing and the open air. If your manuscript is already very dirty, damage. approached Ngai Tahu Finance for a good strong business base and is: "we can do it as good as anyone the loose dust can be gently brushed off using a soft clean The final thing to be aware of is how we handle our the money to set up "Team need to start looking at their future else can and even better - give us brush. If very fragile, seek professional advice first. Acid­ beloved archives. Always wash your hands before Logistics", the business they have direction. Part of that direction is a some support". free tissue and cardboard boxes and folders are available touching, and some people adhere to certain tikanga for purchase, or else a wax-covered cardboard box with such as not eating or drinking around them - this is also lid (available from the National Library in Wellington) is good practice in order to avoid accidental spills. a cheaper alternative. Keep the area where they are TEAM LOGISTICS LTD stored as clean as possible. For further information, contact: PO Box 14051 Light, as well as damaging our skin through Whakapapa Ngai Tahu, at Te Wai Pounamu House, exposure to harmful UV rays, also causes damage to phone: 0800 KAI TAHU - 0800 524 8248, email: Christchurch those paper and photographic items proudly displayed [email protected], or Vicki-Anne Heikell NEW ZEALAND in our homes. Keeping these items out of direct sunlight (of Te Whanau-a-Apanui descent) at the National Phone: (64) 33495440 Fax: (64) 3 3490224 will help to protect them. Better still, keep the originals in Preservation Office, National Library of New Zealand, http://www.teamlogistics.co.nz a folder or album and display copies; you don't even need PO Box 1467, Wellington, phone: (04) 4743098, or a negative these days to get a good print off an old photo. your local museum. Email: [email protected] (Keep in mind that the sticky albums with a plastic Ariana has a post-graduate diploma in Museum oversheet and laminating are particularly nasty to Studies, and has since worked for the Historic Places photographs over time.) Trust in Sydney, and the Historic Places Trust in Both temperature and humidity levels continually Auckland.

22 TE KARAKA AaumaI i I Sum mer 1 9 9 9 A a u mat i I Sum mer 1999 TE KARAKA 23 A guesstimate would say ::D that maybe ten percent of the I C:I constituency of Te ROna.!sa 0 IZ Te Nawe 0 kCi Hapu Koukourarata live within meeting distance. The other '» Riinaka in the 90s - Are they relevant? ninety percent are spread throughout the country and the II" by Matiu Payne world, and are unable to attend » meetings and participate in Stop, take a deep breath, and open your mind to an issue an interest in the new Maori reserve 884. It was hardly their birthright. I do feel aroha that is bound to raise one or two million opinions. Some sufficient, however the Treaty of Waitangi ensured that ~Z- - for them. Not because they Z Cll good, some not so good and some that will never be uninterrupted access to their tao.!sa such as mahi.!sa kai miss out on participation, but "2-1 -4 repeated in public. However, it is something that we have was maintained, so really nothing changed except for because our rOna.!sa is not ~ :I: all thought about at one time or another, or, it may be the size of the area that they resided in. evolving sufficiently enough to ~:I: that after reading this, you may start to think about our This individualisation of land title effectively accommodate them. In this ~m m present rOna.!sa system. Either way, this article is written prompted the establishment of what is now known as Te day and age there are means ~ Z to encourage debate and keep our tribal structure ROna.!sa 0 Koukourarata, so that it could represent the by which we can do this, but iZ relevant, effective and representative ofKai Tahu whanui. landowner interests on their behalf. Historical records we are not. ~- -Z I am a person who has spent the better part of eight maintain this fact, where leases were drawn up between I wonder sometimes ~Z years involved with my rOna.!sa, and for four of those years rOna.!sa representatives and Pakeha farmers. whether the takiwa we sought ~Im I have been in regular attendance at our monthly Because of this fact, for many years afterwards, m for inclusion in the Te ROnanga 0 Ngai Tahu charter was have a culture. We are inherently ageist and sexist -4 -4 meetings. I am extremely fortunate to be able to do this only those with land were entitled to vote on issues based on the desire for representation of our people or people on the marae. _ - as I reside on whanau land right next door to the whare concerning the land, and if you sold that land you for a bigger slice of the pie so to speak. Either way, we Men will do the whaikorero, women will do the m therefore sold your right to vote. m rOna.!sa, hall or in more recent times, the "marae", as I sought it for representation, and that should therefore kara.!sa, and neither the men nor women will sw~~ roles en en have been informed. If for some reason, your whanau land was gifted be our primary drive. for fear of retnbutlon by the tTpuna and atua, as It IS they It has taken me all of those four years to gain a outside of the whanau, in accordance with tuku whenua There is a distinction I believe between rOna.!sa that set the kawa. decent understanding of our rOna.!sa and the way it (gifting land), your family also lost their right to vote. This business and marae tika.!sa. In my own experience they Ta.!sata or people set the kawa for the rOna.!sa and operated in the past, and the way it operates now. This made sense as you no longer had interests in that land. have been confused. as such have no right to be ageist or sexist, especially So effectively the membership of the rOna.!sa or "land club" has always been a source of amazement to me, the fact With our current ethos of representation, rOnaka when what we stand for is totally contradicting this belief, that it takes four years to learn about your hapO structure, was reduced as time went by. members have an equal and valid contribution to make that is, the representation of all those people who which seems like a terribly long time. When the renaissance of things Maori began and on matters that affect them, both singularly and whakapapa to our takiwa, regardless of age, sex or belief. It could be argued that the writer is young and has the Treaty regained its rightful place in society, ta.!sata collectively. Therefore the challenge I leave with all of our little comprehension towards things Kai Tahu. My age whenua representation was sought for from far and wide. The tika.!sa of the marae is governed separately from papatipu rOna.!sa is this. Just because things have been would be the contributing factor towards that, but my Kai Tahu kept rOna.!sa as their representation vehicle, the rOna.!sa, and each whanau has their own tika.!sa the same for the last hundred years does not mean that argument would be, that is the state of the majority of despite the fact that their primary function was to deal beneath the kawa of the marae. This is where things like we should not evolve to accommodate the changing ROna.!sa evolved to include this in its portfolio. Kai Tahu today, we are a young people. with land. age and sex become an issue, without it we would not world - in fact we should be working overtime to make In the last census figures, it was shown that the With the establishment of Te ROna.!sa 0 Kai Tahu, sure it happens. majority of Kai Tahu people are now under the age of the structure of the rOna.!sa changed in theory, but not in 35. Within the rOna.!s.a system itself, this is not practice. representative. Of the twenty or thirty people that attend ROna.!sa were required to submit a takiwa regularly, maybe five percent of those people are under (boundary) that they represented, to be included with the WANTED "'{he Howard le!!9,Ue the age of 35, and the voice of the younger members charter. In my eyes, along with that takiwa came the ~ Refo~ are dismissed a lot of the time, because it seems as responsibility of the representation of all of those people Ifor Penal though they have not done their "dishes time". who could whakapapa back to someone who resided in Why? I would suggest that it is the political centricity that takiwa. However, not all of those people received of the current rOna.!sa system that many young people shares in Koukourarata MR874, Pigeon Bay half-caste dead or alive Canterbury find unattractive, as well as the time it takes to learn about grants or the Okains Bay half-caste reserve, and not all the system and ultimately the acceptance ofthose central of those families still held land there, due to no fault of working for open and rational rOna.!sa members that have kept it running all those years. their own. Trees suitable for firewood debate on issues of crime and The current rOna.!sa is a very intimidating environment. The most important fact of all, was that the Kai Tahu punishment In 1848, the many ra.!satira with ancestral rights to claim settlement was to be for all Kai Tahu people. The •••••••••••••••••••••••••• that land signed the Port Levy purchase. By doing so, method we chose for that representation when the Te Anything considered and will travel. For membership or donations, the land from Kaitara Pa in the north to Waikakahi Pa in ROna.!sa 0 Kai Tahu charter was being designed, was the Needed from the 151 of October 2000. Will contact: the south, Kaituna valley, and all of the outside bays of rOna.!s.a instead of the "one beneficiary, one vote" pay royalties. Horomaka right around to Pae Karoro Pa, the home of scenario. P. O. Box 6075 Tutakahikura and his people, was sold. ROna.!sa again had evolved to represent its original Please forward relevant information to Ahi Upper Riccarton In return for the sale of that land, a reserve was set constituency, in Koukourarata's case to represent all of Rakau Supplies, c/- 3 Headman St, Hoon Christchurch 8004 aside at Koukourarata, from PuketTto Te Pari a Hineteata, those with whakapapa to its original takiwa. Hay, Christchurch. In theory, this is an excellent model for ph: 342 9785 to enable the hapO to inhabit an ancestral area, known fax: 342 9794 as Puari pa. The people of the many hapO were given representation. In practice, it is not such a rosy picture. ••••••••••••••••••••••••••

24 TE KARAKA Rau mat i I Sum mer 1 9 9 9 R a u mat i I Sum mer 1999 TE KARAKA 25 Te Pataka Korero

WaMua Kia ora koutou katos e plnul mal ana I tinel wihap hou 0 te Past 'clue' in English use in Maori Function Karaka. Kua puta mal te whakaaro kl ahau nel kl Ie tuhltuhl I -ed, Jumped I peke simple past tltahiwlhape piana kl kitlkap 0 Iereo Mlorl, hel iWhlna, hel Ite was ...-ing was jumping I te peke continuous past tautoko I 6 titou whanaup e ako ana I Ie reo Miorl, ahakoa ko action wal, ahakos kei heal NI, I hua mal Iewhakaaro, I, ko Te Pataka KCirero tlnllll Kua has I havel has jumped Kua peke Started established NO relra koutou ketO&, III akoka me ki kalako 0 t6 titou reo will have the past / not rakatlra, tukua mal 6 koutou whakaaro. I koutou pital

ACTION + ACTOR + ACTED UPON We can translate these Ka Tohu 0 te Wa : Tenses into Maori: Na! Kaua e oma atu, e huri i te whara!si ranei! Ae - Ka tino mahio ahau ki te KUPU MAHI + KAIMAHI + KUPU I MAHIA hahata!sa 0 tenei ahuata!sa 0 te reo! Heoti ana, ahakoa he uaua ki te rarau atu ki enei tika!sa, ma te wa e mama haere, na reira kia kaha ra koutou. If you can remember the order of these three parts of the sentence, you will Naia etahi tika!sa hei awhina i a koutou: be able to structure your sentence properly! Here is the whole structure: 1: You are going to the pub. So here we go! Now don't run away or turn the page! Yes -I know how 2: Tahu swam to the river mouth much of a pain this aspect of the language is, but ... although it's difficult to Tohu ote wa Kupu Mahi [a] Kaimahi Kili Kupu i Mahia grasp, believe me ... in time it gets easier! Give it heaps!!! Here are some 1: Kei te haere koe ki te paparakauta rules to give you a hand: 2: I kaukau a Tahu ki te wahapu 0 te awa.

• Tenses indicate time which is why we can translate them as Ka tohu 0 te Now try translating this structure using the following sentences. You can wa / signs of the time - and no, that isn't in reference to any waiata from find the answers on page 53. Prince! 1. Raki and the others are going to the marae. • They tell us what time is being referred to, talked about or implied. For the 2. Hakuiao was running to her mother's house. moment we will look at how tenses are used in ordinary verbal/active 3. They [2] are flying to the North Island. sentences. 4. The children will return to school tomorrow. 5. Tama and the others swam to the island. • There are three tenses in Maori: Past, Present, and Future. 6. They talked to that old man last night. 7. I shall call to the guests. • They will (nearly) always come before the verb / kupu mahi, and will tell us 8. I have sold the books. when the 'action' is being carried out. As a little trick, we can often pick 9. Piki and Manawa have set the table. which tense to use in Maori by looking at the end of the Pakeha word or at 10. We [two excluding listener] were singing to the family. another word in the sentence:

~ , .... REVIE~y o-< '0om BOOK Donald Couch c:: I MATAORA: THE LIVING FACE z " Sandy Adseff & CliH Whiting (General Editors), Witi Ihimaera (Editor). C) I ::JJ How many of us were exposed for the first time to are also included - with ...... I!!II!!I...~II!!I•• I m Contemporary Maori Art at the recent Rukutia! Rukutia! examples of their work. All exhibition of southern Maori art held in Otautahi? four had work on display at » II< And did we test our vocabulary with: he aha? Or, Rukutia! Rukutia! o ? -m hei aha? Or, aue! Or even, occasionally, ka pai? Or, were Co-editor Sandy Ansett ::r: we simply baffled by what the artist was trying to have also had work at Rukutia! I :e us see? Contemporary art can be a real challenge to Rukutia! Cliff Whiting's art is J -m I non-artists. Witness the recent furore about the million- represented in the rohe in " dollar valuations given to paintings by Colin McCahon. Maru Kaitaitea, at Takahanga < I Paintings, which to most observers just don't fit the Marae in Kaikoura. For those m definition of Fine Art. who would like to compare his ::JJ Peter Robinson is a Ngai Tahu artist. Some of his more traditional figures, see i.-__:':':::=='';';;;;'' _ interest in the area of Maori health, en paintings might be considered to be of a comparable Nga Kete Wananga at the Christchurch High Court. Pirimia Burger The Name's seeing it as having been a millstone genre to McCahon's. At last year's Ngai Tahu art show Incidentally Christchurch-born John Bevan Ford's Congratulations to Pirimia Burger, around the neck of Maori in the past, Bond at Christchurch Polytechnic, Robinson's work, '3.125%', Kaitiaki (page 147) is now to be found in the Lincoln who has been chosen as a finalist in but also as an area of advancement Shane Bond has been the name on was priced at $6,000 - this year his prices were up into University Library. two sections of the Huia Publishers as Maori health improves. the lips of English county cricket 5 figures! What is going on? Both Visual Arts and Weaving are represented in Short Story Awards. One of 436 Next year Pirimia hopes to followers this season, making the One of the best ways to get some understanding Mataora. A recent (May 1999), report by Creative NZ, entries in the "previously attend the Broadcasting School in headlines week after week for his of all this is to have a look at Adsett and Whiting's "Mahi toi ia ra / Arts Every Day", identifies four main unpublished in English for adults" Christchurch, where she will study outstanding efforts with the Furness Mataora. Published in 1996, it was the first major categories of Maori arts activities: Language Arts, and 60 in the "short story in Maori for Broadcast Journalism. Cricket Club. Shane is a fast pace publication on contemporary Maori art. Selected works Performing Arts, Weaving and Visual Arts. The Weaving children", twenty-two year old Pirimia bowler. He is nearing the end of the of 41 artists are excellently reproduced. Interspersed category includes raranga, taniko, korowai and tukutuku, is in the final fifteen in each section. season having taken 126 wickets in are a series of brief explanatory essays on key aspects and the Visual Arts includes whakairo, kowhaiwhai, ta Pirimia, who is in her final year Jaden Skipper the North Lancs League Division of contemporary Maori art. moko and waka. of study for a Bachelor of Arts in Fifteen-year-old Jaden Skipper has One competition,breaking the The project was initiated and supported by Te Waka The Mataora of the book's title is identified as being English and Maori at Victoria been playing ice hockey since he previous record set in 1926. He's Toi, the Maori arts board of Creative New Zealand. responsible for bringing the art of moko from the atua to University, has enjoyed writing was five years old. For the past six fast becoming an all-rounder as he 'I Adsett and Whiting wanted the book to 'feel' Maori and the people. Mataora describes, illustrates and explains fictional stories since she was a child. years he has represented smashes his way to top scores with so the format appropriately follows the sequence of wero how contemporary Maori art continues to go back to its She believes that it is particularly Canterbury in his age group and has the bat - to date he has scored1 050 and karanga through the whaikorero to the poroporoakT. traditional roots to better push out in new directions. important for Maori to write because represented New Zealand for the runs. Among the write-ups in the They then called on one of Aotearoa's leading Maori The arts have been described as all forms of it means their stories will be "left for past four years. At the recent British press this season was this writers, Witi Ihimaera, to provide the ihi and wehi. creative and interpretative expression. Contemporary ever more". It is also a way of finding Nationals in Auckland Jaden's team one: "Bond ...is like a shark, all fiery One of the constant themes is that just as Maori Maori art in its own way continues the challenge of common threads with other people. came third - although according to eyes with a hint of repressed fury artists cannot separate themselves from their maintaining and passing on our cultural traditions. Her entry in the Maori section of the Jaden they should have done better, which appears evident in his style of communities, so also it is Virtually impossible to separate short story awards entitled "Kaore He and he was named the "defenceman bowling. Believe me, Shane Bond has contemporary from traditional art. One comment is that Tae 0 te Whakapapa" is reflective of of the tournament". much to give to Furness CC through contemporary Maori art "looks backward to the future". her own personal struggle of growing Playing Ice Hockey involves a his irrepressible expectation to And so, there is reference to Augustus Hamilton's up being a fair-skinned Maori trying lot of travel both locally and succeed." "sanitised" 1896 work Maori Art. - But then the essay to find her place in both worlds. internationally and already Jaden Shane has been playing cricket describes (pages 58-59) how the kowhaiwhai illustrated Pirimia recalls going home to has travelled to Australia three times, since the age of five and at a representative level since he was a hundred years ago has been the basis for new Koukourarata as a young girl and as well as the United States and eleven. As a child it was his dream directions in the last twenty years. feeling like she didn't fit in because Canada, for competitions. He says t to represent his province and as he The founding by Sir Apirana Ngata in 1926 of what she didn't have dark hair and brown that the best place he's played is got older things happened to make is now the Maori Arts and Crafts Institute at skin. Canada because they have that dream a reality. Whakarewarewa, was followed by the subsequent } Pirimia works part time with Te "awesome" rinks. Although it is Twenty-three year old Shane development of a whole range of training programmes, Puawai Tapu, an organisation which exciting to travel it is expensive ­ hails from Christchurch and is the wananga and institutions (pages 30-35). works with Maori in the area of Jaden cleans buses to help finance son of John and Judith Bond. He is Who has not appreciated those brilliant calendars sexual and reproductive health. As his trips. returning home from England for the from Tairawhiti Polytechnic, Gisborne.Given the wealth part of this work she writes a weekly Jaden, who is in the fifth form beginning ofthe New Zealand cricket of Ngai Tahu talent evident at Rukutia! Rukutia! it is radio script for Ruia Mai which is at Shirley Boys' High School, has a season and will take up his position regrettable that only four Ngai Tahu are mentioned in targeted at Rangatahi. Through the goal to play in the Australian Super with the Canterbury team. With his Mataora. Cath Brown is listed as being amongst the influence of her mother Irihapeti League, a goal that shouldn't be too recent substantial successes in dozen contemporary Maori 'artists in the first rank'. Ramsden, Pirimia has a keen hard to turn in to a reality judging by England, no doubt the Black Cap Unfortunately, examples of her work are not illustrated his career so far. Selectors will be keeping a close eye here. Ross Hemera, Jacqueline Fraser and Peter Robinson on him!

