Orthopedic Reviews 2017; volume 9:7030 Radiographic evaluation ative to the capitellum, and Baumann’s of common pediatric elbow angle.3 More subtle radiographic features, Correspondence: Steven F. DeFroda, such as the posterior fat pad sign, may be Department of Orthopaedics, Alpert Medical injuries indicative of an underlying fracture even School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, when a fracture is not radiographically Providence, RI 02903, USA. 6 Tel: +1.4014444030 - Fax: +1.4014446182. Steven F. DeFroda,1 Heather Hansen,2 apparent. The purpose of this review is to E-mail:
[email protected] Joseph A. Gil,1 Ashraf H. Hawari,3 describe the radiographic characteristics Aristides I. Cruz Jr.2 associated with common pediatric elbow Conflict of interest: the authors declare no injuries and to highlight common pitfalls 1Department of Orthopaedics, Alpert potential conflict of interest. associated with pediatric elbow diagnostic Medical School of Brown University, Key words: Elbow; Pediatrics; Fracture; 2 imaging. Providence, RI; Division of Pediatric Radiographs; Development. Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Alpert Medical School Received for publication: 6 January 2017. Accepted for publication: 2 February 2017. of Brown University, Providence, RI; Normal anatomy and development 3 Focus Medical Imaging-Garfield This work is licensed under a Creative Medical Center, Monterey Park, CA, Radiographic evaluation of the skeletal- Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 USA ly immature elbow requires knowledge of License (CC BY-NC 4.0). the normal sequence and appearance of the secondary ossification centers of the elbow ©Copyright S.F. DeFroda et al., 2017 in order to correctly distinguish pathology Licensee PAGEPress, Italy Abstract from normal anatomy (Figure 1).