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Avaliação De Quatro Protocolos Terapêuticos Para a Sinusite Pós-Descorna Plástica Em Bovinos Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, Vol

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Avaliação De Quatro Protocolos Terapêuticos Para a Sinusite Pós-Descorna Plástica Em Bovinos Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, Vol Acta Scientiae Veterinariae ISSN: 1678-0345 [email protected] Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Brasil Franco da Silva, Luiz Antônio; Teixeira Neto, Antônio Raphael; dos Santos Campos, Suyan Brethel; Silva Brazil, Denize; Helou, Jalily Bady; Pucci, Rejane Loose; Batista Caetano, Leandro; de Pino Albuquerque Maranhão, Renata; Ramos Gaston Brandstetter, Luciana Avaliação de quatro protocolos terapêuticos para a sinusite pós-descorna plástica em bovinos Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, vol. 38, núm. 1, 2010, pp. 25-30 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Brasil Disponível em: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=289021810004 Como citar este artigo Número completo Sistema de Informação Científica Mais artigos Rede de Revistas Científicas da América Latina, Caribe , Espanha e Portugal Home da revista no Redalyc Projeto acadêmico sem fins lucrativos desenvolvido no âmbito da iniciativa Acesso Aberto Acta Scientiae Veterinariae. 38(1): 25-30, 2010. ORIGINAL ARTICLE ISSN 1679-9216 (Online) Pub. 870 Avaliação de quatro protocolos terapêuticos para a sinusite pós-descorna plástica em bovinos Evaluation of four treatment protocols to sinusitis after plastic dehornig in cattle Luiz Antônio Franco da Silva1, Antônio Raphael Teixeira Neto2, Suyan Brethel dos Santos Campos1, Denize Silva Brazil1, Jalily Bady Helou1, Rejane Loose Pucci1, Leandro Batista Caetano1, Renata de Pino Albuquerque Maranhão1 & Luciana Ramos Gaston Brandstetter1 RESUMO A descorna plástica em bovinos adultos pode resultar em diversas complicações trans e pós-operatórias. Uma das possíveis sequelas deste procedimento é a sinusite, um processo inflamatório que acomete os seios paranasais, como consequência da exposição do seio frontal. No presente estudo, avaliou-se a eficácia de protocolos terapêuticos contendo hipoclorito de sódio, policresuleno, iodopovidona e solução isotônica de cloreto de sódio no tratamento da sinusite pós- descorna em 60 bovinos, distribuídos em quatro grupos experimentais de 15 animais, GI, GII, GIII e GIV. Durante o acesso ao seio frontal para proceder ao tratamento local, atentou-se para a presença de corpos estranhos, sendo observadas esquírolas ósseas, hastes de capim, fios de sutura e farpas de madeira. O escoamento da secreção mucopurulenta e a remoção do excesso de soluções empregadas no local infectado foi facilitada, girando a cabeça do animal e posicionando a abertura do seio frontal o mais ventralmente possível. Empregando o teste do Qui-quadrado, observou-se diferença significativa entre os tratamentos. O hipoclorito de sódio e a iodopovidona foram os tratamentos mais eficazes, podendo ser recomendados no tratamento desta enfermidade. Descritores: bovino, descorna plástica, seios paranasais, tratamento. ABSTRACT Plastic dehornig in adult cattle can result in several trans and postoperative complications. Sinusitis is an important sequela, resulting from an inflammatory process affecting the exposed frontal sinuses. In the present study, treatment protocols efficacy was evaluated in 60 bovines. Therapeutic protocols included sodium hypochlorite, policresulen, povidone-iodine and isotonic sodium chloride solution, which were divided into four experimental groups of 15 animals, GI, GII, GIII and GIV. During frontal sinus access to institute local treatment, attempts to identify foreign bodies, bone fragments, grass stems, suture material and wood splints were made. Mucous-purulent liquid drainage and excess solutions removal were facilitated by laterally rotating the animal’s head and placing the frontal sinus gap as ventral as possible. Using chi-square test, there was significant difference between treatments. Sodium hypochlorite and povidone-iodine were the most effective treatments, being recommended as part of sinusitis therapeutic protocol. Keywords: bovine, plastic dehornig, paranasal sinus, treatment. Received: July 2009 www.ufrgs.br/actavet Accepted: October 2009 1Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Estrada Goiânia Nova Veneza Km 0, Campus II, Setor Samambaia, Caixa Postal 131, CEP 74.001-970 Goiânia, GO, Brasil. 2Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília (Unb), DF, Brasília, Brasil. CORRESPONDÊNCIA: L.A.F. Silva. [[email protected] - FAX: + 55 (62) 3521-1566]. 25 Silva L. F., Teixeira Neto, A.R., Campos S.B.S., Brazil D.S., Helou, J.B., Pucci R.L., Caetano L.B., Maranhão R. A. & Brandstetter L.G. Avaliação de quatro protocolos terapêuticos para a sinusite pós-descorna plástica em bovinos. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae. 38(1): 25-30. INTRODUÇÃO MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS A sinusite é um processo inflamatório que O estudo foi conduzido no Hospital Veteriná- acomete os seios paranasais, ocorrendo com maior rio da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal frequência nos bovinos, após realização de descorna de Goiás (HV/EV/UFG) e em diferentes proprieda- plástica, mochação com ferro candente, trepanações des rurais do Estado de Goiás, entre os anos de 1998 ou decorrente de fraturas dos cornos, com exposição e 2008. Empregaram-se na pesquisa 60 bovinos, de do seio frontal [1,4,9]. Uma vez que os seios parana- diferentes raças, sexo, idade e peso, portadores de sais se comunicam com o meato nasal médio e são um ou mais sinais clínicos compatíveis com sinusite. revestidos por membranas mucosas, permitem que Todos os animais utilizados foram submetidos a eventuais processos infecciosos resultem em otites, descorna cirúrgica, antes da manifestação da enfer- rinites e faringoamigdalites [5]. Fatores relacionados midade, sendo este evento condição indispensável à anti-sepsia, realização de intervenções cirúrgicas para serem incluídos na pesquisa. por pessoas inabilitadas, presença de corpo estranho A presença de secreção de aspecto purulento e pós-operatório conduzido de forma inadequada fluindo pelas narinas, fístula na região do corno am- também podem participar na etiopatogenia da sinu- putado, febre, letargia, anorexia, postura anormal da site em bovinos [2]. cabeça, deformação dos ossos frontais, distúrbios Para a correção desta afecção, alguns proto- neurológicos e exoftalmia foram considerados sinais colos terapêuticos têm sido descritos na literatura. clínicos importantes para a conclusão do diagnósti- Foi relatado que medicamentos a base de poli- co e para proceder ao diagnóstico diferencial entre cresuleno e iodopovidona apresentam bons resul- tumores e traumatismos na região da cabeça. Após a tados no tratamento desta enfermidade [2]. Embora confirmação do diagnóstico, procederam-se os trata- algumas fontes considerem a sinusite uma compli- mentos, distribuindo os animais em quatro grupos cação pós-operatória importante da descorna plás- distintos (GI, GII, GIII e GIV), contendo 15 bovinos tica em bovinos, a maioria se limita a discutir o as- cada, sendo que, cada grupo correspondia a um pro- sunto de forma pouco científica. Essa situação sus- tocolo terapêutico. A formação dos grupos ocorreu cita dúvidas, especialmente sobre os principais pro- de forma aleatória, estabelecendo-se previamente a tocolos terapêuticos empregados no tratamento da sequência de tratamento a que estes grupos seriam afecção [4,9,10], aumentando as perdas econômi- submetidos. cas dos criatórios, devido aos gastos com medica- Os animais que compuseram o GI foram trata- mentos, perda de peso e eventuais óbitos dos ani- dos com solução de hipoclorito de sódio a 0,2%1. Os mais. animais do grupo GII receberam tratamento com solu- Na tentativa de buscar respaldo científico ção de policresuleno a 2%2. Para os animais distribuí- para o emprego do hipoclorito de sódio, policre- dos em GIII, o tratamento incluiu a higienização do seio suleno e iodopovidona no tratamento da sinusite pós- frontal com iodopovidona a 5%3 e para os bovinos per- descorna em bovinos, avaliou-se neste estudo a efi- tencentes ao GIV o seio frontal foi higienizado empre- cácia de protocolos terapêuticos específicos com tais gando apenas solução fisiológica4, sendo este último, princípios ativos. considerado o grupo controle (Tabela 1). Tabela 1. Constituição dos grupos, de acordo com o protocolo terapêutico empregado, de bovinos com sinusite pós-descorna, no Hospital Veteri- nário da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Goiás e em diferentes propriedades rurais do Estado de Goiás, entre 1998 e 2008. Gorupo Psrotocolo terapêutic Número de animai G%I H5ipoclorito de sódio 0,2 1 G%II S5olução de Policresuleno 2 1 G%III I5odopovidona 5 1 G)IV S5olução fisiológica (NaCl 0,9% 1 T0OTAL 6 26 Silva L. F., Teixeira Neto, A.R., Campos S.B.S., Brazil D.S., Helou, J.B., Pucci R.L., Caetano L.B., Maranhão R. A. & Brandstetter L.G. Avaliação de quatro protocolos terapêuticos para a sinusite pós-descorna plástica em bovinos. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae. 38(1): 25-30. Para facilitar o acesso ao seio frontal compro- Após o início do tratamento, os animais eram metido, os animais eram sedados com 0,1 a 0,2mg/kg examinados quinzenalmente, por um período de 60 de cloridrato de xilazina a 2%5 e imobilizados em dias. Considerou-se como cura clínica completa da decúbito esterno-abdominal, quando necessário, após enfermidade a ausência de fístulas e secreções de obedecer a jejum completo de 12 horas [3]. Sequen- aspecto purulento fluindo pelas narinas e a falta de cialmente, efetuou-se a higienização, tricotomia e anti- sinais clínicos sistêmicos, além da cicatrização de- sepsia da região frontal e promoveu-se a anestesia sejável da ferida cirúrgica. As recidivas foram asso- infiltrativa
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