28 TE KARAKA RaumaIi I Sum mer 1 9 9 9 Raumali I Summer 1999 TE KARAKA 29 JJ NGAI TAHD DEVELOPMENT C CORPORATION C "--I »-- to iWi, to mana; to tOranga, to mahi JJ ltJ'8!1JlWIfJJ!''Opening of Rukutia! Rukutia! a major southern Maori art exhibition, C Ngai Tahu Development Corporation is the arm of the tribal structure which fea fifty traditional and contemporary Maori artists. A collaborative arrangement between Te ROnanga 0 Ngai Tahu and the Christchurch Arts Festival, is charged with developing the social benefits for Ngai Tahu. the @'thtj~was curated by Moana Tipa for Ngai Tahu Development Corporation C It is responsible for putting in place a broad developmental framework to drive and site' 'ne different locations across the city. "-I Ngai Tahu whanui into the future. Ie for the exhibition is taken from the first line of a karakia in which - Ru ailed. Used at the opening of a whare, it is an appeal to bind the » ele nts of the house together to ensure that it remains strong and warm. -- KAI TAHU ARTS •••lII4bition fulfilled two kaupapa. It honoured the "Tovey generation" of ~~ii~ Maori artists who have given support to, and have assisted with the DEVELOPMENT of traditional and contemporary Maori art forms in Te Waipounamu. In July this year, Te ROnanga 0 Ngai ~••r.are Cath Brown (.!$;ai Tahu), Clive Arlidge (Nga Puhi), Sandy Adsett Tahu ratified the establishment of its gunu) and Marilynn Webb (Nga Puhi).lt also celebrated .!$;ai Tahu arts development sector. This new and based Maori artists of the generations that have followed: Ross sector encompasses visual, Hemc~a, Z,ueline Fraser, Peter Robinson, Debbi Thyne, Fiona Pardington, Chris performing and language arts and is Heql.1i .fIIIondaTe Maiharoa, Areta Wilkinson, Neil Pardington, Ranui Ngarimu, managed by Moana Tipa of Kati Ant el (Ngati Porou), Grace Voller (Ngati Awa, Te Arawa), Wini Solomon Huirapa ki Moeraki. (Te eg Thompsett, Kerry Arlidge (Nga Puhi), Priscilla Cowie, Jenny In line with Te ROnanga 0 Ngai :§ Rendall, Maaka Tipa, Karl Wixon, Nicola Reuben, Turi Gibb, Sandra Kellian, Janina Tahu Vision 2025, rOnaka and iwi ..;..~ Dell, Rawinia Puna, Christine .... V) members who have an interest in ~ .!J1 Harvey, Simon Kaan, the arts development will be called on for 8 ~ collaborative team of Tahua their input, with consultation taking t:: et Horomona and Ngaio Te Ua, place between October and January. ~ '2 Manu Edwin, Kate Souness, The following are projects ~ ~ Kirsten 'Kemp, Beverly Rhodes, currently being worked on: !:!:!.. ~ Irene Schroder, Margaret Bond, Maramataka .!$;ai Tahu 2000 featuring .~ ~ Peter Plumb,Te Oti Jardine and Rukutia! Rukutia! - Hardcover ~ ~ Phyllis Smith. publication of Rukutia! Rukutia! ~ ~ Kai Tahu artists working with November 2000 - Five pUblications ~ ~ traditk;nal Maori forms included: of short stories by .!$;ai Tahu writers theatre, an exhibition of contemporary book and poetry readings and Fayne Robinson, Awatea Edwin, Te Aritaua Brennan, Bevan Climo, Otene Rakena, including fiction, non fiction, rakatahi, and traditional .!$;ai Tahu visual arts, storytelling (drama). Flo Mei Reiri, Hana Morgan, Wanda Hebberd, the Metzger whanau and others. te reo Maori, and children's stories. and workshops on ta moko, contem­ FOR FURTHER INFORMA nON The works exhibited included whakairo (carving), raranga (weaving), installation, Kai Tahu Performing Arts Festival porary waiata, (production and Phone Moana Tipa on (03) 371 0193 painting, stone and wood sculpture, ceramics, textiles, jewellery and photography. (Hui a Tau 2000) featuring .!$;ai Tahu recording), traditional instruments, email: [email protected] The exhibition was sponsored by CS First Boston and Bell Gully Weir. Some of the artists who exhibited in Rukutia! Rukutia! by Claire Kaahu White

30 TEKARAKAA a u mat i I Sum mer 1 9 9 9 A a u mat i I Sum mer 1999 TEKARAKA 31 < < en- en- o- o- Z Z N In early May of this year, Ngai Tahu N o Development began facilitating a round of o N N (J1 consultation with tribal members, seeking their input for our future strategic plans. "Vision (J1 2025" consisted of 18 hui throughout Aotearoa, and was lead by Te ROnanga 0 Ngai Tahu Kaiwhakahaere, Mark Solomon, Deputy Tai Pouuni Roadshow Kaiwhakahaere, Edward Ellison, Ngai Tahu Development Corporation Chair, Erihana Ryan, and Chief Executive, Paul White. These hui were dubbed "The Roadshow". There were eight hui in Te lka a Maui, nine in Te Waipounamu and one on Rekohu (the Hamilton Roadshow Chatham Islands). These were in addition to ongoing consultation that has been held with nga rOnanga and smaller focus groups over the past eight months. The Roadshow provided an opportunity The Roadshow Team in Taranaki: (Left to right) Justine Inns, Nicky for your Te ROnanga 0 Ngai Tahu delegates Walsh, Bill Gillies, Ruahine Crofts, Edward Ellison,Maraea Johnson, to hear the aspirations and concerns of our Mark Solomon, Johnno Crofts, Aroha Reriti-Crofts. people who live both within and outside the tribal rohe. This sharing of ideas between iwi members gives us a positive direction for our Taranaki Roadshow decision-making processes, now and in the future. It has always been the intention of Te ROnanga to have both inclusiveness and transparency in planning and decision making. The major themes to emerge from the consultation have included calls to prioritise education, protect and enhance culture and identity, and the creation of a strong economic base from which to build. There was strong support for the whanau well-being focus that is already being developed. Another very Rekohu Roadshow important aspect of all the hui was to provide whakawhanau.!sata.!sa opportunities for our members with each other. For many Roadshow Team member~ on the Chatham Islands: Paul White, members, Vision 2025 was their first Stewart Bull, Janyne MOrrison, Terry Ryan. interaction with anything tribal. For others it was a time Tau 1999 ki Waihao and a follow up in te Karaka early Hasungs Roadshow to solidify their tribal connections. Many of those iwi next year. We enVisage that this process will take up to members living awayfrom their tribal takiwa, embraced twelve months to ensure that we have the necessary the opportunity to celebrate their Kai Tahuta.!sa. Ngai level of participation in the consultation process and that Tahu Development will continue to assist the the outcomes clearly meet tribal priorities and development of these whanau through te reo, requirements. whakapapa and tika.!sa wana.!sa. Initial feedback from Just a quick reminder. If you are still holding onto the hui has been encouraging with many participants those Roadshow briefs, tukua mai 0 whakaaro, send us looking at holding their own wananga in the near future. your thoughts. We have included herewith a list of the From here all the written notes will be collated, and current Te ROnanga 0 Ngai Tahu delegates with their a project team will be established to determine strategic contacts. Ngai Tahu Development would like to take this options. When these have been identified, there will be opportunity to thank everybody who attended the hui, further consultation regarding these options through a and returned their forms, for their fruitful and productive wananga of Te ROnanga 0 Ngai Tahu delegates. The dialogue. draft will also be sent to papatipu rOna.!sa for their by Claire Kaahu White comments and there will be presentations at the Hui-a- Whangarei Roadshow Rehua Roadshow

32 TE KARAKA Aau mat i I Sum mer 1 9 9 9 A a u mat i I Sum mer 1999 TE KARAKA 33 :D :D C::' , §I Z ,» KAIKOURA RUNANGA WAIREWA RUNANGA TE RUNANGA 0 AROWHENUA » TE RUNANGA OTAKOU I, "Takahanga Marae Secretary, Pollyann Panirau Te Hapa 0 Niu Tireni I" » Administration & Communication Officer, Flat 3/430 Hereford St, PO Box 69 Otakou Marae » Raewyn Solomon CHRISTCHURCH Huirapa Street Administration & Communication Officer, Robyn Russell C PO Box 39 Administration & Communication Officer, John Panirau TEMUKA Otakou, RD 2 C I' - KAIKOURA PO Box 21152, Edgeware Phone: 036159646 DUNEDIN - " :D Phone: 033196523 CHRISTCHURCH Fax: 036156263 Phone: 034780352 :D I m Fax/phone: 033196443 Phone: 033552508 - work email: [email protected] Fax: 034780354 m r 0 email: [email protected] Fax: 033554964 Delegate: Lavinia Reihana-Moemate email: [email protected] o I --I Delegate: Mark Solomon email: [email protected] Alternate: Gary Waaka Delegate: Edward Ellison o Alternate: Aroha Poharama Delegate: Wiki Martin Alternate: Eleanor Murphy --I Alternate: James Daniels TE RUNANGA 0 WAIHAO o :D KATI WAEWAE RUNAKA Waihao Marae HOKONUI RUNAKA :D -< Administration & Communication Officer, James Russell TE HAPU 0 NGATI WHEKE Administration & Communication Officer, o Te Ika Rama Marae 119 Hoffman Street (RAPAKI) Parris Heath Administration & Communication Officer, Aroha Reid -< HOKITIKA 56 Kent Street PO Box 114 GORE Te Wheke Marae Phone: 037557928 TIMARU Phone: 03 208 7954 Administration & Communication Officer, Maatakiwi Fax: 037556313 036894726 Fax: 03 208 7964 Wakefield Phone: email: [email protected] 036894729 email: [email protected] PO Box 107 Fax: Delegate: Maika Mason [email protected] Delegate: Terry Nicholas LYTTELTON email: Alternate: James Russell Wendy heath-King Alternate: Rewi Anglem Phone: 033289415 Delegate: Alternate: Dave Thomas Fax: 033289416 TE RUNANGA 0 MAKAWHIO email: [email protected] WAIHOPAI RUNAKA Administration & Communication Officer, Anne Donovan Delegate: Don Couch TE RUNANGA 0 MOERAKI Murihiku Marae POBox 415 Alternate: Ray Kamo Uenuku Marae Administration & Communication Officer, GREYMOUTH Administration Co-ordinator, Carol York-Pakinga Phone/ Fax: 03768 9262 TE NGAI TUAHURIRI ROnanga Office POBox 7017, Southcity Fax: 037689245 Cnr Tenby & Haverford Streets INVERCARGILL email: [email protected] RUNANGA Moeraki Phone: 03 216 9917 Delegate: Tim Rochford Tuahiwi Marae Phone: 034394816 Fax: 03 216 9916 Alternate: Paul Wilson Administration & Communication Officer, Nicole Fax: 034394400 email: [email protected] Manawatu e-mail [email protected] Delegate: Michael Skerrett ONUKU RUNANGA Tuahiwi Road Delegate: Gail Tipa Alternate: John Bain PO BoxA Onuku Marae, Akaroa Alternate: Koa Whitau-Kean TUAHIWI8250 Administration & Communication Officer, Ngaire Tainui ORAKA APARIMA RUNAKA Phone: 033135543 PO Box 8119 KATI HUIRAPA RUNANGA KI Takutai 0 te Titi Marae Fax: 033135542 Riccarton Administration & Communication Officer, Ann Johnstone email: [email protected] PUKETERAKI CHRISTCHURCH 115 Palmerston Street, RIVERTON Delegate: Aroha Reriti-Crofts Administration &Communication Officer, Joy Ellison Phone: 03 3486848 Phone/Fax: 032348192 Alternate: Janet Reuben Postal Centre, email: [email protected] email: [email protected] Karitane Delegate: Waitai Tikao Delegate: Stewart Bull OTAGO Alternate: Ngaire Tainui TE TAUMUTU RUNANGA Alternate: Betty Rickus Phone: 034657300 Ngati Moki Marae Fax: 034657318 Administration & Communication Officer, David TE RUNANGAO [email protected] AWARUA RUNANGA O'Connell email: vacant Te Rau Aroha Marae KOUKOURARATA PO Box 4532 Delegate: Matapura Ellison Administration & Communication Officers, Tutehuarewa Marae CHRISTCHURCH Alternate: Andria Cross and Tiri Morgan Administration & Communication Officer, lim Manawatu Phone: 03379 5680 POBox 19, BLUFF PO Box 3281 Fax: 033653641 Phone: 03 212 8652 CHRISTCHURCH email: [email protected] Fax: 03 212 8653 Phone: 3653281 Delegate: Cath Brown email: [email protected] email: [email protected] Alternate: David O'Connell Delegate: Maria Pera Delegate: Tim Manawatu Alternate: Steven Bragg Alternate: Joe Wakefield

34 TE KARAKA Aau mat i I Sum mer 1 9 9 9 A a u mat i I Sum mer 1999 TE KARAKA 35 I -c I I » II ~ I ::! Papatipu runaka and Te Runanga 0 Ngai Tahu traditional role of the rOna!sa. Going through change -C Papatipu rOna!sa are an integral part of iwi life for Ngai management strategies. Most importantly the papatipu establishing creates a dynamic environment that can be very your links to papatipu rOna!sa or you can Tahu. However there are many in the iwi who rOna!sa are the main means today whereby are unsure unsettling. One of the areas that knowledge make direct contact by using the directory herein. of what that is currently the subject will c:: papatipu rOna!sa are and what their role is in the be kept alive and accessible for their own members. Though it can initially of extensive debate among Te ROnanga 0 Ngai Tahu and be daunting to renew whanau links :IJ Ngai Tahu legal structure. Ngai Tahu has identified 18 Every iwi member belongs to at least one papatipu with the papatipu rOna!sa is the way in which each papatipu papatipu rOnaka, it can also open the door to a new Papatipu ROna!sa. These are the traditional councils of rOnaka. Whakapapa Ngai Tahu can help you in level rOna!sa identifies its membership. Across the papatipu of belonging and involvement in Ngai Tahu. c:: INgai Tahu whanui which collectively form Te ROnanga 0 rOna!sa there is a range of membership criteria. If a Z Ngai Tahu. Te ROnanga 0 Ngai Tahu is the overall consistent approach can be taken towards how decision-making body for the iwi and is recognised by membership of papatipu rOna!sa is established, then Development Made » the Crown as the representative of Ngai Tahu whanui. Possible for Papatipu Runaka I~ linking iwi members with their papatipu rOna!sa will be a Te ROnanga 0 Ngai Tahu speaks and acts on behalf of relatively straightforward process. Contact any of the » all Ngai Tahu people on issues requiring tribal initiative papatipu rOna!sa if you would like to receive a copy of or response. It is the owner of all the Runa~a tribal assets and the discussion paper Development Grants Annual grant sets the direction regarding membership/affiliation, for Ngai Tahu. One of the first decisions taken by Te ROnanga as comments are welcome from all interested iwi 0 Ngai Te ROnanga 0 Ngai Tahu has recently approved However, Te ROnanga 0 Ngai Tahu an Tahu receives its members. following the settlement of the Ngai Tahu Claim was annual grant direction for rOna!sa of $100,000. The purpose of from the Papatipu ROna!sa. This reflects the to allocate to each papatipu rOna!sa a one-off Belonging to one or more papatipu runaka grant of this grant is to assist papatipu rOna!sa in meeting the costs role of the traditional rOna!sa of Ngai Tahu, as the means $380,000. The grant was Papatipu rOnaka are made up of people firstly intended as a way of associated with running and maintaining by which iwi members participated whose rOnaka in tribal decision responsibilities are recognising in a practical way the place that papatipu operations making. substantial, as is their potential to and development. These include Decision making within its takiwa is another rOnaka have within the Ngai Tahu influence the direction of Te ROnanga 0 Ngai Tahu. structure. They communication worker salaries, rOna!sa organisational important role for each papatipu rOna!sa. But firstly and most importantly, collectively form the Ngai Tahu tribal body and have the costs, establishment What is a delegate? they are about whanau and of a range of social and cultural responsibility of maintaining the home places belonging, that is belonging to a collection of whanau of the iwi. programmes, project costs, administration and general Today iwi members link into Te ROnanga 0 Ngai Tahu The grant creates opportunities whose traditional links connect them to a particular for rOna!sa across the operational costs. This grant will help runaka through the papatipu rOna!sa representative area. meet their or delegate They are the means sectors of marae development, economic development, responsibilities on by which the whakapapa and history to their members, Te ROnanga 0 Ngai Te ROnanga 0 Ngai Tahu, which meets every two organisational development and pertaining to their particular takiwa will be acknowledged other needs as Tahu, and the wider community of the rOna!sa. months. The delegate (and an alternate, should the identified by the rOna!sa. in such things as district plans and conservation Accountability delegate be unable to attend) Marae development While making the grants available to the rOnaka, Te are chosen by the members of Four of the eighteen papatipu rOna!sa have marae ROnanga 0 Ngai the papatipu rOna!sa. Tahu has ensured that accountability buildings and facilities that do not require major up­ for the use of the grants is in place. To access the grants, Understanding which Te Runanga 0 Ngai Tahu grading or re-development, but for the remaining fourteen a contract is entered into between papatipu runa~a you belong Te ROnanga 0 Ngai rOna!sa the opportunity is there for them to bring their to. Tahu and each rOna!sa. The contract sets out a series of marae buildings and grounds to a standard and type that obligations for both parties and introduces the complaints For both papatipu rOna!sa and suits their needs. management and risk for iwi members the challenge management procedures that both Building up the economic base parties is to make agree to. The underlying philosophy of this the connections of Some rOna!sa are focused on building up their economic approach is that all rOna!sa are capable and responsible whakapapa which link them base. A range of strategies are being used, from an for their own affairs together. Enrolling but, in the case of a complaint of through oystering joint venture and property investment, to mismanagement or misappropriation being Whakapapa Ngai Tahu places passive investments. substantiated, there is an agreed intervention process members into the mainstream Organisational development that will be followed by both parties. Details of iwi life through establishing the Many about the rOna!sa are focusing on their organisational needs grants and the generic right to belong complaints and risk management to Ngai and improVing communication with their members. For procedures are available from the Ngai Tahu Tahu and the right to benefit as many rOnaka, access to, and use of information Development Corporation an iwi member. The next or any papatipu rOna!sa. technology is currently being explored. This includes stage in being involved in the the establishment of a membership database, the by Suzanne Ellison life of the iwi is to connect with production of newsletters, information packs, web-site those papatipu rOna!sa from use, email networks and intranets. These are all options which iwi members can that rOna!sa are developing. Now thatTe ROnanga 0 Ngai establish descent. Tahu has established the pOtea for rOna!sa they are better How the runa~a establish placed to act on the needs of their members. membership Other needs Papatipu rOnaka are in the ROna!sa have identified several other special needs that throes of making changes so have been grouped under the category of other needs. they can meet their new and These include infrastructure to support new housing such increased responsibilities, as sewage improvements, the purchase of significant while keeping intact the sites, conservation projects etc.

36 T E K A R A K A R a u mat i I Sum mer 1 9 9 9

A a u mat i I Sum mer 1 9 9 9 T E K A R A K A 37 and develop our tino ra!satirata!sa; our whanau!sata!sa; providing strong cultural leadership, and equally ::0 our kaitiakita!sa; our tika!sa Kai Tahu and our tao!sa tuku important, Hugh Duff continues to give us solid financial ::0 C::I iho, our assets. leadership as well. While the papatipu rOnanga is based C::I We are engaging in a large number of activities in at the marae, trustees appointed by the Maori Land Court Z Z support of our papatipu rOna!sa. These include liaison manage the reserve. There is a very close working » Just south of Karitane at Puketeraki in East Otago sits with government departments and regional and territorial relationship between the trustees and the rOnanga, with » 1;\ our Huirapa marae nestled in the lee of the Puketeraki authorities on a whole range of issues. We are both groups working together. Always remembered are 1;\ hill. If you feel like a change from state highway one developing a five-year strategic plan that will identify the the efforts of those who have passed on. The efforts » scenery, branch off south of the present township of direction for the rOna!s.a into the future. over the last decade of Tom Duff, Tuhirangi (Ted) Parata, » Waikouaiti at the Karitane turn-off. You'll head towards Whakawhanau!sata!sa is a high priority and this will be Bernie Walsh and Paul Enoka are warmly acknowledged. -c -c the coast, hugging the Waikouaiti river until you pass developed through wana!sa and other agreed projects. ::0 through Karitane, which is bigger than you might have Higher on the agenda though is helping each other to Persons interested in obtaining more information or a ::0 thought, but still very much your typical rural coastal have some fun! registration form to register with ourrOnanga can contact o o settlement. Eventually you'll come out at Evansdale and Our Upoko ROnanga, Rangi Ellison, is still young ourROnanga Co-ordinator, Joy Ellison;Phone :(03) 465­ ." back onto the main road. of age at 98 and attends many of our meetings. We are 7300, fax:(03) 465-7318 or alternatively e-mail: ." Traditionally the area was sustained by fishing and also fortunate to have kaumatua such as Mahana Walsh [email protected] B M tEll' - r-- Y a apura Ison r- farming, however employment opportunities were Native Land Court sitting at Puketera/ii, September 13, 1905 m boosted with the opening of Seacliff Hospital in the m 1880s, where characters of notoriety such as Lionel Terry passed the time away painting landscape scenes under Waihopai Runaka the watchful eye of hospital wardens. Following the coast road through Karitane the road adjourns from the river and turns up the "Puketeraki It has been said by those much older and wiser than me sweat and efforts of contractors Lawrence and Moulson, straight". Before heading up the hill you'll see the sign that when Te Rakitauneke set forth on his hTkoi from and whanau and matawaka katoa, the scene was on the lamppost: "Marae: HUirapa", stated somewhat Arowhenua into lands unchallenged, that he, and rightly complete with the official opening of our Whare Tipuna­ incongruously back to front to my way of thinking, but so, took it on his own initiative to boldly bestow Te Rakitauneke. We had come full circle. that's Dunedin City Council policy. If you keep going you'll placenames along the way. Some of the old family names that are entrenched soon reach the top of the hill a kilometre or so on and History tells us that on arriving in Murihiku, Te in the historical fabric of Waihopai ROna!sa and Murihiku here the view from the lookout has been photographed 'Three Johnnies"Hoani Parata, Teone Ellison,Hoani Mathews. Rakitauneke situated his kai!sa on the banks of the Marae, are the Te Au whanau, the Skerretts, Bains, Stiles, more times than you can shake a stick at it. The chiefTe Wera into an enlarged and strengthened position Waihopai River. The location, while not pinpointed, is Peterson, Cross, Davis and Dixon whanau. These panorama which unfolds before you lends views which became known as Pa a Te Wera. This is the believed to be in the vicinity of Thompson Bush. If you've members and others are committed to a vision that will northward to Mataina!sa and beyond, southward to Brinns setting, like so many other similarly beautiful places in ever ventured into Thompson Bush, particularly in the build the rOna!sa a strong and vibrant economic base. Point. You can follow the coastline around to Warrington, the south, to which we have been born and where many late stages of the day, you can't escape the quietness of This year has also seen the resurgence of te reo wana!sa Blueskin Bay, POrakaunui, Wharauwerawera (Long of us live our lives. bush and the shadows that envelop the nooks and and mana korero wana!sa aimed at enhancing the finer Beach), Whareakeake and over to Taiaroa Head. Old Kati Huirapa ROnanga ki Puketeraki was formed in crannies surrounding you. It is a quiet, still place. points of whaikorero for our tane. Kai Tahu settlements existed in every bay. the vanguard of the "new thinking" of the 1980s. The Iwi The same cannot be said when driving into Murihiku At a recent rOna!sa weekend wana!sa our upoko, When you mention Karitane though, you can't get Authority Model was being promoted as the vehicle for Marae. The place is alive and happening, with a calendar uncle George Te Au, summed it up by saying: "I have away from the association with Karitane hospitals and revitalising Maori economic development. The visionary that overflows with a variety of activities that keep confidence in you all, your'e doing a good job, keep it Plunket. It is of course where Dr Truby King, while leadership of the Ngai Tahu Maori Trust Board gave us everyone, especially our excellent ringawera, on the run. up, there's plenty to do, today, tomorrow and the day working at Seacliff hospital, developed his idea on further courage to largely change the focus of our Sandra Stiles, affectionately known as "Head Chook" co­ after that". So, step by step, we will continue with our childcare that became a national institution. It was here organisational base from that of a Maori Committee to ordinates all kitchen activities with ease and style. Last hTkoi into waters new and unknown, stormy and calm, not long after the turn of the century that our Uncle Mutu an independent papatipu rOnanga. Kati Huirapa year the marae expertly hosted over sixteen thousand just like Te Rakitauneke. Ellison and Dr King's daughter became the first Karitane ROnanga ki Puketeraki was formed as an incorporated manuhiri, including schools, community groups, Persons interested in obtaining more information babies! society in 1990 and we are a charitable trust. We have government groups, and yep WINZ flew in here! or a registration form to register with our rOnanga can The site of our marae which is now Section 20, not completely severed our links to the Maori Community Together Waihopai ROna!sa and the marae komiti have contact our ROnanga Co-ordinator, Carol York-Pakinga, Block 12, Waikouaiti Native Reserve, was originally gifted Development Act though, and still have a Huirapa Maori demonstrated their versatility by hosting Japanese phone: (03) 216 9917, fax: (03) 216 9916 or alternatively by Tame Parata HRH, MLC. The Maori Land Court Committee structure in place. visitors, kapa haka groups, kaumatua lunches, weddings e-mail: [email protected] By Tracey Wright gazetted it in 1887 as a Native Reserve for members of The current rOnanga structure, which we are and tangi, the odd ball and dance and whanau wanaka. the Ngati Huirapa tribe. A rOnanga hall and church had reviewing at this time, is based on much of the work being The marae complex is kept in tiptop shape by a been built earlier on the site in 1873. The whare rOnanga carried out by our ROnanga Executive Committee, committed team. Winsome Skerrett ensures that the is named after our tipuna, Huirapa, and the dining room supported by various working parties. All participants offices sparkle and the floors shine. In the warm outdoors named after his wife, Maririhau. The church that stands work very hard, generously giving their time and energy. Tony Taurima whips the grounds and gardens into shape resplendent above the marae is Hui Te Rangiora. ROnanga general meetings are held on a two-monthly with the willing hands of "da boys". Great team spirit is For close to a hundred years Huirapa Hall, as it was basis. Reports are made to our members and major enjoyed by all, with good yarns and laughs washed down widely known, was the only hall in the area and it was issues are canvassed and discussed. Under our present with a cuppa. the focal point not only for our Maori people but also for constitution, membership of the rOnanga is made up of In strolling down history lane we trek back in time the whole community. Only in relatively recent years individuals who can whakapapa to Huirapa and the 1848 to the 4th of June 1983. What a magnificent thrill as another hall was built down in Karitane. The old kai!sa list of kaumatua, but this is a key issue under review and whanau gathered for a special dawn ceremony that collectively referred to as "Old Waikouaiti" by early we are looking to clarify it to reflect our particular localised celebrated the opening of Hine 0 Te lwi, our wharekai Pakeha visitors were originally situated around the river identity. (dining room). Following on the heels of this remarkable mouth and the sentinel pa on Huriawa peninsular. The The guiding principle of the rOnanga is the event in 1987 was the establishment of our marae-based oldest section being Pa Katata and developed by the establishment of appropriate structures to uphold, protect Kohanga Reo. The home run came in 1990, under the

38 TE KARAKA Raumat; I Summer 1999 R a u mat i I Sum mer 1999 TE KARAKA 39 r~~ I •• I -I NGAI TAHU DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION I :t> Regional Tamariki Ora Services I S u :t> Within The Ngai Tahu Rohe Ngai Tahu Development Ngai Tahu Children's Caps $15.00 ::D Corporation T Shirts Books $5.00 each Black with Ngai Tahu Development Corp. logo The Ngai Tahu Development wanted to expand and broaden well across the rohe, and Inez and Bishop Black or White - $15.00 Te Waka Huia (Te Reo Maori) - sizes: S-XXL Te Waka Huia (English) Corporation health and social child services in the south. Kingi from the Tipu Ora Trust in Tamariki Alphabet Frieze ­ Waka Huruhurumanu A5 reprint - services team has recently been To put the new regional service Rotorua. Aroha Reriti-Crofts from Toi Rakatahi T Shirts $5.00 each successful in brokering a regional together, Ngai Tahu Development (Bilingual) o" Otautahi Maori Women's Welfare 1998 design tamariki ora service. Earlier this year has worked with Maori health I Te Kete a Rakaihautu A5 Reprint (Te Tamariki Number Frieze: Te League, which is picking up the Black - $16.00 sizes S-M ::D Te ROnanga 0 Ngai Tahu approved providers across the Ngai Tahu rohe. Christchurch part of the new I Reo Maori: Counting) 1999 design Kete a Rakaihautu - $5.00 a health and social services strategy This has included Te Tai 0 Marokura contract, was given the best wishes I :t> Grey - $15.00 sizes 4-12yrs Waiata Ngai Tahu Book & each for the tribe. This included Ngai Tahu in Kaikaura, Te Awhina in Hokitika, of those involved to build on the I Grey - $20.00 sizes S-XXL Cassette $5.00 each Development taking a leadership Otautahi Maori Women's Welfare foundation already established. For I Maramataka Kai Tahu 2000 Te Ha 0 Tahu Patiki and regional coordination role, League and Lucille Hill in the other areas, Maori well child Sports Bags $25.00 Calendar featuring art from Rukutia! I Haea teAta stepping back from providing Christchurch, Te Puna Whaihua in services will be breaking new I Black & blue with orange Ngai Rukutia! $18 services directly to the community. Arowhenua, Araiteuru Marae ground. The Tipu Ora model will be I Tahu Development Corp. logo Ngai Tahu Development Cor­ Council in Dunedin, and Awarua a sound foundation for the new ~------~- poration has operated the Tipu Ora Social Services in Murihiku. The providers. service in Christchurch for over five programme builds on the model Ngai Tahu Development Order Details years. The Tipu Ora Trust from already trialled with Tipu Ora, and Corporation has been supported by Complete the order form below and mail or phone your details to: Product Orders, Attention: Karlene, Rotorua originally gifted the expands on clinical aspects. The a number of Maori health providers Ngai Tahu Development Corporation, PO Box 13-046, CHRISTCHURCH. Telephone: 03-371 0190. programme in December 1993 to the new programme will be operational to take a leadership role in advancing Ngai Tahu Trust Board, with the from October and will initially employ improved services for Maori in Te NAME PHONE No. _ assistance of Te Puni Kakiri. Over at least ten community-based health Waipounamu. The Tamariki Ora six hundred, whanau have been workers from Kaikaura to Bluff. contract marks the first successful POSTAL ADDRESS _ involved with the service in On the 1sl of July, a special get initiative for Ngai Tahu in its new role Christchurch over this period. For together was held atTe Waipounamu in health and social services. This PRODUCT COLOUR QUANTITY PRICE some time an expansion of this House to mark the transition of the initiative will lead on to the BLACK WHITE service, to include the whole of the Tipu Ora services in Christchurch. establishment and delivery of a full Ngai Tahu rohe, has been sought. At Guests included participating range of services across the rohe of XXL I L XXL I L the beginning of this year, the Health whanau, workers past and present, Ngai Tahu in the future. Ngai Tahu DC T Shirts I I Funding Authority announced they some of the new providers from MS Toi Rakatahi T Shirts 1998 IXXLI XL 1 L MS 1211018 16 1 4 Toi Rakatahi T Shirts 19991 1 II 1 1 1 Sports Bags Te Waka Huia (Book) - 0 Te Reo Maori 0 English Waka Huruhurumanu AS reprint (Bilingual) Waiata Ngai Tahu Book & Cassette - 0 Tape One o Tape Two Caps Tamariki Alphabet Wall Frieze Tamariki Number Wall Frieze Tamariki Number Book: Te Kete a Rakaihautu (Te Reo Maori) Kk Maramataka Kai Tahu 2000 Calendar Postage and Handling - Up to 5 items within NZ: other quantities and destinations negotiable $5.00 Kai Tahu TOTAL PRICE o Cheque attached (Make payable to NTOC) Credit Cards: 0 Visa 0 Mastercard 0 Other

Card No.

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40 TE KARAKA RaumaIi I Sum mer 1 9 9 9 Raumati I Summer 1999 TE KARAKA 41 ...... CURRIE Sonya 1st Year Bachelor of Law Canterbury University Not Given ...... I· Tertiary Grants and Scholarships CURTIS Reginald 1st Year National Diploma in Computing Carich Computer Training Specialists Kaikoura Bachelor of Commerce Canterbury University Awarua I, CD Ngai Tahu Development is pleased to report that to date 462 tertiary grants have been made to Ngai Tahu students this year. DAINTITH Ariana 2nd Year CD DAVIES Patsi 5th Year Master of Philosophy Waikato University Te Ngai Tuahuriri CD The following list and profiles highlight the educational achievement of tribal members young and not so young. DELAMERE Renee 4th Year Bachelor of Arts Massey University Not Given CD DELL Janina 2nd Year Bachelor of Arts Otago University Rapaki I CD Last Name First Name Year Course Inslilute Runanga DEWAR Janette 3rd Year Bachelor of Nursing Otago Polytechnic Not Given CD of Study DOBBS James 2nd Year Professional Pilot Licence Ardmore Flying School Ltd AwarualOtakoulKati Huirapa -I ADAMS Lianne 2nd Year Diploma of Teaching Christchurch College of Education Not Given DOBSON Darlene 1st Year Career in Hairdressing Course Headquarters Hairdressing School Kati Huirapa Ki Puketeraki -I AITKEN Rachel 1st Year Interior Design The Nanette Cameron School Not Given DONALDSON Paul 5th Year PhD in Marine Biology Canterbury University Moeraki m ALLAN Lis-Jane 3rd Year Bachelor of Arts Massey University Not Given DOUGHERTY Sean 1st Year Bachelor of Law/Commerce Otago University Te Ngai Tuahuriri m ALLAN Justin 1st Year Bachelor of Arts Canterbury University Not Given DOUGHERTY Angela 4th Year Bachelor of Commerce Otago University Arowhenua JJ ALLIN Sharon 1st Year Certificate in Art, Craft & Design Nelson Polytechnic Not Given DRAKE Andrew 2nd Year Bachelor of Science Auckland University Kaikoura JJ AMOAMO Ngawai 4th Year Bachelor of Social Science Waikato University Rapaki DRAKE Haydn 2nd Year Bachelor of Science Auckland University Kaikoura -I ANDERSON Kirsten 1st Year Bachelor of Health Science Otago University Not Given DUFF Ewan 1st Year Bachelor of Arts Otago University Not Given -I ANDERTON Tania 1st Year Bachelor of Health Science Otago University Wairewa DUNN Katherine 2nd Year Bachelor of Nursing Taranaki Polytechnic Arowhenua ANDREW Tanya 1st Year Te Ao Maori Certificate Ofago Polytechnic Not Given DUNSTAN Jane 3rd Year Bachelor of Resource Studies Lincoln University Awarua - ASHBY Rina 3rd Year Bachelor of Social Science Waikato University Not Given EDGERTON Hayley 3rd Year Bachelor of Consumer and Applied Science Otago University NofGiven - » ATGER Angela 2nd Year Diploma of Teaching Rangi Ruru Centre for Advanced Studies Nof Given EDWARDS Michael 4th Year Bachelor of Arts Canterbury University Te Ngai Tuahuriri » JJ ATUTAHI Christopher 3rd Year Master of Business Administration Waikato University Te Ngai Tuahuriri EDWARDS Carolyn 2nd Year Bachelor of Commerce (Hons) Otago University Hokonui JJ AUMUA Pele 1st Year National Certificate in Exercise Science Universal College of Learning Waihao EDWARDS Aimee 2nd Year Bachelor of Law Otago University Not Given AUMUA Tanumafili 2nd Year Bachelor of Maori Visual Arts Massey University Waihao EDWARDS Mere-peehi 3rd Year Diploma of Teaching Christchurch College of Education Te Ngai Tuahuriri -< AUMUA Leisa 4th Year Bachelor of Maori Visual Arts Massey University Waihao ELKINGTON Hohepa 3rd Year Bachelor of Social Science Waikato University Rapakirre Ngai TuahuririiOtakou -< BAGGE Michael 3rd Year Bachelor of Arts Otago University Not Given ELKINGTON Elena 2nd Year Diploma in Business Studies Waikato Polytechnic Not Given G> BAKER Damian 2nd Year Diploma of Media Art Waikato Polytechnic Not Given ELLISON Maree 1st Year Bachelor of Arts Canterbury University Te NgaiTuahuriri G> BANNISTER Paul 2nd Year Bachelor of Science/Arts Victoria University Makawhio EMSLIE Fiona 1st Year Certificate in Social Services Christchurch Polytechnic Not Given JJ BARBER Bridget 1st Year Bachelor of Law/Commerce Otago University Not Given EVANS James 3rd Year Bachelor of Resource & Environmental Planning Massey University Awarua BARKER Joanne 4th Year Bachelor of Physical Education Otago University Moerakl FEARY Paul 2nd Year Bachelor of Arts Canterbury University Not Given JJ BARR Tremaine 4th Year Master of Science Lincoln University Makawhio FERNANDEZ Maria-Del 1st Year Bachelor of Nursing Northland Polytechnic Makawhio » BARRETT Sonia 1st Year Maori Ancient Therapy Training Course Maori National Therapy School Arowhenua FITZGERALD Mason 7th Year Master of Law Canterbury University Awarua » BATCHELOR Nathan 3rd Year Bachelor of Science/Arts Otago University Awarua FLETCHER Nathan 2nd Year Engineering Intermediate Canterbury University Not Given Z BATT Allee 1st Year Te Matauranga Maori Christchurch Polytechnic Not Given FLETCHER Jonathan 2nd Year Bachelor of Engineering (Hans) Canterbury University Not Given Z BATY Barry 2nd Year Diploma In Business Computing Aorakl Polytechnic Not Given FLUTEY Raymond 1st Year C Cat Instructor Rating Southern Aero Club Awarua -I BELCZACKI Linda 2nd Year Bachelor of Teaching Massey University Awarua FLUTEY Glyn 2nd Year Bachelor of Applied Science Unitec Not Given -I BELL Damon 5th Year Bachelor of Medicine/Surgery Otago University Oraka Aparima FORD Scott 4th Year Bachelor of Engineering Canterbury University Not Given en BELLAMY Charles 1st Year Bachelor of Education Massey University Not Given FORTUNE Stuart 2nd Year Te Ataarangi Christchurch Polytechnic Not Given en BENNETT Maika 1st Year Bachelor of Arts Waikato University Not Given FRASER Lillian 1st Year Bachelor of Human Biology Auckland University Otakou BENNETT Jade 4th Year Bachelor of Education/Diploma of Teaching Otago University Otakou FRINGS James 2nd Year Bachelor of Engineering (Hans) Canterbury University Not Given BENNETT Simon 5th Year Master of Science Massey University KatiWaewae FURNESS Tania 3rd Year Bachelor of Education Massey University Not Given BENSON Susan 2nd Year Bachelor of Nursing Christchurch Polytechnic Not Given GEARY Tina 2nd Year Bachelor of Commerce/Science Otago University Awarua BENSON Elizabeth 3rd Year Diploma in Hospitality ManagementlNaturopathy Christchurch Polytechnic Not Given GEMMELL Janice 2nd Year Bachelor of Arts Canterbury University Kaikoura BLAIR Rosemary 1st Year Certificate in Hospitality Christchurch Polytechnic Makawhio GIBSON Paul 2nd Year NZ Certificate In Engineering Northland Polytechnic Not Given BOWIE Kerry 2nd Year Bachelor of Law Otago University Not Given GIBSON Helen 1st Year Bachelor of Commerce Auckland University Not Given BOWLEY Elisabeth 2nd Year Diploma of Teaching Massey University Not Given GILBERT Analise 3rd Year Bachelor of Nursing Southland Polytechnic Awarua BRAGG Corey 2nd Year Bachelor of Science Otago University Awarua GILBERT Michael 2nd Year Bachelor of Arts Massey University Te Ngai Tuahuriri BRENNAN Benedict 2nd Year Diploma in Jazz Studies Christchurch Polytechnic Te Ngai Tuahuriri GILSENAN Kerri 1st Year Reo Rumaki Wanganui Polytechnic Not Given BRETHERTON Suzanne 3rd Year Bachelor of Education/Diploma of Teaching Christchurch College of Education Arowhenua GLASSON Riki 3rd Year Bachelor of Science Canterbury University Te Ngai Tuahuriri BRIDGEMAN Rachel 1st Year Bachelor of Health Science Otago University Not Given GLAZEWSKI Dominic 4th Year Bachelor of Law/Commerce Canterbury University Te Ngai Tuahuriri BROAD Andrea-Terri 2nd Year Bachelor of Tourism/Arts Victoria University Otakou GLAZEWSKI Ben 6th Year Bachelor of Law/Management Studies Waikato University Te Ngai Tuahuriri BRODIE Ria 3rd Year Bachelor of Midwifery Otago Polytechnic Not Given GLAZEWSKI Annabelle 1st Year Bachelor of Law/Management Studies Waikato University Not Given BRONS Jodie 3rd Year Bachelor of Media Arts Waikato Polytechnic Not Given GLEN Allison 2nd Year Bachelor of Arts Auckland University Not Given BRONS Erika 2nd Year Bachelor of Nursing Waikato Polytechnic Not Given GOLDSMITH Shannon 3rd Year Bachelor of Commerce Southland Polytechnic Waihopai BRONS Gerard 1st Year Certificate In Technology Waikato Polytechnic Otakou GOLDSMITH Amba 1st Year Diploma in Science Otago Polytechnic Walhopai BROOKER Benjamin 1st Year Pre Employment Training Course Air NZ Engineering Training School Arowhenua GOODWIN Johanna 2nd Year Diploma of Teaching Auckland College of Education Not Given BROOKING Rebecca 1st Year Bachelor of Arts Massey University Arowhenua GOOMES Deborah 3rd Year Bachelor of Business Studies Massey University Not Given BROWN Peter 2nd Year Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) Canterbury University Not Given GOOMES Sharon 4th Year Bachelor of Maori Visual Arts Massey University Otakou BRUNDELL Tipene 3rd Year Pokaitahi (Cert) Te Reo Northland Polytechnic Moeraki GRACE Mark 2nd Year Bachelor of Ministries Bible College of NZ Not Given BRYANT Louise 8th Year Bachelor of Performing & Screen Arts Unitec OtakoufMoeraki GREANEY Sharon 3rd Year Bachelor of Arts Otago University Kalkoura BUGLER Martin 6th Year Master of Business Administration Canterbury University Kaikoura GRIEVE Brian 2nd Year Certificate in Business Computing Christchurch Polytechnic KatiWaewae BURNS Carl 2nd Year NZ Certificate in Engineering Wellington Polytechnic Not Given GROUBE Janice 1st Year Bachelor of Arts Canterbury University Te Ngai Tuahuriri BUTLER Reuben 3rd Year Bachelor of Commerce (Hans) Otago University Not Given GROVES Vicki 2nd Year Certificate in Business Auckland Institute of Technology Awarua CADMAN Ruth 3rd Year Bachelor of Arts Otago University Otakou HADFIELD Eiaine 2nd Year Te Reo Maori Pae Tuarua Eastern Institute of Technology Not Given CAIN Ailsa 2nd Year Bachelor of Arts Otago University Not Given HAKOPA Josephine 2nd Year Bachelor of Health Studies Te Wananga a Raukawa Waihopai CAIRNS Alec 2nd Year Bachelor of Arts Massey University Kati HUirapa Ki Puketeraki HAKOPA Tapeka 1st Year Certificate in Counselling Theories Massey University Waihopai CAIRNS Ann 3rd Year Bachelor of Arts Otago University Hokonui/Otakou HALL Rachel 3rd Year Bachelor of Arts (Hons)/Law Otago University Kati Huirapa Ki Puketeraki CALDWELL Robert 1st Year National Certificate in Meat Retailing Hutt Valley Polytechnic Hokonui HAMILTON Linda 1st Year Te Mauri Whakatipuranga Wairarapa Polytechnic Not Given CALMAN Matthew 4th Year Honours in Fine Arts Design & Arts College of NZ Ltd Rapaki/Koukouraratarre Ngai Tuahuriri HAMMOND Peter 1st Year Deck Hand Course Malborough Maritime School Te Ngai Tuahuriri CAMERON Lisa 2nd Year Bachelor of Medicine/Surgery Auckland University Oraka Aparima HANRAHAN Shannon 2nd Year Bachelor of Arts Massey University Not Given CAMERON Linda 1st Year Certificate in Hairdressing NZ National Premier Hairdressing School Not Given HARDY Joanna 3rd Year Bachelor of Commerce Otago University Otakou CAMPBELL Jared 1st Year Certificate in Food & Beverage Service Southland Polytechnic Awarua HARDY Sarah 1st Year Bachelor of Health Science Otago University Otakou CAMPBELL Melissa 3rd Year Bachelor of Law Waikato University Not Given HARDY James 6th Year Professional Legal Studies Victoria University Otakou CARTER Tracey 3rd Year Bachelor of Law Auckland University Not Given HARMON Rahera Tino Rangatiratanga Whakapakari Whariki Takahanga Kohanga Reo Te Ngai Tuahuriri CARTER Suzanne 2nd Year Bachelor of Arts Canterbury University Te Ngai Tuahuriri HARPUR John 5th Year Tikanga Maori Aoraki Polytechnic Waihao/MoerakiiArowhenua CATTON Paula 2nd Year Diploma of Teaching Christchurch Polytechnic Te Ngai Tuahuriri HARPUR Che' 1st Year Bachelor of Science Waikato University Not Given CHURCHILL Travis 1st Year National Certificate in Automotive Engineering Southland Polytechnic Te Ngai Tuahuriri HARRIS Kevyn 6th Year Master of Business Massey University Makawhio CLARKE Bryan 3rd Year Bachelor of Arts Canterbury University Otakou HARRISON Anna 4th Year Bachelor of Landscape Architecture Lincoln University Te Ngai Tuahuriri CLARKE Michelle 1st Year Bachelor of Law/Management Studies Waikato University Not Given HARRISON Paul 2nd Year National Certificate for Entry to Automotive Trade Southern Institute of Technology Te Ngai Tuahuriri CLAYTON Angela 5th Year Diploma of Teaching Auckland University Te Ngai Tuahuriri HARVEY Christine 1st Year Bachelor of Arts CanterbUry University Not Given CLEMETT Julie 3rd Year Diploma of Teaching Christchurch College of Education Kati Waewae HAWAIKIRANGI Karen 1st Year National Certificate in Social Services Eastern Institute of Technology Not Given CLUCAS Rosemary 3rd Year Bachelor of Science Otago University Te Ngai Tuahuriri HAY Simon 4th Year Bachelor of Science (Hons) Canterbury University Not Given COAKLEY Karen 2nd Year Te Rangakura Wanganui Polytechnic Kati Waewae HEATH Anna 3rd Year Certificate in Hotel Catering & Tourism Management Aoraki Polytechnic Waihao COAKLEY Karen 2nd Year Te Rangakura Wanganui Polytechnic KatiWaewae HEMA Zane 3rd Year PhD in British Sign Language University of Central Lancashire Kati Huirapa Ki Puketeraki COBURN Shelley 1st Year Bachelor of Heallh Science Otago University Awarua HENARE Morehu 1st Year Te Huanui Christchurch Polytechnic Te Ngai Tuahuriri COCKS Louise 3rd Year Diploma of Business Studies Waikato Polytechnic Te Ngai Tuahuriri HENDERSON Ruth 2nd Year Bachelor of Arts Waikato University Not Given COELS Vennessa 1st Year Certificate in Complementary Therapies Aoraki Polytechnic Not Given HENRY Gabriella 4th Year Bachelor of Science (Hans) Canterbury University Not Given COOPER Peti 3rd Year Bachelor of Education Auckland College of Education Otakou HERD Andrew 3rd Year Bachelor of Science (Hans) Otago University Waihao COUCH Melissa 1st Year Diploma in Hospitality Management Otago Polytechnic Not Given HIGGINS Toni 1st Year Bachelor of Commerce Auckland University Not Given COUCH-SNOW Adelaide 8th Year Bachelor of Business Studies Massey University Rapaki HIHA Georgina 2nd Year Te Reo Maori Pae Tuatahi Eastern Institute of Technology Arowhenua COUPE Nicole 6th Year PhD in Whakamomori Massey University Moeraki HINKLEY Derek 2nd Year Marine Tourism/Dive Technician Certificate NZ Sea Adventures (SI) Ltd Not Given COX Catherine 3rd Year Bachelor of Arts Canterbury University Te Ngai Tuahuriri HIROTI Kapene 3rd Year Bachelor of Science/Commerce & Administration Otago University Koukourarata CRACKNELL Carla 1st Year Bachelor of Arts Eastern Institute of Technology Not Given HIROTI Leanne 5th Year Bachelor of Technology Massey University Koukourarata CROFTS Darin 2nd Year Bachelor of Science Edith Cowan University, WA Te Ngai Tuahuriri HOHAIA Paihera 2nd Year Bachelor of Social Science Waikato University Not Given CROFTS Brady 2nd Year Advanced Certificate in Automotive Engineering Wellington Polytechnic Te Ngai Tuahuriri HOHAIA Jody 2nd Year Bachelor of Education/Diploma of Teaching Christchurch College of Education Not Given CURRIE Irene 1st Year National Certificate in Business Administration Otago Polytechnic Not Given HOPKINS Jodi 5th Year Postgraduate Diploma of Arts Massey University Not Given

42 TE KARAKA Raumati / Summer 1999 Raumati / Summer 1999 TE KARAKA 43 ~ HOROMIA Awhina 2nd Year Bachelor of Education/Diploma of Teaching Waikato University Moeraki MOFFAT Hiria 2nd Year Tikanga Maori Aoraki Polytechnic Arowhenua ~ HORSMAN Kareena 3rd Year Bachelor of Arts Otago University Otakou MOKE Stefanie 2nd Year Bachelor of Management Studies Waikato University Te Ngai Tuahuriri <.0 HOUKAMAU Ahuriri 2nd Year Te Reo Maori Pae Tuarua Eastern Institute of Technology Not Given MORA Marita 3rd Year Bachelor of Arts Auckland University Te Ngai Tuahuriri <.0 HUDSON Arapera 4th Year Bachelor of Arts Eastern Institute of Technology Not Given MOREHU Lawrence 2nd Year Te Reo Maori Pae Tuarua Eastern Institute of Technology Not Given <.0 HUDSON Pauline 3rd Year Bachelor of Foundation Art Wanganui Polytechnic Arowhenua MORGAN Karanga 4th Year Bachelor of Matauranga Maori Te Wananga 0 Raukawa Not Given <.0 HULLEN Nicola 2nd Year Bachelor of Arts Massey University Te Ngai TuahuririlWaihao/Arowhenua MORRIS Donna 3rd Year Bachelor of Nursing Christchurch Polytechnic Not Given <.0 HUNT Renee 2nd Year Certificate in Cafe Service Hutt Valley Polytechnic Not Given MUIR-TUUTA Marama 2nd Year Bachelor of Education Auckland College of Education Kati Huirapa Ki Puketeraki <.0 HUNTER Toni 3rd Year Certificate in Hairdressing Christchurch Polytechnic Not Given MULES Ana 2nd Year Bachelor of Science Otago University Te Ngai Tuahuriri HUNTLEY Tania 1st Year Diploma of Teaching Christchurch College of Education Not Given MUNRO Aramia 2nd Year Bachelor of Social Science Waikato University Wairewa -I -I HUTANA Waka 1st Year Bachelor of Arts Canterbury University RapakifTe Ngai Tuahuriri MURPHY James 2nd Year Bachelor of Science/Law CanterbUry University Not Given HUTCHINSON Lonnie 6th Year Diploma of Teaching Christchurch College of Education Kaikoura MUTU Tamara 5th Year Bachelor of Law (Hons) Waikato University Awarua m m HYSLOP Peter 1st Year Bachelor of Science Canterbury University Te Ngai Tuahuriri NEWBLE Scott 1st Year Certificate in Adventure Tourism Aoraki Polytechnic Te Ngai Tuahuriri INNES Jeremy 3rd Year Bachelor of Parks, Recreation & Tourism Management Lincoln University Not Given NEWTON Andrew 1st Year Introduction to Automotive Electronics & Electrics Unitec Not Given ::xJ :JJ IUEY James 2nd Year Diploma of Business Computing Christchurch Polytechnic Not Given NEWTON-GREEN Moyra Jane 3rd Year Diploma of Teaching Christchurch College of Education Waihopai JACKSON-COTION Nancy 5th Year Bachelor of Social Work Massey University Te Taumutu NICHOLSON Wayne Rangi 9th Year Master of Arts Canterbury University Wairewa -I -I JENKINS Suzanne 1st Year Certificate in Hairdressing Christchurch Polytechnic Kaikoura NILSEN Trond 3rd Year Bachelor of Science Canterbury University Kaikoura JENKINS Barry 2nd Year NZ Certificate in Engineering Otago Polytechnic Te Ngai Tuahuriri NOANOA Joanne 3rd Year Diploma of Teaching Dunedin College of Education Waihopai JOHNSTONE Blair 3rd Year - - Bachelor of Education/Diploma of Teaching Massey University Not Given NOBLE Nicola 2nd Year Bachelor of Teaching & Learning Christchurch College of Education Not Given JOHNSTONE Anna 1st Year » » Diploma of Teaching Palmerston North College of Education Not Given NORTON Takarei 3rd Year Bachelor of Parks, Recreation & Tourism Management Lincoln University Wairewa JOHNSTONE Hayley 2nd Year Bachelor of Arts Massey University Awarua O'BRIEN Kylie-Ann 2nd Year Bachelor of Commerce CanterbUry University Oraka Aparima ::xJ :JJ KAIO Aimee 3rd Year Bachelor of Science Otago University Awarua O'CONNOR Michael 1st Year Electrical Engineering Course Southland Polytechnic Oraka Aparima KAMO Sian 3rd Year Bachelor of Broadcasting & Communication Christchurch Polytechnic ArowhenuaJRapaki ORBELL Bridget 2nd Year Professional Photography Christchurch Polytechnic Not Given -< KAMO Amos 5th Year Master of Resource Studies Canterbury University ArowhenuaJRapaki ORBELL Timothy 3rd Year Bachelor of Arts Waikato University Onuku -< KAMO Michaela 3rd Year Diploma of Marketing Christchurch Polytechnic ArowhenuaJRapaki O'RORKE Tane 5th Year Master of Arts Victoria University Not Given G) KARA Josephine 3rd Year Introductory Certificate in Design Wellington Polytechnic Arowhenua PAGE Tania 3rd Year Broadcasting Internship Course Christchurch Polytechnic OtakoulWairewa G) KEENAN Owen 1st Year Using your PC ICS Not Given PALATCHIE Ranae 1st Year Computer Graphic Design Course National College of Design & Technology Not Given KEIL Gladius 2nd Year Bachelor of Maori Studies Waiariki Polytechnic Te Ngai Tuahuriri PALMER Rachel 4th Year PhD in Anthropology Otago University Kati Huirapa Ki Puketeraki ::xJ :JJ KELLIAN Sandra 8th Year PhD in Museum Studies Massey University Not Given PAPACONSTANTINOU Anna 2nd Year Certificate in Photography Unitec Waihao KENRICK Tracy 4th Year Bachelor of Education Massey University Wairewa PARATA Kristian 1st Year Outdoor Recreation Assistant Leadership NZ School of Outdoor Studies Not Given » KENT Taranga 3rd Year Bacheior of Education Auckland College of Education Otakou PARIS Anthony 2nd Year Bachelor of Science/Commerce & Administration Canterbury University Not Given » KENT Stuart Alan 2nd Year Certificate in Sound Engineering Southland Polytechnic Waihopai PASCO Christopher 1st Year PhD in Teaching Unitec Not Given Z z KENT Stuart 1st Year Dipioma of Social Work Auckland College of Education Not Given PATERSON Kathryn 4th Year Bachelor of Health Science Auckland Institute of Technology Not Given KIHI Adelaide 1st Year National Certificate in Diversional Therapy Society of Diversional Therapists NZ Inc. Not Given PAULIN Rachel 2nd Year Bachelor of Arts/Law Auckland University Not Given -I KILGOUR Jonathan 5th Year Bachelor of Arts Waikato University Wairewa PAULING Craig 3rd Year Bachelor of Resource Studies Lincoln University Te Ngai Tuahuriri -I KING Robert 2nd Year Bachelor of Commerce Lincoln University ArowhenuaJKaikoura PAYNE Matiu 4th Year Bachelor of Science Lincoln University Koukourarata KINI Carmen en en 1st Year Certificate in Maori Studies Nelson Polytechnic Not Given PEARSE Jonathon 1st Year Bachelor of Health Science Auckland Institute of Technology Not Given KIPA Tuteki 1st Year Te Aka Kupu Bay of Plenty Polytechnic Not Given PEEBLES Jared 1st Year Smooth Speech Course Sydney University of Technology Moeraki KNIGHT Jacqueline 1st Year Diploma of Massage Therapy Lotus Holistic Centre Not Given PEETI Erana 1st Year Diploma in Exercise Science Universal College of Learning Not Given KOHERE Keita 2nd Year Bachelor of Planning Auckland University Te Ngai Tuahuriri PENE Christopher 1st Year Bachelor of Health Science Otago University Te Ngai Tuahuriri KOTUA Jeffimy 3rd Year Bachelor of Pharmacy Otago University Wairewa PENI Wilken 2nd Year Diploma of Teaching Waiariki Institute of Technology Hokonui KYLE William 3rd Year Bachelor of Commerce Canterbury University Waihao PENMAN Tui 1st Year NZ Diploma in Business Bay of Plenty Polytechnic Not Given LAKE Sara-Jane 2nd Year Bachelor of Japanese Challenge Examination Christchurch Polytechnic Wairewa PERE Lynne 3rd Year Diploma in Public Health Otago University Otakou LASH Nicholas 3rd Year Bachelor of Medicine/Surgery Otago University Not Given PERRY Tania 6th Year Bachelor of Physical Education/Arts Otago University AwarualWairewa LATHAM-COATES Arihia 2nd Year Diploma in Naturopathy Wellpark College Waihao PETERSEN Carla 2nd Year Bachelor of Commerce Otago University Waihopai LAUGHTON Patricia 4th Year Diploma of Social Services Southland Polytechnic Not Given PETERSON Mary-Jane 1st Year Diploma in Chinese Medicine Christchurch College of Holistic Healing Not Given LAWSON-TE AHO Keri 8th Year PhD in Strategic Planning Massey University Onuku PEWHAIRANGI Roy 1st Year NZ Diploma in Business Eastern Institute of Technology Not Given LAYTON Lisa 3rd Year Bachelor of Social Science Waikato University Moeraki PHILLIPS Samuel 1st Year Bachelor of Commerce CanterbUry University Not Given LEE Kopa 2nd Year Te Huanui Christchurch Polytechnic Rapaki PIMM Simon 1st Year Bachelor of Arts Massey University Not Given ~E K~ 1st Year Te Rangakura Wanganui Polytechnic Hokonui PITAMA Natalya 2nd Year National Diploma in Social Services Christchurch Polytechnic Te Ngai Tuahuriri/Arowhenua LENIHAN Helen 7th Year Transitional Certificate in Psychology Victoria University Te Ngai Tuahuriri PITIS-HOPKINS Gillian 6th Year Master of Business Administration Otago University Not Given LESLIE Susan 2nd Year Bachelor of Social Work CanterbUry University Not Given POHATU Mauhana 4th Year Introduction to Cookery Wellington Polytechnic Awarua LOCKE Janine 5th Year Bachelor of Science Waikato University Not Given POHATU-STONE David 5th Year Bachelor of Law/Arts (Hons) Victoria University Te Ngai Tuahuriri LOUSICH Tina 3rd Year Bachelor of Business Studies Massey University Not Given POHIO Kane 1st Year Bachelor of Information Technology Waikato Polytechnic Not Given LOVE Aamai 3rd Year NZ Diploma in Business Tairawhiti Polytechnic Not Given POIPOI Georgina 2nd Year Te Reo Maori Pae Tuatahi Eastern Institute of Technology Not Given LUCY Hazel 1st Year Certificate in Complementary Therapies Aoraki Polytechnic Not Given POMARE Nicholas 1st Year Bachelor of Commerce Canterbury University Te Ngai Tuahuriri LUKE Aroha 4th Year Te Reo Maori Pae Tuawha Eastern Institute of TechnOlogy Not Given POPHAM Timothy 4th Year Bachelor of Science Otago University Waihao MACDONALD Marama 3rd Year Bachelor of Science Victoria University Te Ngai Tuahuriri POTIER Toni 2nd Year Bachelor of Performing & Screen Arts Unitec Not Given MACDONALD Lindsey 7th Year PhD in Political Science Canterbury University Te Ngai Tuahuriri POWICK Kiri 2nd Year Bachelor of Education/Diploma of Teaching Waikato University Not Given MACDONALD Kaye 2nd Year Diploma of Social Work Victoria University Te Ngai Tuahuriri PRASAD Dorothea 3rd Year Diploma of Teaching Christchurch College of Education Koukourarata MAGUIGAN Tania 1st Year Hairdressing & Beauty Therapies Aoraki Polytechnic Moeraki PREBBLE Matthew 5th Year Master of Science Victoria University Te Ngai Tuahuriri MAHUIKA Terry-Lee 1st Year Automotive Technology Tai Poutini Polytechnic Makawhio PRENDERGAST TeAri 1st Year Te Tohu Pokairua Christchurch Polytechnic Te Ngai TuahuririlKoukourarata MAITLAND Rachel 2nd Year Bachelor of Teaching & Learning Dunedin College of Education Not Given PROCTER Jonathan 6th Year Bachelor of Science Massey University Not Given MAKO Anthony 3rd Year Bachelor of Design Wellington Polytechnic Not Given PROCTOR Nathaniel 1st Year Bachelor of Science Canterbury University Not Given MANIHERA Rene 1st Year Meet your Computer Christchurch Polytechnic Te Ngai Tuahuriri PSALTIS Eleni 3rd Year Bachelor of Law/Arts Canterbury University Onuku MARINO Aalan 2nd Year Diploma of Teaching Te Whare Wananga 0 Awanuiarangi Not Given PURDUE Brandon 2nd Year Bachelor of Commerce Otago University Not Given MARSH Brian 6th Year Project Evaiuation Massey University Not Given RADFORD Aitutaki 1st Year Te Mata 0 Te Reo Massey University Not Given MARTIN Jodie 3rd Year Bachelor of Arts Victoria University Not Given RANGI Gene 1st Year Applied Recreation in Fitness Christchurch Polytechnic WairewaJOnuku MASON-HEREWINI Rubeena 2nd Year Bachelor of Law Waikato University Kati Waewae RANGI Charisma 4th Year Bachelor of Law Canterbury University WairewaJOnuku MATAHAERE L1anelly 2nd Year Bachelor of Law/Arts Otago University Not Given RANGINUI Hinemoa 2nd Year Bachelor of Maori Visual Arts Massey University Not Given MATAHAERE Darlene 2nd Year Bachelor of Arts Otago University Otakou RAPATA Karmela 1st Year Bachelor of Arts/Commerce Otago University Onuku/Kati Waewae/Rapaki/ Tuahuriri MCALLISTER Kevin 1st year Close Protection Course Onix International Ltd Not Given RATU Jacob 2nd Year Bachelor of Law Waikato University Not Given McCONNOCHIE Bridget 1st Year Bachelor of Social Work CanterbUry University Moeraki RATU Rahera 1st Year Chrysalis Certificate/Maori Studies Eastern Bay of Plenty REAP Not Given MCDONALD Marlene 7th Year Bachelor of Arts Otago University Otakou REARDON Kelly 1st Year Speech & Language Therapy Canterbury University Kaikoura MCGLINCHEY Georgina 2nd Year Bachelor of Nursing Wellington Polytechnic Not Given REHU Maurice 2nd Year 2nd Mate Watchkeeper Foreign Going Course Manukau Institute of Technology Rapaki McHALE Cameron 3rd Year Bachelor of Physical Education/Commerce Otago University Not Given REIHANA Ripeka 2nd Year Bacheior of Arts Waikato University Not Given McHALE Malcolm 1st Year Certificate in Carpentry Waikato Polytechnic Not Given REIHANA Aroha 4th Year Bachelor of Social Science Waikato University Not Given McKAY Karen 3rd Year Bachelor of Social Science Queensland University of Technology Not Given REILLY Kate 1st Year Bachelor of Business Studies Massey University Not Given McKEAN Jamie 2nd Year National Certificate in Automotive Engineering Wellington Polytechnic Not Given REILLY Teresa 3rd Year Bachelor of Arts Massey University Not Given McKENZIE Jennifer 1st Year Diploma in Professional Culinary Arts Eastern Institute of Technology Te Ngai Tuahuriri RICHARDS Jonathon 2nd Year Bachelor of Medicine/Surgery Otago University Not Given MCLEAN Joanne 3rd Year Bachelor of Law/Arts Canterbury University Not Given RICHARDS Keri 1st Year Bachelor of Science Canterbury University Not Given McLEARY Callum 2nd Year Dipioma of Applied Recreation Christchurch Polytechnic Waihopai RICHARDSON Marc 3rd Year Bachelor of Commerce Canterbury University Not Given McONIE Sarah 2nd Year Bachelor of Music (Hons) Otago University Not Given RICKUS Marama 2nd Year Bachelor of Maori Design & ArtiTe Reo Maori Te Wananga 0 Raukawa Not Given McONIE-PERFECT Andrea 8th Year PhD in Educational Psychology Massey University Not Given RICKUS Angeline 2nd Year Hairdressing VSI Diploma Avonmore Teritary Academy Te Ngai Tuahuriri McRAE Sophie 1st Year Bachelor of Business Auckland Institute of Technology Not Given RIGBY Frances 6th Year Bachelor of Law/Arts Victoria University Oraka Aparima MCRAE John 3rd Year Bachelor of Arts Otago University Not Given ROBB Christine 2nd Year Real Estate Salesperson (Pre-Entry) Open Polytechnic Not Given McVICAR Tania 2nd Year LTCL Teaching Diploma Trinity College of Speech & Drama Not Given ROBENS Julie (Huria) 4th Year Bachelor of Arts (Hons) Victoria University Not Given MEEHAN Robyn 1st Year Bachelor of Arts Otago University Not Given RODERIQUE Lara 10 Master of Health Science/B.Con&AppI.Science Otago University Awarua MEIKLE Jamie 3rd Year Master of International Studies Otago University Kati HUirapa Ki Puketeraki ROGERSON John 1st Year Postgraduate Diploma Otago University Hokonui MEIKLEJOHN-STARKEY Karen 2nd Year Diploma in Maori Studies Te Wananga 0 Raukawa Kaikoura ROGERSON Aroha 2nd Year Te Rangakura Wanganui Polytechnic Hokonui METZ Aaron 5th Year Bachelor of Arts Otago University Otakou ROPATA Paul 1st Year Bachelor of Arts Otago University Otakou MILLER Kiri 3rd Year Bachelor of Commerce Otago University Not Given RUDOLPH Floyd 1st Year Journalism Course NZ Institute of Business Studies Not Given MILLER Anna 3rd Year Bachelor of Arts/Bachelor of Science (Hons) Otago University Kati Huirapa Ki Puketeraki RUSH Matthew 3rd Year Bachelor of Law Canterbury University Moeraki MILNER Luke 2nd Year Bachelor of Social Science/Arts Otago University Not Given RUSSELL Matthew 1st Year General Catering & Cooking Certificate Tairawhiti Polytechnic Otakou MITCHELL Nicola 1st Year Dipioma of Teaching Christchurch College of Education Oraka Aparima RUSSELL Isaac 3rd Year Bachelor of Commerce Otago University Arowhenua

44 TE KARAKA Rau mat i / Sum mer 1 9 9 9 Raumati / Summer 1999 TE KARAKA 45 ...... RUSSELL James 2nd Year National Certificate in Travel Christchurch Polytechnic Not Given RYAN Scott 1st Year Bachelor of Science Canterbury University Not Given U) RYAN Rebecca 1st Year Diploma of Teaching Christchurch College of Education Not Given POST GRADUATE SCHOLARSHIPS -a SCHENKEL Tania 1st Year Introduction to Psychology Hagley Community College WairewaiOnuku/Rapaki U) SCHWALGER Sharon 2nd Year Diploma of Community & Social Work Otago University Awarua Mere Skerrett-White Paul Donaldson o U) SCOTI Kate 1st Year Bachelor of Science/Commerce & Administration Victoria University Not Given SENIOR Adrienne 2nd Year Certificate in Counselling Theories Massey University Not Given Mere is currently studying at Paul is in his fifth year of study for a en SHEEHAN Bernadette 2nd Year Bachelor of Midwitery Otago Polytechnic Arowhenua University of Waikato for a PhD in PhD in Marine Biology at Canterbury -I SHORT Simon 3rd Year Bachelor of Business Studies Massey University Awarua -I SIDORUK Martin 6th Year Bachelor of Architecture Victoria University Otakou Education, having already completed University, having already completed SINTES Sarah 2nd Year m Office Technology Level 4 Christchurch Potytechnic Makawhio a BSc (Hons) in Zoology at Otago and C) SKERRETI Emily 2nd Year Bachelor of Maori Studies Waiariki Institute of Technology Not Given a Bachelor of Education and a SKERRETI Delaney 4th Year Postgraduate Diploma of Arts Queensland University of Technology Waihopai Masters of Philosophy (First Class CanterbUry Universities. This year he :::c SKIPWORTH Garry 1st Year Te Reo Maori Pae Tuatahl Eastern Institute of Technology Not Given Honours) She is majoring in is researching his thesis on the :::c -I SMITH Annamarie 2nd Year Bachetor of Education Central Institute of Technology Not Given SMITH Alissa 1st Year Bachelor of Science Canterbury University Not Given Education and Maori. Mere works at ecology of the fat-bellied seahorse SMITH Joanne 7th Year Postgraduate Diploma of Arts Otago University Kati Huirapa Ki Puketeraki » the University of Waikato and has a passion for Hippocampus abdomina/is (Syngnathidae) in the - SMITH Mortein 2nd Year Human Resources Training & Development Auckland University Te Ngai Tuahuriri/Koukourarata SOLOMON Justin 3rd Year National Certificate in Electrical Engineering c » Christchurch Polytechnic Kaikoura immersion education_ She is the inaugural recipient of Wellington Harbour region. Paul is a descendant of Tete SOUNESS Kate 5th Year Bachelor of Fine Arts/Arts Canterbury University Te Ngai Tuahurin :::c SOUR Jessica 3rd Year Bachelor of Arts the Taurawhiri i Te Reo Maori PhD Scholarship, and also Haberfield, and affiliates to Te ROnanga 0 Moeraki. c CanterbUry University Not Given SOUTHERWOOD Mary 5th Year Master of Library & Information Studies Victoria University Moeraki runs a kohanga reo from her home. Mere affiliates to SPENCE Michael 1st Year -< Bachelor of Science Otago University Not Given Joanne Smith STANBURY Justin 2nd Year Bachelor of Arts CanterbUry University Not Given Waihopai rOna!sa. ~ C) STEVENS Sonya 1st Year Bachelor of Arts/Law Canterbury University Wairewa Jo is a descendant of Kehaia STEVENS Michael 1st Year Bachelor of Arts/Law Otago University Moeraki/Awarua STIRLING Delia Delaney Skerrett Tuahuru, and affiliates to Kati Huirapa m 1st Year Small Business Management NZ School of Food & Wine Kaikoura :::c STIRLING Dan 1st Year National Certificate in Exercise Science Central Institute 01 Technology Not Given Delaney is in his fourth year studying lsi Puketeraki. She is in her seventh STONE Herena 3rd Year Bachelor of Law Waikato University Rapaki Spanish Language and Literature at year of her PhD at Otago University en » STONE-RAPANA Mate 3rd Year Bachelor of Arts/Law Auckland University Rapaki STUART Gayle 1st Year Certificate in Social Practice Unitec Te Ngai Tuahuriri the University of Queensland for a in Film Studies. This year Jo is o STURGEON Jacqueline 1 z Certificate in Skills for Employment Otago Polytechnic Not Given postgraduate Bachelor of Arts working on her thesis which involves SUDDABY Perita 3rd Year Diploma of Teaching Dunedin College of Education Rapaki :J: -I SUDDABY Freda 3rd Year Te Huanui Christchurch Polytechnic Oraka Aparima (Hons). Delaney has already com­ using contemporary films and visual SUTER Eva 3rd Year Diploma of Social Work Te Wananga 0 Raukawa Not Given pleted a Bachelor of Arts (Spanish) culture to examine concepts of cultural differences. "My en SWANN Brendon 3rd Year Bachetor of Engineering (Hons) Canterbury University Moeraki o TAIAROA Melanie 8th Year Bachelor of Artsllaw Waikato University Not Given at the University of Auckland. In 1993 research contributes to the cultural revitalisation of TAIAROA Rochai 8th Year PhD in Teaching Waikato University Otakou Kaitahutaka by examining the historical and r- TAINUI John 4th Year Bachelor of Law/Arts Canterbury University Onuku Delaney spent a year as an AFS scholar in Chile. The TAINUI Lionel 1st Year Certificate in Jade Carving Tai Poutini Polytechnic Not Given following year he had the honour of being the top scholar contemporary representation of Dunedin's identity and » TAIPANA Mereti 5th Year Bachelor of Arts Massey University Arowhenua in Bursary Spanish. In 1995 he was top student in Italian the relations between Kai Tahu and Pakeha." TAKAROA Hoani 1st Year Te Huanui Christchurch Polytechnic Kati Huirapa Ki Puketeraki ::D TAREHA Reonahia 1st Year Bachelor of Information Technology Griffith University Not Given at the University of Auckland. His ambition is to complete TAUWHARE Stephen 5th Year Master of Philoscphy Massey University Kati Waewae Lindsey Te Ata 0 Tu MacDonald en TAYLOR Nigel 4th Year Diploma in Travel & Tourism Aucktand Institute of Technology Te Taumutu a doctorate, possibly in Sociocultural Psychology, as TEHAU Aroha 1st Year National Certificate in Social Services Tairawhiti Polytechnic Not Given Delaney has a particular interest in the significance of Lindsey is studying at the University :J: TE HIRA Dwayne 4th Year Bachelor of Media Arts Waikato Polytechnic Waihopai TEKOETI Athena 4th Year Bachelor of Arts Canterbury University Makawhio culture and language in psychology and identity. of Canterbury for a PhD in Political TERAKI Shane 4th Year PhD in ManagemenVTourism - Otago University Arowhenua Although he is now living in Queensland, Delaney Science, majoring in Political -a TEWANI Jacquline 1st Year Te Reo Tuatahi Te Kohanga Reo National Trust Board Kaikoura maintains close contact with his whanau in Invercargill. Philosophy. He has already TE WHAITI Andrew 2nd Year Master of Business Administration Massey University Not Given en TE WHAITI Simon 1st Year Certificate in Jade Carving Tai Poutini Polytechnic Not Given Waihopai. completed a BA (Hons) and an MA. TEEPU Diana 1st Year Chrysalis Certificate REAP Not Given TEKA Tui 2nd Year Te Kopae Full TIme Maori Studies Wanganui Polytechnic Not Given Lindsey's research explores the THOMS Matthew 1st Year Bachelor of Education CanterbUry University Not Given Khyla Russell theory behind the concept of "rights". THOMSON Simon 2nd Year Diploma of Teaching/Bachelor of Maori Studies NZ Graduate School of Education Kati Huirapa Ki Puketeraki THORPE Dylan 1st Year Pre Employment Training Course Air NZ Engineering Training School Kati Waewae Khyla affiliates to !sa rOna!sa 0 Otakou, Kati Huirapa and He explains: "To have an understanding of how non­ TICKELL Chris 3rd Year Te Rangakura Wanganui Polytechnic Kaikoura Taumutu. She is involved with Otakou ROna!sa and is a Maori are using rights will help Ngai Tahu achieve TIPA Gail 6th Year PhD in Geography Otago University Moeraki TIPIWAI Koro 1st Year Bachelor of Resource Studies Lincoln University Onuku kaiako for reo rumaki and kia kurapa hui. She is currently success in negotiating and conveying an understanding TOOMEY Emma 1st Year Bachelor of Teaching & Learning Christchurch College of Education WairewaiOnuku in her sixth year of study at the University of Otago for a of Ngai Tahu mana whenua, by understanding the iwi's TRAILL Vanessa 2nd Year Bachelor of Commerce Victoria University Not Given TUMAHAI Lisa 3rd Year Te Ataarangi Christchurch Polytechnic Kati Waewae PhD in Anthropology and Maori Studies. This year she own right claims and political arguments, and those of TUUTA TIa 4th Year Bachelor of Education/Diploma of Teaching Christchurch College of Education Wairewa is working on her thesis which focuses on the relationship others". Lindsey affiliates to Ngai TOahuriri ROnanga. UDE-SHANKAR Anoushka 2nd Year Bachelor of Medical Laboratory Science Otago University Not Given UNAHI Ma-Rea 2nd Year Bachelor of Applied Science Open Polytechnic Kaikoura Kai Tahu have with the landscape. Khyla was the WAKEFIELD Benita 1st Year Master of Philoscphy Massey University Onuku recipient of the Otago University PhD Maori Scholarship. Tane 0'Rorke WAKEFIELD Taromi 1st Year Bachelor of Maori Studies Lorraine Martin College WairewaiOnuku WAKEFIELD Tania 1st Year Bachelor of Arts Canterbury University Not Given She has already completed a Bachelor of Arts in Social Tane is in his fifth year studying for a WALKER Keelan 1st Year Diploma of Internet Technology National College of Design & Technology Not Given Sciences and a Postgraduate Diploma of Arts, with Masters in Psychology at Victoria WALKER Moana 1st Year Diploma in Travel & Tourism George Seymour National College Not Given WALLACE Aileen 3rd Year Bachelor of Science Otago University Awarua Distinction, from the University of Otago. University where he has already WARD Melanie 2nd Year Diploma of Teaching Christchurch College of Education Not Given completed a BA (First-class WATSON Trevor 1st Year Certificate in Audio Engineering &Music Production Tai Poutini Polytechnic AwaruaiOraka Aparima WATI Beverly 2nd Year National Certificate in Diversional Therapy Otago Polytechnic Arowhenua Amos Kamo Honours). He has joined the ranks WHITE Renee 3rd Year Certificate in Hairdressing Waiariki Polytechnic Waihopai Amos is in his fifth year of study for a Masters of Resource of a very small group of Maori WHITE Mere 7th Year Education Document Waikato University Waihopai WHITE Nolan 1st Year Diploma of Teaching Waikato University Not Given Studies at Lincoln University. He has already completed students pursuing higher levels of WICKENS Ken 2nd Year Bachelor of Arts Massey University Te Ngai Tuahuriri a Bachelor of Arts (Hons) in History and Maori at education in Psychology at Victoria. He is currently WILKINSON Peta 6th Year Bachelor of Arts/Law Auckland University Not Given WILLIAMS Kristan 2nd Year National Certificate in Electrical Appliances Christchurch Polytechnic Wairewa Canterbury University. A descendant of Ihaia Te Wera working on a Masters within the area of Industrial and WILLIAMS Lorraine 3rd Year Intensive Maori Southland Polytechnic Te Ngai Tuahuriri Whaitiri, Amos affiliates to !sa rOna!sa 0 Rapaki and Organisational Psychology. Tane is actively encouraging WILLIAMS Pania 4th Year Bachelor of Fine Arts Otago Polytechnic Otakou/Puketeraki WILLIAMS Kim 1st Year Bachelor of Social Work Massey University Not Given Arowhenua. Amos believes "the ultimate goal is to Maori Psychology undergraduates to continue in this WILLINGHAM Melanie 1st Year Bachelor of Science Eastern Institute of Technology Not Given ensure greater Maori participation in environmental field. Outside of university, Tane is involved with a group WILSON Katherine 6th Year Master of Business Administration Massey University Not Given WOODHOUSE Marilyn 4th Year Master of Business Studies Massey University Not Given policy and planning." He refers to sections of the specialising in Hip-hop music and has been helping set WOOLDRIDGE Luke 1st Year National Certificate for Entry to Automotive Trade Southern Institute of Technology Not Given Resource Management Act 1991 concerning Maori up a youth centre and cafe on the Kapiti Coast. WULFF Faye 3rd Year Diploma of Visual Arts Nelson Polytechnic Not Given WYETH Emma 1st Year Bachelor of Health Science Otago University Kati Huirapa Ki Puketeraki resource issues that do not reflect Maori input. Amos's YATES Moana 3rd Year Bachelor of Commerce & Administration Victoria University Kati Huirapa Ki Puketeraki sporting interests include waka ama and touch. YOUNG Tara 2nd Year Diploma in Events Management Aoraki Polytechnic Waihao YOUNG Karla 2nd Year Bachelor of Teaching & Learning Christchurch College 01 Education Not Given

46 TE KARAKA Raumati / Summer 1999 R a u mat i / Sum mer 1999 TEKARAKA 47 ." Rachel Palmer Francisco and Bristol. Nicole is also involved with Ngai Rachel is in her third year studying Tahu Development activities. Some of the objectives she PAPATIPU RUNAKA SCHOLARSHIP RECIPIENTS ." o for a PhD in Anthropology at Otago outlines in her proposal are "to establish a working model Waihopai Makaawhio » en University. She has already and rOnalsa intervention strategy for Kai Tahu community Dwayne Te Hira Tremane Barr ." -I completed a BA with Honours and an mental health workers, to develop a Kai Tahu suicide Dwayne is this year's recipient of the Te ROnanga 0 Makaawhio has MA with Distinction. Rachel belongs prevention strategy and to increase Kai Tahu workforce Waihopai scholarship. Dwayne is awarded this year's scholarship to C) to the Moturata-Taieri whanau and participation in mental health epidemiology." currently in his third year studying Tremane Barr, a descendant of Te ~ affiliates to Kati Huirapa and Te Graphic Design for a Bachelor of Koeti Turanga and Ripeka Tutoko. O~ta"ko...\llu-. Zane Hema - :D ROnanga Rachel chose to submit an account Media Arts at Waikato Polytechnic. Tremane is also the recipient of a ." Zane is the grandson of Matapurua of the life of Tare Paraone 1832-1921, daughter of Dwayne has already gained national postgraduate scholarship. Tremane Rehu Te Pa and John Te Ururaki C » Wharerimu from Pukehou (Codfish Island) and Captain recognition for past project designs and in 1992 won the is currently in his fourth year studying for a Masters of Spencer. He is currently studying at c Robert Brown. For her studies, Rachel's thesis looks at poster competition for the World's Indigenous Science in Resource Mangaement at Lincoln University. the University of Central Lancashire :D "how people perceived, used and changed the landscape Conference representing Aotearoa. ("We are Aotearoa"). He supports the proposal that there needs to be wide­ C for a Postgraduate Diploma BSLI CI of South Otago, to illuminate relationships between society Last year Dwayne designed the logo for Health ranging and informed debate on biotechnology and its English Interpreting (Sign Language and the environment." Rachel is part of the Moturata Waikato's, "Smoke Free Week". He is currently working implications for Ngai Tahu, particularly in the areas of Z Interpreting). Zane states: "Sign ~ Management Committee and was involved in the Kai Tahu part - time as a designer for the new publication, "TO Mai", genetic engineering and eugenics. Tremane represents Language Interpreting has been described as an ki Otago Natural Resource Management Plan. that launched in April. He is a descendant of lhaia Potiki Te ROnanga 0 Makaawhio on the Mahinga Kai Tikanga » m 'emerging profession'. This is in line with deaf and Wharetutu. Dwayne is involved with the local kapa o Ngai Tahu Komiti and is also on the Makaawhio Christopher Atutahi communities throughout the world campaigning for their haka group at Te Rau Aroha Marae, he is also in the Resource Management and Marae committees. I" en Chris is in his final year at Waikato equal place in society. Their main demand is that their choir and part of a whanau support group. » () University majoring in Strategy and language (ie, sign language) be given official Awarua Corporate Governance for a Master recognition ... my aim is not only to be a skilled and en ::I: Kaikoura Nathan Batchelor of Business Administration. He has competent interpreter but also to become involved in the () Karen Meiklejohn-Starkey Awarua ROnanga has selected completed a Bachelor of Engineering training of interpreters." o Kaikoura ROnanga has selected Karen Meiklejohn­ Nathan Batchelor as their papatipu ::I: r- (Civil) (Hons) through Canterbury University. In his project proposal Patsi Davies Starkey as their papatipu rOnalsa scholarship recipient. rOnalsa scholarship recipient. Nathan o » Chris states: "The leadership challenge for organisations Patsi is in her first year of study at the Karen is a descendant of tOpuna affiliated to is in his third year of study at Otago r- :D like Tainui and Ngai Tahu will be to build organisational University of Waikato for a Master of Mangamaunu in Kaikoura. Karen has already completed Polytechnic, majoring in Zoology for en infrastructure in response to environmental change. Philosophy in Law. She already has a Diploma in Matauranga Maori and is currently in her a BSc and Maori Studies for a BA. » These structures will allow Tainui and Ngai Tahu to a Bachelor of Social Sciences, a second year studying for a Bachelor of Maori Laws and Nathan's intention, upon the completion of his BSc, is to :D ::I: organise their business and commercial practices to suit Diploma of Health Service Philosophy. Karen is the liaison person for Ngai Tahu ki do a Diploma of Science in Marine Science. The the many needs of their people based on established Management (Distinction) and an Waho (Wellington) and is a kaiawhina at Te Kailsa Whare outcome of these courses would see Nathan become a en - LLB (First-class Honours). Patsi is a there. She has helped co-ordinate research projects for marine biologist with a Maori (Kai Tahu) perspective on ." goals, objectives and strategies." ::I: en descendant of Merehana Puha and affiliates to Ngai Ngai Tahu Development. fisheries, which he hopes will be of benefit to the iwi. Rangi Nicholson TOahuriri ROnanga. Patsi has been involved with Health Nathan is a keen sportsman, partiCUlarly, league and ."- Rangi is a descendant of Riria Waikato in a variety of roles over the years. In her Oraka-Aparima touch. As well as playing both at representative level Paeumu, Te Toko and lpika and research paper she states that: "The (Health and Rangimaria Suddaby throughout his high school years, Nathan also plays for en affiliates to Wairewa ROnanga. He is Disability) Commissioner's review is particularly OrakaAparima ROnalsa has selected the Awarua ROnanga touch team. Past academic studying Applied Linguistics at the important because the Commissioner has proposed an Rangimaria Suddaby as their achievements include the Tiwai Aluminium Smelter University of Canterbury for a Master amendment to the Health and Disability Commissioner papatipu rOna!s.a scholarship Excellence in Science Award, Ansett Award for General of Arts. He already has a BA and a Act to specify, ...the needs, values, and beliefs of Maori recipient. Rangimaria, who is a Excellence and Dux/Head Boy at Kingswell High School. BTheo. Rangi believes "that unless and recognition of their status as tangata whenua in the trained teacher, is currently attending Maori language is returned to the home, neighbourhood Treaty of Waitangi.' The Commissioner contends that Christchurch Polytechnic studying Te Arowhenua and community, all else is simply biding time... it will be this will, '...help ensure ownership of the code by Maori Huanui: Certificate in Maori Language. Rangimaria is a Natalya Pitama necessary for Te ROnanga 0 Ngai Tahu and the Ngai Tahu as a tool for empowerment.' This infers that the use of member of Oraka Aparima rOnalsa and affiliates to Rapaki Natalya is Te ROnanga 0 Development Corporation, as well as each ofthe papatipu legislation may serve to faciliatate the improved delivery through the Paipeta line. As a Maori resource teacher, Arowhenua's scholarship recipient. rOnalsa to prioritise their aspirations and develop a capacity of health and disability services to Ngai Tahu whanui and she is involved with iwi, hapO, whanau and kura. She affiliates to both TOahuriri and for the effective delivery of language services which meet those living within our rohe." Arowhenua through the Pitama and identified needs." Jamie Meikle Onuku Reihana whanau. Natalya is Nicole Coupe Jamie affiliates to Kati HUirapa ki John Tainui , currently in her second year studying Nicole is a descendant of Teitei. She Puketeraki, he is a descendant of For the second year Onuku ROnanga have selected John at the Christchurch Polytechnic for a Diploma in Social is currently enrolled at Massey Hinekoau and William Lloyd. Jamie Tainui to be their scholarship recipient. John, who is a Services. Last year Natalya completed her Certificate University studying for her PhD in has already completed a BA and a descendant of Wereta Tainui, is in his fourth year studying in Social Services. Natalya has had previous training in Maori Studies. She is studying Maori Postgraduate Diploma with for a LLB/BA, majoring in American Studies, at broadcasting. As a student she spent a year in Brazil as Health with a particular focus on Distinction in History and Geography. Canterbury University. John is very much involved in an AFS scholar. She is a keen sportsperson including Epidemiology, and Prevention of This year he is studying for a Master rOnalsa life at Onuku, particularly in ralsatahi and sporting netball, rowing and latterly, hockey. For the past three Maori Suicide and Attempted Suicide. of International Studies at Otago University. Last year activities. He is currently a member of the Canterbury years Natalya has been involved in the community group, ICO e as completed a Bachelor of Science and a Jamie was the recipient of the Otago University Maori Rugby Team and last year was the South Island Kaiapoi Whakatau Awhina e te lwi. Master of Science (Zoology) at Auckland University. She Postgraduate Scholarship. This year he is tutoring in Maori Colts Captain. This year he is a member of the is currently a member of the Public Health Association the History Department. He has participated in various South Island Maori (seniors) rugby team. John recently and Australasian Epidemiology Association. Nicole will Maori activities at Otago University. participated in the Ngai Tahu Sports Festival held at be embarking on an overseas study tour furthering her Onuku. Through university John is part of Te Putairiki contacts with other indigenous health workers in San (Maori Law Students Association) and a member of Te Akatoki, the Maori Students' Association.

48 TE KARAKA Rau mat i I Sum mer 1 9 9 9 R a u mat i I Sum mer 1999 TE KARAKA 49 1::J Hokonui Wairewa ~ John Rogerson (joint) Sara-Jane Lake GENERAL SCHOLARSHIPS G) ~ John is currently in his final year Sara-Jane is studying for a Bachelor Damon Bell Louise Bryant m 1::J studying for a Graduate Diploma in of Japanese Language at Damon is in his fifth year of study at Louise affiliates to both Otakou and ~ Accountancy at Otago University. Christchurch Polytechnic, having the Otago Medical School. A Moeraki rOna1sa, she is a descendant z --, John has already completed a already completed a Certificate in descendant of Kaitai Pahi, Damon of Ihaia Potiki. Having previously m _ Bachelor of Commerce in Marketing. Japanese Language and an affiliates to Oraka Aparima ROna1sa. completed a Bachelor of Arts in Maori :D 1::J - John believes "if a larger proportion Advanced Certificate in Japanese for Damon's aim is become an Studies at Otago University, Louise of Kai Tahu are committed to achieving tribal goals, this Tourism and Trade. For the last eight years she has been endocrinologist who specialises in is in her final year of a Bachelor of » c: will provide us with a larger, higher quality human involved in tour guiding around Te Waipounamu. As she diabetes. This year, during Damon's Performing and Screen Arts, majoring r- .,., resource base. Motivated individuals mean more ideas states: "Being Maori has been very beneficial for my involvement with the Maori health and Nutrition Centre i''"n-:CX'o-:-'n":''';t:-:e.....m':"':p:-:o'''::r-='a'':''ry..'Dance, at Unitec, Auckland. During ,,#tJ and more resources with which to achieve those ideas. occupation as I am in a better position to explain various in the Nutrition Department he has become interested in her time at Otago, Louise was a tutor for Te Tari Maori in OO C:I This would result in a better future for Kai Tahu whanui." things about Kai Tahu and the Maori culture". She is the controversial area of genetically modified foods. te reo me nga tikanga Maori. She was a member of Kai deciding whether to embark on a career in teaching upon Damon is also involved with research into diabetes and Tahu Whanau ki Otepoti, has been involved in Maori o Z Ann Maree Cairns (joint) the completion of her degree or to study for her Masters. this year is participating in the Insulin Resistance Study. performing arts, and is currently a member of Te ::I: » Ann is in her first year studying for a Whiringa, a Maori advisory committee to the Unitec o Bachelor of Arts in Maori and History. Koukourarata Herena Stone School of Performing and Screen Arts. This year Louise Ann affiliates to both Hokonui and Paul Feary Herena is in her third year of study was granted an Aotea Trust Performing Arts Award, as r- » Otakou. Ann hopes to continue with Te ROnanga 0 Koukourarata has for a LLB in Law and Maori at the an acknowledgment of present achievement and future » " her teachers training, seeing selected Paul as their scholarship University of Waikato. Herena promise. :D 00 graduates in her position as not just recipient. Paul is in his second year already has a BA from the University o bilingual but truly bicultural as well. A studying Psychology and English for of Canterbury. Herena affiliates to Te Ria Brodie 00 current member of the Hokonui ROna1sa, Ann has also a Bachelor of Arts at the University of HapO 0 Kati Wheke and to Kai Ria is currently in her third and final ::I: ::I: been involved with the Murihiku Marae Committee and Canterbury. Paul believes the TOahuriri. Prior to commencing her year of study for a Bachelor of ~-r'I"'-~"""'-~, o the Hokonui Kohanga Reo. She has been involved with development of ra1satahi lies in their ability to feel proud stu les in aw, erena was a registered nurse and Midwifery Degree at the Otago 1::J- a kapahaka group at high school and is a keen netballer. of their Maori heritage, and deport themselves as midwife and has been closely involved with her rOna1sa Polytechnic. She is a registered 00 r- ambassadors of their people. at Rapaki. She was also involved in Te Kura Kaupapa, general/obstetric nurse. Ria has » particularly Te Kura WhakapOmau Reo ki Waitaha. already completed a Bachelor of Arts :D in Maori at the University of 00 The following are ioint recipients of the Ngai Tuahuriri Runanga scholarship: Ria is a descendant of tOpuna from Ruth Cadman POrakaunui. She has extensive experience in Maori ::I: Benedict Brennan is in his second year of study for a Dominic Glazewski is in his fourth year of a Bachelor of Ruth is in her third year of Maori health, including working with the Maori Mobile Health =c Diploma in Jazz Studies at the Christchurch Polytechnic. Law and Commerce degree at the University of Studies for a Bachelor of Arts at the Unit. She is a member of the Otepoti Maori Women's Canterbury. University of Otago. She is a Welfare League. Ria has also been involved with 00 Peter Hyslop is in his first year of study for a Bachelor descendant of Te Koeti Turanga and kohanga reo, is a board member of two primary schools, of Science degree at the University of Canterbury. Nicola Hullen is in her second year of a Bachelor of Arts because she lives in the area, has and has attended reo rumaki. She hopes that as a part degree at Massey University. been involved with the Otakou marae of iwi development we will support the reclamation of Rahera Harmon is currently studying Tino and rOna1sa activities for some years our own Ngai Tahu birthing practices. now. Ruth was Chairperson ofTe Kohanga Reo 0 Otakou Rangatiratanga Whakapakari Whariki at the Takahanga Scott Newble is in his second year of study for a for three years and is part of the Maori Women's Welfare Marama Muir-Tuuta Kohanga Reo. Certificate in Adventure Tourism at the Aoraki Polytechnic. League, Otakou Branch. Marama affiliates to Kati Huirapa ki Puketera1si. She is currently in her Brady Crofts is in his second year of study for an David Pohatu-Stone is in his sixth year of a Bachelor of Jonathon Richards second year of study for a Bachelor advanced Certificate in Automative Engineering at the Law and Arts (Hons) at Victoria University. Wellington Polytechnic. Jonathon is a descendant of Teo Pita of Education at the Universities of Tipa. He is into his second year Auckland and Waikato and the 'Auckland College of Education. Louise Cocks is currently in her third year of a Diploma studying medicine at Otago University. His goal for the future is Marama is training for teaching in te of Business Studies at Waikato Polytechnic. to specialise in Cardiology. Jonathon ura aupapa aori. On her mother's side, Marama is was dux of South Otago High School Te Arawa, Ngati Tuwharetoa, and is a managing trustee Dominic Glazewski Nicola Hullen Brady Crofts David Pohatu-Stone Scott Newble ---- Louise Cocks and last year he won three for her mother's land. She is a member of whanau scholarships for academic achievement. Jonathon has tautoko for Te Raki Paewhenua Kura Kaupapa Maori. also received awards for speechmaking and debating. This year Jonathon is a member of the Maori Medical Students' association.

50 TE KARAKARau mat i I Sum mer 1 9 9 9 Raumati I Summer 1999 TE KARAKA 51 C) Anoushka Ude-Shankar Carla Petersen Anna Heath Tamara Mutu C) Anoushka is in her third year at the Carla is a descendant of Wharetutu Anna is in her third year at Aora.!si Tamara affiliates to Awarua ROnanga. m University of Otago studying as a Newton and Ihaia Potiki. She is in her Polytechnic, studying for a Diploma She is currently in her fifth year of m medical laboratory science student. second year of study for a Bachelor in Hotel Catering and Tourism study for a LLB (Hons) and a BSocSci z Next year she is hoping to do a of Commerce (Information Science Management. Anna is a descendant at Waikato University. She is a past z m Masters degree, and eventually a and Accounting) at Otago University. of Peneamine Te Kihi, Peti Brown recipient of the Countrywide Bank! m :D PhD in Pathology or Cytogenetics. Carla has participated in Manu Riamia and Tame Parata. Anna Ngati Whakaue Scholarship and :D Anoushka is a member of the Maori Korero competitions, and is currently regularly attends hui at Waihao and regularly attends hui. Tamara is a » tudents' Association and is hoping to become a a mem er 0 t e Maori Students' Association at Otago is involved with various marae activities. Last year she member 0 Te Whakahiapo (Waikato Maori Law Students » .... volunteer tutor this year for other Maori students. University. Her essay, submitted with her application was received an award for Student of the Year (Tourism and Association) and is a keen sportsperson. Recent events .... Eventually Anoushka would like to see a Maori health an account of the life of her Nana, Margaret Petersen, Hospitality). In 1997 she received the Eric Grant Award include: Te Whakahiapo Sports, Te Papa Takaro 0 Te en centre established under the auspices of Kai Tahu, n'e McCallum, from Kaka Point. for excellence. Arawa, Te Arawa marae to marae fun run, and the en o appropriate "to the two worlds that we as Maori live in. Maniapoto Sports Festival. o ::I: Traditional methods of healing need to be integrated with Lillian Fraser Maurice Rehu the benefits of modern medicine, to provide our own Lily is in her first year of study at the Maurice affiliates to Te HapO 0 Ngati Shannon Hanrahan ::I: o system of care and cure." Auckland Medical School. She is a Wheke, he is a descendant of Shannon is in his second year o .... descendant of Motoitoi. Her rOna.!sa Hakopa Te Ata 0 Tu. Maurice is stUdying for a Bachelor of Arts in Kiri Powick .... is Otakou. Lily attended Te Kura 0 currently in his second and final year Sociology and Media Studies at » Kiri is a descendant ofTeone Russell. Hoani Waititi Marae where she studying for a Diploma of Nautical Massey University. Shannon is a » :D She affiliates to Te Atiawa as well. played competitive netball, Science/2nd Mates Foreign Going at graduate from the first kohanga reo :D She is in her second year at Waikato participated in Manu Korero the New Zealand Maritime School, in Opotiki. He was Head Prefect at en University studying for a Bachelor of competitions and was a senior member of the Wharekura Manukau Institute of Technology. Prior to attending Whakatane High School in 1996. His en ::I: Teaching (Rumaki). During her time kapahaka team who were placed first on two occasions. Maritime School, Maurice was involved in the high school interests included kapahaka, swimming and ::I: - at Queen Charlotte College, Kiri won She was commended by her school for her peer support, maintenance and upkeep of his marae at Rapaki, jazz - he sang with his school band at the National Jazz -0 several speech/manu korero and empathy with younger members of the kura. She is frequently attending hui there. Festival. This year he was elected as the Maori Students' --0 en competItIons, was the kaea for the kapahaka group there fluent in te reo Maori. Officer at Massey University Students' Association. He (as well as being part of the ropO for Queen Victoria Aroha Reihana has been involved in several rangatahi health initiatives en College) and was the recipient of the national Kohanga Sandra Kellian Aroha is in her fourth year studying over the years. Reo Scholarship last year. Kiri is a ringawera at Waikawa Sandra is a descendant of Motoitoi. for a BSocSci and a LLB at Waikato Marae. This year she is involved in the Waikato She is currently in her eighth year University. Aroha draws a distinction Peta Wilkinson University Culture group. stUdying for a postgraduate Diploma between "rights and responsibilities". Peta, who affiliates to Ngati Irakehu, in Museum Studies (Collection "As individuals we have but one right is a descendant of Teone Taare Rachel Maitland Management, Museum - the right to be the very best Kai Tahu Tikao. She is studying at the Rachel is in her second year studying Management) at Massey University. man or woman that we can be, the University of Auckland for a BA in for a Bachelor of Teaching (Primary) She has already completed a rest are responsibilities. We must never make a decision Sociology and an LLB in at the Dunedin College of Education. Bachelor of Fine Arts, majoring in photography at the without first considering the whanau, hapO, iwi, our Professional Legal Studies. During Her major subject is Maori, and she Otago Polytechnic School of Fine Arts. Sandra is nation, the universe and the 'seven generations in the her High School years Peta was is passionate about te reo, currently working on an exhibition. She has been sand'. The seven generations in the sand are symbolic Head Girl of Kaitaia College and was particularly about Kai Tahu dialect. researching whakapapa and history from the Otakou of the unborn generations." involved in peer support programmes and charity aid. Peta Last year Rachel was awarded a area. Sandra is particularly interested in "the role of has been, and is, involved in a variety of activities such scholarship from the Dunedin College of Education. preservation and display of treasured taonga held within Charisma Rangi as drama, debating, soccer, rugby and touch. She is an During her time at Otago Girls' High School, she was museums and art galleries". Sandra believes "we are Charisma is in her fourth year at the associate member of the Rapaki Maori Women's Welfare part of their culture group, performing in several caretakers of our past so that we can better know our University of Canterbury studying for League, a member of the Maori Law Students Society, secondary schools festivals. She was also an active present." an LLB and a BA (Hons), majoring in and she has been involved in taura here hui in her area. participant in Te Manu Korero speech competitions, and Sociology and Maori. Charisma received a prize for art in her last year at school. Rachel Craig Pauling affiliates to Kai Tahu ki Kati Irakehu Raimona Peni is from the Anglem whanau. Craig Pauling is a descendant of Ihaia (Wairewa, Onuku) and Te Atiawa ki Raimona affiliates to Hokonui ROnanga. He is in his first Whaitiri, and affiliates to Ngai Ngati Mutunga on her mother's side year of study at the Christchurch College of Education, Stephen Tauwhare TOahuriri and Ngai Te Ruahikihiki. and to Ngati Kahungunu ki Rakaipaka on her father's having last year completed a Bachelor of Maori Studies Stephen affiliates to Kati Waewae Craig is in his third year studying for side. Charisma has been President ofTe Putairiki - Maori through the Waiariki Institute of Technology. Raimona ROna.!sa. He is in his fifth year of study a Bachelor of Resource Studies at Law Students'Association and is a member of Te Roopu is studying for a Diploma of Teaching (Secondary). He for a Master of Philosophy degree at Lincoln University. This year Craig is Kapa Haka 0 Te Whare Wananga 0 Waitaha at the is fluent in te reo Maori, is a member of the kapahaka Massey University. Stephen has involved in a venture known as "State University of Canterbury. She is also a tutor in the Maori group Te Matarae i Orehu, and is himself teaching already completed a Bachelor of of Flax Recycled Papers", has a twelve-month Department and is a Projects Team Member with Ngai kapahaka to pupils at his local kura kaupapa. Raimona Science in Genetics and appointment as the Environmental Officer on the Student Tahu Development Corporation. is involved with his Te Arawa iwi at hui and tangihanga. Microbiology. Stephen is currently Executive Council and was involved in recording data He has a particular interest in weaponry from "te ao working on a project entitled: "Pathways to and from for the Kiwi Recovery Programme. Last year Craig kohatu". He took a up a voluntary position with the alcohol and substance abuse for young Maori". He is worked with DoC on the Otamahua (Quail Island) Rotorua Museum, which has led on to other things. also involved in researching his North Island whakapapa Ecological Restoration Project and the Kakapo Recovery (Ngati Hiuairo). Stephen is a memberofTe WahaAwhina Programme on Whenua Hou (Codfish Island). Craig was and is on the bicultural advisory group at the Palmerston a member of the Linwood Rugby Club during his Aranui North City Council. High School years and was in various representative teams.

52 TE KAAAKA Aau mat i I Sum mer 1 9 9 9 Raumati I Summer 1999 TE KARAKA 53 26 Like, alike o Nga Reta lived with him and this helped :0 28 Gossip, said in the house soften the ill feelings of the Maori r­ towards the Pakeha. Ol---~ 32 Anxiety Kia ora Gabrielle, m Thank Ursula Brocheries, a descend­ -I 34 Hampered, distressed you for publishing my letter in the winter issue of en ant of Francois Lelievre -I te Karaka last year. I received three replies, one just said en 35 Canoe sideboards that Eta was slightly recently from Dori (Williams) Munroe, originally from Little lame and m was made an ~ 36 Cave River but now living in Kerikeri. I look forward to meeting outcast because :0 of it. One meaning with her. The most helpful was Jane Stevens from for the word 37 Frost, snow "koki" is lame, what is en o Ngaruawahia. I also went home to Akaroa last the connection between these stories? :0 39 Mountain peak September and found out more information which I have Between Eta and Koki? -I included here. 41 Headland Emery Demalmanche's son Pierre married Elizabeth C Marguerite o This new letter is the follow up. Hamilton, the other daughter of Te 42 Eaves of a house Wharerauaruhe. The mother of Te Matenga Taiaroa, the -I Can you please help me with any of these queries? 45 Agreement, Assent If so prominent Ngai Tahu Chief was also named Te I would greatly appreciate hearing :::E: from you. Wharerauaruhe. He also spoke the French language. 46 Expresses surprise Perhaps Was Jane (aka) Julia Hamilton, the daughter of Te the person I am researching was his sister or m daughter. 47 Shudder Wharerauaruhe and Mathew Hamilton adopted by I do not believe it was the same woman as his m Louise and Jacques Benoit who mother. 48 Bask, warm oneself farmed at Takamatua? Jane was left behind when the Benoits c went back to I hope these queries are understandable, and once again France - what happened Clues Down to her? if anyone can help me in my research into - the lives of Te -I Jessie Wharerauaruhe and her Fairy Sprite Mould from Akaroa told me that in 1990 a daughter Jane, I would greatly appreciate o descendant of the Benoits, Madeline Morisett brought hearing from you. 2 Taine Randell's team back two Maori cloaks, or raincapes from France and :D 3 Relax gifted them to the Akaroa museum. One of these has Noho ora mai ra been restored and is now qn display at the museum. Did Clues Across 14 4 Challenge Splice or join these cloaks originally belong to Jane or her mother, Te Yours faithfully Wharerauaruhe Gillian Kaka Greenstone adze 16 Red billed gull 5 Driftwood (Koko)? Paraha Rd! 8 Jim Hammond from Takamatua Wander 18 Embark on a ship 6 Pierce told me that he had heard RD1 that Koki had stayed with Emery Demalmanche. 9 Form of 2 7 Content Emery Kawakawa 20 Stick insect had befriended a Maori called Eta and his family who Bay of Islands 10 Burn 21 Hungry 10 Digging stick 11 He, she, it 23 The 13 Reject, throwaway 12 "And" as in numbers 24 Astonishment, distress 15 Shall I? 17 Spirit voice 19 Move 22 Little

25 On the other hand, but 27 Strips of coloured flax 29 Edible grub 30 Glow, splendour 31 Writhe, toss 33 Ordinary 38 Giddiness 39 To form ordinals 40 Long, thin roots 41 Woman 43 Disentangle

44 Used before proper names

Answers on page 56

54 TE KARAKA Raumati I Summer 1999 Send us a photo or draw a picture of a pukana and you could be in to win a toi rakatahi t-shirt. Wananei! Make sure your entries are in by Friday the 3rd December 1999 The winner will be announced in the next issue of Te Karaka. Write to the Projects Team Naai Tahu DeveloPment POBox 13-046 Christchurch In July this year a hui was held for Kai Tah rakatahi at Arowhenua. The hui was a chanc for rakatahi to get together and have a good time. There were workshops, activities and It's a fact that if any of us travel over seas we will not some hot debates1Itwas great fun with game be known by our achievements but by what ost foreigners competitions and spOli as well. perceive to be a strange custom called the pCJkana. Yet The marae was buzzing until the break of if we really think about it very few Of us know much about the pOkana. Although sticking your tongue out and dawn as rakatahi did some ofthe craziest skits. enlarging your eyes may seem very simple there is actually Everyone who attended received a free Toi a lot of history behin the pOkana. It is said that long Rakatahi t-shirt as a souvenir ofa cool hui.l ago in a galaxy far. far away. Whoops wrong story! Anyway, you missed out on this one - don't won)'! if you have ever seen poupou then you would have noticed There will be an even bigger and better hui that these also have wide bulging eyes. It is said that early next year. So stay tuned... these bulging eyes represent the eyes of the ruru or owl. Long ago Roko, god of peace, built a whare wa aka (house of learning) and buried a ruru beneath it. It is said that the pCJkana mimics the ruru the wisest of birds. when it glares at the annoying tTwaiwaka (fantail). So the pOkana in a haka resembles the glaring ruru while the swinging of the poi mimics the fluttering of the cheeky tTwaiwaka.